AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm

Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
Direction : Defne the following.
1) Psychology
2) social psychology
3) behavior
4) mental processes
Direction : What is being escribe! Write yo"r answers on the
blan#.
1) Greek word meaning soul, spirit, life
2) A branch of knowledge
3) Psychology has roots in _______________ and
______________
)
!) "ounder of modern psychology in 1#$% in &eip'ig,
Germany
() )e studied consciousness
$) &eaders of beha*iorism
#)
%) Pleasure
1+) ,eality principle
11) -onscience
.irection / 0numerate the following1
A1 Approaches in Psychology
1) _______________________________________________
2) _______________________________________________
3) _______________________________________________
) _______________________________________________
!) _______________________________________________
() _______________________________________________
$) _______________________________________________
1
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
21 3peciali'ations in Psychology
1) ______________________________________
2) ______________________________________
3) ______________________________________
) ______________________________________
!) ______________________________________
() ______________________________________
$) ______________________________________
#) ______________________________________
.irection / "ill in the blanks1
2eha*ioral
4 _______________________________________________________________
4 _______________________________________________________________
4 _______________________________________________________________
Psychodynamic
4 _______________________________________________________________
4 _______________________________________________________________
4 _______________________________________________________________
4 _______________________________________________________________
4 _______________________________________________________________
4 _______________________________________________________________
-ogniti*e
4 _______________________________________________________________
4 _______________________________________________________________
2eha*ioral 5euroscience
4 _______________________________________________________________
4 _______________________________________________________________
0*olutionary approach
4 _______________________________________________________________
3ocio4cultural Approach
4 _______________________________________________________________
4 _______________________________________________________________
)umanistic Approach
4 _______________________________________________________________
4 _______________________________________________________________
4 _______________________________________________________________
Practice $i%&erm
2
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
.irection / ,ing the letter of the correct answer1

AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm

Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
1 3ocial psychology is
') the scienti6c study of how people think about, in7uence,
and relate to one another1
() the scienti6c study of how people act1
)) the scienti6c study of how people lo*e and hate1
D) the scienti6c study of how people understand and
con7ict with one another1
2 8he te9t states that *alues
') enter the picture with our choice of research topics1
() are unimportant in the study of social psychology1
)) do not in7uence the type of people attracted to *arious
academic disciplines1
D) tell us which ones are right1
3 )indsight bias
') is conduci*e to an underestimation of our own
intellectual powers1
() shows that common sense is nearly always scienti6cally
wrong1
)) is the tendency to e9aggerate after learning an outcome1
D) is the tendency to see the ob:ecti*e situation incorrectly1
4 8he procedure in which e*ery person in the population being studied
has an e;ual chance of inclusion is
') sur*ey research1
() e;ual sample1
)) controlled sample1
D) random sample1
* <hich is false according to the te9t1 8he American and 2ritish
Psychological Associations
') protect people from harm and signi6cant discomfort1
() tell potential participants enough about the e9periment
to enable their informed consent1
)) fully e9plain the e9periment before preceding1
D) treat information about the indi*idual participants
con6dentially1
+ 2eliefs about self that organi'e and guide the processing of self4
rele*ant information is
') self4esteem
() self4reference e=ect1
)) self4schema1
D) self4concept1
, 3elf4esteem is
') the total of our possible sel*es1
() the sum of all our self4schemas1
)) the total sum of our thoughts about oursel*es1
D) a person>s o*erall e*aluation of oneself1
- &oewenstein and 3chkade>s research on determining how we will
!
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
feel shows the following is true1
') People underestimate how much their well4being would
be e=ected by winning the state lottery1
() People o*erestimate how much their well4being would be
a=ected by losing weight1
)) Gi*en de*astating news, people do not cope well1
D) After adapting to good news, people feel as elated as
they anticipated1
. <hich of the following is not true for people who ha*e a sense of
e?cacy and feelings of control@
') more alert
() less acti*ity
)) achie*e more
D) cope better
1
/
8he act of e9pressing oneself in ways designed to create a
fa*orable impression is
') self4presentation1
() self4monitoring1
)) self4handicapping1
D) egocentric role4playing1
1
1
8he theory of correspondent inferences states
') people infer that other people>s intentions and
dispositions correspond to our intentions and
dispositions1
() people infer that other people>s intentions and
dispositions correspond to the group>s intentions and
dispositions1
)) people infer that other people ha*e similar *alues1
D) people infer that other people>s intentions and
dispositions correspond to their actions1
1
2
-orrespondence bias is
') an illusory correlation1
() counterfactual thinking1
)) fundamental attribution error1
D) hindsight error1
1
3
Aemory construction allows us to
') re*ise our own histories1
() think automatically1
)) replicate reality1
D) see the truth of the situation1
1
4
Bmagining alternati*e scenarios and outcomes that might ha*e
happened, but didn>t is
') hindsight bias1
() counterfactual thinking1
)) denial parado91
D) inferential analysis1
1
*
8he perception of a relationship where none e9ists is
') belief assimilation phenomenon1
() illusory correlation1
)) the Culecho* e=ect1
"
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
D) distincti*eness fallacy1
1
+
Bn response to e9ternal circumstances ___________________ people
ad:ust their beha*ior1
') intelligent
() depressed
)) self4conscious
D) unintelligent
1
,
A *ariation of the foot4in4the4door phenomenon is the
') bogus techni;ue1
() low4ball techni;ue1
)) self4monitoring techni;ue1
D) :usti6cation techni;ue1
1
-
8he term brainwashing describes what happened to American
PD<s during which war@
') <orld <ar B
() <orld <ar BB
)) Corean <ar
D) Eietnam <ar
1
.
According to self4perception theory, beha*ior shapes attitudes
') when attitudes are strong and consistent1
() only in the area of legislation1
)) in self4monitoring people1
D) when attitudes are weak and ambiguous1
2
/
According to the te9t, which of the following are true of self4
perception and cogniti*e dissonance theories@
') 3elf4perception theory has more support and e*idence1
() 0*idence e9ists to support both theories1
)) -ogniti*e dissonance theory has more support and
e*idence1
D) 8hey are mutually e9clusi*eF therefore one has to be
correct1
2
1
According to the te9t, norms are
') a set of roles1
() models of social beha*ior1
)) prescriptions for proper beha*ior1
D) laws go*erning social beha*ior1
2
2
8he characteristics, whether biologically or socially in7uenced, by
which people de6ne male and female is
') gender norm1
() gender role1
)) gender assignment1
D) gender1
2
3
Across the globe, men are how many times more likely to murder
men than women murder women@
') !
() 2+
)) 1+
6
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
D) 2!
2
4
According to the te9t, gender di=erence does not e9ist in
') *ocabulary1
() se9ual initiati*e1
)) murder rate1
D) con*ersation style1
2
*
According to the te9t, you are more likely to smoke if
') your parents smoke1
() your brother smokes1
)) your sister smokes1
D) your friends smoke1
2
+
-onformity that in*ol*es both acting and belie*ing in accord with
social pressure is
') compliance1
() cohesi*eness1
)) obedience1
D) acceptance1
2
,
3herif>s study using autokinetic phenomenon suggest
') compliance1
() acceptance1
)) obedience1
D) reactance1
2
-
<hen Ailgram mo*ed his e9periment from Gale to 2ridgeport, the
number of people who complied
') decreased from (3 percent to 2! percent1
() decreased from (3 percent to 13 percent1
)) decreased from (3 percent to # percent1
D) remained about the same1
2
.
-onformity based on a person>s desire to ful6ll others> e9pectations
is
') nominal in7uence1
() informational in7uence1
)) normati*e in7uence1
D) indirect in7uence1
3
/
Bncreasing the si'e of a group from 2 to _____is likely to produce the
greatest increase in conformity1
') !
() 1+
)) 2!
D) 1++
3
1
According to the te9t, from 1%$#41%%1 support for the mari:uana>s
legali'ation among new collegians dropped from
') !+ to 21 percent1
() (! to 3% percent1
7
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
)) #1 to !( percent1
D) 1 to 11 percent1
3
2
-ommunicators who talk fast and are straightforward are likely to be
percei*ed as
') manipulati*e1
() credible1
)) untrustworthy1
D) attracti*e1
3
3
8he e=ect of fear4arousing communication is
') fear renders the communication ine=ecti*e1
() a low le*el of fear is e=ecti*e, but a high le*el is counter
producti*e1
)) generally the more fear people feel, the more e=ecti*e
the communication1
D) e=ecti*e only with women1
3
4
8he process by which media in7uence occurs through opinion
leaders, who in turn in7uence others, is called
') channels of communication1
() the media e=ect1
)) the opinion leaders phenomenon1
D) the two4step 7ow of communication1
3
*
<hich age group is most open to a cult>s message@
') under 2!
() between 21 and 2!
)) between 2! and 3!
D) o*er 3!
3
+
People working simultaneously and indi*idually on a noncompetiti*e
task are called
') social facilitators1
() coactors1
)) group1
D) collecti*e1
3
,
According to the te9t, the presence of others impro*ed people>s
e?ciency at
') doing comple9 multiplication problems1
() learning a foreign language1
)) learning nonsense words1
D) crossing out designated letters1
3
-
8he loss of self4awareness and e*aluation apprehension is called
') the singleton e=ect1
() the group awareness e=ect1
)) deindi*iduation1
D) group polari'ation1
8
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
3
.
According to the te9t, if a minority :udges blue slides to be green
') it has no e=ect on the :udgments of the ma:ority1
() females but not males of the ma:ority will occasionally
agree1
)) members of the ma:ority will occasionally agree1
D) males but not females of the ma:ority will occasionally
agree1
4
/
Groupthink is happening when members desire
') control1
() freedom1
)) harmony1
D) power1
Chapter 1
#ear$i$g %&'ectives
(irectio$ ) A$s*er the follo*i$g+
1+ (efi$e social psychology a$d give e,amples of the discipli$e-s ce$tral co$cer$s+
2+ .de$tify similarities a$d differe$ces &et*ee$ social psychology a$d the other
discipli$es that st/dy h/ma$ $at/re+
0
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
+ .$dicate ho* the perso$al val/es of social psychologists pe$etrate their *or1+
!+ (isc/ss the $at/re a$d implicatio$s of the 2hi$dsight &ias2 for social psychology+
"+ 3,plai$ the ge$eral $at/re a$d p/rpose of a theory+
14
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
6+ (escri&e t*o ma'or research methods /sed i$ social psychology a$d state the
adva$tages a$d disadva$tages of each+
7+ .de$tify ethical sta$dards that gover$ social5psychological research+
$"tliple )hoice 0"i1
1 3ocial psychology is
')the scienti6c study of how people think about, in7uence, and relate to
one another1
()
the scienti6c study of how people act1
)) the scienti6c study of how people lo*e and hate1
D)the scienti6c study of how people understand and con7ict with one
another1
2 3ocial psychology _______________________ than personality psychology1
') has more famous theorists
() focuses on the di=erences between indi*iduals more
)) has a shorter history
D) focuses on the pri*ate internal functioning between indi*iduals more
3 8he te9t states that social psychology
') is the most important perspecti*e in *iewing and understanding
11
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
oursel*es1
() is one important perspecti*e from which we can *iew and understand
oursel*es1
)) is the real e9planation that lets us understand and *iew oursel*es1
D) is an inclusi*e perspecti*e from which we can *iew and understand
oursel*es1
4 8he te9t states that *alues
') enter the picture with our choice of research topics1
() are unimportant in the study of social psychology1
)) do not in7uence the type of people attracted to *arious academic
disciplines1
D) tell us which ones are right1
* 3ocial representations are
') the enduring beha*iors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a
group of people1
() ob:ecti*e situations1
)) ob:ect representations of real world actions1
D) our most important and most une9amined con*ictions1
+ 5aturalist fallacy is
') the error of de6ning what is good in terms of what is obser*able1
() a 7awed scienti6c description1
)) that all psychology can be de6ned through nature1
D) the error of de6ning what is normal is obser*able1
, )indsight bias
') is conduci*e to an underestimation of our own intellectual powers1
() shows that common sense is nearly always scienti6cally wrong1
)) is the tendency to e9aggerate after learning an outcome1
.) is the tendency to see the ob:ecti*e situation incorrectly1
- A testable proposition that describes a relationship that may e9ist between e*ents
is
') hypothesis1
() theory1
)) research topic1
D) direction to research1
. 8he study of the naturally occurring relationships among *ariables is
') e9perimental research1
() correlational research1
)) 6eld research1
D) interpretati*e research1
1
/
8he procedure in which e*ery person in the population being studied has an e;ual
chance of inclusion is
') sur*ey research1
() e;ual sample1
)) controlled sample1
D) random sample1
12
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
1
1
8he e9perimental factor that a researcher manipulates is aHn)
') dependent *ariable1
() hypothesis1
)) control1
D) independent *ariable1
1
2
8he process of assigning participants to the conditions of an e9periment such that
all persons ha*e the same chance of being in aHn)
') ethics of e9perimentation1
() random assignment1
)) mundane realism1
D) informed consent1
1
3
Aundane realism is
') performing the e9periment in the real world1
() when the e9periment is boring and repetiti*e1
)) the degree to which an e9periment is similar to e*eryday conditions1
D) the e9perimenter>s biases in the e9periment1
1
4
An e9periment would ha*e e9perimental realism if it
') absorbs and in*ol*es its participants1
() is carried out in the 6eld1
)) was similar to e*eryday situations1
D) tested an e*eryday hypothesis1
1
*
09perimenters standardi'e their instructions to sub:ects in order to
') minimi'e demand characteristics1
() insure accuracy in the results1
)) appear neutral to the group1
D) compare di=erent groups1
1
+
<hich is false according to the te9t1 8he American and 2ritish Psychological
Associations
') protect people from harm and signi6cant discomfort1
() tell potential participants enough about the e9periment to enable their
informed consent1
)) fully e9plain the e9periment before preceding1
D) treat information about the indi*idual participants con6dentially1
1
,
Bnformed consent is
') American Psychological Association guideline1
() an ethical principle1
)) law in the Inited 3tates and 2ritain1
D) a legal term used in e9perimental research1
1
-
An e9perimenter manipulates what *ariable@
') control
() independent
)) dependent
D) e9perimental
1
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
(irectio$ ) .de$tify the follo*i$g+ Choose form the *ords &elo*+ 6rite yo/r a$s*ers o$
the &la$1+
Dependent variable Naturalist fallacy Informed consent
Random sample fallacy hypothesis
psychology Mundane realism Field research
Experimental realism Theory culture
Hindsight bias ocial psychology Independent variable
17 a$ i$tegrated set of pri$ciples that e,plai$ a$d predict o&served eve$ts
7 the e,perime$tal factor that a researcher ma$ip/lates
07 the e$d/ri$g &ehaviors, ideas, attit/des, a$d traditio$s shared &y a large
gro/p of people a$d tra$smitted from o$e ge$eratio$ to the $e,t+
127 the error of defi$i$g *hat is good i$ terms of *hat is o&serva&le+ 8or
e,ample) 6hat9s typical is $ormal: *hat9s $ormal is good+
27 degree to *hich a$ e,perime$t a&sor&s a$d i$volves its participa$ts+
7 a$ ethical pri$ciple re;/iri$g that research participa$ts &e told e$o/gh
to e$a&le them to choose *hether they *ish to participate+
!7 the varia&le &ei$g meas/red, so5called &eca/se it may depe$d o$
ma$ip/latio$s of the i$depe$de$t varia&le+
"7 research do$e i$ $at/ral, real5life setti$gs o/tside the la&oratory+
67 the scie$tific st/dy of ho* people thi$1 a&o/t, i$fl/e$ce, a$d relate to
o$e a$other+
77 the te$de$cy to e,aggerate, after lear$i$g a$ o/tcome, o$e9s a&ility to
have foresee$ ho* somethi$g t/r$ed o/t+ Also 1$o*$ as the .51$e*5it5all5
alo$g phe$ome$o$+
87 degree to *hich a$ e,perime$t is s/perficially similar to everyday
sit/atio$s+
147 s/rvey proced/re i$ *hich every perso$ i$ the pop/latio$ &ei$g
st/died has a$ e;/al cha$ce of i$cl/sio$+
117 a testa&le propositio$ that descri&es a relatio$ship that may e,ist
&et*ee$ eve$ts+
-hapter (
.irection / Answer the following correctly1
11 .e6ne conformity and e9plain the di=erence between JcomplianceJ
and Jacceptance1J
1!
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
21 .escribe the 6ndings of three classic studies on conformity1
31 Bdentify circumstances that are conduci*e to conformity1
1 09plain why people conform1
1"
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
!1 Bndicate how personality and cultural background are related to
conformity1
(1 09plain why people sometimes resist social pressure1
$"tliple )hoice 0"i1
1 A change in beha*ior or belief as a result of real or imagined group
pressure is
') compliance1
() conformity1
)) acceptance1
D) reactance1
2 -onformity that in*ol*es publicly acting in accord with social
pressure while pri*ately disagreeing is
16
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
') compliance1
() acceptance1
)) obedience1
D) reactance1
3 -onformity that in*ol*es both acting and belie*ing in accord with
social pressure is
') compliance1
() cohesi*eness1
)) obedience1
D) acceptance1
4 3herif>s study using autokinetic phenomenon suggest
') compliance1
() acceptance1
)) obedience1
D) reactance1
* An accomplice of the e9perimenter is
') confederate1
() partner1
)) colleague1
D) associate1
+ Bn Asch>s study of conformity in*ol*ing the length of lines, naK*e
participants conformed ___ of the time
') 2+ percent
() $ percent
)) 3$ percent
D) (1 percent
, According to the te9t, the most famous and contro*ersial
e9periments of social psychology are
') Asch>s conformity e9periments1
() Ailgram>s obedience e9periments1
)) 3mith and .unn>s reactance e9periments1
D) 2erg>s compliance e9periments1
- <hen Ailgram mo*ed his e9periment from Gale to 2ridgeport, the
number of people who complied
') decreased from (3 percent to 2! percent1
() decreased from (3 percent to 13 percent1
)) decreased from (3 percent to # percent1
D) remained about the same1
. 8he training of tortures by the military :unta in Greece illustrates
') the compliance e=ect1
() cohesi*eness e=ect1
)) the foot4in4the4door phenomenon1
D) reactance phenomenon1
1
/
Bn a study at Penn 3tate, what percentage of students said they
would ignore se9ist statements@
') ! percent
() 12 percent
)) 32 percent
17
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
D) !1 percent
1
1
According to the te9t, people will nearly always *oice their
con*ictions if
') if two other people ha*e done so1
() if one other person has done so1
)) if more than two people ha*e done so1
D) none of the abo*e1
1
2
8he e9tent to which members of a group are bound together is
') unity1
() harmony1
)) cohesi*eness1
D) agreement1
1
3
-onformity based on a person>s desire to ful6ll others> e9pectations
is
') nominal in7uence1
() informational in7uence1
)) normati*e in7uence1
D) indirect in7uence1
1
4
-onformity that results from accepting e*idence about reality
pro*ided by others is
') informational in7uence1
() nominal in7uence1
)) direct in7uence1
D) normati*e in7uence1
1
*
A moti*e to protect or restore one>s sense of freedom is
') dissonance1
() pride1
)) self4worth1
D) reactance1
1
+
Ailly comes from a 2lack family, has two brothers, and was born in
5ew Gork1 Dne parent is a teacher and the other is a postman1 Bf you
asked Ailly to tell us about herself, she would most likely say she
') has two brothers1
() comes from a 2lack family1
)) born in 5ew Gork1
D) one parent is a teacher1
1
,
<hich country had the highest conformity percentage when Asch>s
conformity e9periment was conducted o*erseas@
') &ebanon
() )ong Cong
)) the 2antu of Limbabwe
D) 2ra'il
1
-
Bncreasing the si'e of a group from 2 to _____is likely to produce the
greatest increase in conformity1
18
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
') !
() 1+
)) 2!
D) 1++
(irectio$ ) .de$tify the follo*i$g+ Choose form the *ords &elo*+ 6rite yo/r a$s*ers o$
the &la$1+
!onformity "cceptance !ompliance
Normative influence !onfederate Reactance
" a$ accomplice of the e,perime$ter+
6 co$formity that i$volves p/&licly acti$g i$ accord *ith social
press/re *hile privately disagreei$g+ %&edie$ce is acti$g i$ accord
*ith a direct order+
1 co$formity &ased o$ a perso$9s desire to f/lfill others9
e,pectatio$s, ofte$ to gai$ accepta$ce+
2 co$formity that i$volves &oth acti$g a$d &elievi$g i$ accord *ith
social press/re+
<17 a motive to protect or restore o$e9s se$se of freedom+
Reacta$ce arises *he$ someo$e threate$s o/r freedom of actio$+
<27 =he desire to assert o$e9s se$se of freedom+
! a cha$ge i$ &ehavior or &elief as a res/lt of real or imagi$ed
gro/p press/re+
-hapter $
.irection / Answer the following completely1
11 Bdentify the two paths to persuasion1
21 .escribe communicator characteristics that contribute to e=ecti*e
communication1
10
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
31 09plain how the content of the message in7uences its e=ecti*eness1
1 .escribe the e=ects of di=erent channels of communication1
!1 Bdentify characteristics of the audience that in7uence susceptibility
to persuasion1
24
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
(1 .iscuss the persuasion principles utili'ed in cult indoctrination1
$1 09plain how people may resist persuasion1
$"tliple )hoice 0"i1
1 According to the te9t, from 1%$#41%%1 support for the mari:uana>s
legali'ation among new collegians dropped from
') !+ to 21 percent1
() (! to 3% percent1
)) #1 to !( percent1
D) 1 to 11 percent1
2 Persuasion that occurs when interested people focus on the
arguments and respond with fa*orable thoughts is
') channel route persuasion1
() peripheral route persuasion1
)) rational route persuasion1
D) central route persuasion1
21
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
3 Persuasion that occurs when people are in7uenced by incidental
clues is
') indirect route persuasion1
() channel route persuasion1
)) peripheral persuasion1
D) incidental route persuasion1
4 A delayed impact of a message that occurs when we remember the
message but forget a reason for discounting it is
') discounting e=ect1
() forgetting e=ect1
)) channel e=ect1
D) sleeper e=ect1
* -ommunicators who talk fast and are straightforward are likely to
be percei*ed as
') manipulati*e1
() credible1
)) untrustworthy1
D) attracti*e1
+ )a*ing ;ualities that appeal to an audience is
') credibleness1
() attracti*eness1
)) the primary e=ect1
D) the central e=ect1
, People who argue against their own self4interest
') are *iewed as distorting the truth1
() are e=ecti*e with an unintelligent audience but not an
intelligent one1
)) are *iewed as inconsistent and thus lose their in7uence1
D) are *iewed as more credible1
- 8he e=ect of fear4arousing communication is
') fear renders the communication ine=ecti*e1
() a low le*el of fear is e=ecti*e, but a high le*el is
counter producti*e1
)) generally the more fear people feel, the more e=ecti*e
the communication1
D) e=ecti*e only with women1
. Df the following, which has been shown to in7uence the impact a
discrepant message has on an audience@
') communicator attracti*eness
() communication channel
)) communicator credibility
D) the gender of the audience
1/ Dther things being e;ual, information presented 6rst that usually
has the most in7uence is called
') 6rst channel e=ect1
() primacy e=ect1
)) 6rst time e=ect1
22
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
D) courtroom e=ect1
11 Bnformation presented last that sometimes has the most in7uence
is called
') delayed 6rst4time e=ect1
() re*erse e=ect1
)) recency e=ect1
D) second message e=ect1
12 8he way a message is deli*ered is called
') e=ecti*eness phenomenon1
() channel of communication1
)) ad*ertising phenomenon1
D) the style e=ect1
13 8he process by which media in7uence occurs through opinion
leaders, who in turn in7uence others, is called
') channels of communication1
() the media e=ect1
)) the opinion leaders phenomenon1
D) the two4step 7ow of communication1
14 8he mass media>s in7uence is most e=ecti*e on
') deeply held beliefs1
() political *alues1
)) matters of ob:ecti*e fact1
D) minor issues1
1* According to the te9t, which group is more trusting in relation to
cults@
') lower4class -aucasian youths
() upper4class youths
)) lower4class 2lack youths
D) middle4class -aucasian youths
1+ 09posing people to weak attacks upon their attitudes so that when
stronger attacks come, they will ha*e refutations a*ailable is called
') the weak attack phenomenon1
() the strong attack phenomenon1
)) attitude inoculation1
D) attitude protection1
1, <hich age group is most open to a cult>s message@
') under 2!
() between 21 and 2!
)) between 2! and 3!
D) o*er 3!
.irection / Bdentify the following1 -hoose form the words below1 <rite
your answers on the blank1
Recency effect !ulture #rimacy effect
"ttitude inoculation #ersuasion !ult
leeper effect "ttractiveness !redibility
2
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
" the process &y *hich a message i$d/ces cha$ge i$ &eliefs, attit/des, or
&ehaviors+
6 &elieva&ility+ A credi&le comm/$icator is perceived as &oth e,pert a$d
tr/st*orthy+
7 i$formatio$ prese$ted last sometimes has the most i$fl/e$ce+ Rece$cy effects
are less commo$ tha$ primacy effects+
1 e,posi$g people to *ea1 attac1s /po$ their attit/des so that *he$ stro$ger
attac1s come1 they *ill have ref/tatio$s availa&le+
2 other thi$gs &ei$g e;/al, i$formatio$ prese$ted first /s/ally has the most
i$fl/e$ce+
havi$g ;/alities that appeal to a$ a/die$ce+ A$ appeali$g comm/$icator <ofte$
someo$e similar to the a/die$ce7 is most pers/asive o$ matters of s/&'ective
prefere$ce+
! a delayed impact of a message+ %cc/rs *he$ a$ i$itially disco/$ted message
&ecomes effective, as *e remem&er the message &/t forget the reaso$ for
disco/$ti$g it+
6 a gro/p typically characteri>ed &y <17 disti$ctive rit/al a$d &eliefs related to its
devotio$ to a god or a perso$1 <27 isolatio$ from the s/rro/$di$g ?evil@ c/lt/re,
a$d <7 a charismatic leader+ <A sect, &y co$trast, is a spi$ off from a ma'or
religio$+7
-hapter #
.irection/ Answer the following ;uestions correctly1
11 .e6ne a group1
21 .iscuss how we are a=ected by the presence of others1
2!
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
31 Bdentify the conditions under which social loa6ng is likely to occur1
1 .escribe the psychological state of Jdeindi*iduation1J
!1 .e6ne and e9plain group polari'ation1
2"
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
(1 .iscuss the causes, symptoms, and pre*ention of Jgroupthink1J
7+ .de$tify the factors that stre$gthe$ mi$ority i$fl/e$ce a$d descri&e effective
leadership+
$"tliple )hoice 0"i1
1 8wo or more people who interact with and in7uence one another
are called
') coactors1
() a group1
)) social facilitators1
D) groupthink1
2 People working simultaneously and indi*idually on a
noncompetiti*e task are called
') social facilitators1
() coactors1
)) group1
D) collecti*e1
3 According to the te9t, the presence of others impro*ed people>s
e?ciency at
26
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
') doing comple9 multiplication problems1
() learning a foreign language1
)) learning nonsense words1
D) crossing out designated letters1
4 <hen people are present, we tend to
') perspire less1
() ha*e a higher heart beat1
)) breathe slower1
D) ha*e lower blood pressure1
* 8he concern for how others are e*aluating us is
') self4protection e*aluation1
() ego e*aluation1
)) e*aluation apprehension1
D) social e*aluation1
+ <hich of the following is not true for groups@
') Group members work less hard on additi*e tasks1
() Group members percei*e themsel*es as working :ust as
hard in the group or indi*idually1
)) A group situation decreases e*aluation concerns1
D) Bndi*idual e=ort increases as the si'e of the group
increases1
, According to the te9t, in the 3o*iet Inion, peasants> pri*ate plots
accounted for ____ percent of the land and _____ percent of the food
output1
') 1+, 22
() 1, 2$
)) 2, 1#
D) 13, 22
- 8he loss of self4awareness and e*aluation apprehension is called
') the singleton e=ect1
() the group awareness e=ect1
)) deindi*iduation1
D) group polari'ation1
. People in groups loaf less when
') the task is routine1
() they are with strangers1
)) the task is challenging1
D) they are in an unfamiliar setting1
1/ .eindi*iduation shows that a group e9perience that diminishes self4
consciousness also tends to
') disconnect their beha*ior from their attitudes1
() decrease their emotional arousal1
)) increase their feelings of self4esteem1
D) increase their sensiti*ity to social e9pectations1
11 3tudies of risky shift e*entually led to the formulation of
') social facilitation theory1
27
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
() group polari'ation hypothesis1
)) the reactance e=ect1
D) the di=usion of responsibility e=ect1
12 A false impression of how other people are feeling is a
') pluralistic ignorance1
() in*alid social comparison1
)) cogniti*e dissonance1
D) social in7uence1
13 Group discussion
') weakens the initial dominant point of *iew1
() enhances pluralistic ignorance1
)) weakens informational in7uence1
D) enhances risk taking1
14 <hich of the following is not a symptom of groupthink@
') an illusion of in*ulnerability
() free riders
)) self4censorship
D) rationali'ation
1* <ho would be considered coactors@
') two people playing tennis
() four women in a reading circle
)) 2+ people in a 1+C race
D) two children playing checkers
1+ According to the te9t, if a minority :udges blue slides to be green
') it has no e=ect on the :udgments of the ma:ority1
() females but not males of the ma:ority will occasionally
agree1
)) members of the ma:ority will occasionally agree1
D) males but not females of the ma:ority will occasionally
agree1
1, According to the te9t, a minority member who ___________ is
persuasi*e1
') argues realistically
() has defected from the ma:ority
)) wa*ers
D) appears impatient
1- 8he process by which certain group members moti*ate and guide
the group is called
') leadership1
() group dynamics1
)) social control1
D) social facilitation1
1. Groupthink is happening when members desire
') control1
() freedom1
)) harmony1
D) power1
2/ <hich of the following would be considered a group as de6ned by
the te9t@
') 1++ people waiting for an airplane to land
() si9 people at a ta9i stand
28
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
)) 3+ people watching a mo*ie
D) two people taking water samples
.irection / Bdentify the following1 -hoose form the words below1 <rite
your answers on the blank1
!onformity Free riders !o$actors
ocial loafing %roup %roup polari&ation
ocial facilitation ocial comparison %roup thin'
#luralistic ignorance (eadership Deindividuation
1 M8he mode of thinking that persons engage in when
concurrence4seeking becomes so dominant in a cohesi*e
in4group that it tends to o*erride realistic appraisal of
alternati*e courses of action 1M 4lr*ingNanis H1%$1)1
! two or more people who, for longer than a few moments,
interact with and in7uence one another and percei*e one
another as Mus
# H1) original meaning4the tendency of people to perform
simple or well4learned tasks better when others are present
H2) current meaning4strengthening of dominant Hpre*alent,
likely) responses owing to the presence of others1
1+ the process by which certain group members moti*ate
and guide the group1
2 a false impression of how other people are thinking,
feeling, or responding1
3 the tendency for people to e9ert less e=ort when they
pool their e=orts toward a common goal than when they
are indi*idually accountable1
co4participants working indi*idually on a noncompetiti*e
acti*ity
20
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
! group4produced enhancement of membersO pree9isting
tendenciesF a strengthening of the membersO a*erage
tendency, not a split within the group1
( loss of self4awareness and e*aluation apprehension,
occurs in group situations that foster responsi*eness to
group norms, good or bad1
$ e*aluating oneOs abilities and opinions by comparing
oneself to others1
% people who bene6t from the group but gi*e little in
return1
Practice $i&erm 23am
1 <hile sociology studies __________, social psychology focuses
on __________1
')
people in groupsF indi*iduals
()
societiesF groups
)) how indi*iduals a=ect each otherF di=erences among
indi*iduals
D)
societyF beha*ior
2 <hen Nill attended a con*ention recently, she beha*ed in a
manner that seemed totally out of character for her1 3ocial
psychologists would likely attribute her inconsistent beha*ior
to
')
pre*iously inhibited personal attitudes1
()
her repressed personality1
))
deeply rooted biological factors1
D)
social in7uences1
3 As a social psychologist, Nack will most likely be aware that
') social psychology is a collection of 6ndings about social
beha*ior1
()
social psychologists are highly ob:ecti*e1
))
social psychologists are in7uenced by their *alues1
D) *alues are more likely to di=er across cultures than o*er
time1
4
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
4 JAhaPJ declared ,obert1 JB knew all along that better educated
soldiers su=er fewer ad:ustment problems than less educated
soldiers1J ,obert is e9hibiting the
')
foresight bias1
()
hindsight bias1
))
self4ser*ing bias1
D)
con6rmation bias1
* ,esearchers hypothesi'e that people who dri*e 3IEs are
bullies1 ,esearchers set up a hidden camera by a four4point
stop sign and obser*e what kind of carQdri*er is more likely to
stop fully andQor not yield to the other dri*er>s right4of4way1
<hat kind of study is this@
')
a laboratory e9periment
()
6eld research
))
a case study
D)
a correlational study
+ ,esearchers e9amined the e=ects of the number of bystanders on
people>s likelihood of helping a stranger in distress1 0ither alone or
in the company of others, a sub:ect witnessed an indi*idual in need
of help1 ,esearchers then measured how likely the sub:ect was to
help the distressed indi*idual1 Bn this e9ample, the number of
bystanders would be the
')
independent *ariable1
()
dependent *ariable1
))
random *ariable1
D)
confounding *ariable1
, ,esearchers were interested in the relationship between the
amount of aggressi*e media watched and obser*able acts of
aggressi*e beha*ior by children towards others1 8hey
separated sub:ects into three groups/ group one watched !
hours a week of aggressi*e mediaF group two watched 1+
hours a week of aggressi*e mediaF and group three watched
1! hours of aggressi*e media1 ,esearchers then polled the
parents or teachers on the child>s obser*able aggressi*e
beha*ior1 Bn this e9ample, aggressi*e beha*ior would be the
')
independent *ariable1
()
dependent *ariable1
))
random *ariable1
D)
confounding *ariable1
- Aary and 3te*e were getting di*orced1 8he fact that each
attributed most of their marital problems to the other
demonstrates how
')
self concerns moti*ate social beha*ior1
()
social relationships help de6ne who we are1
))
self4interest colors our social :udgment1
D) we tend to belie*e that our emotions can be easily read
by others1
. Ainority groups often de6ne themsel*es by attending to
')
similarities between themsel*es and the ma:ority group1
() the way they are presented in the media as the primary
guide to their identity1
))
di=erences between themsel*es and the ma:ority group1
1
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
D)
the similarities they ha*e with other minority groups1
1
/
Lachary has nightmares about being homeless when he grows
upF Renia dreams of becoming a famous ballerina1 8hese
images represent Lachary and Renia>s
')
possible sel*es1
()
self4concepts1
))
self4schemas1
D)
social identities1
1
1
Gou left high school with a 31# GPA and ha*e always belie*ed
you were Jmuch smarter than the a*erage bear1J 5ow you are
in a college where e*eryone had a 31# GPA in high school and
great 3A8 scores1 3uddenly you are struggling to keep up with
the pack and feel less and less intelligent as the semesters go
by1 8his is due to
')
social identity1
()
the social comparison e=ect1
))
self4reference e=ects1
D)
the looking4glass self phenomenon1
1
2
George )erbert Aead belie*ed that our self4concept is
based on
')
how others see us1
()
our sense of accomplishment1
))
how we imagine others see us1
D)
the praise we recei*e from others1
1
3
People in "lorida know that hurricanes happen often
during the hurricane season1 "or this reason, at the
beginning of the hurricane season they buy supplies to
make sure they can protect their property and families1
8his planning and preparedness illustrates
')
an e9ternal locus of control1
()
high self4monitoring1
))
high self4e?cacy1
D)
an internal locus of control1
1
4
After a test in which you get an A, you e9plain that you
studied hard and deser*ed it1 Get after you fail the ne9t
test, you e9plain that you failed because you were out
partying the night before, your roommate woke you up
early, you felt sick, etc1 8his is an e9ample of
')
high self4monitoring1
()
the actorQobser*er e=ect1
2
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
))
the fundamental attribution error1
D)
the self4ser*ing bias1
34 Goung immigrant children often prefer the language and
norms of their new peer culture1 8his is because
')
the parents make them speak the language1
()
they want to pretend they>re not immigrants1
))peer groups ha*e more in7uence in transmitting
culture1
D)
the norm demands it1
3* Gou go out to dinner with three of your good friends1
"riends 1 and 2 order dessert1 5e9t, "riend 3 orders
dessert1 <hen the waiter gets to you, e*en though you
are dieting, you order dessert1 <hy@
')
conformity
()
compliance
))
obedience
D)
persuasion
3+ 8he JteacherQlearnerJ paradigm, which has been
e9tensi*ely used by researchers to in*estigate a *ariety
of phenomena, was used by
')
Asch to in*estigate conformity1
()
Ailgram to in*estigate obedience1
))
2andura to in*estigate social learning theory1
D)
Limbardo to in*estigate the power of the situation1
3, Ailgram>s study was critici'ed for
')
being unscienti6c1
()
not producing any useable data1
))
being unethical1
D)not furthering the understanding of human beha*ior1

AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm

Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
3
-
Groups often re:ect people who consistently de*iate
from social roles1 8hese people appear to be una=ected
by
')
pro9imal in7uence1
()
normati*e in7uence1
))
informational in7uence1
D)
;ualitati*e in7uence1
3
.
Bf your parents tell you that you can>t drink until you are
21, you may well go out drinking before then1
Psychologists refer to this as
')
repression1
()
catharsis1
))
reactance1
D)
reaction formation1
4
/
)umans not only want to be di=erent from Ja*erage4
othersJ but, more importantly, they wish to be 20880,
than Ja*erage4others1J 8his is due to
')
the self4ser*ing bias1
()
the fundamental attribution error1
))
the actorQobser*er e=ect1
D)
self4presentation1
4
1
3ocial psychologists are most likely to study persuasion
using
')
6eld studies1
()
brief, controlled e9periments1
))
correlational studies1
D)
long, controlled e9periments1
4
2
<hen people are presented with information, and they
are naturally analytical or the information is highly
in*ol*ing, they are likely to be persuaded *ia the
__________ route to persuasion1 <hen people are not
engaged with the information, or they tend to make snap
:udgments, they are more likely persuaded *ia the
__________ route1
')peripheralF central
!
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
()
elaborati*eF peripheral
))
centralF peripheral
D)
centralF elaborati*e
4
3
A small town used a *ariety of strategies o*er a si94
month period to persuade the residents to stop smoking1
At the end of si9 months, there appeared to be no
reduction in cigarette sales1 )owe*er, a sur*ey one year
later showed a signi6cant reduction in cigarette sales
which demonstrates
')
the sleeper e=ect1
()
the power of using a peripheral route to persuasion1
))
the power of using a central route to persuasion1
D)
use of social persuasion1
4
4
,esearch on persuasion suggests that
')people are not generally in7uenced by
attracti*eness1
()people are not generally in7uenced by speaker
credibility1
))
people tend to be in7uenced by speaker likeability1
D)people are not generally in7uenced by attracti*eness
when arguments are emotional1
4
*
<hich of the following messages is 5D8 likely to be as
persuasi*e as the others@
')Aessages con*eyed by popular and attracti*e
communicators1
()Aessages that appear to be designed to change our
attitudes1
))
Aessages that arouse strong emotions1
D)Aessages presented by communicators who appear
to be credible e9perts1
4
+
Eirginia ,ichards is running for public o?ce1 <hich
strategy is most likely to help her win the election@
')
repeated media e9posure
()
passi*e appeals
))
e9ploiting the recency e=ect
D)
massi*e mailings to registered *oters
"
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
4
,
)istorically, social facilitation referred
')to both impro*ements and detriments to
performance1
()
only to detriments in performance1
))
only to impro*ed performance1
D)to an e=ect seen only when more than 1+ people
were present1
4- La:onc argues that social facilitation leads to arousal which
enhances
')
performance1
()
the dominant response1
))
the submissi*e response1
D)
the self4presentation response1
4. <hen Bngham H1%$) told students they were pulling on a
rope alone, or that two to 6*e people behind them were
pulling as well, he found that they pulled hardest when
')
they belie*ed they were pulling with two people1
()
they belie*ed they were pulling with three people1
)) they belie*ed they were pulling with four or 6*e
people1
D)
they belie*ed they were pulling alone1
*/ Aarcos will be meeting with a group of his employees to
design a sensiti*e strategy for working with highly
con6dential information1 8o a*oid problems with
groupthink, he should
')
encourage critical e*aluation1
()
immediately present his position1
)) keep the group working together throughout the
whole designing process1
D)
discourage input from people outside the group1
Practice 8i$al 3,am
1
%$e of the ce$tral ideas of social psychology is
A)
$at/ral selectio$ shapes &ehavior+
B)
adaptatio$ is ce$tral to &ehavior+
C)
social str/ct/re a$d orga$i>atio$ are esse$tial to h/ma$ developme$t+
D)
attit/des shape &ehavior+
2
Amo$g the 2&ig ideas2 that are importa$t to social psychologists *ith regard
to social relatio$s is that
A)
social &ehavior is also &iological &ehavior+
B)
*e co$str/ct o/r o*$ social reality+
C)
social i$fl/e$ces shape &ehavior+
D)
dispositio$s shape &ehavior+
3
%$e reaso$ yo/ may $ot st/dy so hard for yo/r first test i$ this class is
&eca/se
6
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
A)
yo/ &elieve yo/ are too smart for the class+
B)
yo/ *a$t to fail o/t of school+
C)
*ho cares a&o/t APA a$y*ayB
D)
social psychology seems o&vio/s &eca/se of the hi$dsight &ias+
4
6ho is most li1ely to as1 2Co* do &rai$, mi$d, a$d &ehavior f/$ctio$
together as o$e coordi$ated systemB2
A)
a$ evol/tio$ary psychologist
B)
a social psychologist
C)
a social $e/roscie$tist
D)
a &iological psychologist
5
Researcher Dohl Eerg arg/es that a child-s ge$der developme$t is directly
related to hisFher cog$itive developme$t+ =his o&servatio$ is called a<$7
A)
hypothesis+
B)
theory+
C)
fact+
D)
e,perime$t+
35
A cha$ge i$ &ehavior or &elief that res/lts from real or imagi$ed gro/p
press/re is referred to &y social psychologists as
A)
accepta$ce+
B)
o&edie$ce+
C)
co$formity+
D)
complia$ce+
36
After Marily$ Mo$roe-s s/icide, there *ere 244 more s/icides i$ the
G$ited States tha$ *as typical+ =his *as d/e the s/spected effects of
A)
mass hysteria+
B)
mass destr/ctio$+
C)
mass s/ggesti&ility+
D)
mass ig$ora$ce+
37
Co* did the o&edie$ce o&served i$ Milgram-s st/dy differ from the
co$formity o&served i$ Asch-s st/dyB
A) =here *as a$ e,pressed comma$d i$ Milgram-s st/dy &/t
$ot i$ the Asch st/dy+
B)
Complia$ce too1 precede$ce over commo$ se$se+
C) =he participa$ts *ere press/red to go agai$st their o*$
co$scie$ce+
D) Milgram-s st/dy, &/t $ot Asch-s, demo$strated the po*er of
the sit/atio$+
38
6hich lesso$ a&o/t evil do *e lear$ from Milgram-s researchB
A)
3vil res/lts from a fe* depraved people+
B)
Most people resist performi$g evil acts o$ moral gro/$ds
C) Social forces ca$ i$d/ce ordi$ary people to e$gage i$ evil
acts+
7
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
D)
3vil /s/ally i$volves a co$scio/s i$te$t+
39
Co$cer$ for social image i$volves HHHHHHHHHH i$fl/e$ce: the desire to
&e correct i$volves HHHHHHHHHH i$fl/e$ce+
A)
$ormative: i$formatio$al+
B)
;/alitative: pro,imal+
C)
i$formatio$al: $ormative+
D)
pro,imal: ;/alitative+
40
Shelley-s mother i$sists that Shelly come directly home after school+
.$stead, i$ a$ effort to protect her se$se of freedom, Shelley goes to the
mall *ith her frie$ds after school, demo$strati$g *hat social
psychologists call
A)
the &oomera$g effect+
B)
devia$ce+
C)
reactio$ formatio$+
D)
reacta$ce+
41
Pers/asio$ is
A)
the process &y *hich a message i$d/ces attit/de cha$ge+
B) a cha$ge i$ &ehavior or &elief as a res/lt of real or
imagi$ed gro/p press/re+
C) the process &y *hich a message i$d/ces a cha$ge i$
&ehavior+
D) a cha$ge i$ &ehavior or &elief as a res/lt of a direct order
from someo$e+
42
6hich of the follo*i$g is more li1ely to prod/ce cha$geB
A)
ela&orative ro/te pers/asio$
B)
peripheral ro/te pers/asio$
C)
implicit ro/te pers/asio$
D)
ce$tral ro/te pers/asio$
43
Jaime-s mother died of a smo1i$g5related ill$ess+ Ce is $o* ferve$tly
a$ti5smo1i$g &eca/se of the stro$g emotio$al compo$e$t of his attit/de+
6hat type of a$ti5smo1i$g message is he more li1ely to &e pers/aded
&yB
A)
a credi&le comm/$icator
B)
a$ attractive comm/$icator
C)
the reciprocity factor
D)
a$ emotio$al appeal
8
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
44
Pers/asio$ HHHHHHHHHH as the sig$ifica$ce a$d familiarity of the iss/e
HHHHHHHHHH+
A)
decreases: i$creases+
B)
stays the same: i$creases+
C)
i$creases: decreases+
D)
i$creases: stays the same+
45
3lle$ is r/$$i$g for Co$gress+ Cer &est strategy for getti$g votes *o/ld
&e to
A)
get a lot of e,pos/re o$ televisio$ a$d radio+
B)
do several mass maili$gs+
C)
go door5to5door a$d tal1 to voters perso$ally+
D)
get e$dorseme$ts from i$c/m&e$t politicia$s+
46
Credi&ility is
A)
the same as li1i$g+
B)
perceived e,pertise a$d tr/st*orthi$ess+
C)
the same as attractive$ess+
D)
ho* li1ely yo/ are to &e pers/aded &y someo$e+
47
=he &est *ay to &/ild resista$ce to &rai$ *ashi$g &y religio/s c/lts is
A) stro$ger i$doctri$atio$ i$ o$e-s c/rre$t religio/s &elief
system+
B) teachi$g childre$ a&o/t c/lts a$d helpi$g them prepare
co/$ter pers/asive appeals+
C)
i$stilli$g fear of p/$ishme$t for a&a$do$i$g their faith+
D)
teachi$g them to e,plore a *ide variety of &elief systems+
48
Social facilitatio$ is the te$de$cy for the prese$ce of others
A)
to affect o/r li1elihood to help+
B)
to stre$gthe$ domi$a$t respo$ses+
C)
to o$ly impair o/r performa$ce+
D)
to o$ly improve o/r performa$ce+
49
=he domi$a$t respo$se, Ia'o$c arg/es,
A) sho/ld &oost performa$ce o$ easy tas1s a$d h/rt
performa$ce o$ diffic/lt tas1s+
B)
sho/ld al*ays lead to a$ improveme$t i$ performa$ce+
C) sho/ld &oost performa$ce o$ diffic/lt tas1s a$d h/rt
performa$ce o$ easy tas1s+
D)
sho/ld i$crease ho* the performer feels+
50
6he$ yo/ perform a tas1 i$ fro$t of others *ho are &li$dfolded, social
facilitatio$ effects are void+ =his fi$di$g s/pports *hich theory of social
facilitatio$B
A)
social facilitatio$+
B)
distractio$5co$flict+
0
AJSS Psychology Rev for Midterm
Chapter 1, 6, 7, 8
C)
eval/atio$ apprehe$sio$+
D)
mere prese$ce effects+
51
Ee$, a ;/iet yo/$g ma$, *e$t to a heavy metal roc1 co$cert+ =he large
cro*d &ega$ to scream a$d stomp their feet *he$ the m/sicia$s came
o$ stage+ Ee$ 'oi$ed i$ as he lost his se$se of a*are$ess+ =his is a$
e,ample of
A)
deh/ma$i>atio$+
B)
dei$divid/atio$+
C)
deperso$ali>atio$+
D)
mass hysteria+
52
Ca$ social loafi$g &e red/cedB
A)
Jo, social loafi$g is i$evita&le+
B)
yes &y havi$g females *or1 o$ the tas1+
C)
yes &y ma1i$g i$divid/al-s *or1 ide$tifia&le+
D) yes &y doi$g research i$ co/$tries other tha$ the G$ited
States+
53
=he phe$ome$o$ of ris1y shift is the fi$di$g
A) that gro/p decisio$s are ofte$ ris1ier o$ce gro/pthi$1 sets
i$+
B) that i$divid/al decisio$s are ofte$ ris1ier tha$ gro/p
decisio$s+
C)
that i$divid/als help less *he$ others are aro/$d+
D) that gro/p decisio$s ofte$ e$co/rage ris1ier actio$s tha$
i$divid/al decisio$s+
54
=he symptoms of gro/pthi$1 are
A)
a collective form of disso$a$ce red/ctio$+
B)
a form of social loafi$g+
C)
a form of social facilitatio$+
D)
al*ays a $egative i$fl/e$ce o$ gro/p decisio$s+
55
Accordi$g to J/ssim, McCa/ley, a$d #ee <100"7, stereotypes
A)
are almost al*ays $egative+
B)
are i$acc/rate ge$erali>atio$s+
C)
may &e positive or $egative &/t are al*ays i$acc/rate+
D) may &e positive or $egative a$d may &e acc/rate or
i$acc/rate+
!4