Context:

The shift of industrial pattern to knowledge base economy from the late 20
th
century to 21
st
century
is changing the structure of the cities rapidly. We saw these changes in almost all the cities in the
world in period of time. But the phenomenal growth of city in developing countries in this period of
shift of economy creating informalities in developing countries, We can identify this in Brazil, China,
India, Korea and most of other developing countries. These countries are new rising economy in the
world. The result is changing cities physical, economical and social structure resulting in urban
agglomerations. In recent years the rate of urbanisation is high, and prediction of being 75%of
world population within two decades. The graph shows 15 largest cities in world in which 11 cities
are from developing countries.


Largest Cities in the World.

But the question of new knowledge base economy is changing the work-living pattern of the city. If
we study the physical city growth pattern during industrialization period,
Star shape (1903)- development occurs along transit lines, radial pattern
Concentric zones (1925) - radical growth creating concentric zones
Zones: central business district core, area of transition, area of workingmen's homes, area of
better housing, commuter zone, land use related to socio-economic status, varies directly with
distance from city core, developed concept of ''invasion and succession", filter or "trickling down"
model, conservative, liberal, socialist views on housing and regional development.

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Sector theory-(1939)
Radial growth along transportation routes by sector
Related growth of high rent/cost residential district to:
Tendency to proceed along established lines of travel, tendency towards high ground, tendency
towards open countrysides, rather than "dead-ends", tendency towards established homes of
community leaders, tendency to continue in the same direction for a long time, significant as model
used by U.S. federal housing authority (and cmhc), hence a self-fulfilling prophecy, Hoyt replicated
study in 1966 and found similar patterns,
Multiple nuclei theory (1945)
Growth occurs around distinct nuclei or growth centres
Factors involved: certain activities require specialized, facilities eg. Heavy industry & railways, like
activities tend to group together, unlike activities tend to be incompatible; certain activities cannot
afford high rents

But all these planning theory was based on the Heavy industries which had problems of pollution
and need big blocks. In case of developing countries the time period was from 1950 to 1990 for such
industrial pattern but now it is changing rapidly with the global competitions of knowledge base
economy. These countries still use the SEZ pattern for new development of industries resulting in
the peripheral growth. To this growth new investment for transportation and other services is
required and this will again create new development near these transport lines like it happened in
development of London. The problem with such development in this time period is rate of
urbanization is high and population is high. So the cities are going to grow enormously.


Introduction:

1) The question of sustainability of the peripheral growth of developing cities?
Taking account of the world context of economy, the question is should the cities grow
consuming large amount of land? For example; In case of Hanoi Biotech which is going to consume
large amount of agricultural land, at the same time it is all peripheral development which need new
transport and other services. Looking at the past development in South East Asia, like Korea, Hanoi is
going to lose its large amount of agriculture land in the periphery. The question is, will it be a
suitable development or there are any other alternative solutions which will help to reduce the
outward physical growth of city.
2) ISit possible to grow city within its parameter?
Certainly with new type of industries there is shift in the structure of work-live pattern, now
we can think of new mix use building types which will help to reduce distance between the
work and home. So the question is can we concentrate new development within the city
region. Most of the developing cities have city core which are not use efficiently to its
maximum density and at the same time they are suffering from transportation and poor
living conditions. So we need to regenerate these city cores to make it more efficient in its
physical, economical and social structure.
3) Rather than Developingnew transport and other services for new peripheral growth, how
can we invest it for developingnew building typology within the city parameter which will
integrate with city more efficiently.
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