Sl.No. Description Page No. 01 Cover Sheet 01 02 Index 02 03 Preface 03 04 Foreword 04 05 Approval Sheet 05 06 Important Note 06 07 Status of Amendments 07 08 Table of Contents 08
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PREFACE
Construction activities at field are dominated by welding processes for assembly and building critical products like boiler, boiler auxiliaries, electrostatic precipitator and piping. Various welding processes are adopted at the field based on the product requirements and reliability of the welds.
This document has been prepared to provide basic guidelines to all construction personnel in ensuring effective process management of welding and allied activities. The various aspects of process control covering the stages of planning & preparation for welding, controls during welding and post welding requirements are brought out in the form of specifications, norms and procedures/instructions in this document. This manual has been updated to reflect the newer materials and processes developed by BHEL.
The requirements specified in this document are based on the relevant codes/ specifications like IBR, ASME and AWS and also consolidates the experience of BHEL good welding practices based on more than three decades of manufacturing and erection. The document also provides DO s and DONT s for the benefit of users, which would help in better process control and prevention of defects.
I am sure that this Manual would enable the construction activities in a big way to manage their welding processes effectively to produce defect free quality.
A.V. Krishnan General Manager (Corporate Quality) 4
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F O R E W O R D
The present revision of the Heat Treatment Manual has been made with the contribution from a team of BHEL Engineers having long experience in the areas like Construction Management, Quality, Welding Technology & Heat treatment of manufacturing units and Power sector. In this revision, the comments / suggestions offered by Power Sector / Regions, BHEL HPBP Trichy, Piping Centre, HPEP Hyderabad & HEEP Haridwar and the minimum requirements of reference codes have been taken care. This manual deals with, apart from Heat Treatment requirements for BHEL-Trichy complex, HEEP Haridwar & HPEP Hyderabad packages also. Heat treatment requirements for the new material P91/T91 are dealt in detail for the benefit of site engineers. We hope that the present volume will be very much handy and useful for all our site engineers. Any further feedback or suggestion is welcome to improve upon the the present volume in due course.
Place : Chennai (D.Indran) Date : 09.11.2006 Executive Director Power Sector - Southern Region
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HEAT TREATMENT M A N U A L F O R POWER SECTOR
BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS LIMITED POWER SECTOR / CORPORATE QUALITY
NAME DESIGNATION / DIVISION V.KANDHSAMY AGM/ PSSR QLY, Chennai UM DESHPANDE AGM/ CQ, SECUNDRABAD Dr. K.P.DHANDAPANI DGM / WTC-TIRUCHY P.ELANGOVAN DGM / PC- Chennai A.SUKUMARAN Manager/ SAS Cell - TIRUCHY D.DEVASAHAYAM Manager/ PSSR-QLY, Chennai
PREPARED BY
R.JANARTHANAN Dy. Manager/ PC-Chennai
APPROVED BY
A.V.KRISHNAN
GENERAL MANAGER / CQ, NEW DELHI
DOCUMENT NO. PSQ-HTM-COM R01 / 11 06 ISSUE DATE 13.11.2006 COPY NO. ID No. : 1078 DATE OF ISSUE
CONTROLLED COPY / INFORMATION COPY
ISSUED BY
ISSUED TO :
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I M P O R T A N T
THIS HEAT TREATMENT MANUAL PROVIDES BROAD BASED GUIDELINES FOR HEAT TREATMENT WORK AT SITES. HOWEVER, SITES MUST ENSURE ADHERENCE TO THE PRIMARY DOCUMENTS LIKE CONTRACT DRAWINGS, ERECTION WELDING SCHEDULE, PLANT / CORPORATE STANDARDS, WHEREVER SUPPLIED, STATUTORY DOCUMENTS, WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATIONS, CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS, IF ANY AND SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS ISSUED BY MANUFACTURING UNITS SPECIFIC TO THE PROJECT.
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STATUS OF AMENDMENTS
HEAT TREATMENT MANUAL FOR POWER SECTOR 8 CHAPTER - 1
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter Description Page No.
1 Heat Treatment Procedure - Boiler and Auxiliaries 8-22
2. Compatibility Test for Heat Treatment System 27-28
HEAT TREATMENT MANUAL FOR POWER SECTOR 9 CHAPTER - 1
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CHAPTER-1
HEAT TREATMENT PROCEDURE - BOILER AND AUXILIARIES
HEAT TREATMENT MANUAL FOR POWER SECTOR 10 CHAPTER - 1
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1. HEAT TREATMENT PROCEDURE - BOILER AND AUXILIARIES 1.0 PURPOSE: 1.1 This procedure provides information, method and control for Pre-Heat (PH) and Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of welds at sites. 2.0 DOCUMENT: 2.1 The following documents are referred in preparation of this procedure: 2.1.1 ASME Sec.I 2.1.2 ASME B31.1 2.1.3 Indian Boiler Regulations 2.1.4 AWS D1.1 2.1.5 Welding Manual 2.2 The following are to be referred as Primary Documents: - Contract drawings - Erection Welding Schedule or equivalent - Plant / Corporate standards, where supplied - Welding procedure specification, where supplied - Contractual obligations, if any. 2.2.1 Where parameter for preheating and PWHT are not available in the primary documents, reference may be made to this procedure. 2.2.2 Where such parameters are not contained either in the primary documents or in this procedure, reference may be made to Manufacturing Units. 3.0 PROCEDURE: 3.1 Pre Heating (PH): 3.1.1 When parts of two different thicknesses are welded together, the preheating requirements
HEAT TREATMENT MANUAL FOR POWER SECTOR 11 CHAPTER - 1
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3.1.2 When parts of two different P numbers are joined together, the material requiring higher preheat shall govern (please refer Welding Manual for P numbers). 3.1.3 Preheating shall be checked using thermal chalk (temperature indicating crayons) prior to start of welding as well as at frequent intervals during welding. It is preferable to have a thermocouple and a temperature recorder in case of alloy steels of thickness > 50 mm. 3.1.4 In case of any interruption during welding, preheating temperature shall be maintained at joint by wrapping dry thermal insulating blankets to ensure slow and uniform cooling. 3.1.5 Preheating Methods: 3.1.5.1 Preheating shall be applied by any of the methods given below: a. Electrical resistance heating b. Induction heating c. Oxy-acetylene or other gas torches 3.2 Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT): 3.2.1 The method shall be by locally heating a circumferential band including the entire weld and adjacent area of base metal, by induction or electrical resistance heating. 3.2.2 Heat band for PWHT. 3.2.2.1 For Boilers: a. When heat treating welded joints in components in the boiler proper, width of the heated circumferential band (W) on either side of the weld, W = 3 times the width of the widest part of the weld groove but in no case less than twice the width of weld at reinforcement. b. When used in post weld heat treatment in sections - W = 3 times the plate thickness. c. For nozzle and other welded attachments - W must be wider than the nozzle or attachment or 3 times the wall thickness. 3.2.2.2 For Piping: W = 3 times the wall thickness of thickest part. In case of nozzles and attachment welds, the width of the heat band shall extend beyond the nozzle or the attachment wall on each side by at least twice the higher thickness and shall extend completely around the header.
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3.2.2.3 Other Pressure Vessels: Heat bandwidth, placement of thermocouple, preheat and PWHT information shall be obtained from the supplier. 3.3 Condition of Welded Joints: 3.3.1 The weldment shall be free of grease, oil etc. prior to PH/PWHT. 3.4 Temperature Measurement for PWHT: 3.4.1 Post weld heat treatment temperature shall be measured and monitored by use of thermocouples with calibrated recorders. 3.4.2 The periodicity of calibration of the equipment shall be as per calibration procedure. 3.4.3 Where the soaking temperature is found to be lesser than specified, the PWHT cycle shall be repeated. 3.4.4 In case of interruption during PWHT, the following actions are to be taken, depending on the stage during which interruption occurred. a. Interruption during heating cycle: - The whole operation to be repeated from the beginning. b. Interruption during soaking: - The joint can be treated subsequently for the balance left over soaking period. c. Interruption during cooling: - Ensure slow cooling by covering with insulation to a minimum width of 1.5 times the outer diameter applied equally about the centre line of weld, till the temperature reaches around 300C. 3.5 Thermocouple (t/c) Fixing: 3.5.1 Thermocouples shall be used for recording Post Weld Heat Treatment temperatures. 3.5.1.1 Following are guidelines regarding number and placement of thermocouples: 3.5.1.2 Minimum of two thermocouples per weld. 3.5.1.3 Thermocouples located 180 apart. 3.5.1.4 Thermocouples located at top and bottom of weld. 3.5.1.5 Thermocouples located at a distance of approximately 1.5 times of the wall thickness about the centre line of weld. 3.5.1.6 One point of the 6/12 points recorder shall be used for recording ambient temperature.
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3.5.2 The following guidelines may be used for attaching thermocouples to job: a. For capacitor discharge method: Thermocouple elements should be attached within 6 mm of each other. b. For other type of t/c: Insert the elements in a SS tube of internal diameter approximately 6 mm. Apply force on tube and crimp it. Place this t/c and weld the crimped button to the pipe in area of interest. Do not weld the elements. c. Insulate the t/c leads suitably and protect t/c ends from direct radiation from heating elements. 3.5.3 For Bunched Tubes: 3.5.3.1 Where a bunch of closely placed tube welds (e.g. Super Heater/Reheater Coils) require to be Post Weld Heat Treated, the same shall be grouped together as if they form a single component. 3.5.3.2 In such cases attachment of a minimum of three thermocouples, two at the end tubes and one at the middle is recommended. 3.6 Soaking Time: 3.6.1 Wherever not specified the soaking time shall be as per Tables I, II and III. 3.6.2 The following guidelines shall be used to determine the thickness and subsequent selection of the soaking time of PWHT: a. For butt welds, the thickness shall be the thickness of the material at the weld. For bar stock, the thickness shall be the diameter. b. For fillet welds, the thickness shall be the throat thickness. c. For partial penetration branch welds, the thickness shall be the depth of the groove prior to welding. d. For repairs, the thickness shall be the depth of the groove as prepared for repair welding. e. For combination of different welds in a component, the maximum thickness in the definitions given above shall govern.
3.6.3 Soaking time is to be reckoned from the time temperature of the joint crosses the recommended lower temperature of the cycle, to the time it comes down below the same recommended lower temperature of the cycle. 3.7 Heating and Cooling Rates: 3.7.1 Wherever not specified, the heating rate above 300C and cooling rate after soaking upto 300C shall be as follows: This is applicable for all materials.
HEAT TREATMENT MANUAL FOR POWER SECTOR 14 CHAPTER - 1
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Thickness of Material Maximum Heating Rate Above 300C Maximum Cooling Rate Upto 300C 25 mm > 25 50 mm > 50 75 mm > 75mm 220C/hour 110C/hour 75C/hour 55C/hour 220C/hour 110C/hour 75C/hour 55C/hour *
* For structural - 65C/ hour (Max.) 3.8 Temperature Records: 3.8.1 All the heat treatment cycles may be controlled within 10C around the midpoint of the recommended range of temperature for the material. 4.0 POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT (PWHT) JOB CARD: 4.1 Prior to start of PWHT operations, a job card may be prepared including details of weld reference, soaking time, soaking temperature, maximum rates of heating and cooling, temperature recorder details, date of PWHT as per sample format. 4.2 On completion of PWHT the actuals may be recorded on the job card. 4.3 A chart number shall be given to each chart. 5.0 HEAT TREATMENT OF P-91 WELDS : 5.1 Please refer Welding Manual vide document No. PSQ-WDM-COM for heat treatment of welds in P-91 materials. 5.2 HEAT TREATMENT OF T-91 WELDS: 5.3 Please refer Welding Manual vide document No. PSQ-WDM-COM for heat treatment of welds in T-91 materials
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5.4 HEAT TREATMENT OPERATOR REQUIREMENTS: The operator for the Heat Treatment shall be a qualified Electrician and should be conversant in the operation & maintenance of heat treatment machines & Process. He should be trained properly by the concerned Welding / Electrical Engineer in order to handle/ maintain the machines / process without any trouble / problem. 6.0 LIST OF TABLES: Table-I Weld preheat and PWHT for tubes and pipes outside diameter 102 mm. Table-II Weld preheat and PWHT for Boiler Header welds. Table-III Weld preheat and PWHT for pipes outside diameter > 102 mm. Table-IV P Number and Group Number for Base Materials. Table-V Pre-heat and PWHT for Non-Pressure Parts including Structurals. Table-VI Preheat for Flame Cutting.
7.1 Pertinent Records like Job card, PWHT Charts, shall be maintained.
7.0 RECORDS :
HEAT TREATMENT MANUAL FOR POWER SECTOR 16 CHAPTER - 1
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POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT (PWHT) JOB CARD
Project : ____________________
Card No. : ____________________ Date : ________________________ Unit No. : _____________________ Package : _____________________ Description :___________________ Temp. Recorder Details : Weld Reference : _______________ 1. Make : _____________________ Material Spec. : ________________ 2. Type : _____________________ Size : Dia __________________ mm 3. Sl.No.: _____________________ Thick (t) ______________ mm 4. Chart speed: ________ mm / hour NDE Cleared on :_______________ 5. Calibration Due on : __________ Report No. : _______________
Thermocouple Locations :
Minimum 2 d = 1.5 x t from weld centre Heating Band = 6 x t Insulation Band = 12 x t
Date of PWHT _________________ Chart No. : _____________________ Start Time : ___________________ End Time :_____________________ Required Actual Rate of Heating (Max) C/h
Soaking Temperature C
Soaking Time (Minutes)
Rate of cooling (Max) C
Ambient temperature recorded on the PWHT Chart: ____________
Contractor BHEL Results : Accepted / Not Accepted Released for further processing
HEAT TREATMENT MANUAL FOR POWER SECTOR 17 CHAPTER - 1
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TABLE - I WELD PRE HEAT AND PWHT FOR TUBES & PIPES OUTSIDE DIAMETER 102 mm (Applicable For Butt Welds And Socket Welds)
P. No. of Material Thickness (mm) Preheat C PWHT C P1 Gr 1& SA 106 Gr C (Note 1) 19 Nil Nil 9 Nil Nil P1 Gr 2 > 9 Nil 620 - 650 13 Nil Nil P3 Gr 1 > 13 80 (Note 2) 620 - 650 13 125 Nil (Note 3) P4 Gr 1 > 13 125 650 - 670 8 150 Nil (Note 3) P5 A Gr 1 > 8 150 700 - 750 P5 B Gr 2 All 220 730 - 760 P8 All Nil Nil 12 x 1M All 200 730 - 760
Note 1 : For SA 106 Gr .C with less than 0.25 % carbon content .
Note 2 : Pre-heating is necessary for t>16mm.
Note 3 : Less than 0.15 % carbon content .
HEAT TREATMENT MANUAL FOR POWER SECTOR 18 CHAPTER - 1
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TABLE - II WELD PREHEAT AND PWHT FOR BOILER HEADER WELDS (NOTE - 3) (Applicable For Welding of Header to Header Joints)
P. No. of Header Material Thickness (mm) Preheat C Post Heating C PWHT C t 19 Nil Nil Nil 19 < t 25 Nil Nil 595 - 625 25 < t 75 100 Nil 595 - 625 P1Gr 1
t > 75 150 Nil 595 - 625 t < 19 Nil Nil 620 650 19 < t 25 Nil 150 for 2 hours 620 - 650 19 < t 75 100 150 for 2 hours
620 - 650 P1Gr 2
t > 75 150 150 for 2 hours
620 - 650 P4 Gr 1 All 150 Nil 640 - 670 P5 A (Note 1) All 150 250 for 2 hours 680 - 710 12 x 1M All 200 Nil 710-740 Note : 1. All P5A headers shall be inter stage heat treated at 700 - 750C for 30 minutes soaking prior to any cold straightening operation. In lieu of this, the straightening can be done after final PWHT. Any P5A Header with weld thickness above 50mm requires inter stage H.T. at 700-750C for 30 minutes soaking minimum (max. shall be limited to 2.5 minutes/mm of thickness). 2. Soaking for PWHT shall be at the rate of 1 hour per 25 mm of thickest weld (but not less than 30 minutes for carbon steel and 1 hour for alloy steel). Soaking time for 12 x 1 M header material shall be 4 minutes per mm of the applicable thickness with a minimum of 180 minutes. 3. Seal welding of Hand Hole Plates, Radiographic plugs and Screws can be carried out after final PWHT, provided the preheat is carried out as per the table. 4. For P number and Group number refer Table - IV.
HEAT TREATMENT MANUAL FOR POWER SECTOR 19 CHAPTER - 1
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TABLE - III WELD PREHEAT AND PWHT FOR PIPES OUTSIDE DIAMETER >102 mm BUTT WELDS Stub and Attachment welds Note 1 & 2 Throat 19 mm Throat > 19 mm P No. of Material Thickness (mm) Preheat C PWHT C Preheat C PWHT C Preheat C PWHT C Post heat C (Note 3) 19 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 595 - 625 Nil >1925 Nil 595 - 625 Nil Nil Nil 595 - 625 Nil >2575 150 595 - 625 150 Nil 150 595 - 625 Nil P1 Gr 1 & SA106 Gr C
All 220 750- 770 220 750- 770 220 750- 770 280 for 2 hrs P5B Gr2 + P5 A All 220 730- 760 220 730- 760 220 730- 760 280 for 2 hrs Note : 1. Irrespective of the stub or attachment materials, the PWHT cycle shall be governed by the pipe material. 2. Throat shall be specified in the drawing. Wherever flanges are welded to pipes combined throat shall be taken into consideration. 3. Post heating shall be done immediately after welding.
HEAT TREATMENT MANUAL FOR POWER SECTOR 20 CHAPTER - 1
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4. For butt welds of different P group combinations, PWHT temp. may be as follows: P1 + P3 - 620 to 650C P1 + P4 - 640 to 670C P4 + P5A - 680 to 720C (For other P Group combinations, refer to Engineering) 5. a. For P1 & P3 materials soaking time shall be 1 hour per 25mm up to 50mm thickness and 2 hours + 15 minutes for each 25mm thickness over 50mm. b. For P4 & P5 materials, soaking time shall be 1 hour per 25mm up to 125mm thickness and 5 hours + 15 minutes for each 25mm thickness over 125mm.
6. For P number and Group number refer Table IV.
HEAT TREATMENT MANUAL FOR POWER SECTOR 21 CHAPTER - 1
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TABLE - IV P NUMBER AND GROUP NUMBER FOR BASE MATERIALS
Note : IS1239 & API 5L GR B Pipes, IS2062 Plates may be treated as P No.1 Gr No.1 material.
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TABLE - V PREHEAT AND PWHT FOR NON PRESSURE PARTS INCLUDING STRUCTURALS
Gas Cutting Welding P.No. of Material / Material Specification Thickness (mm) Preheat C Thickness (mm) Preheat C PWHT C P1 / IS 2062 50
> 50 Nil
100 38 > 38 63 > 63 Nil 100 120 600-650 a) All butt welds > 50 mm thick b) Any welds to a tension member IS 8500 540 Ceiling Girder 10< < 200 150 600-650(Soaking time 2.5 Mts. Per mm. Minimum 120 Mts ) P4 25
> 25 Nil
150 All 150 650-700 a) All butt welds in tension member b) All fabricated com- ponents > 16mm thick (Note 3) P5 All 150 All 150 680-730 All welds (Note 4)
NOTE : 1. All gas cut edges may be chipped off, ground or machined to remove the HAZ with 3mm minimum removal. 2. Clip angles above 10mm, used for beam connections, which are sheared to length, shall require heat treatment. 3. All fabricated structural components of P-4 material, with any member above 16mm thickness, the entire assembly shall be post weld heat treated. 4. All welds of P5 material shall be post heated at 250C for 2 hours or 150C for 4 hours immediately following welding. 5. Soaking time shall be as below : a. P1 and P3 materials one hour per 25mm up to 50mm thickness and 2 hours + 15 minutes for each 25mm thickness over 50mm. b. P4 and P5 materials one hour per 25mm up to 125mm thickness and 5 hours + 15 minutes for each 25mm thickness over 125mm.
HEAT TREATMENT MANUAL FOR POWER SECTOR 23 CHAPTER - 1
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TABLE - VI
PREHEAT FOR FLAME CUTTING
P.No. of Material Thickness (mm) Preheat C P1 Gr 1 < 25 Nil (Note 1) 25 100 P1 Gr 2 (Note 1) All 150 P3 (Note 1) > 100 150 P4 (Note 1) All 150 P5 (Note 2) All 150
NOTE : 1. For P1, P3 and P4 materials, when the flame cut edge will be machined after cutting and when no forming operation is required after cutting, no preheat is required for flame cutting. 2. P5 materials, except when the part is scheduled for hot forming, shall be inter stage heat treated at 700-750C for 30 minutes minimum after flame cutting and prior to any welding. As an alternative to this heat treatment, a minimum 3 mm of the gas cut edge may be removed by machining, grinding, chipping, etc.
HEAT TREATMENT MANUAL FOR POWER SECTOR 23 CHAPTER -2
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2. HEAT TREATMENT PROCEDURE -
STEAM TURBINE, TURBO-GENERATOR AND AUXILIARIES
1 Procedure for Post Weld Heat treatment of Pressure Vessel as per ASME code Section VIII, Div.I
Please refer Plant Standard, HEEP, Haridwar - HW 0980814 2 For other Components Please refer Heat treatment Procedure- Boiler and Auxiliaries of Chapter-I
CHAPTER -2
HEAT TREATMENT PROCEDURE -
STEAM TURBINE, TURBO-GENERATOR AND AUXILIARIES
HEAT TREATMENT MANUAL FOR POWER SECTOR 24 CHAPTER -2
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2. HEAT TREATMENT PROCEDURE -
STEAM TURBINE, TURBO-GENERATOR AND AUXILIARIES
1 Procedure for Post Weld Heat treatment of Pressure Vessel as per ASME code Section VIII, Div.I
Please refer Plant Standard, HEEP, Haridwar - HW 0980814 2 For other Components Please refer Heat treatment Procedure- Boiler and Auxiliaries of Chapter-I
HEAT TREATMENT MANUAL FOR POWER SECTOR 25 CHAPTER -3
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CHAPTER - 3
GENERAL
HEAT TREATMENT MANUAL FOR POWER SECTOR 26 CHAPTER -3
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3. GENERAL
1. TESTING OF TEMPERATURE INDICATING CRAYONS
1.0 SCOPE : 1.1 This procedure details the method of batch testing of Temperature indicating Crayons (Thermal chalks).
2.0 PROCEDURE : 2.1 Setup: 2.1.1 Rig a test heating arrangement including a test pipe/plate heating arrangements with controls and a calibrated temperature recorder/thermometer. 2.2 Heat the test pipe / plate (specimen) to a temperature 10 lower than the rated temperature of the thermal chalk in study, monitoring the temperature through thermometer/recorder. 2.3 Stroke the thermal chalk as close to the sensing point on the specimen. 2.4 Raise the temperature of the specimen gradually up to 10% higher than the rated temperature of the thermal chalk in study, stroking the thermal chalk on the specimen during this period. 2.4.1 When the thermal chalk changes to the specified colour or melts (depending on the type), within 5 of the rated temperature, the thermal chalk is acceptable. 2.5 Consistent results for 2% of any brand and temperature will qualify the brand for the rated temperature. 2.6 Where thermal chalks are accepted brand wise, they shall undergo this test at least once a year.
3.0 RETESTS : 3.1 Any failure in the 2% sample chosen, will call for additional 4% for qualification of the brand for the rated temperature. 3.2 Where retest results in further non-acceptance, the brand shall stand rejected for the particular temperature.
4.0 RECORDS : 4.1 Records of testing and brands accepted/rejected including details of calibrated devices used in the setup shall be maintained.
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2. COMPATIBILITY TEST FOR HEAT TREATMENT SYSTEM
1.0 SCOPE :
1.1 This procedure provides for checking the compatibility and accuracy of thermocouples, compensating cables, temperature recorder, connected in Heat Treatment (HT) operations at sites.
2.0 HT TEST SYSTEM :
2.1 The thermocouple (type k-chromal-Alumel is generally used at sites) attached to a test specimen with heating arrangements and controls, compensating cables, a calibrated temperature recorder rigged together for the test HT system. 2.2 A calibrated (accuracy 0.5%) direct-reading thermometer (like a digital thermometer with sensor) is used for verification.
2.0 PROCEDURE :
3.1 Attach the thermocouple as detailed in Chapter I of this manual. 3.2 Raise the temperature of the test specimen to around 200C and maintain the same. 3.3 Place the sensor of the direct reading thermometer as close to the thermocouple junction as possible. 3.4 Wait till the temperature stabilises. 3.5 Note reading of the thermometer and that of the temperature recorder. 3.6 Repeat steps 3.2 to 3.5 for test specimen temperatures of 400C and 600C 3.7 Where the temperature read by the temperature recorder is within 10C with respect to the thermometer, the HT system is compatible. 3.7.1 Where the results are not within the tolerance specified above, further tests are to be repeated to identify the fault either in thermocouple or compensating cable or both. 3.8 Adequate insulation of thermocouple, sensor from direct radiation of heat elements shall be ensured as a precaution throughout the test. 3.9 This compatibility is recommended for each of the thermocouple available for use; this procedure validates the thermocouple also.
4.0 RECORDS :
4.1 Records pertaining to the test, shall be prepared and maintained.
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Compatibility Test for HT System
Site : Report No. Date : Details Temperature Recorder Thermometer Make: Model: Sl. No.: Range:
Test Results Temperature Reading C Sl. No. t/c No. C/C. No. Recorder Thermometer Difference C Results*
Record results (Accepted/Rejected) where rejected, record the faulty component as required by 3.7.1 Witnessed by (Name & Signature)