II
Chandan: Have you seen Pradhan, by any 1) I saw him driving an hour ago =
chance?
(†’¢Ëy-´’Ø√o Pradhan
†’ îª÷¨»¢√?
By any chance = à¢Á’i-Ø√/- à-´’Ø√o îª÷úøôç
ûªô-Æœnç-*çü∆ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ.
Nandan: I think yes. I saw him driving some
where an hour ago. I could have
stopped him, but I didn't like to.
(Å´¤-†-†’-èπ◊çö«. í∫çô éÀçü¿ô car ™
áéπ\-úÕéÓ ¢Á∞¡xôç îª÷¨»†’. ÅûªúÕE Ç°œ
ÖçúÌ-a -é¬F É≠ædç ™‰éπ-§Ú-®·çC.)
(driving = car ™ ¢Á∞¡xôç)
Chandan: Is that so? He said he would see me
today.
(Å™«í¬? †Fo-®ÓV éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ö«-†-Ø√oúø’.)
Nandan: Not just today. In fact I see him drive
down our road everyday at that time.
(Ñ ®Óñ‰ é¬ü¿’. ÅÆæ©’ v°æA-®ÓW ÅüË time
èπ◊ car ™ ÅüË ¢Áj°æ¤ ¢Á∞¡⁄h éπE-°œ-≤ƒhúø’
Ø√èπ◊/ car ™ ¢Á∞¡xúøç îª÷≤ƒh†’ ؈’.)
Chandan: You are right. I heard Pradhan say
that he would go at that time every-
day to attend yoga classes.
(†’´¤y îÁ°œpçC Eï¢Ë’. v°æA-®ÓW Ç
time èπ◊ ßÁ÷í¬ ûª®Ω-í∫-ûª’-©èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡-û√-†E
Åûªúø’ îÁ°æpí¬ NØ√o†’.)
Nandan: O... perhaps that's why I find him
becoming more and more active
nowadays.
(ÅD Ææçí∫A. Åçü¿’-éπØË Åûªúø’ Ñ ´’üµ¿u
active 鬴ôç í∫´’-E-Ææ’hØ√o.)
Chandan: He observed his nephew losing
weight after attending the yoga
classes. So he thought, 'why should-
n't I as well?' and joined the classes.
But I notice him gaining weight. He
is more active as you have said, but
has he lost any weight?
(ÅûªúÕ nephew (= son of a brother or
a sister) yoga classes èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡xôç ûª®√yûª
•®Ω’´¤ ûªí∫_ôç í∫´’-Eç-î√úø’. Åûª-†-†’-
èπ◊-Ø√oúø’, '؈÷ áçü¿’èπ◊ ûªí∫_-èπÿ-úøü¿÷?—
ÅE. Yoga classes ™ îË®√úø’. é¬F
؈’ í∫´’-Eç-*ç-ü¿-ûª†’ •®Ω’´¤ °®Ω-í∫ôç.
†’´y-†oô’d ®Ω’í¬_ Å®·ûË Åߪ÷uúø’ é¬F,
•®Ω’-¢Ë-´’Ø√o ûªí¬_-úøç-ö«¢√?)
Nandan: Come now Chandan; Yoga might
not have slimmed down, but he has-
n't certainly put on weight. Be fair to
him.
(Chandan, Ééπ Ç°æ¤. ßÁ÷í¬ ÅûªúÕE ûªT_ç-
îª-™‰-üË¢Á÷ é¬F, ™«´¤ ´÷vûªç °®Ω-í∫-™‰ü¿’.
ÅûªúÕ N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ é¬Ææh Ø√uߪ’çí¬ Öçúø’.)
come now = Informal conversation ™
come now= Ééπ Ç°æ¤.
fair= äéπ-J-°æôx Ø√uߪ’çí¬ Öçúøôç
Chandan: Do you mean he hasn't put on
weight?
(Å®·ûË ¢√úø’ ™«´´™‰ü¿ç-ö«¢√?)
put on weight= ™«´¤/ -•-®Ω’-¢Á-éπ\ôç
Nandan: No, certainly not. I have noticed you
having a dig at him whenever you
find a chance.
(-à-´÷-vûªç -™‰-ü¿’. Å´-鬨¡ç üÌJ-éÀ-†-°æ¤p-úø™«x
ÅûªúÕE Çô-°æ-öÀd-≤ƒh-´E ØËØÁ-°æ¤púÓ í∫´’-Eç-î√†’.)
have a dig at= Çô °æöÀdç-îª-úøç/- ÍíL îËߪ’ôç
Chandan: Nothing of the sort. I like him a lot.
(ÅüËç ™‰ü¿’. ¢√úøçõ‰ Ø√èπ◊ î√™« É≠ædç.)
Nothing of the sort = ÅüËç ™‰ü¿’
'-ing' forms ¢√ú≈-Lq† ´·êu-¢Á’i† Ææçü¿-®√s¥™ x,
´’J-éÌEo verbs ÖØ√o®·. Ñ verbs °æéπ\†
á°æ¤púø÷ '-ing' forms é¬F, 1st RDW (go,
come, walk, etc) é¬F ´≤ƒh®·.
Now look at the following sentences from
the conversation between Chandan and
Nandan:
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
í∫çô éÀçü¿ô Åûªúø’ car ™ ¢Á∞¡xôç ؈’ îª÷¨»†’.
2) In fact I see him drive down the road at this
time every day=
ÅÆæ©’ v°æA ®ÓW ÉüË time èπ◊ Ñ ®ÓúÓx car ™
¢Á∞¡xôç ؈’ îª÷≤ƒh†’.
3) I heard Pradhan say that he would go at that
time every day... =
ûª†’ ÅüË time èπ◊ Å™« ¢Á∞«h-†E Pradhan îÁ°æpí¬
NØ√o†’.
4) ... that's why. I find Pradhan becoming more
and more active nowadays=
active
ÅD. É°æ¤púø’ v°æüµ∆Ø˛ í¬ Öçúøôç í∫´’-
E-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’.
5) He observed his nephew losing weight...
(ÅûªúÕ nephew •®Ω’´¤ ûªí∫_ôç Åûªúø’ í∫´’-Eç-î√úø’)
6) I have noticed you having a dig at him=
†’´y-ûª-úÕE Çô °æöÀdç-îªúøç ؈’ í∫´’-Eç-î√†’.
Look at the verbs in the sentences
above: 1 & 2. saw 3. heard 4. find
5. observed 6. have noticed.
í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: °j† verbs ÅFo πÿú≈ îª÷úøôç/
éπE°œç-îªôç, N†ôç, í∫´’-Eç-îªôç, °æJ-Q-Lç-
îªôç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ÖØ√o®· éπü∆.
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 159
I noticed her humming
Åçõ‰ É´Fo éπ∞¡Ÿx, îÁ´¤©’ ™«çöÀ ñ«cØËçvCߪ÷-©èπ◊
Ææç•ç-Cµç-*-†N.
OöÀ ûª®√yûª á°æ¤púø÷ '-ing' form é¬F, 1st
Regular doing word (go, come, etc) é¬F,
that clause é¬F ´Ææ’hçC. àüÓ °æE-îË-Ææ’hç-úøôç/
îËÆæ’hç-úøí¬ îª÷úøúøç, í∫´’-Eç-îªúøç, °æJ-Q-Lç-îªúøç
ïJ-Tç-ü¿ØÓ, àüÓ Åçô’ç-úøí¬/ Åçô’-çúøôç N†ôç
ïJ-Tç-ü¿-ØÓ Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC.
(Ñ see, hear, find, observe, notice- Oö-Eoç-
öÀE verbs of sense perception Åçö«ç.)
(´’† ñ«cØËçvCߪ÷©’– sense organs- eyes,
nose, ear, tongue, skin – OöÀéÀ Ææç•ç-
Cµç-*-†N.)
1&2) saw: a) I see him always watching /
watch the TV / I see that he
always watch the TV =
Åûª-ØÁ-°æ¤púø÷ TV îª÷úøôç/ îª÷Ææ’hç-úøí¬ îª÷≤ƒh-ØËo†’/
Åûª-ØÁ-°æ¤púø÷ TV îª÷Ææ÷h éπE-°œç-îË-¢√úø’ Ø√èπ◊.
b) Åûªúø’ 11 í∫çô© Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™ •ßª’-öÀéÀ ®√´ôç/
police ©’ î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x îª÷¨»®Ω’/ Åûªúø’ 11 í∫çô©
Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™ •ßª’-ôéÀ ´Ææ÷h éπE-°œç-î√úø’ police ©èπ◊=
The police saw him coming out/ come out at
11 a number of times. A number of times the
police saw that he was coming out at 11.
c) Ç restaurant Åçõ‰ Åûª-E-éÀ-≠dçæ í¬ Ö†o-ô’xçC.
Åéπ\úø A†ôç î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x îª÷¨»†’=
He seems to like the restaurant a lot. I saw
him eat/ eating there quite often.
Å™«Íí hear ûª®√yûª èπÿú≈ '-ing' form / I RDW
´≤ƒh®·. äéÌ\-éπ\-°æ¤púø’ that clause ®√´îª’a.
3) heard: a) I heard her sing / singing =
Ç¢Á’ §ƒúø’-ûª’ç-úøôç ؈’ NØ√o†’.
b) We heard them quarrelling / quarrel about
something-
¢√∞¡Ÿx üËE N≠æ-ߪ’¢Á÷ §Úö«x-úø’-éÓ-´ôç ¢Ë’ç NØ√oç.
c) She heard him say / saying that he was
going to buy a house = É©’x é̆-¶-ûª’-Ø√o-†E
îÁ°æ¤hç-úøôç / îÁ°æ¤hç-úøí¬ Ç¢Á’ N†oC.
4) find:
a) The teacher found him working hard =
Åûªúø’ éπ≠d-°æ æúÕ °æE-îË-ߪ’ôç (îªü¿-´ôç) teacher
îª÷¨»úø’.
b) We always find him sleeping =
¢Ë’ç á°æ¤púø÷ Åûªúø’ Evü¿-§Ú-ûª’ç-úøí¬ îª÷≤ƒhç.
c) The engineer has found the machine going
out of order often=
ûª®Ωîª÷ Ç machine îÁúÕ§Ú-´ôç Ç engineer
îª÷¨»úø’.
Ñ find °æéπ\† 1st RDW ®√ü¿’. That clause
®√´îª’a.
5) observe:
a) The invigilator has
observed the student
taking/ take a slip out
of his pocket=
Åûªúø’ ñ‰•’-™ç* slip
•ßª’-ôèπ◊ Bߪ’úøç invig-
ilator í∫´’-Eç-î √úø’. M. SURESAN
(Invigilator= °æKéπ~ rooms ™ 鬰‘-™«ç-öÀN
ï®Ω-í∫-èπ◊çú≈ îª÷ÊÆ teachers)
Observe ûª®√yûª 'that' clause ´Ææ’hçC=
The invigilator observed that the student
was taking out a slip from his pocket.
b) I have observed him bunk/ bunking classes
quite often:
ûª®Ωîª÷ Åûªúø’ classes áíÌ_-ôdúøç ؈’ í∫´’-Eç-î√†’. Namratha: Ç¢Á’ ÆœE-´÷-©èπ◊ §ƒúøôç ûªy®Ω-™ ØË
c) She observed him looking/look at her =
Åûªúø’ ûª†-¢Áj°æ¤ îª÷úøôç Ç¢Á’ í∫´’-Eç-*çC.
6) notice: í∫´’-Eç-îª-úøç/- ü¿%-≠œd™  °æúøôç
a) Suddenly I noticed them going/ go out
together=
¢√∞¡Ÿx éπLÆœ •ßª’-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞¡xôç -Ø√ -éπçô °æúÕçC.
b) I often notice her talking / talk to him=
Ç¢Á’ Åûª-úÕûÓ ´÷ö«x-úøôç ؈’ ûª®Ωîª÷
í∫´’-E-≤ƒh†’./ Ç¢Á’ ûª®Ωîª÷ Åûª-EûÓ ´÷ö«x-úø’ûª÷
Ø√ éπçô °æúÕçC.
c) The police have noticed him visiting/ visit one
house in the old town at midnight=
Ç ´uéÀh Å®Ωl¥-®√vA¢Ë∞¡ old town ™ äéπ ÉçöÀéÀ
¢Á∞¡xôç í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’/ ¢√∞¡x éπçô-°æ-úÕçC.
É™«çöÀ verb ÉçéÓöÀ 'watch' (í∫´’-Eç-îªôç)
a) She watched him water / watering the garden
patiently =
Åûªúø’ ã°œí¬_ ûÓôèπ◊ F®Ω’-°-ôdúøç Ç¢Á’ í∫´’-Eç-*çC.
b) They have watched her dancing/ dance for
an hour=
Ç¢Á’ í∫çô-ÊÆ°æ¤ Ø√ôuç îËߪ’ôç ¢√∞¡Ÿx A©-éÀç-î√®Ω’.
c) The thief watched the inmates of the house
going out/ go out, waited for some time,
broke the lock and entered the house =
Ç üÌçí∫ Éçöx-¢√∞¡Ÿx (inmates) •ßª’-ôèπ◊ ¢Á∞¡xôç
í∫´’-Eç-î√úø’. é¬ÊÆ-§ƒT û√∞¡ç •ü¿l-©’-éÌöÀd ™EéÀ
v°æ¢Ë-Pç-î√úø’.
-Ç-C¢√®Ωç 21 -¢Ë’ 2006
É™« Ñ see, hear, find, observe, notice,
watch ™«çöÀ verbs °æéπ\-†-™«x '-ing' form/ 1st
RDW/ that clauses (éÌEoîÓôx) ´≤ƒh®·. Å®·ûË
OöÀ ûª®√yûª ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ 'that' clause ¢√úø-èπ◊çú≈
Öçúøôç better. '-ing form'/ I RDW effective í¬
Öçô’çC.
NOW PRACTISE THE FOLLOWING
ALOUD IN ENGLISH:
Namratha: Ææ’F-ûÁ-°æ¤púø÷ äÍé-®Ωéπç •ôd©’ ¢ËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç
؈’ îª÷≤ƒh†’. ûª† •ôd© fashion ™
´÷Í®pç Öçúøü¿’.
Charitha: ÅüËç ™‰ü¿’. ûª†’ ûËú≈í¬ ÖçúË •ôd©’
¢ËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç ؈’ äéπöÀ È®çúø’≤ƒ®Ω’x
í∫´’-Eç-î√†’.
Namratha: OK, ûª† N≠æߪ’ç áçü¿’-èπ◊™‰.
†’¢Áy-°æ¤-úøØ√o Ææ’v°œßª’ §ƒúøí¬ NØ√o¢√?
Charitha: áçü¿’-éπ-úø’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤?
Namratha:
î√™« ¶«í¬ §ƒúø’-ûª’çC. í∫ûª ¨¡E-¢√®Ωç
cinema music director Ç¢Á’ §ƒúøôç
í∫´’-Eç-î√úø’. Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ÆœE-´÷™x §ƒúË
Å´-鬨¡ç ®√´îª’a.
Charitha: ûª †’ èπÿE-®√-í¬©’ §ƒúøôç ؈’ í∫´’-Eç-
î√†’. é¬F Åçûª íÌ°æp í¬ßª’-èπ◊-®√-©-†’-éÓ-
™‰ ü ¿ ’ .
Nçö«ç.
Charitha: ûª †’ ¨»Æ‘Yߪ’ ÆæçUûªç CD ©’ N†ôç
ØË † ’ í∫´’-Eç-î√†’. (watch ¢√úøçúÕ)
Namratha: ûª † èπ◊ Åü¿%≠ædç éπ-LÆœ ®√¢√-©-E ÇPü∆lç.
ANSWER
Namratha: I see Sunitha wear/ wearing the
same style of dress/ dress of the
same cut always. No change in the
fashion of her clothes.
Charitha: No. I have observed her wear dress-
es of different style once or twice.
Namratha: OK. Why talk of her now?/ Let's not
talk of her now. Have you ever
heard Sunitha sing/ singing?
Charitha: Why do you ask?
Namratha: She sings very well. A film music
director observed her sing/ singing.
Very soon she may get an opportu-
nity to sing for movies.
Charitha: I noticed her hum/ humming (èπÿE-
but I
®√-í¬©’/ ûª†-™-ûªØË §ƒúø’-éÓôç)
didn't think that she was a good
singer.
Namratha: We can soon hear her sing/ singing
for movies.
Charitha: I've watched her listening/ listen to
classical music CD's.
Namratha: Let's wish her best of luck.