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Question No: 1 ( Marks: 3 )
Discuss characteristics of Flat organization.
Following are the characteristics of a fat organization.
High number of subordinates per supervisor
Short of chain of command
Less number of levels
Eliminates middle level managers
Decentralizes authority to low level managers
Question No: 2 ( Marks: 5 )
MKI (Marketing Infor!ation s"ste!) is a t"#e of Infor!ation
"ste! that hel#s the $r!% Discuss its &asic o&'ecti(es an) t"#es of
!arketing infor!ation*
MKIS is a type of Information System that helps the firm to achieve following
objectives:
o Identification of customers for firms products and services.
o Development of those products and services to meet customers needs
o Promotion of the products and services, and
o Provision of after sale customer support
Types of Marketing Information
Marketing Intelligence information flowing from environment into the environment
Internal Information gathered within the firm
Marketing ommunication Info flowing from firm to e!ternal environment
"n M#I$ help in proper management and dissemination of all three kinds of information
Question No: 3 ( Marks: 3 )
De$ne +,D*
Computer Aided Design (CAD)
It is a system that enables drawings to be constructed on a computer
screen and subsequently stored, manipulated and updated
electronically.
Question No: ! Marks: " # $hat are the basic components of %SS&
%here are two ma&or components
D$$ data 'ase is a collection of current and historical data from internal e!ternal
sources. It can 'e a massive data warehouse.
Decision $upport $oftware s(stem is the set of software tools used for data anal(sis.
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Question No:' ! Marks: " # %efine the following:
a) *thics are moral choice made '( individual in relation to the rest of the communit(,
rules of governing mem'ers and standards of accepta'le 'ehavior.
') ode of ethics
ode of ethics is collection of rules as guide for the mem'ers of the organi+ation.
Question No:( ! Marks: ) # $hat is %ata %riven %ecision Support System&
Data driven D$$ use large pool of data in ma&or organi+ational s(stems. %he( help to
e!tract information from large ,uantities of data stored. %hese s(stems rel( on Data
-arehouses created from %ransaction Processing s(stems.
%he( use following techni,ues for data anal(sis
.nline anal(tical processing, and
Data mining
Question No: * ! Marks: ) # %efine +e,engineering&
/e engineering is the fundamental rethinking and redesigning of 'usiness process to
achieve dramatic improvement in critical, contemporar( measures of performance, such
as cost, ,ualit(, service and speed.
Question No: - ! Marks: ' # .ist any five reasons that attract organi/ations to 0+1&
"nswer0
1. Planning the operations
2. Integrated customer related information order tracking with customer data'ase,
inventor(
and shipment at different locations.
3. $tandardi+ed 4/ information " compan( with multiple 'usiness units will re,uire a
comprehensive and all5encompassing method of locating emplo(ees and communicating
with them.
6. Integrated financial information and anal(sis.
7. Monitoring the operations including those of su'5vendors and manufacturers
Question No: 2! Marks: ) #3ow the information is kept in the purchase system&
" simple e!ample can 'e given of a purchase and sales s(stem. In a t(pical purchase
s(stem
information related to purchase of materials is kept, for instance,
.rders for the purchase of various materials
$tatus of deliveries received against specific orders
hanges in the order ,uantit(, time, da( or other information
8ualit( inspection reports and whether the( need to 'e communicated to the
supplier
9pdated status report of stock
Issues made out of the stock
Question No: 45 ! Marks: " #$hat is information Quality 6hecklist&
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"nswer0 %he information can also 'e ranked in accordance with the ,ualities it has in it.
%he e!perts have devised certain criteria to evaluate the ,ualit( of information. %hose
some points which are used to evaluate the ,ualit( are known as ,ualit( checks.
Question No: 44 !Marks: ) 7riefly 8escribe Incremental Mo8el9
"nswer0 In incremental models, software is 'uilt not written. $oftware is constructed step
'( step in the same wa( a 'uilding is constructed. %he product is designed, implemented,
integrated and tested as a series of incremental 'uilds, where a 'uild consists of code
pieces from various modules interacting together to provide a specific functional
capa'ilit( and testa'le as a whole.
Question No: 4" ! Marks: " # .ist information +e:uirements for Me8ium si/es
organi/ations9
"nswer0
Planning for re,uired Information
Monitoring of information of planning.
Question No:4) ! Marks: ) # %ifferentiate 6+M from 0+1 &
"nswer0 */P : /M
ustomer has 'ecome of critical importance in the modern da( 'usiness. *arl( on,
organi+ations used to focus more on how much has 'een sold what has 'een produced.
;ut now the focus is ,uite different. <ocus has 'een placed on the re,uirements of the
customer, providing ,ualit( service and ,uickness of response to customer ,ueries.
"nal(sis of the customer data from their personal ha'its to spending ones have 'ecome a
crucial element of doing a successful 'usiness.
*/P has this uni,ue potential to improve the ,ualit( of customer handling.
Question No: 4,6lassify 0,6ommerce into 8ifferent classes9 !'#
%he most prevalent of *5ommerce models can 'e classified as under0
1. ;usiness to onsumer =;2)
2. ;usiness to ;usiness =;2;),
3. ;usiness to *mplo(ee =;2*),
6. onsumer to onsumer =2) and
7. *5>overnment
>overnment to iti+ens?ustomers =>2)
>overnment to ;usiness =>2;)
>overnment to >overnment =>2>
Question No: 4'! Marks: " # $hat 8o you un8erstan8 by ;.<1&
.nline "nal(tical Processing Decision support software that allows the user to ,uickl(
anal(+e information that has 'een summari+ed into multidimensional views and
hierarchies. %he term online refers to the interactive ,uer(ing facilit( provided to the user
to minimi+e response time
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Question No: 4( ! Marks: ' #
%efine the following0
a# 06 !0 commerce#
*lectronic ommerce =e5commerce or *) descri'es the 'u(ing, selling, and e!changing
of products, services, and information via computer network, primaril( the internet. $ome
people view the term commerce as descri'ing transactions conducted 'etween 'usiness
partners.
b# 07 !0 business#
*5'usiness means using the internet and online technologies to create operating
efficiencies, and therefore increase value to the customer. It is internall( focused. "ll e5
commerce is part of e'usiness.
@ot all e5'usiness is e5commerce
.
Question No: 1- ( Marks: 1 )
De$ne .QM*
!" is a set of management and control activities which focus on
#uality assurance. he #uality of the products and services is
enhanced and then o$ered to consumers.
Question No: 1/ ( Marks: 1 )
0hat is a s"ste!*
$(stem is group of interacting, interrelated, or interdependent elements forming a
comple! whole.
0hat are "ste!s*
% system is a group of elements that are integrated with the common
purpose of achieving an ob&ective.
Question No: 11 ( Marks: 3 )
Di2erentiate &et3een Manual an) +o!#uter &ase) Infor!ation
s"ste!
Manual 4s +o!#uterise) Infor!ation "ste!s
"s advancement was made in ever( field of life, manual information s(stems were
converted to computeri+ed s(stems. In manual environment, the concept of
transformation was difficult to appl(, since input of data into records was '( itself the
output which also included simple computations. oncept of control mechanism grew
stronger as computeri+ed information s(stems emerged. @ow the concept of
Information s(stem e!ists with the usage and 'enefits of omputers as an inevita'le part.
Question No: 256 %iscuss briefly what 8o you un8erstan8 by corporate social
responsibility !6S+#
A%he continuing commitment '( 'usiness to 'ehave ethicall( and contri'ute to economic
development while improving the ,ualit( of life of the workforce and their families as
well as the local communit( and societ( as large.B
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orporate social responsi'ilit( incorporates the principle of sustaina'le development
along with Atriple 'ottom line reportingB reflecting not onl( financial results 'ut also
social and environmental impact of the 'usiness.
%he $/ ma( 'e looked after '( an independent department reporting directl( to the
'oard or ma( 'e a part of the 'usiness development or human resource department
.
Question No: 21 ( Marks: 15 )
0hat )o "ou un)erstan) &" .ertiar" sources* 7i(e atleast t3o
)e$nitions%
89#lain it 3ith e9a!#les%
Some Defnitions of Tertiary Sources :
'. (or)s which list primary and secondary resources in a speci*c
sub&ect area
+. "aterials in which the information from secondary sources has
been ,digested, -
reformatted and condensed. to put it into a convenient. easy-to-read
form.
/. Sources which are once removed in time from secondary sources
Some examples of tertiary sources0
'. %lmanacs and fact boo)s
+. 1ibliographies 2may also be secondary3
/. 4hronologies
5. Dictionaries and encyclopedias 2may also be secondary3
6. Directories
Question No: 22 ( Marks: 1 )
De$ne +:M*
/M =customer relationship management) is an information industr( term for
methodologies, software, and usuall( Internet capa'ilities that help an enterprise manage
customer relationships in an organi+ed wa(.
ustomer /elationship Management =/M)
is the strategy that defines how (ou and (our organi+ation will manage the life c(cle of a
customer relationship
Question No: 2368n(iron!ent is a collection of )i2erent
ele!ents% ;ist the!%
lements o! n"ironment
It is a collecti"e re!erence made to the !ollowing !actors
# $egal
# thics
# conomic
%ocial
# &echnological
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Question No: 2< ( Marks: 1 )
8nlist the categories of the u##ort s"ste!
%eeing the bene'ts o! (I% !or middle le"el managers, Computerised
systems ha"e been de"ised !or other employees in the organi)ation to
help them complete their wor* e+ciently and e,ecti"ely.
%upport systems can be classi'ed into two categories
# -+ce automation systems
# Decision support systems
Question No: 25 ( Marks: 5 )
Discuss the attri&utes on 3hich =rganizational Infor!ation
:e>uire!ents )e#en)s
-rgani)ation . In!ormation /equirements
-rgani)ations ha"e "arious attributes which distinguish them !rom
each other. 0o two organi)ations are similar in all respects. &here ha"e
to ha"e certain distincti"e lines *eeping them unique !rom each other.
In!ormation requirements *eep "arying in accordance with
# %i)e o! organi)ation
# Its structure
# &he Culture it !ollows
# Decision (a*ing %tructures
# Interested parties both internal and e1ternal
An organi)ation should consider the abo"e mentioned requirements
while de"ising a system
which tailors !or speci'c in!ormation needs.
Question No: 2? ( Marks: 1 )
8nlist the categories of the u##ort s"ste!
%upport systems can be classi'ed into two categories
# -+ce automation systems
# Decision support systems
Question No: 2- ( Marks: 2 )
0hat is an =@ce ,uto!ation "ste!2
-+ce Automation %ystems
-+ce automation system includes !ormal and in!ormal electronic
systems primarily concerned with the communication o! in!ormation to
and !rom persons both inside and outside the 'rm. It supports data
wor*ers in an organi)ation.
3or Instance
# 4ord processing
# Des*top publishing
# Imaging . 4eb publishing lectronic calendars 5 manager6s appt.
calendars
# mail
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# Audio . "ideo con!erencing 5 establishing communication between
geographically dispersed persons.
Question No: 2/ ( Marks: 3 )
0hat )o "ou un)erstan) &" 8:D* De$ne &rieA"
*ntit( /elationship Diagram =*/D)
"nother diagrammatical tool used in s(stem design is */D. */D as shown 'elow
indicates simple relationships. %hese relationships can 'e read as follows.
.ne department has one supervisor
" department ma( have more than one emplo(ees
.r
"n emplo(ee ma( 'e in more than one departments
"n emplo(ee ma( not 'e working on an( pro&ect 'ut a pro&ect must have at least one
emplo(ee working on it.
Question No: 21 ( Marks: 1 )
0hat is Bri!ar" source of infor!ation2
7rimary sources are original materials on which other research is
based
Some defnitions of primary sources0
'. 7rimary sources are original materials on which other research is
based
+. hey are usually the *rst formal appearance of results in the print
or electronic literature 2for e8ample. the *rst publication of the
results of scienti*c investigations is a primary source.3
/. hey present information in its original form. neither interpreted
nor condensed nor evaluated by other writers.
5. hey are from the time period 2for e8ample. something written
close to when the event
actually occurred.
6. 7rimary sources present original thin)ing and report on discoveries
or share new information.
Some examples of primary sources:
'. Scienti*c &ournal articles reporting e8perimental research results
+. 7roceedings of "eetings. 4onferences.
/. echnical reports
5. Dissertations or theses 2may also be secondary3
6. 7atents
Question No: )5 ! Marks: " #
$rite any e=ample for Iterative an8 Incremental mo8el9 ;ne e=ample for each9
Incremental vs9 Iterative
%hese sound similar, and sometimes are e,uated 'ut there is a su'tle difference0
Incremental0 add to the product at each phase
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Iterative0 re5do the product at each phase
0=ample
;uilding a 4ouse
Incremental0 $tarts with a modest house, keep adding rooms and upgrades to it.
Iterative0 %he design?construction map of the house is amended and improved and
repeated until all the re,uirements are fulfilled.
Question No: 31 ( Marks: 3 ) 0hat )o "ou un)erstan) &" 8*
89ecuti(e u##ort "ste!s (8)
Executive Support System (ESS) is a reporting tool (software) that allows you to
turn your organization's data into useful summarized reports. These reports are
generally used y executive level managers for !uic" access to reports coming
from all company levels and departments such as illing# cost accounting #
staffing# scheduling ET$
%&
Software technology designed to provide managers with the capaility to access
internal and external information that is relevant to decision ma"ing and other
managerial responsiilities is referred to as executive support systems
1hases of 8ecision,making process
1hases of 8ecision,making process are:
# Intelligence searching for conditions in the environment that call for decisions
# %esign inventing, developing, and anal(+ing possi'le courses of action
# 6hoice selecting a course of action from those availa'le
# Implementation implementing the selected course of action
# Monitoring checking the conse,uences of the decision made after implementation
+o!#onents of a s"ste!
Following are the important components of the system.
9nput elements
:aw Data input to the computer system
7rocess
4omputation. analysis. application of any model
;utput elements
:esults of computation or analysis
4ontrol mechanism
4omparison of actual with e8pected
Feedbac) system
4orrective action
;b&ectives
E8pected<9deal output
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=#en "ste!s
% system that is connected to its environment by means of resource fows
is called an open system.
he environment e8erts infuence on the system and the system also
infuences the environment.
89a!#le
1usiness is a system where management decisions are infuenced by or
have an infuence on suppliers.
customers. society as a whole.
4omputerized system of a manufacturing entity. that ta)es infuence from
the society.
+lose) "ste!s
% system that is not connected with its environment
=either environment e8erts any infuence on the system nor does system
infuence the environment.
89a!#les
%n information system designed to control data in a research laboratory is
a closed system.
%n information system designed to record highly sensitive information is a
closed system so as
o accept no input for amendment
o give no output for disclosure
=&'ecti(e of Ca(ing "ste!s
o sub&ect a prede*ned amount of input 2tangible. intangible3 to
prede*ned set of instructions in order to achieve an e8pected #uality and
amount of output.
E$ective and e$icient utilization of resources
Data 0arehouse
# % data warehouse is a logical collection of information.
# 9t is gathered from many di$erent operational databases used to create
business intelligence that
supports business analysis activities and decision-ma)ing tas)s.
# 9t is primarily. a record of an enterprise>s past transactional and
operational information. stored in a
database designed to favour e$icient data analysis and reporting.
# he term data warehouse generally refers to the combination of many
di$erent databases across an
entire enterprise.
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# Data warehouses contain a wide variety of data that present a coherent
picture of business conditions at
a single point in time.
# Data warehouses are generally batch updated at the end of the day. wee)
or some period. 9ts contents
are typically historical and static and may also contain numerous
summaries.
=nline ,nal"tical Brocessing (=;,B)
Decision support software that allows the user to #uic)ly analyze
information that has been
summarized into multidimensional views and hierarchies. he term online
refers to the interactive
#uerying facility provided to the user to minimize response time. 9t enables
users to drill down into
large volume of data in order to provide desired information. such as
isolating the products that are
more volatile from sales data. ;L%7 summarizes transactions into
multidimensional user de*ned views.
."#es of Mathe!atical Mo)els
"athematical models can further be classi*ed as follows. based on
9nfuence of time ? whether the event is time dependant or related
Degree of certainty ? the probabilities of occurrence of an event
Level of optimization ? the perfection in solution the model will achieve.
Hence use of right model in decision support software is critical to the
proper functionality of the system.
89#ert "ste!
%n e8pert system is a computer program that attempts to represent the
)nowledge of human e8perts in the form of Heuristics. 9t simulates the
&udgment and behaviour of a human or an organization that has e8pert
)nowledge and e8perience in a particular *eld.
E8amples are
"edical diagnosis.
E#uipment repair.
9nvestment analysis.
Financial. estate and insurance planning.
@ehicle routing.
4ontract bidding
Ceuristics
Heuristic is the art and science of discovery and invention.
8 (s% D
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ESS implies more of a war room style graphical interface that overloo)s the
entire enterprise. % decision support system 2DSS3 typically provides a
spreadsheet style ,what ifA, analysis capability. often for only one
department or one product at time.

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