Edition (2009) and Stle !uide to Elect"onic #e$e"ences (20%2) #E&E#E'CE ()S* E+AMP(ES Articles o Academic Journals o Magazines o Newspapers o Encyclopedia Articles o Book, Film, and Product Reviews Books E!ooks "e! #ites $nline %lassroom Materials &ec'nical and Researc' Reports (issertations and &'eses )mages )nterviews, Email Messages, and $t'er Personal %ommunications Need More Help? &'e Pu!lication Manual o* t'e American Psyc'ological Association is t'e APA+s o,cial citation guide and provides a more detailed e-planation o* 'ow to use APA style. &'e manual is un*ortunately not availa!le online, !ut re*erence copies are availa!le in all /0 1niversity o* Maryland li!raries. &'e APA #tyle 2uide to Electronic Re*erences 345/46 *ocuses solely on t'e citing o* electronic resources and includes a wide variety o* citation e-amples. 7ou can also ask a li!rarian *or 'elp wit' a citationrelated 8uestion. Some !ene"al #ules )n,*ext Citations (Publication Manual, pp- %./,%.9) What You Are Citing In-Text Citation The entire work 3#mit', 45596 A specifc page 3#mit', 4559, p. :;6 If the author's name is included in the text of the sentence where the citation takes place #mit' 34559, p. :;6 claims t'at... 1se only t'e date or date and page num!er. An online article with no page numbers 3Myers, 4555, para. <6 3Beutler, 4555, %onclusion section, para. /6 1se a!!reviation =para.= *ollowed !y t'e paragrap' num!er you are citing. "'en possi!le, speci*y a section o* t'e article. Citing multiple authors #ee Aut'ors, !elow. Autho"s (Publication Manual, pp- %0%,%01) !ne author "xample# $eference %ist Citation "xample# In-Text Citation %ourtois, %. A. 345596. 3%ourtois, 45596 Two authors "xample# $eference %ist Citation "xample# In-Text Citation >elley, P. %., ? %'ang, P. @. 3455A6. 3>elley ? %'ang, 455A6 Three to f&e authors "xample# $eference %ist Citation "xample# In-Text Citation Bug'es, J. %., Brestan, E. C., ? Calle, @. A. 345596. 'irst citation# 3Bug'es, Brestan, ? Calle, 45596 (ubse)uent citations# 3Bug'es et al., 45596 "'en a work 'as more t'an 4 aut'ors, su!se8uent inte-t citations consist o* t'e Drst aut'or+s name *ollowed !y =et al.= 3@atin *or =and ot'ers=6 and t'e date. (ix or se&en authors "xample# $eference %ist Citation "xample# In-Text Citation P'elps, B. R., @ima, M., 2omez, J., MacArt'ur, R. &., 2ansu, @., ? Ne'ru, M. 345596. 'irst citation# 3P'elps et al., 45596 (ubse)uent citations# 3P'elps et al., 45596 "'en a work 'as 0A aut'ors, inte-t citations consist o* t'e Drst aut'or+s name *ollowed !y =et al.= 3@atin *or =and ot'ers=6 and t'e date. "ight or more authors "xample# $eference %ist Citation "xample# In-Text Citation %arter, A., (oug'erty, #., Addington, M., #tanley, R., #tanley, %., #c'uEer, 2., . . . #myrna, B. F. 345596. "'en t'ere are eig't or more aut'ors, include t'e Drst 0 aut'ors+ names *ollowed !y an ellipsis 3. . .6 and t'e Dnal aut'or+s name. 'irst citation# 3%arter et al., 45596 (ubse)uent citations# 3%arter et al., 45596 "'en a work 'as F or more aut'ors, inte-t citations consist o* t'e Drst aut'or+s name *ollowed !y =et al.= 3@atin *or =and ot'ers=6 and t'e date. *roup author "xample# $eference %ist Citation "xample# In-Text Citation American (ietetic Association. 3/;;;6. 'irst citation# 3American (ietetic Association GA(AH, /;;;6 (ubse)uent citations# 3A(A, /;;;6 +o authors listed "xample# $eference %ist Citation "xample# In-Text Citation None to claim t'eir !onesI Relics o* an old Brooklyn graveyard. 3/FFF, April /46. New York Times, pp. :9. Retrieved *rom 'ttpIJJwww.nytimes.comJ @ist t'e source !y title in your re*erence list. 3=None to %laim &'eir Bones,= /FFF6 )n cases w'ere t'e title contains a colon, use only t'e te-t !e*ore t'e colon in your in te-t citation. Alp'a!etize re*erence list entries !eginning wit' a title using t'e primary word o* t'e title 3e-cluding a, an, and the6. *itles (Publication Manual, pp- %02,%0.) Capitali,ation# For all sources ot'er t'an periodicals 3t'at is, newspapers, magazines, and sc'olarly Kournals6, capitalize t'e Drst word o* t'e title and su!title and proper nouns only. (o not capitalize t'e rest 3see e-ample !elow6. All maKor words in periodical titles s'ould !e capitalized 3*or e-ample, Psychology Today, Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved.6 Italics# &itles are italicized *or t'e *ollowing itemsI Books E-Books Periodicals Web sites Dissertations/theses Reports/technical papers Works of art (ource "xample -ournal article title Freud+s Cienna revisited. .ook title Student cheating and lagiarism in the !nternet era" # wake$u call. 3olume 4 )ssue 'umbe"s (Publication Manual, p- %06) APA does not use =Colume=, =Col.=, =v.=, =)ssue= or related terms. 1se italics *or t'e volume num!er. (ource "xample /aga,ine and 0ournal &olume and issue number formatting %&396 /4 is t'e volume num!er 3in italics6 and 9 is t'e issue num!er. )* eac' issue o* a Kournal !egins on page /, give t'e issue num!er in parent'eses immediately a*ter t'e volume num!er, as a!ove. Pa5e 'umbe"s (Publication Manual, pp- %.0, 200) Issue What To 1o When to use 2p2 and 2pp2 1se =p.= and =pp.= to indicate page num!ers w'en citing newspaper articles and !ook c'apters. $mit t'em w'en citing Kournal and magazine articles. Follow t'e e-amples in t'is guide. !nline periodical where page numbers are not gi&en National 'eograhic( )**346. :55 is t'e volume num!er. Follow t'e issue num!er o* t'e magazine or Kournal wit' a period. 6ndated Sou"ces (Publication Manual, p- %02) 1se =3n.d.6= 3*or =no date=6 in your citation. $eference %ist Citation In-Text Citation >nowles, A. 3n.d.6. House of dust G%ollageH. Retrieved *rom $-*ord Art $nline data!ase. 3>nowles, n.d.6 Citin5 a Sou"ce 7ithin a Sou"ce (Publication Manual, p- %.0) (cenario# 7ou read a 455A article !y @in'ares and Brum t'at cites an earlier article, !y Frederick. 7ou want to cite Frederick+s article, !ut you 'ave not read Frederick+s article itsel*. $eference %ist Citation In-Text Citation @in'ares, A., ? Brum, P. 3455A6. 1nderstanding our understanding o* strategic scenariosI "'at role do c'unks playL Cognitive Science, )%306, ;F;/55A. 'ttpIJJd-.doi.orgJdoiI/5./5F5J5:0954/5A5/A5:A4< 7our Re*erence list will contain t'e article you read, !y @in'ares and Brum. 7our Re*erence list will N$& contain a citation *or Frederick+s article. Frederick+s study 3as cited in @in'ares ? Brum, 455A6 *ound t'at... 7our inte-t citation gives credit to Frederick and s'ows t'e source in w'ic' you *ound Frederick+s ideas. &op A"ticles Academic 8ou"nals (Publication Manual, pp- %90,%999 Stle !uide, p- %2) (ource $eference %ist Citation %ibrar3 database with 1!I #agarin, B. J., ? @awler#agarin, >. A. 3455<6. %ritically evaluating competing t'eoriesI An e-ercise !ased on t'e >itty 2enovese murder. Teaching of Psychology( )&3:6, /0AM/0;. 'ttpIJJd-.doi.orgJ/5./45AJs/<:4F54:top:45:NF What is a 1!I4 #ome li!rary data!ases, suc' as PsycAR&)%@E# and Psyc)NF$, list a (igital $!Kect )dentiDer 3($)6 *or individual articles. A ($) is a uni8ue identi*ying num!er *or an article. )n t'e data!ase record *or an article, you will see an element t'at looks like t'is, w'ic' you s'ould include at t'e end o* your APA re*erence, preceded !y ='ttpIJJd-.doi.orgJ=I &'is link will allow a reader to link to doi.org *or more in*ormation a!out t'e article. Bowever, t'e #P# Style 'uide to +lectronic ,eferences 345/4, p. <6 notes t'at it is still accepta!le to use t'e older style o* ($) *ormat in a citation, *or e-ampleI Amidzic, $., Rie'le, B. J., ? El!ert, &. 345506. &oward a psyc'op'ysiology o* e-pertiseI Focal magnetic gamma !ursts as a signature o* memory c'unks and t'e aptitude o* c'ess players.Journal of Psychohysiology( &*396, 4<:4<F. doiI/5./54AJ540;FF5:.45.9.4<: %ibrar3 database without 1!I Reitzes, (. %., ? Mutran, E. J. 345596. &'e transition to retirementI #tages and *actors t'at inOuence retirement adKustment.!nternational Journal of #ging and Human -eveloment( ./3/6, 0:F9. Retrieved *rom 'ttpIJJwww.!aywood.comJKournalsJPreviewJournals.aspL)dP55;/ 9/<5 +o 1!I4 'ind the 0ournal's homepage (o a "e! searc' to Dnd t'e address o* t'e 'omepage o* t'e Kournal t'at pu!lis'ed t'e article and include it in your citation 3e-ample6. Please !e aware, 'owever, t'at t'e *ull te-t o* articles may not actually !e availa!le at t'e Kournal 'omepage. Cannot fnd the 0ournal's homepage4 )n t'is case, do a "e! searc' *or t'e name o* t'e data!ase you are using 3*or e-ample, =J#&$R= or =Business #ource %omplete=6 and use t'e address o* its 'omepage. 'ree Web 2iancola, P. R. 345596. E-ecutive *unctioning and alco'olrelated aggression. #merican Psychologist( ./346, <A. Retrieved *rom 'ttpIJJwww.apa.orgJKournalsJampJ In print Bug'es, J. %., Brestan, E. C., ? Calle, @. A. 345596. Pro!lemsolving interactions !etween mot'ers and c'ildren. Child and 0amily 1ehavior Theray( &23/6, //0. /ore info In-text citation examples *eneral $ules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc. Ma5a:ines; ,<ail o" =ee>l Ma5a:ines (Publication Manual, p- 2009 Stle !uide, pp- %1,%/)
(ource $eference %ist Citation %ibrar3 database with 1!I Jackson, P. 345//, Marc' /6. Navy 7ard Bill and t'e *ounding o* "as'ington %ity. Caitol Hill Historian, &, <;. 'ttpIJJd-.doi.orgJ/5./50FJ45//: What is a 1!I4 #ome li!rary data!ases, suc' as Academic #earc' %omplete and Psyc)NF$, list a (igital $!Kect )dentiDer 3($)6 *or individual articles. A ($) is a uni8ue identi*ying num!er *or an article. )n t'e data!ase record *or an article, you will see an element t'at looks like t'is, w'ic' you s'ould include at t'e end o* your APA re*erence, preceded !y ='ttpIJJd-.doi.orgJ=I &'is link will allow a reader to link to doi.org *or more in*ormation a!out t'e article. Bowever, t'e #P# Style 'uide to +lectronic ,eferences 345/4, p. <6 notes t'at it is still accepta!le to use t'e older style o* ($) *ormat in a citation, *or e-ampleI Janney, >. 34550, May6. %row rookeries and ur!an toponyms in t'e 1nited #tates. Corvid( %*3/6, 40. doiI//.////J5449F;55.4/.9.405 %ibrar3 database without 1!I Borowitz, A. 34559, Novem!er /<6. Pavlov+s !rot'er. New Yorker( 3*3:<6, 0:00. Retrieved *rom 'ttpIJJwww.newyorker.comJ +o 1!I4 'ind the maga,ine's homepage (o a "e! searc' 3using a searc' engine suc' as 2oogle or 7a'ooQ6 to Dnd t'e address o* t'e 'omepage o* t'e Kournal t'at pu!lis'ed t'e article and include it in your citation 3e-ample6. Please !e aware, 'owever, t'at t'e *ull te-t o* articles may not actually !e availa!le at t'e Kournal 'omepage. Cannot fnd the maga,ine's homepage4 )n t'is case, do a "e! searc' 3using a searc' engine suc' as 2oogle or 7a'ooQ6 *or t'e name o* t'e data!ase you are using 3*or e-ample, =J#&$R= or =Business #ource %omplete=6 and use t'e address o* its 'omepage. 'ree Web #pringen, >. 3455<, January /A6. Art*ul aging. Newsweek( %4.3:6, 4< 4A. Retrieved *rom 'ttpIJJwww.newsweek.comJ In print Borowitz, A. 34559, Novem!er /<6. Pavlov+s !rot'er. New Yorker( 3*3:<6, 0:00. /ore info In-text citation examples *eneral $ules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc.
,Monthl Ma5a:ines (Publication Manual, p- 2009 Stle !uide, pp- %1,%/) (ource $eference %ist Citation %ibrar3 database with 1!I Niu, J. 345/4, Marc'April6. An overview o* we! arc'iving. -$5i6, %33: 96. 'ttpIJJd-.doi.orgJ/5./59<Jmarc'45/4niu/ What is a 1!I4 #ome li!rary data!ases, suc' as Academic #earc' %omplete and Psyc)NF$, list a (igital $!Kect )dentiDer 3($)6 *or individual articles. A ($) is a uni8ue identi*ying num!er *or an article. )n t'e data!ase record *or an article, you will see an element t'at looks like t'is, w'ic' you s'ould include at t'e end o* your APA re*erence, preceded !y ='ttpIJJd-.doi.orgJ=I &'is link will allow a reader to link to doi.org *or more in*ormation a!out t'e article. Bowever, t'e #P# Style 'uide to +lectronic ,eferences 345/4, p. <6 notes t'at it is still accepta!le to use t'e older style o* ($) *ormat in a citation, *or e-ampleI Rostok, M. 345//, August /6. Android malware on t'e rise. e7eek( &306, //. doiI//.:40AJ4<<:JF;//.:49.405 %ibrar3 database without 1!I Norman, A. (. 3/;FF, Marc'6. )n*uriating !y design. Psychology Today( &&3:6, <4<0. Retrieved *rom 'ttpIJJwww.psyc'ologytoday.comJ +o 1!I4 'ind the maga,ine's homepage (o a "e! searc' 3using a searc' engine suc' as 2oogle or 7a'ooQ6 to Dnd t'e address o* t'e 'omepage o* t'e Kournal t'at pu!lis'ed t'e article and include it in your citation 3e-ample6. Please !e aware, 'owever, t'at t'e *ull te-t o* articles may not actually !e availa!le at t'e Kournal 'omepage. Cannot fnd the maga,ine's homepage4 )n t'is case, do a "e! searc' 3using a searc' engine suc' as 2oogle or 7a'ooQ6 *or t'e name o* t'e data!ase you are using 3*or e-ample, =J#&$R= or =Business #ource %omplete=6 and use t'e address o* its 'omepage. 'ree Web 2el!, N. 3455:, May6. "inter o* discontent. Smithsonian( )4346, <5<<. Retrieved *rom 'ttpIJJwww.smit'sonianmagazine.comJ In print )ves, F., ? @ydon, J. 3455<, January6. Freud+s Cienna revisited.-iscover( &2346, /0/A. /ore info In-text citation examples *eneral $ules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc. Tip# When an issue of a magazine coers seeral months, the name of the first and last month in the range should be gien in the citation, separated b! a dash, for e"ample# $3/;;:, JuneJuly6$. 'e7spape"s (Publication Manual, pp- 200, 20%9 Stle !uide, p- %/) (ource $eference %ist Citation %ibrar3 database Brown, P. @. 3/;;;, #eptem!er <6. &iRany glass and ot'er tales *rom t'e crypt. The New York Times, pp. /, <. Retrieved *rom 'ttpIJJwww.nytimes.comJ (o a "e! searc' 3using a searc' engine suc' as 2oogle or 7a'ooQ6 *or t'e newspaper 'omepage and use t'e 'omepage 1R@ a*ter t'e words =Retrieved *rom=. 'ree Web Foreman, J. 3455:, August /46. Allston got'ic. The 1oston 'lo6e. Retrieved *rom 'ttpIJJwww.!oston.comJ In print Brown, P. @. 3/;;;, #eptem!er <6. &iRany glass and ot'er tales *rom t'e crypt. The New York Times, pp. /, <. &'e page num!er o* a newspaper article is preceded !y 2p2 in a re*erence list citation. "'en an article appears on multiple pages, t'e page range is preceded !y 2pp2 3*or e-ample, =pp. 90=6. "'en an article appears on discontinuous pages, separate t'e page num!ers wit' a comma 3e-. =pp. 9, F=6. "'en a newspaper uses section letters in its page num!ers, t'ese s'ould !e included in your citation 3e-. =p. A/=, =pp. B/, B0=6. /ore info In-text citation examples *eneral $ules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc. Encclopedia A"ticles (Publication Manual, p- 2029 Stle !uide, p- %0) (ource $eference %ist Citation %ibrar3 database with 1!I Miura, A. 345/46. Buman !e'avior wit' !logs. )n 7 S'eng 3Ed.6,+ncycloedia of cy6er 6ehavior. 'ttpIJJd-.doi.orgJ/5.95/FJ;AF/90005:/<F What is a 1!I4 #ome li!rary data!ases, suc' as Academic #earc' %omplete and Psyc)NF$, list a (igital $!Kect )dentiDer 3($)6 *or individual e!ooks. A ($) is a uni8ue identi*ying num!er *or an e!ook. )n t'e data!ase record *or an e!ook, you will see an element t'at looks like t'is, w'ic' you s'ould include at t'e end o* your APA re*erence, preceded !y ='ttpIJJd-.doi.orgJ=I &'is link will allow a reader to link to doi.org *or more in*ormation a!out t'e e!ook. Bowever, t'e #P# Style 'uide to +lectronic ,eferences 345/4, p. <6 notes t'at it is still accepta!le to use t'e older style o* ($) *ormat in a citation, *or e-ampleI Rostok, M. 345//6. Android malware. )n >. >. Frank 3Ed.6( +ncycloedia of mo6ile security. doiI/5.:4/FJAF<:JF;44.000.40/ %ibrar3 database without 1!I #mit', A. J. 3455/6. %'ild development. )n B. #trickland 3Ed.6, The 'ale encycloedia of sychology. Retrieved *rom 'ttpIJJwww.gale.cengage.comJ +o 1!I4 'ind the publisher's homepage (o a "e! searc' 3using a searc' engine suc' as 2oogle or 7a'ooQ6 to Dnd t'e address o* t'e 'omepage o* t'e Kournal t'at pu!lis'ed t'e article and include it in your citation. Please !e aware, 'owever, t'at t'e *ull te-t o* encyclopedia may not actually !e availa!le at t'e Kpu!lis'er+s 'omepage. Cannot fnd the publisher's homepage4 )n t'is case, do a "e! searc' 3using a searc' engine suc' as 2oogle or 7a'ooQ6 *or t'e name o* t'e data!ase you are using 3*or e-ample, =J#&$R= or =Business #ource %omplete=6 and use t'e address o* its 'omepage. /ore info In-text citation examples *eneral $ules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc. Boo>, &ilm and P"oduct #e?ie7s (Publication Manual, pp- 200,209) (ource $eference %ist Citation %ibrar3 database 2rimes, ". 34550, (ecem!er /:6. Beyond Mandalay, t'e road to isolation and -enop'o!ia GReview o* t'e !ook The river of lost footstes" Histories of 1urma( !y &. Myint1H. New York Times, pp. EF, E/5. Retrieved *rom 'ttpIJJwww.nytimes.comJ An untitled book5 flm5 or product re&iew 6for example5 a re&iew co&ering multiple works7# 2u'a, M. 345506. GReview o* t'e !ooks 0leeting leasures" # history of into8icants( !y M. @ondon and -irty" # search for answers inside #merica9s teenage drug eidemic, !y M. MaranH. Journal of :ental Health( %., A/:A/0. Retrieved *rom 'ttpIJJwww.in*ormaworld.comJsmppJtitleTcontentPtA/:9:4<;< Follow t'e correct *ormatting *or t'e type o* pu!lication 3e.g. a newspaper, a sc'olarly Kournal6 t'e review is taken *rom, including t'e ($) i* one is availa!le. 'ree Web %o'en, P. 3455A, May ;6. @ove, 'onor, c'eris', and !uy GReview o* t'e !ook ;ne erfect day" The selling of the #merican wedding( !y R. MeadH. New York Times. Retrieved *rom 'ttpIJJwww.nytimes.comJ455AJ5<J5;J!ooksJ5;!ride.'tml /ore info In-text citation examples *eneral $ules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc. &op Boo>s (Publication Manual, pp- 202,20/) (ource $eference %ist Citation .asic book Jans, N. 3/;;:6. The last light 6reaking" 5ife among #laska9s !nuiat +skimos. Anc'orage, A>I Alaska Nort'west Books. "dited book Miller, J., ? #mit', &. 3Eds.6. 3/;;06. Cae Cod stories" Tales from Cae Cod( Nantucket( and :artha9s <ineyard. #an Francisco, %AI %'ronicle Books. For a single editor, use =3Ed.6=. .ooks where the author and publisher are the same American Psyc'ological Association. 3455;6. Pu6lication manual of the #merican Psychological #ssociation 30t' ed.6. "as'ington, (%I Aut'or. +umbered edition other than the frst Arking, R. 345506. The 6iology of aging" ;6servations and rinciles 3:rd ed.6. New 7ork, N7I $-*ord 1niversity Press. $e&ised edition %ulliney, J. @. 345506. !slands in a far sea" The fate of nature in Hawai9i3Rev. ed.6. Bonolulu, B)I 1niversity o* Bawai+i Press. /ulti-&olume set 2reen, %. M. 3/;04/;0:6. 7ashington 3Cols. /46. Princeton, NJI Princeton 1niversity Press. )* volumes in a work or set are pu!lis'ed in diRerent years, give t'e range o* years separated !y a das' as a!ove. Chapter or article in an antholog3 Eliot, &. #. 3455/6. &radition and t'e individual talent. )n C. B. @eitc' 3Ed.6, The Norton anthology of theory and criticism 3pp. /5;4 /5;A6. New 7ork, N7I ". ". Norton. 3$riginal work pu!lis'ed /;456 Note t'at t'e page num!ers o* an article or c'apter are preceded !y =pp.= w'en citing it 3*or e-ample, =pp. 4<<5=6. )n cases w'ere an articleJc'apter occupies a single page, t'e page is preceded !y =p.= 3e-. =p. 9=6. )* an article 'as !een reprinted *rom a source pu!lis'ed earlier, give t'e original date o* pu!lication in t'e =original work= element o* t'e citation as s'own a!ove 3w'en using t'is element, the =nal eriod in a citation is omitted6. /ore info In-text citation examples *eneral $ules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc. Tips# Cities, States and Countries: %or &.'. cities, add the standard postal abbreiations for state (for e"ample, $%'at'am, MA$). %oreign cities should be follo*ed b! the name of their countr! (e". $Bris!ane, Australia$). Place of publication: 'eparate place of publication from publisher *ith a colon (for e"ample $New 7ork, N7I Sone Books$). +f more than one cit! is gien, list onl! the first. Publisher names: $,o.$, $+nc.$ and related abbreiations should not be included in citations (for e"ample, $+an R. Dee, +nc.$ should be gien as $)van R. (ee$.) &op E,Boo>s (Stle !uide, pp- %2,%0)
(ource $eference %ist Citation %ibrar3 database with 1!I %'aRe#tengel, P., ? #tengel, (. 345/46. 7orking with samle data" +8loration and inference.'ttpIJJd-.doi.orgJ/5.9/4FJ;AF/0509;4/9A What is a 1!I4 #ome li!rary data!ases, suc' as Academic #earc' %omplete and Psyc)NF$, list a (igital $!Kect )dentiDer 3($)6 *or individual e!ooks. A ($) is a uni8ue identi*ying num!er *or an e!ook. )n t'e data!ase record *or an e!ook, you will see an element t'at looks like t'is, w'ic' you s'ould include at t'e end o* your APA re*erence, preceded !y ='ttpIJJd-.doi.orgJ=I &'is link will allow a reader to link to doi.org *or more in*ormation a!out t'e e!ook. Bowever, t'e #P# Style 'uide to +lectronic ,eferences notes t'at it is still accepta!le to use t'e older style o* ($) *ormat in a citation 3see page <6, *or e-ampleI %onoloR, A. 345/46. Salvaging the su6ur6s.doiI//.FFA5J055/J4/44.994.40/ %ibrar3 e-book database without 1!I Miller, @. 3455F6. Careers for nature lovers > other outdoor tyes.Retrieved *rom 'ttpIJJwww.e!sco'ost.com +o 1!I4 8se the 8$% for the database "'en a !ook 'as no ($), write URetrieved *romV *ollowed !y t'e 1R@ o* t'e data!ase. 1se t'ese 1R@s *or li!rary e!ook data!asesI EB',- eBooks ,ollection# Retrieved *rom 'ttpIJJwww.e!sco'ost.com 'afari Books -nline# Retrieved *rom 'ttpIJJwww.sa*ari!ooksonline.com Books ./"0# Retrieved *rom 'ttpIJJli!rary.!ooks49-A.com .ook read on an e- book reader 2ladwell, M. 3455F6. ;utliers" The story of success G>indle (W versionH. Retrieved *rom 'ttpIJJwww.amazon.com A*ter t'e !ook title, put in !rackets t'e name o* t'e e!ook reader, wit' t'e word Uversion.V Follow t'at wit' t'e ($). )* t'e !ook 'as no ($), write URetrieved *romV *ollowed !y t'e 1R@ o* t'e site *rom w'ic' you downloaded t'e e!ook. 'ree Web #eton, E. &. 3/;//6. The #rctic rairies" # canoe$?ourney of &(*** miles in search of the cari6ou. Retrieved *rom 'ttpIJJwww.guten!erg.orgJete-tJ0F/F .ook chapter from a librar3 database 6suggested format7 Xuina, >., ? >anarian, M. A. 3/;FF6. %ontinuing education. )n P. Bronstein ? >. Xuina 3Eds.6, Teaching a sychology of eole" ,esources for gender and sociocultural awareness 3pp. 45545F6. Retrieved *rom 'ttpIJJwww.e!sco'ost.comJacademicJpsycin*o "'en using Kust a c'apter *rom a !ook t'e same rules apply regarding ($) or no ($) as listed a!ove, depending on w'ere t'e !ook was retrieved. /ore info In-text citation examples *eneral $ules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc. &op =eb Sites (Stle !uide, pp- 1%,1/) (ource $eference %ist Citation A specifc page within a Web site #ea &urtle Restoration ProKect. 345506. &'reats to sea turtles. Retrieved *rom 'ttpIJJseaturtles.orgJsection.p'pLidP/59 In-text Citation# 3#ea &urtle Restoration ProKect, 45506 "ntire Web site )* you re*er to an entire "e! site, you do not need to include an entry *or it in your re*erence list, !ut must identi*y t'e source clearly in t'e te-t o* your paper. For e-ampleI &'e #ea &urtle Restoration ProKect 'omepage presents a wealt' o* compelling, wellresearc'ed in*ormation on t'e struggle to save t'e world+s sea turtles *rom e-tinction 3'ttpIJJwww.seaturtles.org6. /ore info If you think that the content of a Web site ill chan!e o"er time, you can include the date that you "ieed the cited information in your #retrie"ed from# line$ *eneral $ules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc. &op @nline Class"oom Mate"ials (ource $eference %ist Citation A document in a 8/8C online classroom "'it*ord, (. 345506. Cross$curricular initiatives in NSC!%@*. (ocument posted in 1niversity o* Maryland 1niversity %ollege N#%) /A5 0;F/ online classroom, arc'ived atI 'ttpIJJcampus.umuc.edu No o,cial APA *ormat *or citing online classroom materials e-ists t'is is merely a recommended *ormat to use in citing suc' documents. /ore info In-text citation examples *eneral $ules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc. &op *echnical and #esea"ch #epo"ts (Publication Manual, pp- 202,2069 Stle !uide, pp- %9,2%) (ource $eference %ist Citation 'ree Web 1.#. 2overnment Accounta!ility $,ce. 345/5, Marc'6. !nformation security" Concerted eAort needed to consolidate and secure !nternet connections at federal agencies 3Pu!lication No. 2A$/5 4:A6. Retrieved *rom 'ttpIJJwww.gao.govJassetsJ:/5J:5/FA0.pd* In print 1.#. 2overnment Accounta!ility $,ce. 345/5, Marc'6. !nformation security" Concerted eAort needed to consolidate and secure !nternet connections at federal agencies 3Pu!lication No. 2A$/5 4:A6. "as'ington, (%I Aut'or. "'en t'e aut'or is also t'e pu!lis'er, t'e pu!lis'er+s name s'ould !e listed as Aut'or. /ore info In-text citation examples *eneral $ules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc. Tip# 1he element of the citation giing the publication or report number can be omitted if this information is not aailable for the source !ou2re citing. &op <isse"tations and *heses (Publication Manual, pp- 20.,2009 Stle !uide, pp- 22,21) <isse"tations (ource $eference %ist Citation 1issertations and Theses database Pecore, J. &. 345596. Sounding the sirit of Cam6odia" The living tradition of Bhmer music and dance$drama in a 7ashington( -C community 3(octoral dissertation6. Retrieved *rom (issertations and &'eses data!ase. 31M) No. ://9A456 Note t'at a URetrieved *romV statement is used, giving t'e data!ase name *ollowed !y t'e word Udata!ase.V Also, APA calls *or t'e citation to end wit' a uni8ue identi*ying num!er *or t'e dissertation, la!eling it U1M) No.V &'at num!er can !e *ound in (issertations and &'eses data!ase, listed in t'e item record as UPu!lication Num!er.V 'ree Web %aprette, %. @. 3455<6. ConCuering the cold shudder" The origin and evolution of snake eyes 3(octoral dissertation6. Retrieved *rom 'ttpIJJwww.o'iolink.eduJetdJsendpd*.cgiL accNnumPosu/////F9;F9 In print %aprette, %. @. 3455<6. ConCuering the cold shudder" The origin and evolution of snake eyes 3(octoral dissertation6. $'io #tate 1niversity, %olum!us, $B. /ore info In-text citation examples *eneral $ules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc. Maste"As *heses (ource $eference %ist Citation 1issertations and Theses database Barz!ecker, J. J. 3/;;;6. 5ife and death in 7ashington -C" #n analysis of the :ortality Census data of %3.* 3Master+s t'esis6. Retrieved *rom (issertations and &'eses data!ase. 31M) No. /:;<</:6 Note t'at a URetrieved *romV statement is used, giving t'e data!ase name *ollowed !y t'e word Udata!ase.V Also, APA calls *or t'e citation to end wit' a uni8ue identi*ying num!er *or t'e dissertation, la!eling it U1M) No.V &'at num!er can !e *ound in (issertations and &'eses data!ase, listed in t'e item record as UPu!lication Num!er.V 'ree Web Angelova, A. N. 345596. -ata runing 3Master+s t'esis6. Retrieved *rom 'ttpIJJresolver.caltec'.eduJ%altec'E&(Ietd5<4F4559555;9: In print Angelova, A. N. 345596. -ata runing 3Master+s t'esis6. %ali*ornia )nstitute o* &ec'nology, Pasadena, %A. /ore info In-text citation examples *eneral $ules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc. &op )ma5es (Stle !uide, p- 2.) *itled )ma5e (ource $eference %ist Citation %ibrar3 database Rousseau, B. 3/F;06. The shi in the storm GPaintingH. Retrieved *rom $-*ord Art $nline data!ase. 'ree Web Rousseau, B. 3/F;06. The shi in the storm GPaintingH. Retrieved *rom 'ttpIJJwww.uwm.eduJTwas'Jrousseau.Kpg Image reproduced in a printed source Rousseau, B. 3/F;06. The shi in the storm GPaintingH. Henri ,ousseau" Jungles in Paris. By %laire Fresc'es et al. "as'ington, (%I National 2allery o* Art. 4:4. &'e plateJimage num!er 3or, i* t'is num!er is not availa!le, t'e page num!er on w'ic' t'e image is printed6 s'ould *ollow t'e name o* t'e pu!lis'er as s'own. /ore info In-text citation examples *eneral $ules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc. 6ntitled )ma5e %reate a !rie* title *or it and place it in !rackets, unitalicized. (ource $eference %ist Citation %ibrar3 database Muy!ridge, E. GP'otograp' o* a 'orse runningH. 3/FFA6. Retrieved *rom Academic #earc' %omplete data!ase. Image reproduced in a printed source Muy!ridge, E. GP'otograp' o* a 'orse runningH. 3/FFA6. ,iver of shadows" +adweard :uy6ridge and the technological wild 7est. By Re!ecca #olnit. New 7ork, N7I Ciking. <4. &'e plateJimage num!er 3or, i* t'is num!er is not availa!le, t'e page num!er on w'ic' t'e image is printed6 s'ould *ollow t'e name o* t'e pu!lis'er as s'own. /ore info In-text citation examples *eneral $ules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc. Tips# Medium: +f kno*n, the medium of the image should be placed in brackets as sho*n aboe, and the collection *hich o*ns the image included in !our citation along *ith its location. Institution locations: %or &.'. cities, add the standard postal abbreiations for state (for e"ample, $%'at'am, MA$). %oreign cities should be follo*ed b! the name of their countr! (e". $Bris!ane, Australia$). &op )nte"?ie7s, E,mail Messa5es, and @the" Pe"sonal Communications (Publication Manual, p- %.9) (ource "xample 9ersonal communication A9A does not re)uire that 3ou cite personal communications 6inter&iews 3ou'&e conducted5 e-mail messages5 etc7 in 3our reference list )nstead, give an inte-t citation only using t'e *ollowing modelI!n Joe #mit' 3personal communication, Novem!er /F, 45506 in*ormed me t'at t'e server 'ad cras'ed several 'ours ago. /ore info In-text citation examples *eneral $ules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc.