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2012
RADIO PLANNING PROCESS
Ali Murat KILI / Nur MALKAZ
Kemal YAMAN (AVEA)
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Halil Tanyer EYYUBOLU
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Avea, the sole GSM 1800 mobile operator of
Turkey, was founded in 2004
As GSM sector's youngest, most dynamic and the
alternative operator, Avea brought a new
competitive environment to Turkish GSM market
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Radio Planning (AVEA)
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Link Budget
Radio Path Link Budget
Free Space Loss
Fade Margin
Fresnel Zone
Fading of The Signal
Rain fading
Receiver sensitivity
Modulation
Steps of Link Design
Content
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Radio Planning (AVEA)
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The main aim of radio network planning is
to provide a cost-effective solution for the radio
network in terms of capacity and quality.
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Radio Planning (AVEA)
Accounting of all the gains and losses between
transmitter and receiver
P
RX
=P
TX
+G
TX
-L
MS
+G
RX
-L
FS
Link Budget
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Radio Planning (AVEA)
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Transmiter output: + 25 dBm
Antenna TX: + 10 dBi (an Omni)
FSL (1 km at 2.4 GHz): -100 dB
Antenna RX : + 10 dBi
Miscellaneous Loss (TX+RX) : -10dBm
Receiver Sensitivity Threshold: - 70 dBm
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
RSL = P
tx
L
MS
+ G
tx
+ G
rx
L
FSL
= 25-10+10+10-100=-65 dB
Fade margin=RSL-THRESHOLD=-65-(-70)=+ 5dB margin
Complete link budget calculation:
Link Feasibility
RSL Receiver
Sensitivity Threshold
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Radio Planning (AVEA)
Radio Path Link Budget
Link Budget
Transmitter 1
Receiver 1
Splitter
Splitter
Transmitter 2
Receiver 2
Output
Power (Tx)
25dBm
Miscellaneous -5dBm
waveguide
F
S
L
A
n
t
e
n
n
a

G
a
i
n
Miscellaneous -5dBm
Receiver threshold Value
Fade Margin +5dB
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Radio Planning (AVEA)
+10dBi +10dBi
-100dB
-70 dBm
RSL -65dB
Fade Margin
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Radio Planning (AVEA)
Higher Fade Margin provide better Link Reliability
Fresnel zones result from diffraction by the circular aperture
Fresnel Zone
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Radio Planning (AVEA)
F
n
= The nth Fresnel Zone radius in meters
d
1
= The distance of P from one end in meters
d
2
= The distance of P from the other end in meters
= The wavelength of the transmitted signal in meters
TRANSMITTER ANTENNA
RECEIVER ANTENNA
Absorption of a RF signal by atmospheric condition
Reducing The Effects Of Rain
Site diversity
Power control
Receiving antennas larger than
the requested size for normal weather conditions
Rain Fading
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Radio Planning (AVEA)
Number of bit errors / total number of transferred bits = BER
FACTORS AFFECTING THE BER (BIT ERROR RATE)
Noise
Attenuation
Receiver Sensitivity
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Radio Planning (AVEA)
LoS SURVEY WORKFLOW
IN OFFICE
Deciding to location of transmitter and receiver
antennas
Prepare a common LoS template
ON SITE
Verify position with GPS
Take photographs
Estimate required tower heights
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Radio Planning (AVEA)
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Radio Planning (AVEA)
1. To determine equipment and other parameters.
2. Working out antenna heights for the link.
3.To determine the reliability of the link.
Steps of Link Design:
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Radio Planning (AVEA)
LINK DESIGN
Software Tools are used
Inputs to the tool
Frequency( GHz)
Sight Co-ordinates
-Property Latitude
-Property Longitude
Antenna Type
-Height(m)
-Direction( )
-Polarization
Radio Type
Modulation Type
Tx Power(dBm)
Tx Attenuator(dB)
Tx and Rx Misc Loss (dB)
Tool Output
Rx Level (dBm)
Availability Prediction
TRANSMISSION LINK
PARAMETERS
FREQUENCY (GHz) 10,5 15 23 26 38
Distance (Km) 0,5 2 15 40
ANTENNA (m) 0.2 0.3 0.6 1.0 1.2 1.8
BANDWIDTH (MHz) 7
14
28
MODULATION QPSK 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM
TX LEVEL Max 30 dBm
RX LEVEL [-30 dBm -90 dBm]
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Example Of Radio Link Calculation
Which is Used in Real Life
Radio Planning
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Outdoor Unit (ODU)
Indoor Unit (IDU)
Outdoor Unit for Microwave Radio
Systems 10.5 to 38 GHz Frequency
Range
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Microwave Radio Link Antenna size varies
with 0.2 to1.8 m
7MHz 14MHz 28MHz
Number of E1(2 Mbps) Number of E1( Mbps) Number of E1(Mbps)
QPSK 4 10 20
16QAM 10 20 43
32QAM 13 25 53
64QAM 15 31 63
128QAM 18 37 74
256QAM 21 43 86
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Bttrich,S., 2005, Radio Link Calculation Crated
Ericsson,2004, The Future of GSM Copyright
Manning,T. ,2009, Microwave Radio Transmission Design
Guide,2nd Edition, Artech House, Boston
Winch, R.G. , 1998, Telecommunications Transmission
Systems, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill
References
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