Conference Handbook

AKAHMUN | Conference Handbook

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Letter from the Secretary General
An Introduction to AKAHMUN
About the Secretariat
Conference Schedule
Delegate Preparation
Conference Procedure
Helpful Resources
Contact Information
TABLE OF CONTENTS




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Letter from the Secretary General

Dear delegates,
Welcome to the inaugural edition of The Aga Khan Academy, Hyderabad Model United Nations!
We hope that you are as excited as we are for an amazing weekend that lies ahead of us. You
will experience, for the first time at the Aga Khan Academy one of the most exciting, gripping
and intense conference.
What's unique about AKAHMUN is that you will have the opportunity to debate on issues of
global concern and assume the roles of UN diplomats. Your aim through this conference will be
to try and come up with a solution to some of the most peace threatening conflicts between
these several nations of the world that is acceptable to all the parties involved. You will be
challenged at every step, as you attempt to put forth your opinion, ensure the welfare of your
people, and most importantly protect your nation.
The people of your nation look up to you and trust you to act in their best interest. So gear up
to be part of a one of its kind conclave of worldwide leaders as they attempt to shape world
history.
We look forward to seeing you at the conference!

Yours Sincerely,
Alisha Sonawalla,
Secretary General
AKAHMUN 2013




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An Introduction to AKAHMUN

Hosted by the Aga Khan Academy, Hyderabad, AKAHMUN is a platform that brings together
distinct delegates to express their views and discuss matters of grave importance to the global
society. By simulating organs of the United Nations, AKAHMUN, 2013 aims to provide an
opportunity for delegates to practice and develop their skills in research, negotiation, debate
and diplomacy.

AKAHMUN is an initiative of the umbrella organization The Aga Khan Academy Students
International Relations Council, which aims to increase awareness of global issues in the
Academy and the society at large.






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About the Secretariat, Executive Board & OC

Alisha Sonawalla
Secretary General
Crisis Director



Reaa Mehta
Director General
Crisis Director

Susant Polavarapu
Under-Secretary General General Assembly
Director, DISEC

Vishaal Kondoor
Director, DISEC




Aishwarry Pettie
Under-Secretary General ECOSOC
Director, ECOSOC
Vineet Karlapalem
Director, ECOSOC




Raeesa Rane
Under-Secretary General Specialized Agency
Director, Security Council
Dhishana Kidambi
Director, Security Council







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Pranay Yadav
Under-Secretary General Innovation and
Technology



Imtiyaz Hariyani
Head of Logistics





Nidhitha Kothapalli
Director of International Press

Saheb Lakhani
Director of International Press






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Conference Schedule




















9

November 2013


10

November 2013

9.00 am 10.30 am Committee session I
10.30 am 11.00 am Snack break
11.00 am 1.00 pm Committee session II
1.00 pm 2.00 pm Lunch
2.00 pm 4.00 pm Committee session III
4.00 pm 4.30 pm Snack break
4.30 pm 6.00 pm Committee session IV
7.00 pm 8.00 pm Dinner
8.00 pm 9.30 pm Delegate dance



8

November 2013


4.00 pm 4.45 pm Registration
4.45 pm 5.30 pm Opening Ceremony
5.45 pm 7.15 pm Committee session I
7.15 pm 7.55 pm Dinner
8.00 pm 9.30 pm Committee session II

9.00 am 10.30 am Committee session I
10.30 am 11.00 am Snack break
11.00 am 1.00 pm Committee session II
1.00 pm 2.00 pm Lunch
2.00 pm 4.00 pm Closing ceremony and awards









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Delegate Preparation

Badges/ ID cards

These will be handed out to the delegates on the first day of the conference. They are to be
worn at all times.


Food and Beverages

Delegates will be provided with lunch and beverages on all three days of the conference.

Dress Code

Delegates may dress in western formals, Indian formals or school uniforms. Boys may wear
either a suit or a jacket, a button down shirt and dress pants. A necktie is essential, as are dress
shoes. Sandals, jeans and other such patently informal articles of clothing will not be allowed.
Girls may wear dresses, skirts or slacks. Miniskirts are not permitted and blouses and sweaters
must be appropriate for the occasion. Alternatively boys may wear kurta- pajama and girls may
wear salwar-kameez or other Indian formals. If any delegate wishes to wear his/her school
uniform they may do so.

Study Guides

Study guides for individual committees have been posted on the website. These will be the
foundation for your research for the conference.








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Conference Procedure

SCOPE
The rules outlined shall apply to all regular sessions of all committees. These rules are self-
sufficient and no other rules shall apply, unless otherwise stated in the supplementary rules for
any committee. In situations that are not covered by the rules, the Chair shall have the final
authority.

LANGUAGE
English will be the official and working language of the conference.

STATEMENT BY THE SECRETARIAT
At any time any member of the Secretariat may make an oral or written statement or
announcement to the committee regarding an update of their topic, also called an emergency.
Such an announcement is usually not questionable. Exceptions will be discussed with
delegates.

GENERAL POWERS OF THE COMMITTEE STAFF
The chairs will declare the opening and closing of each committee session and have the power
to pass anything at their discretion. The chairs have control over the proceedings of committee
at all times with regard to procedure.
The chairs will direct the flow of formal debate, accord the right to speak, put questions before
the committee, announce decisions, rule on points of order and ensure and enforce the
observance of these rules.
The Press Corps is free to publish any material that lies within the scope of this conference and
all delegates participating in this conference hereby agree to be quoted/ referenced/
represented in photographs of all press publications. The Press may enter and observe
committee proceedings on the basis that the committee has no significant objections to their
presence.






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APPEAL
Delegates are free to appeal any decision made by the Moderator or Director. However, it is the
Directors decision to accept or reject any appeals. Should the appeal not be related to
immediate committee proceedings but the committee as a whole, the delegates may appeal to
the Secretariat.

ON DEBATE
Debate is initiated with the General Speakers List through a motion introduced by a delegate.
All delegates who wish to have their name on the general speakers list will be asked to raise
their placard at the beginning, followed by which delegates may pass a chit to the chair
requesting their name to be added to the list.
To counter this, delegates may (and should) motion for a Moderated Caucuses on specific parts
of the topic area. For example, if the topic of the day were the Indo-Pak war of 1947, at some
point delegates may motion for a ten minute moderated caucus, with an allotted time of thirty
seconds per speaker, to discuss the division of Kashmir. During the particular moderated
caucus, if a delegate strays from the given topic, a Point of Order (explained below) could be
called as a reprimand. Overall the debate in a moderated caucus proceeds much more rapidly
than that of the Speakers List.













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DEBATE
Debate may be carried out through:
General Speakers List
Special Speakers List
Moderated Caucus
Un-moderated Caucus

General Speakers List: The General Speakers List is open throughout the discussion of the
topic area. Motions to open any other medium of debate will not close the General Speakers
List, but will only overlap it. Hence, if your country is in queue to speak on it and another
medium of debate is opened, your country will remain that position once the General Speakers
List is returned to. To get your country on the list, simply pass a note to the chair stating your
desire to be added to the end of the list. Speakers List is ordered on a first come first serve
basis provided that their name is not already on the list. Anything within the scope of the topic
area may be discussed. The General Speakers List may never be closed.
After a delegate finishes his/her speech, he has the option of yielding.

WHAT ARE YIELDS?
During formal debate, delegates must specify how they wish to yield their after his speech as
concluded. If a delegate fails to specify how he or she will be yielding his or her time, the yield
will default to the Chair unless otherwise specified by the Chair. Delegates can yield their time
in one of four ways:
To the Chair: The remaining speaking time is forfeit and the committee moves on.
To Comments: Two delegates will be recognized by the chair to make thirty-second
comments pertaining solely to the speech just delivered. The Chair shall call to order a
speaker whose comments are not germane to the preceding speech. If a delegate yields
his or her remaining time to comments, two thirty-second comments are always
granted, regardless of remaining speaking time.
To Another Delegate: The delegate may grant the balance of his or her speaking time to
another delegate. A dele-gate who has been yielded to may not make further yields on
the remaining time.






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To Questions: The delegate may use the remainder of his or her time to answer
questions posed by other dele-gates. The Chair shall select delegates to pose questions,
and only the time used to respond to questions shall be counted against the speakers
remaining time. The Chair may cut off a delegate who takes too long to ask a question.

CAUCUS
During any point of general debate a delegate may propose a caucus and designate a type, time
limit, reason and in the case of a moderated caucus, a speaking time. There are two types of
Caucuses:
Moderated Caucus: The purpose of a moderated caucus is to facilitate substantive
debate at critical junctures in the discussion. The approval of such a motion rests
entirely in the hands of the committee staff and is not subject to appeal. During a
moderated caucus, the Director will suspend the Speakers List, and call on delegates
to speak at his/her discretion. A moderated caucus is also opened for a specified
purpose and a specified time. In a moderated Caucus, try to be precise and to the
point. As far as possible, refrain from going off the immediate, specific, subtopic.
Please do not over-step your time limit.
Un-moderated Caucus: This is essentially an informal discussion amongst delegates
and has no procedural rules. Delegates generally use it to formulate directives or
resolutions. It must be motioned for, and it also requires a purpose and a specific
time.
Suspension or Adjournment of Session: When the floor is open, a delegate may
move to suspend or adjourn the meeting. If such a motion is in order, it requires a
majority to pass. A motion to adjourn the meeting shall only be in order once three-
quarters of the time allotted for the last meeting of the committee has lapsed.
Postponement or Resumption of Debate: When the floor is open, a delegate may
move to postpone debate on particular resolution or amendment currently on the
floor. The motion requires a two-thirds majority vote for its passage, and at the
MUN is only valid once two thirds of the allotted committee session time has
elapsed.
Reconsideration: A motion to reconsider is in order when an amendment or
resolution has been adopted or rejected and must be made by a member who voted
with the majority. The Moderator will recognize two speakers against this motion,
after which it is put to immediate vote. A two-thirds majority of the members
present and voting is required for reconsideration.





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Closure of Debate: When the floor is open a delegate may move to close debate on
a substantive or procedural matter under discussion. When closure of debate is
motioned for, the Moderator will recognize two speakers against the motion. No
speakers in favour of the motion shall be heard. If the committee is in favour of
closure, the Moderator will declare the closure of debate, and the resolution or
amendment being debated will be put to immediate vote.

COMPETENCE:
Question of competence are limited to questioning whether the committee has appropriate
jurisdiction to discuss a substantive issue. A motion to question the competence of the
committee to discuss a substantive issue is in order only immediately after that substantive
document has been introduced. The motion requires a majority to pass and is debatable to the
extent of one speaker for and one against.
Question of competence of a committee to discuss an approved topic area is out of order.

TABLING
A motion to table refers to one that allows the working paper at hand to be instantly failed,
however at the discretion of the chair there shall be a one for speaker and one against speaker
if the working paper/communiqu is considered exceptionally controversial. Tabling requires a
two-thirds majority.

RECESS
A motion to recess will be considered if there is approximately 15 minutes left to the end of the
committee and the committee has considered the most obvious and important topic they have
at hand. A motion to adjourn will only be considered 15 minutes prior to the scheduled end of
the final session of committee or if every topic on the agenda has been considered.

ADDRESSING THE COMMITTEE
At no point in procedure may a delegate address committee without the permission of the
chair. If a delegate does so he will be immediately called to order.






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RIGHT TO REPLY
If a delegate feels that their personal sentiments have been hurt he may ask for a right to reply.
If the chair feels it appropriate the delegate may address committee for 45 seconds in
reference to the insult and request a written apology.

PARLIAMENTARY POINTS
a) Point of Order
A point of order can be raised when a delegate makes either a factual or procedural
inaccuracy while speaking. This cannot interrupt a speaker. A delegation rising to a point
of order may not speak on the substance of the matter under discussion. The Chair may
refuse to recognize a point of order if the delegation has not shown proper restraint and
decorum governing the use of such a right, or if the point is dilatory in nature. A
delegate raising a point of order must abide by the following format: "The delegate of
______________ (delegate who has made a factual error) said _______________(quote
the factually incorrect words), however in reality_________________(provide the
factually correct information)."

b) Point of Personal Privilege
During the discussion of any matter, a delegation may rise to a point of personal
privilege, and the point of personal privilege shall be immediately addressed by the
Chair. A point of personal privilege can be used to interrupt a speaker, but the point
must refer to the delegates personal comfort (e.g. cannot hear, too hot) and not to
personal insult.

c) Point of Parliamentary Inquiry
A point of parliamentary inquiry is a request for clarification of the rules of procedure.
Points of parliamentary inquiry may not interrupt a speaker.

SUBMISSION OF PROPOSALS
A proposed draft working paper can be submitted to the chair at any time along with any
amendments for approval prior to proposing it. A delegate may motion to approach the chair. If
this is accepted by the chair, the delegate can approach the dais and show his working paper. A
delegate can then motion to introduce his directive/communiqu/resolution/working paper.





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WITHDRAWL OF PROPOSALS
A delegation may withdraw sponsorship of a resolution or amendment at any time before
voting has commenced. Such desires to withdraw sponsorship must be submitted to the dais in
writing. If sponsorship falls below the required number of two sponsors, the proposal shall be
considered withdrawn from debate. A proposal that is withdrawn may be introduced.

PREFACE:
If a delegate wishes to provide the committee with a small introduction to his
directive/communiqu he may propose one with which may be passed by the discretion of the
chair.

AMENDMENTS
Amendments, which correct matters such as spelling, format or grammar, need not be voted
upon and will be passed by the discretion of the chair. Amendments can be made to directives,
resolutions, directives and communiqus if they are submitted to the chair first, approved by
the chair, and then proposed in that order.
Friendly Amendments-These do not require to be voted upon but can be included in the paper
work if approved by the sponsors.
Unfriendly Amendments-These are to be debated upon and passed with a simple majority.

QUESTION-ANSWER SESSIONS
Immediately following the introduction of a draft resolution/directive, any delegate other than
a sponsor may move for a question-answer session. When making the motion, the delegate
must specify the length for the question and answer period and a limit to the speaking time.
The Chair may accept or refuse this motion at their discretion; this decision is not subject to
appeal. If accepted, this motion requires a simple majority to pass, and delegates will be
recognized by the Chair to ask questions to sponsors pertaining specifically to the draft
resolution in question. Once the question has been posed, one sponsor may respond to the
question within the speaking time. This pattern shall continue until either the time allotted for
the question and answer period has elapsed or if no more delegates wish to raise questions.






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VOTING:
During voting procedure, only a yes/for or no/against votes will be around with
abstains and rights only being considered during formal voting procedure, such as for a
directive/communiqu but not for procedural voting. There are two types of a vote:
Roll Call Vote: On a substantive matter, any member of the body may request a roll call
vote, the granting of which is at the Chairs discretion and cannot be appealed. The roll
shall be done alphabetically, either from the beginning of the alphabet or from a
randomly chosen letter.
Pass: During a roll call vote, a delegate may pass, in which case he or she will be placed
at the end of the voting roll. However, a delegate may only vote in the affirmative or
negative only; abstentions are not in order for passed votes.
Rights of Explanation: During a roll-call vote, members may request a right of
explanation by responding yes, with rights or no, with rights. At the end of the roll,
all members who had voted with rights will be given the opportunity to explain their
decision, if their decision was unexpected. The Chair may impose a time limit upon such
explanations.
NOTE: Voting with rights is to be used ONLY if your vote goes against an important country
policy. For example-If Pakistan votes for a resolution which states that it will withdraw troops
from PoK, can it vote yes with rights because this goes against its regular policies. However if
Pakistan votes against a resolution that allows foreign intervention in Syria, Pakistan should not
vote with rights because this is its regular foreign policy.

DIVIDING THE QUESTION
If a resolution/working paper has clauses that require to be voted upon separately by the
sponsors, they can motion to divide the question. A simple majority to pass each clause is
required. This is entertained after all amendments have been introduced and voted upon. The
chair will rank the clause in the order of most-least destructive.

ORDER OF PRECEDENCE
Order of precedence refers to the order in which the given motions (if raised by delegates at
the same time) will be voted upon by the committee.
1. Parliamentary Points
Points that may interrupt a Speaker:
Point of Order




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Point of Personal Privilege
Points that are in order when the floor is Open:
Right of Reply
Point of Parliamentary Inquiry

2. Non-debatable Procedural Motions
Time Limit on Speeches
Censure
Un-moderated Caucus
Moderated Caucus
Adjournment of the Meeting

3. Other Procedural Motions
During debate:
Closure of Debate
Tabling of Topic
Question of Competence

After the closure of debate:
Division of the Question
Important Question

4. Substantive Motions
Introducing any paper work
Introducing Amendments



RESOLUTIONS
On Resolution Writing: Before it is formally introduced to the committee, a resolution is
referred to as a Draft Resolution. The Director of your committee would like all drafts to deal
with ideas and opinions presented in directives and existing resolutions, as well as new ideas
and innovations. Remember, a final resolution has to present a well thought out, feasible
solution that will solve the crisis at hand. Your draft resolution should present the same logical
flow that will be present in the final resolution. A sample resolution is presented later in this
conference handbook.




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A draft resolution needs three things before it can be introduced to the floor. First, it needs the
signatures (but not approval) of at least 1/5th of the total members to that committee. A word
about signing being a signatory in no way signifies approval for that resolution, you are not
bound to vote for or against a resolution just by being a signatory. Being a signatory merely
implies that you feel that this resolution should be introduced to formal debate. You are signing
to introduce a resolution to debate no more, no less.
Secondly, a resolution needs to present a logical, simple and above all feasible solution to the
situation at hand. If your Director (Moderator or Assistant Director) feels that the solution
presented in the resolution is unworkable, he/she will refuse to introduce it to committee. At
AKAHMUN, we work on the principle of one final resolution, and so the draft resolution has to
be extensive enough to cover the entire topic area.
Thirdly, a resolution needs sponsors and who are willing to amend and emend (correct
grammatical errors), the resolution until it suits everybody else, without compromising the
meaning or original premises of the resolution. Amending a resolution is just like writing the
resolution itself. Your amendment has to be presented in resolution format, and along with it
you should submit a short note specifying which parts of the resolution you wish to amend, and
amendments as a cause of your amendment (renumbering, change of tense, etc.)
Since, at AKAHMUN, there is only one final resolution, if a resolution passes, all others will have
failed automatically. Voting proceeds in three rounds in the first of which you can ask for
voting rights which implies that between the second and third rounds you may express your
reasons for changing your vote. If you choose to change your vote in the second round, your
rights are null and void. The first two rounds proceed in alphabetical order by roll call and the
last by show of placards.

RESOLUTION FORMAT:
Headings: The title should be centered, and can be as simple as Draft Resolution. Other
headings include Committee and Topic Area, both of which should be left aligned and
presented below the title.

Body: The resolution is technically a long sentence, with the following rules:
a) The resolution begins with your committee name (look to example).
b) The next section consists of Pre-ambulatory Clauses that describe the problem being
addressed. Pre-ambulatory clauses should include references to past action taken,
history of the problem and should offer support to the purpose of the resolution. Each
clause should begin with an underlined phrase and end with a comma (,).




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c) Operative clauses are numbered and state action to be taken by the committee. These
clauses begin with present tense active verbs, which are generally stronger words than
those used in the preamble. Each operative clause is followed by a semicolon (;), except
for the last which ends with a period/full stop (.).

SAMPLE RESOLUTION
Adopted unanimously by the Security Council at its 4385th meeting, on 28 September 2001
The Security Council,
Reaffirming its resolutions 1269 (1999) of 19 October 1999 and 1368 (2001) of 12 September
2001,
Reaffirming also its unequivocal condemnation of the terrorist attacks which took place in New
York, Washington, D.C., and Pennsylvania on 11 September 2001, and expressing its
determination to prevent all such acts,
Reaffirming further that such acts, like any act of international terrorism, constitute a threat to
international peace and security,
Reaffirming the inherent right of individual or collective self-defence as recognized by the
Charter of the United Nations as reiterated in resolution 1368 (2001),
Reaffirming the need to combat by all means, in accordance with the Charter of the United
Nations, threats to international peace and security caused by terrorist acts,
Deeply concerned by the increase, in various regions of the world, of acts of terrorism
motivated by intolerance or extremism,
Calling on States to work together urgently to prevent and suppress terrorist acts, including
through increased cooperation and full implementation of the relevant international
conventions relating to terrorism,
Recognizing the need for States to complement international cooperation by taking additional
measures to prevent and suppress, in their territories through all lawful means, the financing
and preparation of any acts of terrorism,
Reaffirming the principle established by the General Assembly in its declaration of October
1970 (resolution 2625 (XXV)) and reiterated by the Security Council in its resolution 1189 (1998)
of 13 August 1998, namely that every State has the duty to refrain from organizing, instigating,
assisting or participating in terrorist acts in another State or acquiescing in organized activities
within its territory directed towards the commission of such acts,
Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,




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1. Decides that all States shall:
(a) Prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts;
(b) Criminalize the willful provision or collection, by any means, directly or indirectly, of
funds by their nationals or in their territories with the intention that the funds should be
used, or in the knowledge that they are to be used, in order to carry out terrorist acts;
(c) Freeze without delay funds and other financial assets or economic resources of
persons who commit, or attempt to commit, terrorist acts or participate in or facilitate
the commission of terrorist acts; of entities owned or controlled directly or indirectly by
such persons; and of persons and entities acting on behalf of, or at the direction of such
persons and entities, including funds derived or generated from property owned or
controlled directly or indirectly by such persons and associated persons and entities;
(d) Prohibit their nationals or any persons and entities within their territories from
making any funds, financial assets or economic resources or financial or other related
services available, directly or indirectly, for the benefit of persons who commit or
attempt to commit or facilitate or participate in the commission of terrorist acts, of
entities owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such persons and of persons and
entities acting on behalf of or at the direction of such persons;
2. Decides also that all States shall:
(a) Refrain from providing any form of support, active or passive, to entities or persons
involved in terrorist acts, including by suppressing recruitment of members of terrorist
groups and eliminating the supply of weapons to terrorists;
(b) Take the necessary steps to prevent the commission of terrorist acts, including by
provision of early warning to other States by exchange of information;
(c) Deny safe haven to those who finance, plan, support, or commit terrorist acts, or
provide safe havens;
(d) Prevent those who finance, plan, facilitate or commit terrorist acts from using their
respective territories for those purposes against other States or their citizens;
(e) Ensure that any person who participates in the financing, planning, preparation or
perpetration of terrorist acts or in supporting terrorist acts is brought to justice and
ensure that, in addition to any other measures against them, such terrorist acts are
established as serious criminal offences in domestic laws and regulations and that the
punishment duly reflects the seriousness of such terrorist acts;
(f) Afford one another the greatest measure of assistance in connection with criminal
investigations or criminal proceedings relating to the financing or support of terrorist
acts, including assistance in obtaining evidence in their possession necessary for the
proceedings;




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(g) Prevent the movement of terrorists or terrorist groups by effective border controls
and controls on issuance of identity papers and travel documents, and through
measures for preventing counterfeiting, forgery or fraudulent use of identity papers and
travel documents;
3. Calls upon all States to:
(a) Find ways of intensifying and accelerating the exchange of operational information,
especially regarding actions or movements of terrorist persons or networks; forged or
falsified travel documents; traffic in arms, explosives or sensitive materials; use of
communications technologies by terrorist groups; and the threat posed by the
possession of weapons of mass destruction by terrorist groups;
(b) Exchange information in accordance with international and domestic law and
cooperate on administrative and judicial matters to prevent the commission of terrorist
acts;
(c) Cooperate, particularly through bilateral and multilateral arrangements and
agreements, to prevent and suppress terrorist attacks and take action against
perpetrators of such acts;
(d) Become parties as soon as possible to the relevant international conventions and
protocols relating to terrorism, including the International Convention for the
Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism of 9 December 1999;
(e) Increase cooperation and fully implement the relevant international conventions and
protocols relating to terrorism and Security Council resolutions 1269 (1999) and 1368
(2001);
(f) Take appropriate measures in conformity with the relevant provisions of national and
international law, including international standards of human rights, before granting
refugee status, for the purpose of ensuring that the asylum seeker has not planned,
facilitated or participated in the commission of terrorist acts;
(g) Ensure, in conformity with international law, that refugee status is not abused by the
perpetrators, organizers or facilitators of terrorist acts, and that claims of political
motivation are not recognized as grounds for refusing requests for the extradition of
alleged terrorists;
4. Notes with concern the close connection between international terrorism and transnational
organized crime, illicit drugs, money-laundering, illegal arms-trafficking, and illegal movement
of nuclear, chemical, biological and other potentially deadly materials, and in this
regard emphasizes the need to enhance coordination of efforts on national, subregional,
regional and international levels in order to strengthen a global response to this serious
challenge and threat to international security;




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5. Declares that acts, methods, and practices of terrorism are contrary to the purposes and
principles of the United Nations and that knowingly financing, planning and inciting terrorist
acts are also contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations;
6. Decides to establish, in accordance with rule 28 of its provisional rules of procedure, a
Committee of the Security Council, consisting of all the members of the Council, to monitor
implementation of this resolution, with the assistance of appropriate expertise, and calls
upon all States to report to the Committee, no later than 90 days from the date of adoption of
this resolution and thereafter according to a timetable to be proposed by the Committee, on
the steps they have taken to implement this resolution;
7. Directs the Committee to delineate its tasks, submit a work programme within 30 days of the
adoption of this resolution, and to consider the support it requires, in consultation with the
Secretary-General;
8. Expresses its determination to take all necessary steps in order to ensure the full
implementation of this resolution, in accordance with its responsibilities under the Charter;
9. Decides to remain seized of this matter.
Note: The word 'Security Council' will be replaced by either 'Historic Conference of Leaders'
or 'Contemporary Conference of Leaders' for the purpose of the respective committee.
















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Preambulatory Phrases

Affirming
Alarmed by
Approving
Aware of
Bearing in mind
Believing
Confident
Contemplating
Convinced
Declaring
Deeply concerned
Deeply conscious
Deeply convinced
Deeply disturbed
Deeply regretting
Desiring
Emphasizing



Expecting
Expressing its appreciation
Expressing its satisfaction
Fulfilling
Fully alarmed
Fully aware
Fully believing
Further deploring
Further recalling
Guided by
Having adopted
Having considered
Having considered further
Having devoted attention
Having examined
Having heard
Having received
Welcoming

Having studied
Keeping in mind
Noting with regret
Noting with deep concern
Noting with satisfaction
Noting further
Noting with approval
Observing
Reaffirming
Realizing
Recalling
Recognizing
Referring
Seeking
Taking into account
Taking into consideration
Taking note
Viewing with appreciation





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Operative Phrases

Accepts
Affirms
Approves
Authorizes
Calls
Calls upon
Condemns
Confirms
Congratulates
Considers
Declares accordingly
Deplores
Designates
Draws the attention
Emphasizes
Encourages
Endorses
Expresses its appreciation
Expresses its hope
Further invites
Deplores
Designates
Draws the attention
Emphasizes
Encourages
Endorses
Expresses its appreciation
Expresses its hope
Further invites
Further proclaims
Further reminds
Further recommends
Further requests
Further resolves
Has resolved
Notes
Proclaims
Reaffirms
Recommends
Regrets
Reminds
Requests
Solemnly affirms
Strongly condemns
Supports
Takes note of
Transmits
Trusts

Position Papers




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Delegates have to prepare a Position Paper, which summarizes their character's stand on the
issue being discussed. This must be submitted by 8
th
November, 2013. Delegates can submit
their position papers to their committee Director on the MUN email id. Please see the study
guide or contact the committee Director for further details. A sample position paper has been
provided below:

Committee: The Historic Security Council
Country: Democratic Republic of Vietnam
Delegate: Alisha Sonawalla

Summary of the Problem
The people of Vietnam had suffered for decades under the rule of the French and the J apanese,
with the sheer hope to gain liberation from these two forces that colonized their country. It was
in 1941 that they saw Vietnamese leader Ho Chi Minh emerge as the pioneer of the revolution as
he established the Viet Minh. The allied forces were able to defeat J apan in World War II with
the help of the intelligence from Democratic Republic of Vietnam, however still USA refused to
recognize Minhs new government and instead supported the French for the fear of the spread of
communism.
In the 1950s Ho Chi Minh finally defeated the French with the help of the Peoples Republic of
China and the Soviet Union, and the people of Vietnam thought they had finally achieved
freedom. It was in the Geneva conference of 1954 that Vietnam would be temporarily divided
along the 17
th
Parallel and the people were promised that free elections would take place for the
unification of Vietnam. However the people were betrayed and elections did not take place
resulting in the formation of the Viet Cong, which opposed the Diem controlled South Vietnam
and were supporters of Ho Chi Minh clearly defining the will of the people.
Seeing the Democratic Republic of Vietnam rise above South Vietnam, the USA chose to get
involved in the conflict not because they supported South Vietnam, but for the fear of the spread
of communism. The USA slowly took control of South Vietnam with the execution of Diem in
1963 and waited for a chance to do the same with North Vietnam, in order to establish their
capitalistic dominance. On August 2
nd
1964, it was suspected that North Vietnam had fired
upon the USS Maddox, and USA took this as an opportunity to attack the North. Currently the
USA has executed three bombing operations on North Vietnam, killing thousands of people, just
to contain communism.

Policies




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What makes a country are not its borders, nor its government, and definitely not its army,
but the people that call it home.
The Democratic Republic of Vietnam follows one simple policy: the freedom of the people. Our
goal is a peaceful reunification of Vietnam and the happiness of the people something the great
Leader Ho Chi Minh has fought for his entire life. But we are disgusted by the actions of the
United States of America for they forget how we helped them defeat J apan, and choose to
establish their dominance over doing what is right. They do not notice that while they strictly
abide by their policy to contain communism, they ironically deviate from the very essence of
their democratic government the will of the people. All we do is ask a simple question when
the people themselves support Ho Chi Minhs ideology, why should a government enforce a
democracy against their will? The hypocrisy and inhuman behavior of the USA has left us no
choice but to fight for our freedom. Nothing is more precious than independence and liberty
says Ho Chi Minh.
It is foolish to think that USA and the South Vietnamese leaders are acting in favor of the people
since they have refused to allow a plebiscite to unite Vietnam they feared that the will of the
people will prevail. With all of North Vietnam, and over a 150,000 South Vietnamese wanting to
abolish the US presence in the state, President J ohnson is desperate to maintain his dominance.
The Democratic Republic of Vietnam considers the military actions of the United States and
other foreign forces a multilateral invasion and therefore under Chapter VII Article 51 of the
United Nations Charter, North Vietnam is going to legally use military power as protection.
The Democratic Republic of Vietnam simply wants the United States of America to leave
Vietnam and no other foreign presence should affect the future of this nation. We wish to be able
to decide our future without foreign assistance, and have a peaceful and fair plebiscite regarding
the unification of Vietnam, supervised by a local committee. The united nation of Vietnam must
be lead by the great leader Ho Chi Minh and his government who actually care for the future of
the Vietnamese people.
Solution
The Democratic Republic of Vietnam proposes the following solution:
1. Calls for the immediate withdrawal of all USA, Australian, New Zealand, South Korean,
and Phillipenian troops from the Vietnamese land and Vietnamese waters, as they are
hindering with the peaceful lifestyle of the Vietnamese people and are the cause of
unnecessary conflict;
2. Emphasizes the need for free elections that must be held for the unification of Vietnam
which will be monitored by a local committee in order to officially and clearly project




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27
the will of the Vietnamese people in a statistical manner and to insure that the future of
the nation is in the best interest of the people;
3. Further recommends the gradual disarmament of the Viet Cong, once all foreign troops
depart, to ensure peace in the region for which in return the local authorities guarantee
the protection of the members of the Viet Cong;
4. Further Requests the United States of America to provide compensation in the form of
capital aid for the damage it has caused to the nation of Vietnam through its military
action, which will be used for the economical development of Vietnam as well as the
benefit of the people;
5. Urges for the simultaneous release of American and Vietnamese Prisoners of War upon
the departure of foreign troops in order to eliminate all potential reasons for a future
conflict between the countries;
6. Emphasizes the need for all countries in this committee to respect the communist
government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and to recognize the Democratic
Republic of Vietnam as an independent and sovereign country;
7. Trusts the nations in this committee to provide capital aid for the development of the
united nation of Vietnam.
Conclusion
As the great leader Ho Chi Minh has aptly stated, there are more who wish to be under the
guidance of Minhs government than those who side with the so called democracy. Our only
motive is to give the people of Vietnam what they truly want a communist Democratic
Republic of Vietnam and by doing that we are giving them pure freedom. We will not let the
unjust actions of the USA hinder our peoples and our great countrys future.










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Helpful Sources for Research












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29

Contact Information


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akahmun@akahyd.org

Model UN Coordinator
rajesh.kayiprath@agakhanacademies.org

Facebook page
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Website
www.akahyd.org/mun