Henle FYL Lesson 17 Thru 21 Exercises

Nomen: _____________________________
Hodie est: _____________________
Conjugating Latin Verbs.Lesson 17.3

1. List the 4 Principal Parts of each verb and their meanings. (once)
3. Conjugate the verb in the Passive Voice Tense requested.
1.
2. Find the stem of each verb.

4. Translate the box marked with an *asterisk.
Verb Parts: administro ________________________________________________________________

Verb Meanings: ______________________________________________________________________
Verb Stem: ____________________________
Tense: Passive Voice, Present Tense _________
* ______________________________________________________
2.
Verb Parts: administro, _______________________________________________________________

Verb Stem: ____________________________
Tense: Passive Voice, Imperfect Tense _______
* ______________________________________________________
3.
Verb Parts: administro, _______________________________________________________________

Verb Stem: ____________________________
Tense: Passive Voice, Future Tense _________
* ______________________________________________________
4.
Verb Parts: appello, __________________________________________________________________

Verb Meanings: ______________________________________________________________________
Verb Stem: ____________________________
Tense: Passive Voice, Present ______________
* ______________________________________________________
5.
Verb Parts: appello,
________________________________________________________________
Verb Stem: ____________________________
Tense: Passive Voice, Imperfect Tense ________
*
* ______________________________________________________
6.
Verb Parts: appello, __________________________________________________________________

Verb Stem: ____________________________
Tense: Passive Voice, Future Tense __________
*
* ______________________________________________________
7.
Verb Parts: confirmo, ________________________________________________________________

Verb Meanings: ______________________________________________________________________
Verb Stem: ____________________________
*
* ______________________________________________________
8.

Verb Stem: _______________________________
* ______________________________________________________
9.

Verb Stem: _______________________________
*
* ______________________________________________________
Exercise 204
Nmen: _____________________________
Hodie est: ___________________________
1.
Maria appellabatur. ____________________________________________________________________________
2.
Provincia administrabitur. ____________________________________________________________________
3.
Amici confirmantur. ___________________________________________________________________________
4.
Gallia administratur. ___________________________________________________________________________
5.
Romani confirmabantur. ______________________________________________________________________
6.
Mundus administratur. ________________________________________________________________________
7.
Bella administrantur. __________________________________________________________________________
8.
Deus Rex hominum appellatur. _______________________________________________________________
9.
Imperator appellabitur.________________________________________________________________________
10. Pax confirmabitur. _____________________________________________________________________________

11. Principes appellantur. _________________________________________________________________________
12. Virtus legionum confirmabatur. ______________________________________________________________
13. Spiritus Sanctus appellatur. __________________________________________________________________
14. Res administrabatur.___________________________________________________________________________
15. Spes victoriae confirmatur. ___________________________________________________________________
16. Centuriones appellabuntur. ___________________________________________________________________
17. Viri fortes confirmabuntur. ___________________________________________________________________
18. Roma non oppugnabitur. ______________________________________________________________________
19. Terra et caelum laudantur. ___________________________________________________________________
20. Litterae ducis hosti dantur. ___________________________________________________________________
21. nautae non adjuvabantur. ____________________________________________________________________
22. Hiberna oppugnabantur. ______________________________________________________________________
23. Signum legionibus datur. ______________________________________________________________________
24. Gloria Deo dabitur. _____________________________________________________________________________
25. Magnus servorum numerus ei dabatur. _____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
26. Salus et veritas nobis per Christum dantur. _______________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________
27. Praemia militibus dabuntur. __________________________________________________________________
28. Victoria nautarum laudabitur. _______________________________________________________________
29. Multi homines in colle collocabuntur. ________________________________________________________
30. Gentes finitimae adjuvantur. _________________________________________________________________
31. Pars militum in finibus hostium collocatur. ________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
32. Pueri mali non laudantur. ____________________________________________________________________
33. Arma Caesari dabantur._______________________________________________________________________
34. Oppidum oppugnabitur. _______________________________________________________________________
35. Populus Romanus adjuvabatur._______________________________________________________________
36. Milites in muro collocantur.___________________________________________________________________
37. Fortuna bona laudabatur. _____________________________________________________________________
38. Propter gratiam Caesaris frumentum Romanis datur. ___________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
39. Nomen Dei semper laudabitur. _______________________________________________________________
40. Propter metum vulnerum et mortis, milites Deum appellant. __________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
41. Milites in ponte collocantur. __________________________________________________________________
42. Jesus Christus, Dominus noster, laudabitur. _______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 205. Practice with the Passive Voice.

1.
Nomen: ______________________________
Pax saepe propter metum vulnerum et mortis laudatur. __________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________
2.
Erant vir forts et lber in exercitu Caesaris. Ei laudabantur; fortiter enim urbs et oppida oppugnaverunt.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3.
Confirmabiturne pax post proelia et bella et caedes? _____________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________
4.
In percul Deus semper appellatur. ___________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________
5.
Omns rs fortiter administrabantur quod Caesar, vir fortis et nbilis, impertor erat Rmnrum. _____
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
6.
Aut1 Lincoln aut1 Washingtonius princeps fuit omnium ducum Americanorum. Itaque ei laudantur et
semper laudabuntur. ________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
7.
Cr pueri mali nn laudantur?________________________________________________________________
8.
Gloria De per Jsm Chrstum datur. _________________________________________________________
9.
Mlits et in silvs et in agrs collocabantur; in eos hosts impetum fcrunt. _________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
10.
Rx malus nn adjuvabitur. __________________________________________________________________
11.
Mlits propter virttem laudantur. Centurins etiam propter virttem et fidem laudantur. __________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
11b. Ducs et impertres rs fortiter administrant. Itaque ei etiam laudantur. ___________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________
12.
Chrstin bon et in pace et in bell lgem Chrst servant. ________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________
12b. Itaque eis magnum praemium in Cael dabitur. _________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________
1
aut . . . aut: either . . . or
13.
Vos estis Americani. Et lber et forts estis. Itaque semper laudamini. ______________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
14.
Ducs nn laudabantur; long enim aberant proeliis et castrs. ___________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 206
Hodie est: ___________________________
Worry Not!! Most of these are just two words.

1.
The centurions are being addressed.____________________________________________________________________
2.
God will be called upon. __________________________________________________________________________________
3.
The affair s being managed._____________________________________________________________________________
4.
Peace was being strengthened. __________________________________________________________________________
5.
Soldiers are being stationed in the fields. ______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6.
The cities are being stormed. ____________________________________________________________________________
7.
The soldier s being helped. ______________________________________________________________________________
8.
Grain will be given the soldiers. _________________________________________________________________________
9.
Our friends will be encouraged. _________________________________________________________________________
10. Our soldiers were being helped. _________________________________________________________________________

11. The army s being strengthened. ________________________________________________________________________
12. Our faith will be strengthened.__________________________________________________________________________
13. The war s being managed. ______________________________________________________________________________
Use the subject pronouns for these:
14. You (pl.) will be praised. __________________________________________________________________________________
15. We are being encouraged. ________________________________________________________________________________
16. They were being helped. __________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 207
Nmen: _____________________________
Hodie est: ___________________________
Complete these phrases with whenever possible; otherwise use ab.
1. by the king
__________________________________________
2. by the enemy
__________________________________________
3. by the cavalry
__________________________________________
4. by Mary
__________________________________________
5. by all slaves
__________________________________________
6. by the leader of the enemy
__________________________________________
7. by the chief of the tribe
__________________________________________
8. by the Roman Senate
__________________________________________
9. by all the soldiers
__________________________________________
10. by Caesar and his cavalry
__________________________________________
11. by many Christians
__________________________________________
12. by the good master
__________________________________________
13. by all men
__________________________________________
14. by the Roman gods
__________________________________________
Exercise 208. Practice with Ablative of Agent
1.
Nomen: _______________________________________
Pax militibus saepe nn conservatur, nam gloriae belli cupidi sunt. _________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2.
Imperium Caesare, viro fort et bono, administrabitur. ____________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________
3.
Copia frumenti servis nn conservabatur. _______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________
4.
Post proelium ns b impertre confirmabamur. _________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________
5.
Laudanturne sancti homins viris bonis? ________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________
6.
Rma b America long abest. __________________________________________________________________
7.
Silvae b equitibus occupabuntur. _______________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________
8.
Laudaturne Senatus Rmnus multis viris. ______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________
9.
Omns rs duce bono administrabantur. ________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________
10.
Centurins b impertre appellabantur. ________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________
11.
Impertor senatu vocabitur.___________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 209
Nmen: _____________________________
Hodie est: ___________________________
1.
Our free state will be preserved by free and brave men. ________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.
All the soldiers will be called into the battle by the commander in chief; for the
number of the enemy is large, and they are eager for victory. _________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.
The faith was being kept by many renowned Christians. ________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.
Many foreign fields were being seized by the Roman soldiers. __________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
5.
The leaders of the Gauls were often called by Caesar. ____________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________
6.
The slaves were being called by the master. _______________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________
7.
The American state is being praised by all free men. ____________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 210
Nmen: _____________________________
Hodie est: ___________________________
QUESTION. Administraturne mundus a Deo? ____________________________________________________

ANSWER. Mundus a Deo et conservatur et administratur. __________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Nam Deus (in principio) caelum et terram et omnes res propter nos homines fecit 1 et est hominum Pater. ____
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Nos homines a Deo conservamur, et nobis omnes res a Deo dantur. __________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Veritas et salus nobis a Deo dantur; frumentum et omnium rerum copia nobis a Deo et parantur et conservantur.
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
(Begin each clause with the Subject Noun):
Itaque in mortis periculo a nautis Deus appellatur; in belli periculis a militibus appellatur; a matribus et patribus, a
viris et pueris, a Christianis et ab omnibus hominibus semper et in omnibus locis appellatur. ______________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Nam Deus bonus est, et homines ab Eo semper adjuvantur et confirmantur. Itaque Deus semper ab hominibus
bonis et sanctis laudatur, nam Pater omnium hominum est. _________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
1: fecit: he made
Exercise 211
1.
Nmen: ______________________________
Tum imperium populi Romani a Caesare occupabatur. __________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
2.
Vir fortis erat, nam ab eo et hostes superabantur et amici confirmabantur. __________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
3.
Post ejus mortem pax ab imperatoribus Romanis per arma et legiones confirmabatur. _______________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4.
Non omnes autem homines liberi erant, nam multi homines erant servi miseri.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
5.
Pax Romana ab imperatoribus confirmabatur, sed libertas omnium hominum a Romanis non conservabatur.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 212 Translate.
Nmen: _____________________________
Civitas Americana a militibus fortibus conservatur et semper conservabitur. Milites Americani ab hostibus etiam
fortibus non superabuntur. Viri Americani propter virtutem et fidem a nobis et ab omnibus hominibus semper
laudabuntur.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Reading #7: Translate here or on notebook paper (double-spaced)

Hannibal in Italy
Hannibal trans magnos et altos montes exercitum duxerat. Hostis populi Romani in Italia
erat. Itaque Romani in magno periculo erant. Exercitus Romanus in Hispania 1 erat. Scipio2 cum
legionibus Romanis in Gallia fuerat.
Is autem exercitum in Hispaniam 1 misit et in Italiam
contendit.
Galli partes Italiae Alpibus finitimas tenebant. Ei hostes erant populi Romani et saepe cum
Romanis bellum gesserant. Itaque in eorum fines Hannibal exercitum duxit et ab eis adjuvabatur.
Ibi Scipio,2 dux Romanorum, cum Hannibale pugnavit sed Hannibal eum vicit. Romani tamen
pacem non petiverunt.
Many of the Gauls who dwelt in northern Italy were now in insurrection around the Roman army. A
second army sent out from Rome effected a juncture with Scipio, but the position of the legions remained
critical. Scipio had been wounded in the first battle with Hannibal, and a lesser man, Tiberius
Sempronius, was now in command. For political reasons Sempronius was eager to fight a pitched battle
with the Carthaginian army. Hannibal understood the character of this man. On a cold and bleak
December day a screen of Carthaginian horse, retreating by order, drew the Roman cavalry across the
swollen river Trebia. Sempronius thought his chance had come. He hurriedly sent his army through the
icy waters of the Trebia.
Suddenly in the mist the Romans found themselves confronted by the main force of the enemy.
Itaque equites et Romanorum et hostium fortiter pugnabant. Interim imperator Romanus
copias in proelium misit.
Elephanti3 et equites hostium equites Romanos terruerunt et
superaverunt. Tum in milites hostium legiones Romanae impetum fecerunt. Milites Romani
fortes erant et fortiter pugnabant. Tamen ab hostis superabantur. Tum pars militum hostium a
tergo4 impetum in Romanos fecit.5 (These had been placed in ambush by Hannibal with orders to
attack the Roman rear.)
Itaque hostes undique impetum in Romanos fecerunt. Tamen pars Romanorum per hostes venit
(this group was 10,000 in number) et tuta in oppidum Romanum venit. Galli et Carthaginienses6
reliquos Romanos omnes occiderunt.
Non multi Romani tuti in castra venerunt.
Hannibalis fuit. Fortunate hostes, non Romanos, adjuverat.
1 Hispania, ae: Spain. 2 Scipio, Scipionis: Scipio (a Roman family name) 3 elephantus, i: elephant
4 a tergo: from the rear. 5 fecit: made. 6 Carthaginienses, Carthaginiensium: the Carthaginians
Victoria
Exercise 213
Nmen: _____________________________
Speech Response
Hodie est: ___________________________
Response to a Speech Given in the Roman Senate

You are to imagine that Rome is at war. The political opponents of the government are criticizing the war policy
of the administration and its generals. A spokesman for the government rises in the Roman Senate and speaks:
The war is being managed by a brave leader. Before the war, all things were being prepared by
him; grain and arms were being carried into the towns of the province by the slaves; hills and
bridges were being seized by the legions; the courage of the soldiers was being strengthened by the
centurions. Now, in the dangers of war, the general of the Roman legions is praised by both
Roman soldiers and the enemy. For he has frightened the enemy, and their fear is the glory of a
Roman general. Why is he not praised by the Roman Senate? Why is he not helped by you all?
GOOD men are now praising him and good men will always praise him.
Imagine that you are a leader of one of the parties opposed to the government. Write a short speech in Latin
answering the arguments given above. Use words and constructions you know. Do not use any construction
about which you are doubtful. Your speech should be at least five sentences.
For additional credit in this assignment, you may translate the above into Latin.
Nomen: _____________________________
Hodie est: _____________________

10.

Verb Parts: contineo, continre, _________________________________________________________

Verb Meanings: ______________________________________________________________________
Verb Stem: ____________________________
* ______________________________________________________
11.
Verb Parts: contineo, continre, ________________________________________________________

Verb Stem: ____________________________
* ______________________________________________________
12.
Verb Parts: contineo, continre, ________________________________________________________

Verb Stem: ____________________________
* ______________________________________________________
13.
Verb Parts: obtineo, obtinre, __________________________________________________________

Verb Meanings: ______________________________________________________________________
Verb Stem: ____________________________
Tense: Passive Voice, Present Tense __________
* ______________________________________________________
14.

Verb Stem: ____________________________
*
* ______________________________________________________
15.

Verb Stem: ____________________________
*
* ______________________________________________________
Exercise 216 Isolate the Ablative Phrases

1.
Nmen: _____________________________
Hostes ab equitibus Romanis saepe terrentur. __________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
2.
Impetus hostium a militibus fortibus sustinebitur. ______________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
3.
Multi pueri in agris videbantur. ______________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
4.
Viri nobiles et magni neque terrebuntur neque superabuntur. ____________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
5.
Collis militibus integris completur. ___________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
6.
Reliqui hostes a Romanis undique tenebantur. _________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
7.
Postea signum a centurione movebitur. _______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
8.
Hostes propter metum gravem terrebantur.____________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
9.
Viri sancti mortis metu non terrebuntur. ______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
10.
Montes alti undique ab Helvetiis1 videntur. ____________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
11.
Hostes undique continentur. ________________________________________________________________
12.
Locus clamore miserorum militum complebatur. _______________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
13.
Postea imperium a Caesare obtinebatur._______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
14.
Regnum a rege gloriae cupido saep obtinetur. __________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
15.
Pons a militibus fortibus tenetur. _____________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
16.
Galli provinciae finitimi terrentur. ____________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
17.
Propter metum mortis neque movebantur neque terrebantur. ____________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
18.
Impetus sustinetur. ________________________________________________________________________
19.
Legiones Romanae non terrentur. ____________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
20.
Romani a Gallis, viris fortibus, non terrentur. __________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
21.
Omnes milites in castris continebuntur. _______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
22.
Postea castra trans flumen movebuntur. _______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
23.
Puer terrebatur quod a patre et matre longe afuit. ______________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
24.
Viri liberi non continebantur. ________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
25.
Oppidum frumenti plenum obtinebitur. _______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
1: Helvetii, Helvetiorum: the Helvetians (inhabitants of ancient Switzerland)
Exercise 217
Nmen: _____________________________
1. The soldiers were being restrained by the commander in chief. ______________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________
2. The power is being held by Caesar. _____________________________________________________________
3. The enemy are being terrified by the cavalry. _____________________________________________________
4. The Roman column will be seen by the Gauls. ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
5. The town will be either held by us or seized by the enemy. _________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
6. The bridge is being held by the cavalry. __________________________________________________________
7. Afterwards the royal power will be held by him. __________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
8. We shall be terrified neither by the soldiers nor by the cavalry. ______________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
9. They were being held in by the cavalry. __________________________________________________________
Exercise 218
1.
Nmen: ______________________________
Christiani Deum et voce et virtute laudant. ____________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
2.
Romani Christianos gladiis non vicerunt. ______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
3.
Civitas Romana armis et virtute conservabatur. ________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
4.
Romani hiberna telis et gladiis semper defenderunt. ____________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
5.
Virtus equitum fortium praemiis confirmabatur. _______________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
6.
Interim centuriones litteris Caesaris monebuntur. ______________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
7.
Helvetii1 montibus altis et magno flumine undique continentur. __________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
1 Helvetii: the Helvetians, a Celtic tribe living in Switzerland who became known as the Swiss.
Exercise 219
Nmen: ______________________________
All prepositional phrases in these sentences use the ablative of means.

1.
They defended the camp with darts. __________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
2.
The soldiers courage will be strengthened by the centurions speech. _____________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
3.
They fought with swords. ___________________________________________________________________
4.
The Roman state was being preserved by the courage of the Roman Sentate and people. _____________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
5.
The Romans fortified cities by means of walls. _________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
Hannibal Annihilates a Roman Army
Victoria Hannibalis magna fuit.
Reading #8
Senatus Populusque Romanus tamen pacem non petebat.
Integras copias paraverunt. Arma et tela parabantur.

A new general, Gaius Flaminius, was now in command of the Roman forces. Hannibal crossed the Apennines into Etruria,
marched through terrain made almost impassable by the spring rains, and took up a strong position before Flaminius, who had
planned to block the mountain passes, knew he had managed the crossing. Hannibal, to incite the Romans to fight on his own
terms, marched past the Roman camp, pillaging and wasting the land all around. This was too much for the headstrong Flaminius.
Though his army was inferior, he pursued the Carthaginians. The road along which the Carthaginians were marching enters, as it
skirts Lake Trasimene, a narrow strip of plain enclosed by surrounding hills which come close down to the shore of the lake. Here
Hannibal took up a strong position to await the pursuing Romans.
In colle Hannibal magnum numerum militum collocavit; equites autem in dextra 1 et sinistra2
parte collocavit. (Besides, a mist concealed his positions.) Itaque imperator Romanus, proelii et
victoriae cupidus, exercitum Romanum in loca angusta duxit. Subito3 Romani hostes viderunt.
Undique ab hostibus continebantur. Non erat spes salutis. Romani et telis terrebantur et ab
equitibus perturbabantur.
Romanorum magna fuit.
Tum hostes undique in Romanos impetum fecerunt.

Locus clamore Romanorum miserorum complebatur.
Caedes
Pars tamen
Romanorum per hostes venit. Eos autem equites hostium postea occiderunt.
In this battlea slaughter rather than a battlethe Romans lost an entire army, 15,000 killed and
15,000 captured. The Carthaginians lost only 1,500 men, and these mainly from their Gallic auxiliaries.
Victoria hostium magna fuit. Periculum Romanorum grave erat. Tamen etiam tum Romani
de pace cum hostibus non egerunt. Spem salutis in virtute ponebant.
As an officer in Caesars army was to say later, Romans never ask terms of peace from an armed foe. Such was the
invincible spirit of Rome.
1 dexter, dextra, dextrum: right. 2 sinister, sinistra, sinistrum: left. 3 subito, adv.: suddenly
Nomen: _____________________________
Hodie est: _____________________

16.
Verb Parts: trd, trdere ______________________________________________________________

Verb Meanings: ______________________________________________________________________
Verb Stem: ____________________________
* ______________________________________________________
17.
Verb Parts: trd, trdere, _____________________________________________________________

Verb Stem: ____________________________
* ______________________________________________________
18.
Verb Parts: trd, trdere, _____________________________________________________________

Verb Stem: ____________________________
* ______________________________________________________
19.
Verb Parts: dmitt, dmittere, _________________________________________________________

Verb Meanings: ______________________________________________________________________
Verb Stem: ____________________________
* ______________________________________________________
20.
Verb Parts: occido, occidere ___________________________________________________________

Verb Meanings: ______________________________________________________________________
Verb Stem: ____________________________
*
* ______________________________________________________
21.
Verb Parts: dimitto, dmittere, __________________________________________________________

Verb Stem: ____________________________
*
* ______________________________________________________
Exercise 221222
Nmen: _____________________________
In-class Practice
Hodie est: ___________________________
3rd conjugation passive forms:

1.
tradebatur _____________________________
7. occidebantur_____________________________
2.
dimittebatur ___________________________
8. incenditur _______________________________
3.
occiduntur ____________________________
9. pelluntur ________________________________
4.
ducentur ______________________________
10. ducitur _________________________________
5.
ponuntur ______________________________
11. vincebatur ______________________________
6.
dimitteris _____________________________
12. tradebantur ______________________________
change to passive:
1.
tradam _______________________________
8. ponebas ________________________________
2.
dimittebat _____________________________
9. tradit ___________________________________
3.
occidunt ______________________________
10. dimitto _________________________________
4.
defenditis _____________________________
11. occides _________________________________
5.
dimittit _______________________________
12. ducent__________________________________
6.
tradet ________________________________
13. incendit ________________________________
7.
occidemus ____________________________
14. pellebant ________________________________

15. sustinetis _______________________________
Exercise 223
1.
Nmen: _____________________________
Hodie est: ___________________________
Principes hostium senatui traduntur. ______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________
2.
Gallus occiditur. ______________________________________________________________________
3.
Homo malus a senatu occidetur. _________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________
4.
Italia a Romanis defenditur. _____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________
5.
Galli et pellentur et occidentur. __________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________
6.
Agmen in fines hostium ducitur. _________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________
7.
Gratiae Deo aguntur. __________________________________________________________________
8.
Equites in gentes finitimas dimittebantur. __________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________
9.
Vos in Galliam mittimini. ______________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________
10.
Roma defendetur. _____________________________________________________________________
11.
Servi saepe occiduntur. ________________________________________________________________
12.
Omnes fere gentes finitimae vincuntur. ____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________
13.
Agmen a Caesare ducitur. ______________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________
14.
Hostes tamen vincentur. ________________________________________________________________
15.
Urbs hostibus non tradetur. _____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________
16.
Equites in gentes reliquas dimittuntur._____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________
17.
Castra telis defendebantur. ______________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________
18.
Romani neque pellentur neque occidentur. _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________
19.
Reges gloriae cupidi cum gentibus finitimis bellum saepe gerunt. _______________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
20.
Frumenta in agris saepe incenduntur. _____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 224
Nmen: _____________________________
Practice with Ablative of Agent & Means
Hodie est: ___________________________
1.
The enemys cavalry was being killed by darts. _____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.
The Senate is being dismissed. _________________________________________________________________________
3.
Almost all of the swords and darts will be handed over by the leaders of the Gauls. ________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.
Almost all the tribes of Gaul were being conquered by the Romans. ____________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5.
Our cities and towns are being defended by brave soldiers. ______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6.
The army will be led into Gaul by the general. _____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7.
The enemys cavalry will be repulsed by our cavalry. ______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
8.
The Gauls were fighting without hope. _______________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
9.
Thanks are being given to the Senate. _______________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 225 Practice with Ablative of Means & Agency
Nmen: _____________________________
Tell which Ablative the underlines forms are. M or A
Hodie est: ___________________________
Warning! One sentence conceals several snares.

1.
Silvae saepe in bello ab hostibus incenduntur. ________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.
Roma virtute legionum conservabatur. ________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.
Centuriones in omnes fere gentes finitimas a Caesare dimittuntur._______________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.
Copiae Romanae a Gallis non pelluntur. _______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5.
Virtus militum spe victoriae semper confirmatur. ___________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6.
Post proelium principes hostium a Romanis saepe occidebantur. __________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7.
Principes a Caesare non dimittentur. __________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
8.
Telis occiditur. _____________________________________________________________________________________________
9.
Miles Romanus hostem videt. Eum telis occidit. _____________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
10. Milites undique ducentur; castra in colle ponentur; arma et frumentum in castra
portabuntur. _______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 226
Nmen: _____________________________
Hodie est: ___________________________
Some of these sentences have the Ablative of Means; others have the Ablative of Agency.
1.
All things were being attended to by the general. ______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
2.
They fortified the camp with a wall. ________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
3.
He killed the leading men with a sword. _____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
4.
Peace was being strengthened by the courage of the legions. _____________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
5.
They were being defended by Roman cavalry. ________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
6.
The city was being handed over by the Gauls. ________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
7.
He conquered the enemy by the courage of the Roman soldiers. __________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
8.
The leading men are being sent away by the Roman general. _____________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Reading No. 9: Scipio Invades Africa

Hannibal continued to win victories in the open field, but he could not break the spirit of
Rome. Gradually the superior resources of the Romans and their dogged determination began
to tell. The Carthaginians withdrew their forces from Italy and Sicily, and at last Publius
Cornelius Scipio, son of the Scipio who had first faced Hannibal in northern Italy, led an
invasion of Africa itself. (This was in 204 B.C.; the war had opened in 218 B.C.) The final
battle of the war was fought at Zama in northern Africa, probably in the spring of 202 B.C.
Hannibal magnum militum numerum habuit sed non ita multos equites. Scipio non ita multos milites habebat,
multos autem equites. Hannibal etiam elephantos1 habebat. (There were said to be about eighty). Romani
elephantos non habebant.
Hannibal planned to drive his elephants in an opening charge against the Roman foot soldiers
to throw them into disorder. The Carthaginian cavalry, stationed on the flanks, was meanwhile
to retreat and draw the superior cavalry of the Romans off the field, thus leaving Hannibal free
to attack the disordered legions with numerically superior infantry.
How did Scipio meet this attack?
Nomen: _____________________________
Hodie est: _____________________

22.

Verb Parts: audio, audire ______________________________________________________________

Verb Meanings: ______________________________________________________________________
Verb Stem: ____________________________
* ______________________________________________________
23.
Verb Parts: munio, munire, ____________________________________________________________

Verb Meanings: ______________________________________________________________________
Verb Stem: ____________________________
* ______________________________________________________
24.
Verb Parts: audio, audire, ______________________________________________________________

Verb Stem: ____________________________
*
* ______________________________________________________
25.

Verb Stem: ____________________________
*
* ______________________________________________________
26.
Verb Parts: audio, audire, _____________________________________________________________

Verb Stem: ____________________________
* __________________________________________________________________________________
27.

Verb Stem: ____________________________
*
*_________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 228 Indicate whether the Ablative Phrase is

Agent (A) or Means (M).
1.
Nmen: _____________________________
Castra Rmns semper mnibantur. _____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
2.
Quid vobs audtur? ____________________________________________________________________
3.
Cum Caesare per monts in Galliam vn. ___________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
4.
Urbs rge victriae cupid mntur. _______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
5.
Chrst, Fili De, grtis agimus. __________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
6.
Interim et colls et ponts leginibus mnibantur. ___________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
7.
Fuit metus in castrs quod clmor hostium audibtur. _________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
8.
Pueris mals praemia nn dabuntur. _________________________________________________________
9.
Ubi est Rma? _________________________________________________________________________
10.
Flius saepe est patris similis.______________________________________________________________
11.
Gents fnibus hostium finitimae saepe cpiam armrum petunt. __________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
12.
Fuitne Lincoln Washingtoni similis? _______________________________________________________
13.
Legins integrae in hosts mittuntur. _______________________________________________________
14.
Clmor nautrum reliqurum audibtur. ____________________________________________________
15.
Mara est grti plna. ___________________________________________________________________
16.
Silvae perculrum plnae sunt. ____________________________________________________________
17.
Propter hostium metum legins pr ports nstrubantur. _______________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
18.
Urbs mr mntur. _____________________________________________________________________
19.
Quis pr rge pugnbit? _________________________________________________________________
20.
Impedmenta magna erant. ________________________________________________________________
21.
Post bellum fuit px. ____________________________________________________________________
22.
Caesar fuit Rmnrum impertor. _________________________________________________________
23.
Loca angusta et difficilia furunt. __________________________________________________________
24.
Rma Galli long abest. _______________________________________________________________
25.
Oppidum mlitibus complbtur. ___________________________________________________________
26.
Mles similis duc nn erat. _______________________________________________________________
27.
Rmn Rmam virtte et arms semper dfendrunt. __________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
28.
Cr iter per monts nn fcrunt? __________________________________________________________
29.
Mlits undique tla in hosts misrunt. _____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
30.
Dux rgnum occupvit. __________________________________________________________________
******************************************************************************************
Exercise 229
Nmen: _____________________________
Some of the with-phrases are to be translated using Ablative of Means; others, the Ablative of Accompaniment.
1.
They fought with swords. _________________________________________________________________
2.
Caesar was fighting with the Gauls. _________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
3.
The cavalry was in the camp with the soldiers. ________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
4.
The camp was being fortified with a wall. ____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
5.
Jss is in heaven with God. ______________________________________________________________
6.
They terrified the cavalry with (their) shouting. _______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
Reading #10: The Battle of ZamaHannibals Last Stand
Et Hannibal et Scipio milites instruxerunt. Virtus et spes militum orationibus imperatorum confirmabantur. Spem
in virtute ponemus! Fortiter pugnabimus! Aut vincemus aut vincemur!
Hannibal lined up his eighty elephants in front of his main army. In the first line behind them
he placed his 12,000 mercenary troops, men drawn from many lands and held together by
devotion to their great leader. In the second line he stationed 15,000 new Carthaginian
levies. Behind these he held in reserve 20,000 veteran troops to strike the final blow for
victory. The cavalry were massed on either flank. (See attached diagram: Phases I and II.)
Hannibal signum dedit. Elephanti1 in aciem Romanam mittebantur. (See diagram: Phases I and II.)
Scipio, however, had arranged his men so as to leave lanes between his troops. The soldiers
thus easily shifted to allow the elephants to run harmlessly between them.
Itaque elephanti1 neque Romanos terruerunt neque aciem perturbaverunt. (See diagram: Phases I and II.)
Interim equites Romani in equites hostium impetum fecerunt. Hostes autem impetum non sustinuerunt. Itaque equites
hostium cesserunt.
Thus both cavalries rushed off the field as Hannibal had probably planned. (See diagram:
Phases I and II.)
Tum prima acies hostium in Romanos ab Hannibale mittebatur. ( See diagram: Phase III.) Res gladio gerebatur.
Et Romani et hostes fortiter pugnabant. Voces et clamor hominum undique audiebantur. Multi et hostes et
Romani telis et gladiis occidebantur. Milites tamen Romani impetum sustinebant. Itaque et scipio et Hannibal
integros milites in proelium miserunt. (See diagram: Phase IV.)
Romani autem militibus integris non superabantur. Itaque hostes in magno periculo erant.
Both armies were now in great confusion and both attempted to re-form. Hannibal pushed his
third line of veterans to the front and rejoined battle. (See diagram on page 205 of text: Phase
V.) The battle raged on through long and bloody hours. Finally the Roman cavalry, having left
off pursuit, probably according to instructions, returned to the field.
Tum equites Romani a tergo2 impetum in hostes fecerunt. (See diagram: Phase VI.) Itaque hostes Romanis
undique continebantur. Magna erat caedes hostium miserorum. Romani enim omnes fere hostes aut occiderunt
aut ceperunt.3 (Hannibal, however, escaped capture and fled from the field.)
Post proelium hostes pacem petiverunt. Ita, post multas hostium victorias et magnam Romanorum caedem,
Romani hostes virtute et armis vicerunt.
1 elephantus, i: elephanat
2 a tergo: from the rear
3 ceperunt: (they) captured
To Accompany Reading 10: The Battle of ZamaHannibals Last Stand
Phases I and II
Equites
Romani
Legiones Romanae
Equites
Romani
Elephanti
Equites
Hostium
Mercenaries and auxiliaries
New Carthaginian levies
Equites
Hostium
20,000 veterans
Phase III
Phase IV
3
3
Phase V
Phase VI
________________
___
________________
___
1
1
2
1
2
3
1
2
Nomen: _____________________________
Ex. 230
Hodie est: ________________________
Conjugating Latin VerbsLesson 21

28.

Verb Parts: exploro, explorare, _________________________________________________________

Verb Meanings: ______________________________________________________________________
Verb Stem: ____________________________
Tense: Passive Voice, Perfect Tense Masc. ____
* ______________________________________________________
29.
Verb Parts: prem, premere, ___________________________________________________________

Verb Meanings: ______________________________________________________________________
Verb Stem: ____________________________
Tense: Passive Voice, Pluperfect Tense Fem __
* ______________________________________________________
30.
Verb Parts: retine, retinre, ___________________________________________________________

Verb Meanings: ______________________________________________________________________
Verb Stem: ____________________________
Tense: Passive Voice, Future Perfect Tense Neut
* ______________________________________________________
31.
Verb Parts: exploro, explorare, _________________________________________________________

Verb Stem: ____________________________
Tense: Passive Voice, Future Perfect Tense Masc
* ______________________________________________________
32.
Verb Parts: prem, premere, ___________________________________________________________

Verb Stem: ____________________________
Tense: Passive Voice, Perfect Tense Fem _____
*
* ______________________________________________________
33.
Verb Parts: retine, retinre, ___________________________________________________________

Verb Stem: ____________________________
Tense: Passive Voice, Pluperfect Tense Neut __
*
* ______________________________________________________
Conjugate sum, esse, in the Present, Imperfect, and Future Indicative tenses:
Present Tense
Singular
Plural
Imperfect Tense
Singular
Plural
Future Tense
Singular
Plural
Exercise 233
Nmen: _____________________________
Hodie est: ___________________________
Add the proper endings to the participles. The options are: us, a, um or i, ae, a. Translate.
1.
Vs laudt_________ estis. ______________________________________________________________
2.
Oppidum trdit________ est.______________________________________________________________
3.
Prncips retent_________ sunt. ___________________________________________________________
4.
Cpia frumenti comparat_________ est. _____________________________________________________
5.
Omnia loca explorat_________ sunt. _______________________________________________________
6.
Hosts press________ sunt. _______________________________________________________________
7.
Tu laudat__________ es. _________________________________________________________________
8.
Ns laudat_______ sumus. _______________________________________________________________
9.
Vcs audit________ sunt. _______________________________________________________________
10.
Nautae retent________ sunt. ______________________________________________________________
11.
Exercitus superat_______ est. _____________________________________________________________
12.
Castra mot_______ sunt. _________________________________________________________________
Exercise 234. Add the proper form of the verb sum:

1.
You have been praised. Vs laudti _______.
2.
They have been conquered. Vict _________.
3.
You have been warned. T monitus _______.
4.
The courage of the soldiers has been strengthened. Virts mlitum cnfirmta ________.
5.
All the places had been reconnoitered. Omnia loca explrta ___________.
6.
We had been held back. Ns retent _______________.
7.
It has been prepared. Compartum __________.
8.
The camp has been fortified. Castra mnta _____________.
Exercise 235, Part 1
Nmen: _____________________________
Hodie est: ___________________________
1.
Vs laudti ertis._______________________________________________________________________
2.
T monitus es. _________________________________________________________________________
3.
Equits supert sunt. ____________________________________________________________________
4.
Pns incnsus est._______________________________________________________________________
5.
Frmentum porttum est. _________________________________________________________________
6.
Castra dfnsa sunt. _____________________________________________________________________
7.
Omnia fer loca occupta erant.____________________________________________________________
8.
E puls sunt.___________________________________________________________________________
9.
Duct sumus. __________________________________________________________________________
10.
Ea gesta sunt. __________________________________________________________________________
11.
Oppidum oppugntum erat. _______________________________________________________________
12.
Arma es trdita sunt. ____________________________________________________________________
13.
Audt estis. ___________________________________________________________________________
14.
Vehementer territ ermus. _______________________________________________________________
15.
Mlits nstruct sunt. ____________________________________________________________________
16.
Litterae missae sunt._____________________________________________________________________
17.
Mns hominibus compltus erat. ___________________________________________________________
18.
Tla parta sunt. ________________________________________________________________________
19.
Vict sumus. ___________________________________________________________________________
20.
Appellt ertis. ________________________________________________________________________
21.
Px petta est. __________________________________________________________________________
22.
Frmentum es datum est. ________________________________________________________________
23.
Actum est. ____________________________________________________________________________
24.
Rs administrta est. ___________________
Exercise 235, Part 2
Nmen: _____________________________
Hodie est: ___________________________
25.
Castra mta erant. ______________________________________________________________________
26.
Centurins voct erant. _________________________________________________________________
27.
Gall press sunt.________________________________________________________________________
28.
Cpia tlrum comparta erat. _____________________________________________________________
29.
Ducs retent sunt. ______________________________________________________________________
30.
Occs sunt.____________________________________________________________________________
31.
Monts explrt erant. __________________________________________________________________
32.
Prncips dmiss erant. __________________________________________________________________
33.
Impets sustentus erat. ___________________________________________________________________
34.
Sps in virtte posita est. _________________________________________________________________
35.
Oppidum mntum est.___________________________________________________________________
36.
Legins ibi colloctae sunt. ______________________________________________________________
37.
Omns rs compartae erant. ______________________________________________________________
38.
Px cnfirmta est. ______________________________________________________________________
39.
Territ sumus. __________________________________________________________________________
40.
Frmenta in agrs incnsa sunt. ____________________________________________________________
41.
Adjtus sum. __________________________________________________________________________
42.
Puls estis. ____________________________________________________________________________
43.
Vsus est. _____________________________________________________________________________
44.
Pulsus est. _____________________________________________________________________________
45.
Vehementer perturbtus eram. _____________________________________________________________
46.
Obtentum est imperium.__________________________________________________________________
47.
Lx cnservta nn est. __________________________________________________________________
48.
Gents fnitimae incittae erant. ___________________________________________________________
49.
Legi prm pressa est. __________________________________________________________________
50.
Signum servtum erat. ___________________________________________________________________
51.
52.
Undique content sumus. _________________________________________________________________

Press sunt. __________________________
Exercise 236
Nmen: _____________________________
Hodie est: ___________________________
1.
I was praised by Caesar.__________________________________________________________________
2.
You were warned by the slave. ____________________________________________________________
3.
We were conquered by the enemy. _________________________________________________________
4.
A large number of slaves was had by the Romans. _____________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
5.
Grain had been carried into the winter quarters. _______________________________________________
6.
The town had been bravely defended. _______________________________________________________
7.
The hills were seized by the cavalry. ________________________________________________________
8.
The Romans were led by a brave general. ____________________________________________________
9.
War had been waged with the Gauls.________________________________________________________
10.
The city had been attacked. _______________________________________________________________
11.
We were handed over to the enemy by the leader. _____________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
12.
The speech was heard by the chiefs. ________________________________________________________
13.
You had been terrified by the darts. _________________________________________________________
14.
The legions were drawn up by Caesar. ______________________________________________________
15.
The letter was sent by the chief.____________________________________________________________
16.
The wall was filled with men. _____________________________________________________________
17.
Arms had been gotten. ___________________________________________________________________
18.
We were not conquered. _________________________________________________________________
19.
God had been called upon. ________________________________________________________________
20.
Peace was sought. ______________________________________________________________________
21.
The swords were given to the soldiers. ______________________________________________________
22.
The enemy was driven into the forest. _______________________________________________________
23.
The war was managed by a brave general. ___________________________________________________
24.
The camp had been moved into a safe place.__________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
25.
The centurions had been called by the general. ________________________________________________
26.
The enemy was routed by darts. ___________________________________________________________
27.
All things had been got ready. _____________________________________________________________
28.
The king had been held back. _____________________________________________________________
29.
The leaders had been killed by swords. ______________________________________________________
30.
All the places had been reconnoitered. ______________________________________________________
31.
The slaves were dismissed. _______________________________________________________________
32.
The attack was withstood. ________________________________________________________________
33.
The camp had been pitched there. __________________________________________________________
34.
The camp was fortified with a wall._________________________________________________________
35.
A horseman had been stationed on the bridge. ________________________________________________
36.
Peace had been strengthened. _____________________________________________________________
37.
The grain had been burned by the Romans. ___________________________________________________
38.
They were helped by both slaves and free men. _______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
39.
Soldiers had assembled. __________________________________________________________________
40.
He had been seen by the horseman. _________________________________________________________
41.
The cavalry were repulsed. _______________________________________________________________
42.
The first battle line was disturbed. __________________________________________________________
43.
The royal power was held by a good man. ___________________________________________________
44.
The state had been preserved by brave men. __________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
45.
The legion was sent into the camp. _________________________________________________________
46.
The faith had been kept by many Christians. __________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
47.
The soldiers were restrained by the leaders. __________________________________________________
Henle Exercise 236 Helps

A word about the Passive Voice Indicative Mood Perfect Tense.
This tense is formed by placing the Gender and # (singular OR plural) of the Subject on the 4th Principal Part of
the action verb and adding a form of sum. This form of sum will name the person of the Subject (I, you,
he/she/it; we, you PL, they) and the tense. For example:
defensum erat = a singular neuter subject (um tells us this) of the 3rd person Pluperfect Tense (erat tells
us this part); he/she/it had been defended; Grammar 255-266
occupati sunt = pl. masc. subject, 3rd person Perfect Tense; they were seized (or they have been seized)
the they in this instance is masculine
Sentences for analyzing: Pers.=Person Perf=Perfect Tense L.V.=Linking Verb/Form of sum PP=Pluperf.
7. The hills
were seized
by the cavalry.
(pl.masc.sub.) (pl.masc.action verb) (ablative of living agent requires /b)

(3rdPers.Perf.L.V.)
Colls b equitatibus occupti sunt.

8. The Romans
(pl. masc. subj)
were led
(pl. masc. action verb)
(3rd pers. Perf. L.V.)
by a brave general.
(ablative of living agent)
(3rd decl. adj. masc.sing.abl.)
Romani b impertre fort duct sunt.

9. War
had been waged
(s.neut.sub.) (sing.neut.action verb)

(3rd pers. PP L.V.)
with the Gauls.

(ablative of accompaniment requires cum)
(think! association indicated here?)
Bellum cum Galls gestum erat.

10. The city
(s.fem.sub.)
had been attacked.

(sing.fem.action verb)
(3rd pers.PP L.V.)
Urbs oppugnata erat.

11. We
(pl.masc.(by default)
subject)
were handed over
to the enemy
by the leader.
(pl. masc. action verb)

(1st pers.Perf. L.V.)
(dative:to/for case)
(enemy always pl.)
(ablative of living agent)
Hostibus duce trdit sumus.
Exercise 237
Nmen: _____________________________
Translate.
Hodie est: ___________________________

Omnia Bella Similia Sunt
_____________________________________________________
1.
Propter bellum gladii et tela a Romanis comparata erant; hodie 1 etiam multa et magna
arma ab Americanis comparantur. _____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.
In castris Romanorum saepe fuit magna omnium rerum inopia; in castris Americanis etiam
saepe est rerum inopia. ___________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.
In bellis Romanorum omnia loca ab equitibus saepe explorata sunt; in bellis autem hodiernis 2
omnia loca ab aviatoribus3 explorantur. _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.
Tum hostes ab equitatu saepe pressi sunt; hodie 1 hostes ab armigeris4 premuntur. ____________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5.
Bellum Gallicum5 a Caesare administratum est. Quis bellum commune hodie 1 administrat?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6.
Caesar, imperator Romanorum, propter victoriam laudatus est. Laudabunturne duces

Americani propter victoriam? ___________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1 hodie: today; 2 hodiernus, a, um: modern; 3 aviator, oris: airman; 4 armigerum, i: tank; 5Gallicus, a, um; Gallic
Reading 11: Pictures from the Past

An Imaginary Interview with a Centurion
The professor cleared his throat. We waited expectantly. Gentlemen, he said, I have invited you here tonight to see the first
demonstration of my electrical wave detector. This machine cannot only gather and combine into a picture the waves being sent off
from any part of the earth at the present time, but it can detect even the smallest remnants of waves which, sent off at some past time, are
yet vibrating in the universal medium of all electrical waves. However, this is not an explanation of a theory but a demonstration of
success. Watch carefully. I set this control for time (with growing excitement we watched him turning the dial), and this (he began
moving a larger dial on the huge machine) for space. Now I throw the power switch. (A large screen or mirror became suddenly
illumined with splotches of changing colors.) This should put our picture at approximately 58 B.C. somewhere in southern Gaul.
I have not yet, he added apologetically, succeeded in exactly correlating my controls with the longitudes and latitudes of the earths
surface. As he was speaking, the screen had focused into a very realistic picture of a wild forest. The movement of a breeze through
the trees was quite discernible. There was a gasp of astonishment, but the professor held up his hand. Now, he said, I s et the sound
control. A roar of static rose from a speaker to the left of the screen, then settled down to the quiet sounds of a forestno, there was
something elsegrowing louderthe sound of horses and the clang of metal. Then, before our amazed eyes, a troop of cavalry rode
onto the scene. The leader, a bronzed, sturdy man who rode his horse with the assurance of long custom, halted, and gazed off to the
left. In the silence that followed we heard something elsedistant cries, a shouting as if a whole army were in an uproarthen, yes, the
centurion (he looked just like a picture of a centurion I had seen in a high school Latin book) turned his head in our direction. He
became paralyzed with amazement. But the professor was almost leaping with excitement. He sees us! It works! It works! He rushed
to the machine and began pulling several levers. Perhaps, he muttered, perhaps the sound can be reversed too, but then, . . . He
stepped back and cleared his throat.
Estisne vos (yes, the professor had been a good Latin student in high school), estisne vos milites
Romani? (We held our breath. Slowly the paralysis of surprise passed, and we saw the centurion open his
mouth . . . yes, then we heard):
CENTURIO: Nos equites Romani sumus. Vos autem . . .

PROFESSOR (excitedly interrupting him): Ubi estis?
CENTURIO: In Gallia sumus. In agris hostium sumus. Nunc, sicut videtis, in magnis silvis
sumus.
PROFESSOR: Quis imperator vester est?
CENTURIO:
Caesar, vir et nobilis et fortis, imperator noster est.
Bellum ab eo fortiter
administratur.
PROFESSOR: Bellum? Geriturne bellum?
CENTURIO: Ita. Cum Gallis legiones Romanae nunc pugnant. (He pointed off to the left.) Auditurne
a vobis clamor et hostium et Romanorum?
PROFESSOR: Paraveruntne Galli bellum? Erantne cupidi belli?
CENTURIO: Ita. Victoriae et belli gloriae cupidi erant. Itaque ante1 bellum arma et tela a Gallis
parata sunt. Virtus eorum a ducibus et principibus confirmata est. Oppida et urbes ab eis munitae
sunt. Frumentum in oppida et a Gallis et ab eorum servis portatum est. Ita omnes res paratae
erant.
PROFESSOR: Quid autem nunc agunt Galli?
CENTURIO: Telis et armis oppida et agros defendunt. Colles et pontes ab eis occupantur, nam
bellum nobiscum gerunt.
PROFESSOR: Et Caesar? Quid is ante1 bellum egit?
CENTURIO: Castra in colle ab eo posita sunt. Frumentum in castra a servis portatum est. Arma et
tela etiam ab eo parata sunt. Equites a Caesare in fines hostium dimittebantur. Omnia loca ab eis
explorata sunt. Castra nostra muro munivimus. Caesar virtutem et spem militum oratione et
praemiis confirmavit.
PROFESSOR: Vincenturne Galli a vobis?
CENTURIO: Ita. (He roared with laughter.) Galli fortiter pugnant, sed nos non vincent. Nos armis et
virtute eos vincemus. Romani enim neque vincuntur neque de pace cum hostibus agunt. En!2 (He
pointed towards the shouting.) Jam3 nunc a militibus Romanis Galli et terrentur et occiduntur.
Caedes! Urbes (with a sweeping gesture), oppida, colles, silvae, portus, agri ab exercitu Romano
occupabuntur. Imperium omnis Galliae a Caesare obtinebitur! Gladiis (his voice became harsh) rem
geremus! Multi Galli a nobis occidentur. Frumenta ab equitibus Romanis incendentur; pontes et
oppida a legionibus incendentur. Post bellum frumentum et servi et arma a Gallis nobis tradentur.
Ita pax in Gallia confirmabitur. Victoria nostra erit! (He tossed up his head proudly.) Victoria! Ah!
PROFESSOR: Quid autem vos nunc agitis?

CENTURIO: In proelium a Caesare mittimur. Ecce nos post aciem hostium sumus. Per silvas
longa via venimus et . . . (Suddenly there was the high piercing note of a trumpet, onceand again.)
Signum est! Signum a Caesare datur! (He threw up his arms.) In hostes!
The whole troop rushed madly off the scene towards the left. I shivered for the Gauls. The cry
of panic rose and mounted, shrill, of men in ultimate pain. Then the professor switched off the
power. We sat there long in silence.
1 ante, prep. w/accus.: before

2 en: behold
3 jam, adv.: already.

Henle FYL Lesson 17 Thru 21 Exercises

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Henle FYL Lesson 17 Thru 21 Exercises

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Nomen: _____________________________

Hodie est: _____________________

Conjugating Latin Verbs.Lesson 17.3

2. Find the stem of each verb.

Verb Parts: administro ________________________________________________________________

Tense: Passive Voice, Present Tense _________

Verb Parts: administro, _______________________________________________________________

Tense: Passive Voice, Imperfect Tense _______

Verb Parts: administro, _______________________________________________________________

Tense: Passive Voice, Future Tense _________

Verb Parts: appello, __________________________________________________________________

Tense: Passive Voice, Present ______________

Verb Parts: appello,

Verb Stem: ____________________________

Tense: Passive Voice, Imperfect Tense ________

Verb Parts: appello, __________________________________________________________________

Tense: Passive Voice, Future Tense __________

Verb Parts: confirmo, ________________________________________________________________

Tense: Passive Voice, Present Tense _________

Verb Parts: confirmo, ________________________________________________________________

Tense: Passive Voice, Imperfect Tense _______

Verb Parts: confirmo, ________________________________________________________________

Tense: Passive Voice, Future Tense __________

Maria appellabatur. ____________________________________________________________________________

Provincia administrabitur. ____________________________________________________________________

Amici confirmantur. ___________________________________________________________________________

Gallia administratur. ___________________________________________________________________________

Romani confirmabantur. ______________________________________________________________________

Mundus administratur. ________________________________________________________________________

Bella administrantur. __________________________________________________________________________

Deus Rex hominum appellatur. _______________________________________________________________

10. Pax confirmabitur. _____________________________________________________________________________

26. Salus et veritas nobis per Christum dantur. _______________________________________________

Exercise 205. Practice with the Passive Voice.

Pax saepe propter metum vulnerum et mortis laudatur. __________________________________________

Confirmabiturne pax post proelia et bella et caedes? _____________________________________________

In percul Deus semper appellatur. ___________________________________________________________

Cr pueri mali nn laudantur?________________________________________________________________

Gloria De per Jsm Chrstum datur. _________________________________________________________

Mlits et in silvs et in agrs collocabantur; in eos hosts impetum fcrunt. _________________________

Rx malus nn adjuvabitur. __________________________________________________________________

11b. Ducs et impertres rs fortiter administrant. Itaque ei etiam laudantur. ___________________________

Chrstin bon et in pace et in bell lgem Chrst servant. ________________________________________

12b. Itaque eis magnum praemium in Cael dabitur. _________________________________________________

aut . . . aut: either . . . or

Ducs nn laudabantur; long enim aberant proeliis et castrs. ___________________________________

Hodie est: ___________________________

Worry Not!! Most of these are just two words.

The centurions are being addressed.____________________________________________________________________

God will be called upon. __________________________________________________________________________________

The affair s being managed._____________________________________________________________________________

Peace was being strengthened. __________________________________________________________________________

Soldiers are being stationed in the fields. ______________________________________________________________

The cities are being stormed. ____________________________________________________________________________

The soldier s being helped. ______________________________________________________________________________

Grain will be given the soldiers. _________________________________________________________________________

Our friends will be encouraged. _________________________________________________________________________

10. Our soldiers were being helped. _________________________________________________________________________

Complete these phrases with whenever possible; otherwise use ab.

6. by the leader of the enemy

7. by the chief of the tribe

8. by the Roman Senate

9. by all the soldiers

10. by Caesar and his cavalry