Saturday,Apr 21, 2012

Environmental
Environmental
issues &
issues &
Pollution Control
Pollution Control
Measures
Measures
in Power sector
in Power sector
Tushar Kumar
Sr. Manager ( Envt. Management)
Email- tusharkumar@ntpc.co.in
Presentation Structure
Introduction
Environment Management in NTPC
Presentation Structure
Introduction
Environment Management in NTPC
Ranked electrification as the greatest engineering
achievement of the 20th century, ahead of
automobiles, telecommunications, computers, and
even healthcare in terms of its positive impact on
quality of life.
Cycles of Demographic Growth
With the onset of the Industrial Revolution, humankinds ability to extract
and use energy from nature increased dramatically. Whereas biomass and
animal power fueled the agrarian boom, fossil fuels powered the Industrial
Revolution and the modern societies that grew out of it.
World Benchmarks- Global Energy System 2000 2020 2050
Population (billion) 6.2 8 10
Primary Energy, Gtoe/yr 10 13 17
Electricity Fraction of primary energy (%) 0.38 0.5 0.7
Electricity Consumption (trillion kWh/yr) 13 28 60
Electricity Generating Capacity (thousands of GW) 3 5 10
Maximum Carbon Emissions (GT per year) 7 8 10
World Energy Systems- getting electrified
The world is predicted to become more and more dependent on electricity
Shares of energy sources in world primary energy demand
Incremental world primary energy demand by fuel, 2000-10
Coal accounted for nearly half of the increase in global energy use over the past
decade with the bulk of the growth coming from the power sector in emerging
economies
Per Capita Electricity Consumption
Carbon footprints in various economies
Source Human Development Report 2007
Rapidly Growing Energy Demand India
Energy demand driven by GDP, population and higher
urbanisation
Indias economy expected to grow by 7-8%
Population expected to touch 1.32 Billion and
Urbanisation levels is expected to touch 43% by 2020.
Energy per capita at 510 KwH per capita is low vis--vis a
Global average of 1818 KwH.
By 2020, Indias energy per capita is expected to touch
722 KwH per capita.
Increasing environmental concerns will play a role in
determining the fuel mix.
Indian Electricity Generation Mix
Source: World Energy Outlook 2007, IEA
Coal
Gas
2010~32 GW
NTPC Generation Mix
Coal
Gas
Nuclear
Hydro
Renewable
2017 ~ 75 GW
Coal
Gas
Nuclear
Hydro
Renewable
2032 ~ 128 GW
Presentation Structure
Introduction
Environment Management in NTPC
Institutional Setup for Addressing Envt. Issues
Engineering
Phase
Operation
Phase
Research
Area
Engg/Envt Engg.
Envt Clearances
Equipment Specifications
R&M Activities for Envt Eqpt.
Envt Mgmt.,AU & Aff Compliance Assurance
Policy Advocacy
Scientific Data base etc.
Envt. Perf. Enhancement
Energy Conservation CEETEM
CEENPEP Efficiency Improvement
NETRA Research for SPM reduction
Research for GHG capture
IGCC / Solar Power Initiatives
Enhancing Ash Uti. & Affores.
Material Flow Diagram for Thermal Power plant
Air Emissions
SPM,CO2, SO2, NOx
Electricity
Fuel ( Coal, Gas,
LDO/HFO)
Air
Aux.Power
Recycled
Water
Water
ASH (Coal)
Waste
Lub Oil/ Grease
Ferrous Scraps
Non Ferrous Scraps
Batteries
Bio-Medical Waste
Effluents
Main Plant Eff.
Ash Pond Eff. (Coal)
Domestic Eff.
Domestic Waste
Air Emissions: SPM, SO
2
, NO
x
& CO
2
SPM Reduction (Design Approach)
ESP Retrofit
Dummy Field Filling at Singrauli,
Ramagundam
Replacement of Electrical energisation
system at Unchahar (St-1), Singrauli,
Rihand ( St-1), Ramagundam (St-1 &2),
Farakka, Korba, Badarpur, Tanda
Additional Fields at Badarpur, Talcher
Thermal
350
150
100
S
P
M

(
m
g
/
N
m
3
)

No
Limit
For
SPM
Emis
sion
bef:
1986
L
i
m
i
t

1
5
0

m
g
/
n
m
3
(

E
P

A
c
t

1
9
8
6
)
Design Criteria
(<100 mg/nm3)
Year
1986
1996
Flue Gas Conditioning
Ammonia based FGC at following Stations
Farakka St-1 & 2
Singrauli- St-1 & 2
Rihand St-1
Badarpur St-1 & 2
Korba St-1 & 2
SO3 based FGC at
Rihand St-2
Air Emissions: SPM, SO
2
, NO
x
& CO
2
NO
x
Emission Abatement
High stack for Better dispersion
low NOx wall fired coal burner Over fire
Dampers in Coal Based units
Combustion optimization
Water Injection, Low NOx burners & DeNOx
arrangements in Gas Based Units
Real time NOx Measurement Systems are
available in all Gas Based units
Real time NOx Measurement Systems are
available in new coal based units
SO
2
Abatement
Through tall stack of Height 220 mts for
200 MW units & 275 mts for 500 MW units
Space left for FGD in 500 MW Units
FGD has been incorporated in plant
configuration at Bongaigaon Units to burn
Assamese Coal
Real time SO2 Measurement Systems are
available in new coal based units
Facts about SO
2
Emission
Sulphur Content in Indian Coal is inherently
low (0.2- 0.6 %) only as compared to 2- 5 %
in western coal
Sweetened Gas is used in Gas based power
plants, which does not have Sulphur
content.
Real time SO2 Measurement Systems are
available in Gas Based units
Air Emissions: SPM, SO
2
, NO
x
& CO
2
CO
2
Emission Abatement
Super Critical units
Bigger size Units (500 MW or more)
Renovation & Modernization of Old units
Energy efficient Systems ( VFD, Adnaced
Controllers)
Efficiency Improvement through Energy
Conservation
Performance Optimization through real
time efficiency monitoring (PADO etc.)
Advantages of Super Critical Units
Reduction for 500 Mw at 68.5% PLF
PER YEAR is approximately.
CO2 : 78300 TONS
SO2 : 365 TONS
NOX : 71 TONS
Facts about CO
2
Emission
Presently 81% of installed capacity of NTPC
is Coal based and balance is Gas based
CDM Methodology for North Karanpura
Project has been approved by CDM Exe
Board
Real time CO2 Measurement Systems are
under installation .
Presently Tree Wealth of more than 18.7
Million acting as GHG sink
Supply Side
Increased use of
Non fossil energy
Improved efficiency
of power system
Nuclear or LNG
thermal power generation sources
Hydroelectric, Geothermal,
Solar & Wind power
Combined cycle , supercritical
,IGCC thermal power plants
Use of Extra High Voltage
transmission systems
Demand Side
Energy Conservation
Regeneration
Energy conservation in industries,
households , lighting etc
Development of high efficient energy
saving applications
Concept of energy efficient buildings
Use of Regenerative systems in grid
Co2 Control Measures for Electricity sector
Ambient Air Quality
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
61 Nos. of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
Systems have been installed and
commissioned successfully at 20 NTPC
Stations.
These systems have capability of
measurement of following parameters
SO2, NOx, PM10, PM2.5 & CO2
Wind Speed, Wind Direction, Rain fall,
Relative Humidity, Solar Radiation &
Temerature.
These AAQMs helps to establish linkage
between emissions from TPP with Ground
Level Conc of pollutants
Data from these AAQMS has been made
available to CPCB ( Hourly Average)
Ash Management
Areas of Ash Utilization
Presently ash generated at Coal based plants is
used in
Mine filling
Roads & Railway Embankments
Cement , RCC & HVFAC
Ash based Bricks , Blocks , Tiles etc
Agriculture
Railway Concrete sleepers ( Lab Scale)
Ash Pond Management Fugitive Emission Control
BTPS Ash Pond covered with Greenry
Arrangement of Water Sprinklers
Green Cover at Ash Pond
Land reclamation
Effluent Management
C
y
c
l
e

o
f

C
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
Systems Installed for Effluent Mgmt.
LWTP /STPs AT
Dadri, Badarpur, Anta, Auraiya, Singrauli,
Rihand, Tanda, Unchahar, Farakka,
Kahalgaon, Talcher Super, Talcher Thermal,
Ramagundam, Simhadri, Kayamkulam,
Vidhyachal, Sipat, Korba, Kawas & Jhanor
Effluent discharged from the above is
used for horticulture purpose
extensively
AWRS AT
Rihand, Unchahar, Kahalgaon, Talcher
Thermal,Talcher Super, Ramagundam,
Simhadri, Vindhyachal, Sipat, Korba,
Singrauli (U/c)
Above provisions at NTPC stations has
resulted in Water recycling upto 85-90%
at many stations
PLANT EFFLUENT IS USED FOR HORTICULTURAL PURPOSE.
WATER GRID (HDPE PIPELINE) COVERING THE ENTIRE PLANT
AREA IS AVAILABLE FOR THIS PURPOSE
RGCCPP RGCCPP
Waste Management
Waste Management Policy.
Lub Oil , Transformer Oil , Grease Sold to registered recyclers ( registered
with CPCB/SPCBs)
Ferrous Scrap / Non Ferrous scarp e Auction through MSTC/STC.
Hazardous Waste: Member to TSDF Facilities in states
(AP,Mah,Kerala,Guj,Delhi & UP)
At other plants kept in safe, identified places.
Batteries : Returned under buy back arrangement / obligation
Domestic Waste : Efforts are being made to segregate waste at source for
proper disposal.
Bio- Methanation plant : completed at Faridabad & Singrauli & being under
process of award at Kawas & Dadri.(Consultancy from TERI)
VermiComposting : at most of NTPC Plants
Bio-Medical Waste : Disposed off through SPCB approved agencies for Bio-
Medical waste Handling
NTPC
- Committed to
protect Environment for
future generation