UN LY

ERw] ITl
T G!
p ETRONAS
COURSE
DATE
TiME
PABIO42/PCBIO12 INTRODUCTION TO OIL AND GAS
AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
1Qrh SEPTEMBER 2Q11 (SATURDAY)
s. oo AM
-
11. Oa ann (2 HOURS)
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
.
Answer ALL
s
from the Questions Book'et.
Begin EACH
answer on a new page
n the Answer Bookiet.
nthcat
eary answers
that
are canceIIed,
iany.
.
Where
appaabe,

w cIearIy steps
taken in
arriving at
the
solutions and
cat ALL
ssumptwons.
5
not
this

instructed.
Note
:
There
are
TWENTY ONE (21)
pages
in this Questan Booklet including
the
cover e and appendix.
UzaI.
vErs
I
t:
I
'r(. 4wrc;
)
I
og
I PE'": 'RONAS
/PBIOI2

ONE (1) best
answer or each ueston
Answer ALL
questions.
.
internatonaC
oil cornpanes obtain a
Icense'
A. By dthng in
a
Hcensing
round
B. Through threct
negotiations with governments or natonaj oi companies
c By taking
over other cornpanies and
inherftng their ticense
AU
of
the
above
2. Most
of
s
produced
between temperatures
of
60
and
I 20 degrees C,
at a
depth
rar
known
as
the:
A: oi
window
B. depth
C, Oi
range
D. Ofl bracket
in the
subsurface, oil and gas accumulate:
A. In arge holes, lke
caves and caverns
Bln
pockets, a
few hundred
meters
below the
seafloor
cIn dune
sand
in Mddre
eastern
deserts
CLthe
pores of
host
rocks
,
A
petroleum system comprises:
w A
source rock, a reservoir rock, a seas and a
trap
B. A basin,
a source rock, a migration path and a reservoir rock
c* An
oil
fie1d,
w
a We1ir a pipeUne and a refinery
D. All

the
above
Processes
nvoI petroleum system nclude:
A. Generationw
rngration, accurnuati and preservation
B. Transformation,
migration, entrapment and retention
aturatIon generation, migration and accumulation
11 None
of
the
above
r
P. 042/PCBI 012
'POS"
refers
to:
A Presence Of Source
rock
On Site
ProbabRR'ty Of Success
D. Petreur On Sate
7. The
source rocks
that
generate oNl and gas are rich
in
organic rnatterw
This
organic matter comes
from:
A. The decomposition

thnosaurs in 4ake,
swamp and river secwments
w The
accurnuatlon and
decomposon
of marine plankton at
the bottom
of
deep
oceans
c The
accurnulation of
bird droppings
on uninhabited offshore
islands
D. The
accumulation, over rnllions of yearsn of extraterrestrial
dust
and
meteorites.
& Recoverable
volur of oi refer
to:
A. The
volume of oil
that
can
be
recovered using current
technology
6w The
vol of ol
that
car
he
recovered
during
a production
test
cW The
okir of oil
that
can
be
recovered using special methods
ii The
volurne or o11
that
can
he
recovered alter an ol splll
9W Sesrnic
records are measured
in:
A. Distance
B, Depth
Time
D.
of
the
above
1o At the
present
trne,
rwah1e energy sources provide:
A. Less than 10%
of
the total
world energy supply
a 20 to 25%
othe
total
world energy supply
c. About 50'%

of
the total
world energy supply
D. More than 75%
of
the
world energy supply
61042PCI3I 012
11M NonconventnnI
ovM
isP:
A. Op that does
not
figure
on
1nternatona Conventwons
on
Energy
B. OU that s
produced or extracted using
techniques
other
than the traditional
oil weH method.
C`
Qrl that has
a
nonconventionaI c4"em composition
D Oil that ke
another
qthd
12
can
be transformed into
a
liquid
.
A. Through
a process caIled
GTL (Gas to liquid), n
which
hydrocarbon
fractions 6n then
gas are othfled
to become llquid
B. Through
compression and cooling of
dry
gas
to
produce
LNG
c. Through
cornpresson of assodated gas,
to
produce
LPG
bAII
of
the
above

13 6iofues
can
be
produced:
A. From
ts
that
produce sugar and starch
B. From boogica
compounds extracted
from dead
anrnais
! r!!
From
garbage and unused parts of agrcuIturaI products
DM , From fruits
rich
in juice.
14 Wind Energy;
A
sa new
type
of energy
that had
not
been
used
before the 2O
century*
Req'ures instaUing arge
quantities of very expensive windmUisw
C.
s economica6 with
today"s techno'ogy.
D. Has
no environmental
disadvantage.
I 5. Which
of
the following techniques is NOT
skiered as a secondary recovery
process?
A,
.
Gas
cap
drive
Bw. Water injection
cFormataon
water re-injection
0. None
of
the
above
4
PCBYO'II2
16.
Porosity is
a measure of:
A. Production
capcty of reservoir rocks
WettbWty
of
the
reservoir rocks
Storage
capacity of
the
reservoir rocks
D. None
of
the
above
17w During
aI
OR
processes, one or
two
variabl'es of
Darcy
equation s
rnanipu'at
Which
of
the owpng is NO'"1"`
one of
those
var6ab1es?
!!!!!!!!!
Pernabwmt
Vdslly
cw Cross
sectona9 area
to flow
0* None
of
the
above
Questions I 8-20
refer
to the figure be'ow.
-------1
18N Section 1 indicates the:
4

Nqh
AChrstmas tree.
BW Tubing.
cw Stock tank.
I,, None
of
the
above.
/PCB1012
I9
Section 7 indicates the:
li,
i
"
2
phase separator
B. 3
phase separator
c Christmas tree
D. None
of
the
above
20. Packer
s
indicated by:
A Section 4
8. Section 1
C. Section 5
D None
of
the
above
21
N
Oil flow
rate
is
measured
in
the unit of
A. MMCFD
IN
Bbif day
rw Cubic ftiday
D. Ga!
on/day
22 OMP flow
rate
is
measured
by
using
A. Thermometer
B,. Pressure
gauge
C. Separator
how
meter
23. Gas s
cflscharged
from
of
the
separator
!!!
Top
!!
8 Bottom
c*
Mdcfle
D Base
24w Metering
system
is
a system which
is
used
for
measuring
iIM
Pressure
in the flow Une
IW
Bw Voiurnetric fkw
rate
of oU
or
gas
C. Temperature
of
flow ire
a 'edfic
gravity of
the fluki
6
PABI
'042IPCB1
012
25 Christr
an sernbty of and
flttings
attached on
t
wel
head
WMN
A. Transpcnt
oil
from
one p'ace
to
another
parate
produced
fluid into different
phases.
IIIIIICY'I' Reguiate flow
of
IcNid.
!
C:



the flow
of oil and gas.
26.
_ ______
is
an assernb4y of vaIves and
fittings
which are used
for
regulaUng
ffa
ofoi and cja
A Separator
B. edC
've
c. Diaphragm
motor va've
D. Christmas tree
27 One
of
transporting
crude rai
from
one place
to
another can
be done
by
using a
k Rotary
meter
BM Positve displacement
meter
w
Pump
.
D. Elbow
"' 8 A is
used
for anrUng
gas
to long distance in
case of nsufficierit
pressure.,
A.
Gas
engine
.
M Compressor
c Diesel
engine
Dw Eectricrnotor
29r pilant
structure s nc1
n
_
r,

Fixed iaci1m
B. Floating acO(ftes
e faclUe
D. Sub-sea facilties
7
I
3O Wehead
area of
the
except:
A. Casnng head
B. Tubing bead
C. Christmas tree
P'pe ne
PA/PCB 1012
31. Which
of
the foowing is the last
step
in the
sequence of
dri! ing
operation?
ern
entinting production casing
.,

/'''
Bw DrWing
production
hole
Cw RUrw &
set
liner
D. Cement liner
3 2. What is the
main
function
of shale shaker?
A. Removes
entrained gas
bubbI
s fine
partMces
!
Cw Removes
granular wastes
i
OrdOiil
uRemoves
drH
cuttngs
33, Jackup
rigs are used
in drMffing
where water
depth
s
tess than
A. 0
meter
B 500
meter
:
100
meter
,,!!!!
!!
'''"
w 200
meter
. ..
34w
wn
ba
and
travelUng bi
are consisted
in
A. Gircuation System
!,
Hoisting System
Cw Rotary System
, TransportaUon
system

. Rotary
system
is
used
for the
purpose of
A.
Running
and pulling equipment
into
and out
of the welt.
!!!!!!!
S
Rotating
drill
string and
:
bt
dNlll
M CMlatng drd4lrng
'uki
D. Pumping
water
into the
welI.
PAB 1 042/PCB I 012
36
Which
of
the foUowhig is the function
of mud pump?
A Transfers arge
okime
of
driffirg fluid
under
high
pressure
j!!!!
! Removes drNd
cuttings
from the d'riffin uki
C. Fves fine
parc1es
from driUirg fluid
0. Removes drifl
cuttings
from the draUing fluid
37.
of
the
foUoweng
is
not the
size of avaUable
standard casings?
&36
B33
C3 O
+
dI
M
24
Which
of
the foiiowing i the
nornwnaiweight of
4 inches driai
pipe?
A. 14M0
B. 17M0
c'pY
19M00
0
P'
39 Which
o
the foIbwir s defindtion
of
travelling block?
A. An
arrangement of sheaves
BA large hookshaped device
c An
ernbly of pualeys called
"sheavesAr
Dy An
extemeiy
rugged,
heavy duty
clamps
4O Which
of
the foIowkng is
not considered as part of overhead
tools?
A. Crown block
B. Travelling
block
IM
IIIII EIevator
III
I
D. Draling line
41. Describe
petroleum reflnfrig.
A. It is
a process
for
sorting
the types
of crude oil
Bt is
a process of
distributing the
most valuable oil products
r"

,
o"
It is
a process of separating
thfferent
products
from the
crude o

0. Rsa
process
for increasing the
value of certain oil products
9
PBI 0421PC61 012
42.
What is the MAIN
ctIve o1 petroleum refnlng:
A. To
produce good products as much as possbe
'
,,,
r
.
To
maxwmMze production of
transport
, To
maxirnze
the tchnoNogy deve!
opment
for
profits
Diw
To
'ac'c&e4te
petrIwylleuI
IIG
prod'ucon
43. Which
of
the f is NOT
a petroleum refinfrlg process?
A. tifiation
c Cataytwc
cracking
D Su'phur
reforming
Product b'end6ng
44. What
property plays a major role
in
separating products
from
crude oH?
A. Pour
point
B. AP Gravty
c. MeIt.
r7ug point
Boi
point
45
n crude oI, what constitutes paraffin?
A. Straight
chain
hydrocarbon
B Straight
chain cycio'hydrocarbon
:
Straght
chain
&nge bond hydrocarbon
D. Straight
chain oefin
4'6. The three basic
steps Mn refining are separatord
treatment
and
A. Cracking
B
Conversion
rM Reforming
D. DesuIphurization
47 What s
one of
the
major raw rnatera
for
petrochemca production?
A. Ethylene
gyco1
B. Ethano'

'""'!
,
: thy'ere
N,
'''
w Methane.
10
'AB
B I 0' 12
48. The
set of
information
about crude o quality
is
called:
A. An

B.
!
P An
assay
!'
D. A
product slate
49. cry4orrHeButadiene-SRyrene (ABS) is
a petrocherncaI product
for
synthetic:
A. Crude
o
B. Gasoiine
Rubber
0. Tyre
5O. An
examp'e of
the
use of
,
yvinchorid
(PVC) s:
A. Car bumper
B.
nk
cw Car tyres
.
hapr
5L How
much of
the
wor'd o and production
is
estrnated
to be
used
n
petrocherncai production?
A.
15%
B 5'0%
5%

DN
25
52 Which
of
the followlng
wII
NOT influence
o6l prices
in term
of
fMnancll
economics/markets?
A. Precipitous decline in the US Dollar
B. Excessive
and uncontrolled speculation
!
:
"IAe
share of oll
tt,
res contracts controlled
by
specrlators at
the New
y^id

York
Mercantile
o
l
Exchange (NYMEX)
Continued instability
and
heightened
security concerns
in
major oil and
gas producing countries,
Ii
PAB1 O42IPCBI 012
53.
Which
of
the fng
are
the key
concerns
that
wrl'1 give pressure
to Malaysia
iiiM Famdng
comrnodty prices
ivw DecUning mndustria'
production
,,
il' Declining
export
as
the
economy continues
to brace
external chauenges?
k!
i,
u
Rising MnflaUon
''
,
/:
Pungng
consumer confidence
A. I
and
ie
B i
and
i9i
H mii
and
iv
Dw
of
the
above
54w Which
of
the following is
the
main actor
in
regu'ating
wordwide
oiI price?
Ar UN
w
R'EA
cw tM'wlF
iw
OPEC
IIIIIII
55 The
oa price market n genera'
tends to be
Aw astkc
kielastic
c, Unit
eastr
11 erfectPy &astc
E Perfectly ine'astic
56!. T' eeper
eftdown weighs
down heavy
on
the
omy4
sa ness and
the
N
. Environment
B. C'mate
change
,!
Consumer
at
arge
ii
D Poit
uncertainty
PAB 1 042Bi 01
57w
Curve Mode' has been ev&oped by
A! k,
Haert
_. .
diir
k3
1
Schu1
Y+
pete1
C. Lorenz
D. PhUUps
58 The difference bet
and
Opex is that Capex
A. Is discounted
at a
different
rate
to
B. Occurs
only
betbre first
oiI
s
produced, after which aI1 expenditure
is Opex
CM Can be
aiway
deducted from the tax Iiabty,
whereas
Opex
can only
be
deducted
after
tirst
oU.
ReIates to the
construction of system of production, whereas
Opex
re%ates
to the
operation and maintenance of
these
systerns.
59. The 1973 011 Shocks happens because
of
A. Vorn Kippur War due to US
support
for srae
Bw Higher
price elasticity of
demand r v&oped
countries
c SeI. Ier's
cartels
that
affect
the
oH price
D. Opec
caIIs
for
security of
demand
6OW Which
of
the foiiowncj factors
wiil
impact
expioratron and production
(E&P) for
oii and gas
industry due to
current global recession?
A. Demand destruction
i
I8x
Project become
uneconomic
c Sharp
and precipitous
decline in
prices
Dw inventory buNld-up/tankty
surplus
61
M
Ali
of
the toibwing is the
genera' observations of global oI
demand EXCEPT:
A. Oi demand
more responsive
to iorne than
prices
B, Deveioping
countries exhibit
higher income &asticity than
oecd
Responsiveness
of oi
demand to Thcor
ciaaly
in
oecd
countries
Dw Dollar Iuaton
r supplies and
incr the demand foronl
I3
042/PCB1 012
62
Which
of
the following is
an exampIe of measurement
that
can
be taken by
ocaa
or natonal government
to

ev&opment
more sustafriable?
A. BuUding
on green-flead sites
B. inrreasing
parking
tacUities
: '"r Introduction
of r schemes
D. More
street
Ughting
63. Which
o
the fomowing
can
be
ciassifi as enewabi gy source?
A. Nuclear
B. Oii
C. CoaI
D': 'Wind
64w Which
of
the oUowmng
perspectives
takes the
strongest stance n support of
sustainability?
Aw
Cornucopian
Deep
ecoIogy
a!
"Comrnunaist
D. Free
market
Which
of
the oUowng
statements
is
correct?
ASustainabe devebprnent s
not necessary
iratib#e with
Iaduaiueconornic
growth.
B. Sustanabe devebpment implies that
economc growth wiU
have to
become
negative.
,
Sustnabie deveoprnent is
concerned soexy with economic
issues
D. stain eveopment is
another name
for
economic growth.
66w Which
one of the
oUowMng
gases
greenhouse gases'?
A Methane
,,
B!: Hydrogen
,
C.
Carbon dioxde
Dw
Nitrous
oxrde.
is
not
ncuded
s`n
the
category of
14
1012
67. What
s
the
official
definition
of
Sustainable Deveoprnen?
A Reducing
envfronrnentai
impact
B Using mess
energy
in
production
u
'"
.AYuYrr tlM a + nna
conrmc aeveopn aKes ruw genanons nto account
Which
one of
the oflowfrg
countries contributes
the highest
rate
of carbon
doxMde emssaon?
: China
B. United Kingdom
c., India
D. United States
When
was
the
notion of
s4.. dtainab'e dewprnent first v&d?
i
'/y,
'/
II M
",
B. 198"
c
1992
7O What es b1ornass?

,
rw
'W Electrpcal
energy obtained
from the
combustion of products produced
by
organic
farming.
B All
planted material avaQable
for
oolQectron and recycling
for the
production of energy.
c. A
car
battery
manufactured
from
recycled plastic.
71.
A. So'ar
!
BI c1
C. Wave
D. Wind

one of
the is
not a
'renewabJe'
energy source?
72. Which
one
is
an
ndic;
tor
to Bodivy Los
A. Forest
extent expanding
Water Bird
pu'ation
increases
ersty
o agrcuturacrops
increases CI Geflet dv
sherles
fufly
exploited
,
15
PAE31042/PCBIOI2
73.
The toll'owng is true for issues in
sustainable
ev&oprnent EXCEPT:
A. I
W3
bilUon
peopme
do
not
have
access
to
cFean water
B. 3 billion
peop9e
)acking
access
to
adequate sanitation
C. 2 billion
peopde
do
not
have
access
to
eIectricity
bffl"ion
peop'e
in
poor countries consume more
than the
worki
popu1aUon
7 S&ect the
most probabie
factor
contributing
to Biodiversity Loss
Causes
of
biodiversity
not signffirantly addressed
during dv&opment
consideration
oo
many people sharing
the
same resources on
the
p6anet
Cw 1effldent
manufacturing rate versus consumption rate
D. Lack
of common sense
during dv&oprnent
75. Poverty
consumpUon
inequality
means:
Aa few hundred
rniiiionaires now own as much wea1th as
the
woridrys
poorest
2r5 bion
op'e
20'%

of
the
words richest population account
for 86%
of
tota'
private
il
consumption expenditures and yet
20%
of
the
poorest consume a
minuscule
13'%

C. I bNI'lYon
people suffer
from hunger
and yet some
I2 bHIon
suffer
from
obesity
D. People
consume what
they
need, reuse and ryde whenever possible
and conserve water even
though there is
no shortage.
76 The foflwings
are one of
the
concerns and
fears in
energy security except:
A. OU
and
fossil fuel depletion
B. Reliance
on
foreigr
sources of energy
IrN
Demands from
advancing
developing
countries
!D
Abundant
energy
supply
versus
demands
16
PA " 042/F'B I C' I2
77.
Sustinab1e development
was
defined by the United Nations World
Cornrn1s&or
on
Environment
and
Development bn the 1987 Report
as
"those
paths of
.. -_, _... _
that
meet
the
needs o
the
present without cornprornsng
the
b1'wty
of
future
generations
to
meet
their
oWr1 needs.
"
A. Social,
econornc and cationa1 progress
,
ft

economic and poIitca progre
cw
Soda!,
poMtica4
and educational progres
a
poIitNcaI, economic and e+ucatlonaI
progress
78w
---.
s
recognized as an
irnportant
cause of environmenta'
degradation
and
therefore
recognizes
that
economic
devePapment has
a cruia.

rote
to
play
in
contributing
to
poverty alleviation.
A. Prosperity
a Stability

C"+.
Poverf
.,,
D. Consistency
79 Deveoprnent,
only
takes
p1ace
f the
resource
harvest
rates are at
ev&s
managed or natural regeneration rates permft, and
the
use of
the
envronrnent
as a waste sink occurs oniy on
the basis that
waste
thsposa1
rates should not
exceed
the
managed or natura' assimilation capacity of
the
environment.
r,
.
ko higher than
B. okwer than
C. Equa6 to
D Of two times
80. The
natonaI ecoIogrcai
deficit
measures
the by
which
the
country
footprint (plus the
country's share of
biodiversity
responsbfflty) exceeds
the
ecologica6 capacity of
that
nation.
,,
a''
A Wealth
$1
Poverty
c Policy

Amount
I
O42IPCBIOI2
81. Eco1ogica1 footprint s
a measure of
how
much
-----
land
and water an
indlvidua',
a city, a country, or
humanity
requwres to
produce
aIl
the
resources
it
consumes and
to
absorb alf
the
waste
it
generatesf
using prevailing
technology.
Amount
82. Which
one
s NOT
an
indicator for Green Cities
Index
**
Transport
B. Waste
Water
Dp
"
,
tr!
c$y
83. One
of
the y findings dn Asian Green Ctdes
Index 201 1
s:
A. China
s strong overai
B. Japan is
strong on pocdes
ft QuaAty
cPrductNve
D. Quantity
D. Japan is
weak on energy
& C
ernsson
China
s weak on energy
& C02
emission
84. A
zero carbon cfty
is
a settement with:
A Less
poUution
B. s
carsr
factories
etc
, IMII
Majority
powered
by
renewable energy
sources
D. More
green and
less human
activities
85. The
crteron
to become
a zero carbon
thy is by:
r
Coectvey
rudng
the
emissions of greenhouse gases
to
zero
B. Dec1arng that the
sett'ement
has become
a zero carbon cIty
cM Abiding to the
guieUnes set
by the (oca
authority
D. Piantirtg
more
trees
18
PABI42PCB1 12
86
What is
an active soIar
technique?
i"he
use of activated photovoUac pane's and solar
thermal
coIlactors
to
harness the
suns energy
BW The
use of photovoltaic pane's and solar
thermal
collectors
to harness
the
SUn'S energy
C. Tapping
of soNar energy
from
n
by
using activated carbon
D Use
of activated carbon
mn the
production 0 photovoltaic panels
87 What is the
common
form
of r+wabie energy
berig harnessed Mn MaIayia?
A. Sofar
power
aw
power
' Hydro
power
!!
pr
a Tida'
power
88. What is the
rnain
factor
which prevents
Maiaysia from harnes&ng the
suns
r?
A. The high
cost of
Photovoltaic
panels
B. L
of
techn n harnessing the
sun power
C. Lack
of poiiUca wiH
in
utffiz'ing
the
Le of
Phovotaic
pane's
o'
from the
puhlic and
industry
89N

ssior ehice (ZEV):
A. Bcyc1
e
!
a'
Motorcycle
cN
Electric
powered
vehcIe
DN Fue Celled
powered vehicle
90w Zero Eon Vehicle is
a 'ehicie wich;
N
"w'Does
not t green
house
gases
fr the
onboard source of
power
11
ipr
during
operation
B. Operates
on renewab'e energy
during
operation
C. Emits
water vapors and oxygen
during
operation
ft Does
not
have
any aust pipes
I9
PABIO42IPCBIO12
91
.
Fue'
ceII vehcIes are powered
by:
A. Oxygen
BM Hydrogen
Hydrogen
and
Oxygen

a None the
above
92 The
ecoogica
iootprnt is
a measure of
demand
on
the Earth's
r
ecosystems
I
Ip
IM
iuw
Human
!!
V
!!!!
B. Eco1ogca
C~ nornNca
DM AgrNcutural
. The baast
water
wwww. ww
the
compartment
before they
can
be filled
with a
fresh
cargo of oa

Has to be
added
to
B. Has to be
removed
from
c
Has to
be
artaly added to
iM
W
Has to
part6a6y rd
from p
1
94 Which
process
does
not requfte
dry docking?
vkn.
g
B. Repairing
D. Shipping
Ceanng
95w The
toxic the
substance
the
the
Iet dose.
Jiil
XMore
and greater
"IiIIIMIir " 7' i I
..... .. i . . w. _. __i ___u__ ..
D. MOW O sinaIG6er
C. Less
and sma1er
DM
and greater
20
PAB10421PCB1012
96.
Which
statement
does define
antagonism?
!!
k One increases the
mortality caused
by the
other.
B. One
maintains
th
mortality ee caused
by the
other
C. One
creates
the
mortality caused
by the
other.
D. One
reduces
the
mortality caused
by the
other
97. The
presence or absence of
these indicators
may
NOT
provide a warning
signal of
the
existence of pollution effects:
A. Those
with
high toleration.
B. Species
of commercial value and under cultivation.
C. Key
species whose presence or absence
in
certain environments
has
major repercussions
in the
community.
D. Indicator
species,
known to be
particularly resistant or particularly sensitive
to
pollutants.
98. Community
studies
involve taking
samples of organisms
from
k' Polluted
and control sites
B. Polluted
sites
C. Control
sites
D. Partially
polluted sites
99. Fixed installations
where
fish
or shellfish are
held in intensive
mariculture are
particularly
vulnerable
to damage from
accidental oil production
because the:
A. Animals
are more sensitive
B. Site is
not polluted
C, Animals
cannot escape
Site
is near
to the
shore
loo. Fish
eggs and
larvae
which are
______
sensitive
to toxin than
adults and are
commonly
in
waters.
A. Less
and
deep
B. More
and
deep
C. Less
and surface
,
More
and surface
21