Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Thérouanne
Plan du cours
2 - Les variables
2.1. Caractéristiques des variables
2.2. Echelles de mesure : nominale, ordinale, d'intervalles, de rapports
Bibliographie
-1-
Licence 1 LL1PY20 – Statistiques P. Thérouanne
∑x ∑x ∑x
m= m= µ= µ +1σ µ +2σ
N N N
∑ (x − m ) ∑ (x − m) ∑ (x − m)
2 2 2
s2 = s 2 corr = σ2 =
N N -1 N 99,7%
∑ (x − m) ∑ (x − m) ∑ (x − m)
2 2 2
s= scorr = σ=
N N-1 N µ +3σ
z .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
Table de la
loi normale .00
.10
.500
.460
.496
.456
.492
.452
.488
.448
.484
.444
.480
.440
.476
.436
.472
.433
.468
.429
.464
.425 Relation entre 2 variables quantitatives
.20 .421 .417 .413 .409 .405 .401 .397 .394 .390 .386
réduite : .30 .382 .378 .374 .371 .367 .363 .359 .356 .352 .348
probabilités .40 .345 .341 .337 .334 .330 .326 .323 .319 .316 .312
.50 .309 .305 .302 .298 .295 .291 .288 .284 .281 .278
unilatérales .60 .274 .271 .268 .264 .261 .258 .255 .251 .248 .245
.70 .242 .239 .236 .233 .230 .227 .224 .221 .218 .215
.80 .212 .209 .206 .203 .200 .198 .195 .192 .189 .187
.90 .184 .181 .179 .176 .174 .171 .169 .166 .164 .161 100
z = 0,82 1.00 .159 .156 .154 .152 .149 .147 .145 .142 .140 .138 (x1–m1) (x2–m 2)
1.10 .136 .133 .131 .129 .127 .125 .123 .121 .119 .117 90
1.20 .115 .113 .111 .109 .107 .106 .104 .102 .100 .099
1.30 .097 .095 .093 .092 .090 .089 .087 .085 .084 .082
1ère 80 (+) (+) = +
Poids (kg)
1.40 .081 .079 .078 .076 .075 .074 .072 .071 .069 .068
1.50 .067 .066 .064 .063 .062 .061 .059 .058 .057 .056
décimale 1.60 .055 .054 .053 .052 .051 .049 .048 .047 .046 .046 70
1.70 .045 .044 .043 .042 .041 .040 .039 .038 .038 .037
1.80
1.90
.036
.029
.035
.028
.034
.027
.034
.027
.033
.026
.032
.026
.031
.025
.031
.024
.030
.024
.029
.023
60 (x1–m1) (x2–m 2)
2ème 2.00
2.10
.023
.018
.022
.017
.022
.017
.021
.017
.021
.016
.020
.016
.020
.015
.019
.015
.019
.015
.018
.014 50
(-) (-) = +
2.20 .014 .014 .013 .013 .013 .012 .012 .012 .011 .011
décimale 2.30 .011 .010 .010 .010 .010 .009 .009 .009 .009 .008
40
2.40 .008 .008 .008 .008 .007 .007 .007 .007 .007 .006
2.50 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .005 .005 .005 .005 .005 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185
2.60 .005 .005 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004
Taille (cm)
pz > 0,82 2.70
2.80
2.90
.003
.003
.002
.003
.002
.002
.003
.002
.002
.003
.002
.002
.003
.002
.002
.003
.002
.002
.003
.002
.002
.003
.002
.001
.003
.002
.001
.003
.002
.001
3.00 .001
-2-
Licence 1 LL1PY20 – Statistiques P. Thérouanne
Mode : modalité dont l'effectif est le plus important (échelle nominale et +).
Indices de dispersion
Variables qualitatives
i=n
Entropie = ∑ p i log2
(1/pi )
i=1
Variables quantitatives
N 1 3N 1
Ecart interquartile = Qs - Qi avec rang Qi = + et rang Qs = +
4 2 4 2
∑ (x − m)2 ∑ x 2 2
Variance = s 2
= = −m
N N
(∑ x ) 2
∑ (x − m) 2 ∑ x2 − N N 2
Variance corrigée = s 2 corr = = = s
N-1 N −1 N −1
Ecart-type = s = s 2
Corrélation linéaire
Covariance =
∑ (x − m x )(y − m y ) = ∑ xy − m
xm y
N N
= cov (x, y )
x − mx y − my
Corrélation = r = cov ,
sx sy
s2 x * s2 y
-3-
Licence 1 LL1PY20 – Statistiques P. Thérouanne
x −m
Note centrée réduite : z =
s
p
fffd
O z
Z .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
.00 .500 .496 .492 .488 .484 .480 .476 .472 .468 .464
.10 .460 .456 .452 .448 .444 .440 .436 .433 .429 .425
.20 .421 .417 .413 .409 .405 .401 .397 .394 .390 .386
.30 .382 .378 .374 .371 .367 .363 .359 .356 .352 .348
.40 .345 .341 .337 .334 .330 .326 .323 .319 .316 .312
.50 .309 .305 .302 .298 .295 .291 .288 .284 .281 .278
.60 .274 .271 .268 .264 .261 .258 .255 .251 .248 .245
.70 .242 .239 .236 .233 .230 .227 .224 .221 .218 .215
.80 .212 .209 .206 .203 .200 .198 .195 .192 .189 .187
.90 .184 .181 .179 .176 .174 .171 .169 .166 .164 .161
1.00 .159 .156 .154 .152 .149 .147 .145 .142 .140 .138
1.10 .136 .133 .131 .129 .127 .125 .123 .121 .119 .117
1.20 .115 .113 .111 .109 .107 .106 .104 .102 .100 .099
1.30 .097 .095 .093 .092 .090 .089 .087 .085 .084 .082
1.40 .081 .079 .078 .076 .075 .074 .072 .071 .069 .068
1.50 .067 .066 .064 .063 .062 .061 .059 .058 .057 .056
1.60 .055 .054 .053 .052 .051 .049 .048 .047 .046 .046
1.70 .045 .044 .043 .042 .041 .040 .039 .038 .038 .037
1.80 .036 .035 .034 .034 .033 .032 .031 .031 .030 .029
1.90 .029 .028 .027 .027 .026 .026 .025 .024 .024 .023
2.00 .023 .022 .022 .021 .021 .020 .020 .019 .019 .018
2.10 .018 .017 .017 .017 .016 .016 .015 .015 .015 .014
2.20 .014 .014 .013 .013 .013 .012 .012 .012 .011 .011
2.30 .011 .010 .010 .010 .010 .009 .009 .009 .009 .008
2.40 .008 .008 .008 .008 .007 .007 .007 .007 .007 .006
2.50 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .005 .005 .005 .005 .005
2.60 .005 .005 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004
2.70 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003
2.80 .003 .002 .002 .002 .002 .002 .002 .002 .002 .002
2.90 .002 .002 .002 .002 .002 .002 .002 .001 .001 .001
3.00 .001
-4-