REPUBLIC ACT NO.

8043
AN ACT ESTABLISHING THE RULES TO GOVERN INTER-COUNTRY ADOPTION OF FILIPINO CHILDREN, AND
FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
ARTICLE I
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Sec. 3. Definition of Terms. As used in this Act. the term:
(a) Inter-country adoption refers to the socio-legal process of adopting a Filipino child by a foreigner or
a Filipino citizen permanently residing abroad where the petition is filed, the supervised trial custody is
undertaken, and the decree of adoption is issued outside the Philippines.
(b) Child means a person below fifteen (15) years of age unless sooner emancipated by law.
(c) Department refers to the Department of Social Welfare and Development of the Republic of the
Philippines.
(d) Secretary refers to the Secretary of the Department of Social Welfare and Development.
(e) Authorized and accredited agency refers to the State welfare agency or a licensed adoption agency
in the country of the adopting parents which provide comprehensive social services and which is duly
recognized by the Department.
(f) Legally-free child means a child who has been voluntarily or involuntarily committed to the
Department, in accordance with the Child and Youth Welfare Code.
(g) Matching refers to the judicious pairing of the adoptive child and the applicant to promote a
mutually satisfying parent-child relationship.
(h) Board refers to the Inter-country Adoption Board.


Article II. The Inter-Country Adoption Board

Sec. 4. The Inter-Country Adoption Board. There is hereby created the Inter-Country Adoption Board,
hereinafter referred to as the Board to act as the central authority in matters relating to inter-country
adoption. It shall act as the policy-making body for purposes of carrying out the provisions of this Act, in
consultation and coordination with the Department, the different child-care and placement agencies,
adoptive agencies, as well as non-governmental organizations engaged in child-care and placement
activities. As such, it shall:
(a) Protect the Filipino child from abuse, exploitation, trafficking and/or sale or any other practice in
connection with adoption which is harmful, detrimental, or prejudicial to the child;
(b) Collect, maintain, and preserve confidential information about the child and the adoptive parents;
(c) Monitor, follow up, and facilitate completion of adoption of the child through authorized and
accredited agency;
(d) Prevent improper financial or other gain in connection with an adoption and deter improper
practices contrary to this Act;
(e) Promote the development of adoption services including post-legal adoption;
(f) License and accredit child-caring/placement agencies and collaborate with them in the placement of
Filipino children;
(g) Accredit and authorize foreign adoption agency in the placement of Filipino children in their own
country; and
(h) Cancel the license to operate and blacklist the child-caring and placement agency or adoptive agency
involved from the accreditation list of the Board upon a finding of violation of any provision under this
Act.
Sec. 8. Who May be Adopted. Only a legally free child may be the subject of inter-country adoption.
In order that such child may be considered for placement, the following documents must be submitted
to the Board:
(a) Child study;
(b) Birth certificate/foundling certificate;
(c) Deed of voluntary commitment/decree of abandonment/death certificate of parents;
(d) Medical evaluation /history;
(e)Psychological evaluation, as necessary; and
(f) Recent photo of the child.
Sec. 9. Who May Adopt. An alien or a Filipino citizen permanently residing abroad may file an
application for inter-country adoption of a Filipino child if he/she:
(a) is at least twenty-seven (27) years of age and at least sixteen (16) years older than the child to be
adopted, at the time of application unless the adopter is the parent by nature of the child to be adopted
or the spouse of such parent:
(b) if married, his/her spouse must jointly file for the adoption;
(d) has not been convicted of a crime involving moral turpitude;
(e) is eligible to adopt under his/her national law;
(f) is in a position to provide the proper care and support and to give the necessary moral values and
example to all his children, including the child to be adopted;
(g) agrees to uphold the basic rights of the child as embodied under Philippine laws, the U.N. Convention
on the Rights of the Child, and to abide by the rules and regulations issued to implement the provisions
of this Act;
(h) comes from a country with whom the Philippines has diplomatic relations and whose government
maintains a similarly authorized and accredited agency and that adoption is allowed under his/her
national laws; and
(i) possesses all the qualifications and none of the disqualifications provided herein and in other
applicable Philippine laws.
















Republic Act No. 8552

Domestic Adoption Act of 1998
(Promulgated February 25, 1998)
Sec 3. Definition of terms For purposes of this Act, the following terms shall be defined as:
(a) "Child" is a person below eighteen (18) years of age.
(b) "A child legally available for adoption" refers to a child who has been voluntarily or involuntarily
committed to the Department or to a duly licensed and accredited child-placing or child-caring agency,
freed of the parental authority of his/her biological parent(s) or guardian or adopter(s) in case of
rescission of adoption.
(c) "Voluntarily committed child" is one whose parent(s) knowingly and willingly relinquishes parental
authority to the Department.
(d) "Involuntarily committed child" is one whose parent(s), known or unknown, has been permanently
and judicially deprived of parental authority due to abandonment; substantial, continuous, or repeated
neglect; abuse; or incompetence to discharge parental responsibilities.
(e) "Abandoned child" refers to one who has no proper parental care or guardianship or whose
parent(s) has deserted him/her for a period of at least six (6) continuous months and has been judicially
declared as such.
(f) "Supervised trial custody" is a period of time within which a social worker oversees the adjustment
and emotional readiness of both adopter(s) and adoptee in stabilizing their filial relationship.
(g) "Department" refers to the Department of Social Welfare and Development.
(h) "Child-placing agency" is a duly licensed and accredited agency by the Department to provide
comprehensive child welfare services including, but not limited to, receiving applications for adoption,
evaluating the prospective adoptive parents, and preparing the adoption home study.
(i) "Child-caring agency" is a duly licensed and accredited agency by the Department that provides
twenty four (24)-hour residential care services for abandoned, orphaned, neglected, or voluntarily
committed children.
(j) "Simulation of birth" is the tampering of the civil registry making it appear in the birth records that a
certain child was born to a person who is not his/her biological mother, causing such child to lose
his/her true identity and status.
Article III. Eligibilty
Sec. 7. Who May Adopt. The following may adopt:
(a) Any Filipino citizen of legal age, in possession of full civil capacity and legal rights, of good moral
character, has not been convicted of any crime involving moral turpitude, emotionally and
psychologically capable of caring for children, at least sixteen (16) years older than the adoptee, and
who is in a position to support and care for his/her children in keeping with the means of the family. The
requirement of sixteen (16) year difference between the age of the adopter and adoptee may be waived
when the adopter is the biological parent of the adoptee, or is the spouse of the adoptee's parent;
(b) Any alien possessing the same qualifications as above stated for Filipino nationals: Provided, That
his/her country has diplomatic relations with the Republic of the Philippines, that he/she has been living
in the Philippines for at least three (3) continuous years prior to the filing of the application for adoption
and maintains such residence until the adoption decree is entered, that he/she has been certified by
his/her diplomatic or consular office or any appropriate government agency that he/she has the legal
capacity to adopt in his/her country, and that his/her government allows the adoptee to enter his/her
country as his/her adopted son/daughter: Provided, Further, That the requirements on residency and
certification of the alien's qualification to adopt in his/her country may be waived for the following:
(i) a former Filipino citizen who seeks to adopt a relative within the fourth (4th) degree of consanguinity
or affinity; or
(ii) one who seeks to adopt the legitimate son/daughter of his/her Filipino spouse; or
(iii) one who is married to a Filipino citizen and seeks to adopt jointly with his/her spouse a relative
within the fourth (4th) degree of consanguinity or affinity of the Filipino spouse; or
(c) The guardian with respect to the ward after the termination of the guardianship and clearance of
his/her financial accountabilities.
Sec. 8. Who May Be Adopted. The following may be adopted:
(a) Any person below eighteen (18) years of age who has been administratively or judicially declared
available for adoption;
(b) The legitimate son/daughter of one spouse by the other spouse;
(c) An illegitimate son/daughter by a qualified adopter to improve his/her status to that of legitimacy;
(d) A person of legal age if, prior to the adoption, said person has been consistently considered and
treated by the adopter(s) as his/her own child since minority;
(e) A child whose adoption has been previously rescinded; or
(f) A child whose biological or adoptive parent(s) has died: Provided, That no proceedings shall be
initiated within six (6) months from the time of death of said parent(s).


Republic Act No. 9231
December 19, 2003
AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE ELIMINATION OF THE WORST FORMS OF CHILD LABOR AND AFFORDING
STRONGER PROTECTION FOR THE WORKING CHILD, AMENDING FOR THIS PURPOSE REPUBLIC ACTNO.
7610, AS AMENDED, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE "SPECIAL PROTECTION OF CHILDREN AGAINST CHILD
ABUSE, EXPLOITATION AND DISCRIMINATION ACT"
Section 2. Section 12 of the same Act, as amended, is hereby further amended to read as follows:
"Sec. 2. Employment of Children - Children below fifteen (15) years of age shall not be employed except:
1) When a child works directly under the sole responsibility of his/her parents or legal guardian and
where only members of his/her family are employed: Provided, however, That his/her employment
neither endangers his/her life, safety, health, and morals, nor impairs his/her normal development:
Provided, further, That the parent or legal guardian shall provide the said child with the prescribed
primary and/or secondary education; or
2.) Where a child's employment or participation in public entertainment or information through cinema,
theater, radio, television or other forms of media is essential: Provided, That the employment contract is
concluded by the child's parents or legal guardian, with the express agreement of the child concerned, if
possible, and the approval of the Department of Labor and Employment: Provided, further, That the
following requirements in all instances are strictly complied with:
"(a) The employer shall ensure the protection, health, safety, morals and normal development of the
child;
"(b) The employer shall institute measures to prevent the child's exploitation or discrimination taking
into account the system and level of remuneration, and the duration and arrangement of working time;
and
"(c) The employer shall formulate and implement, subject to the approval and supervision of competent
authorities, a continuing program for training and skills acquisition of the child.
"In the above-exceptional cases where any such child may be employed, the employer shall first secure,
before engaging such child, a work permit from the Department of Labor and Employment which shall
ensure observance of the above requirements.
"For purposes of this Article, the term "child" shall apply to all persons under eighteen (18) years of
age."

Sec. 2-A. Hours of Work of a Working Child. - Under the exceptions provided in Section 12 of this Act, as
amended:
"(1) A child below fifteen (15) years of age may be allowed to work for not more than twenty (20) hours
a week: Provided, That the work shall not be more than four (4) hours at any given day;
"(2) A child fifteen (15) years of age but below eighteen (18) shall not be allowed to work for more than
eight (8) hours a day, and in no case beyond forty (40) hours a week;
"(3) No child below fifteen (15) years of age shall be allowed to work between eight o'clock in the
evening and six o'clock in the morning of the following day and no child fifteen (15) years of age but
below eighteen (18) shall be allowed to work between ten o'clock in the evening and six o'clock in the
morning of the following day."

Republic Act No. 9262
March 08, 2004
AN ACT DEFINING VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND THEIR CHILDREN, PROVIDING FOR PROTECTIVE
MEASURES FOR VICTIMS, PRESCRIBING PENALTIES THEREFORE, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
SECTION 3. Definition of Terms.- As used in this Act,
(a) "Violence against women and their children" refers to any act or a series of acts committed by any
person against a woman who is his wife, former wife, or against a woman with whom the person has or
had a sexual or dating relationship, or with whom he has a common child, or against her child whether
legitimate or illegitimate, within or without the family abode, which result in or is likely to result in
physical, sexual, psychological harm or suffering, or economic abuse including threats of such acts,
battery, assault, coercion, harassment or arbitrary deprivation of liberty. It includes, but is not limited
to, the following acts:
A. "Physical Violence" refers to acts that include bodily or physical harm;
B. "Sexual violence" refers to an act which is sexual in nature, committed against a woman or her child.
It includes, but is not limited to:
a) rape, sexual harassment, acts of lasciviousness, treating a woman or her child as a sex object,
making demeaning and sexually suggestive remarks, physically attacking the sexual parts of the
victim's body, forcing her/him to watch obscene publications and indecent shows or forcing the
woman or her child to do indecent acts and/or make films thereof, forcing the wife and
mistress/lover to live in the conjugal home or sleep together in the same room with the abuser;
b) acts causing or attempting to cause the victim to engage in any sexual activity by force, threat
of force, physical or other harm or threat of physical or other harm or coercion;
c) Prostituting the woman or child.
C. "Psychological violence" refers to acts or omissions causing or likely to cause mental or emotional
suffering of the victim such as but not limited to intimidation, harassment, stalking, damage to property,
public ridicule or humiliation, repeated verbal abuse and mental infidelity. It includes causing or allowing
the victim to witness the physical, sexual or psychological abuse of a member of the family to which the
victim belongs, or to witness pornography in any form or to witness abusive injury to pets or to unlawful
or unwanted deprivation of the right to custody and/or visitation of common children.
D. "Economic abuse" refers to acts that make or attempt to make a woman financially dependent which
includes, but is not limited to the following:
1. withdrawal of financial support or preventing the victim from engaging in any legitimate
profession, occupation, business or activity, except in cases wherein the other spouse/partner
objects on valid, serious and moral grounds as defined in Article 73 of the Family Code;
2. deprivation or threat of deprivation of financial resources and the right to the use and
enjoyment of the conjugal, community or property owned in common;
3. destroying household property;
4. controlling the victims' own money or properties or solely controlling the conjugal money or
properties.
(b) "Battery" refers to an act of inflicting physical harm upon the woman or her child resulting to the
physical and psychological or emotional distress.
(c) "Battered Woman Syndrome" refers to a scientifically defined pattern of psychological and behavioral
symptoms found in women living in battering relationships as a result of cumulative abuse.
(d) "Stalking" refers to an intentional act committed by a person who, knowingly and without lawful
justification follows the woman or her child or places the woman or her child under surveillance directly
or indirectly or a combination thereof.
(e) "Dating relationship" refers to a situation wherein the parties live as husband and wife without the
benefit of marriage or are romantically involved over time and on a continuing basis during the course
of the relationship. A casual acquaintance or ordinary socialization between two individuals in a business
or social context is not a dating relationship.
(f) "Sexual relations" refers to a single sexual act which may or may not result in the bearing of a
common child.

SECTION 5. Acts of Violence Against Women and Their Children.- The crime of violence against women
and their children is committed through any of the following acts:
(a) Causing physical harm to the woman or her child;
(b) Threatening to cause the woman or her child physical harm;
(c) Attempting to cause the woman or her child physical harm;
(d) Placing the woman or her child in fear of imminent physical harm;
(e) Inflicting or threatening to inflict physical harm on oneself for the purpose of controlling her
actions or decisions;
(f) Causing or attempting to cause the woman or her child to engage in any sexual activity which
does not constitute rape, by force or threat of force, physical harm, or through intimidation
directed against the woman or her child or her/his immediate family;
(g) Engaging in purposeful, knowing, or reckless conduct, personally or through another, that
alarms or causes substantial emotional or psychological distress to the woman or her child. This
shall include, but not be limited to, the following acts:
(1) Stalking or following the woman or her child in public or private places;
(2) Peering in the window or lingering outside the residence of the woman or her child;
(3) Entering or remaining in the dwelling or on the property of the woman or her child
against her/his will;
(4) Destroying the property and personal belongings or inflicting harm to animals or pets
of the woman or her child; and
(5) Engaging in any form of harassment or violence;
(h) Causing mental or emotional anguish, public ridicule or humiliation to the woman or her
child, including, but not limited to, repeated verbal and emotional abuse, and denial of financial
support or custody of minor children of access to the woman's child/children.