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The Seminole Indians of Florida

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Title: The Seminole Indians of Florida


Fifth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the
Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1883-84,
Government Printing Office, Washington, 1887, pages 469-532

Author: Clay MacCauley

Release Date: September 1, 2006 [EBook #19155]

Language: English

Character set encoding: UTF-8

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469

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION—BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION—BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY. 1


The Seminole Indians of Florida

THE SEMINOLE INDIANS OF FLORIDA.

BY

CLAY MacCAULEY.

471

CONTENTS.

Page.
Letter of transmittal 475
Introduction 477
CHAPTER I.
Personal characteristics 481
Physical characteristics 481
Physique of the men 481
Physique of the women 482
Clothing 482
Costume of the men 483
Costume of the women 485
Personal adornment 486
Hairdressing 466
Ornamentation of clothing 487
Use of beads 487
Silver disks 488
Ear rings 488
Finger rings 489
Silver vs. gold 489
Crescents 489
Me-le 489
Psychical characteristics 490
Ko-nip-ha-tco 492
Intellectual ability 493
CHAPTER II.
Seminole society 495
The Seminole family 495
Courtship 496
Marriage 496
Divorce 498
Childbirth 497

THE SEMINOLE INDIANS OF FLORIDA. 2


The Seminole Indians of Florida

Infancy 497
Childhood 498
Seminole dwellings—I-ful-lo-ha-tcoâ——s house499
Home life 503
Food 504
Camp fire 505
Manner of eating 505
Amusements 506
The Seminole gens 507
Fellowhood 508
472 The Seminole tribe 508
Tribal organization 508
Seat of government 508
Tribal officers 509
Name of tribe 509
CHAPTER III.
Seminole tribal life 510
Industries 510
Agriculture 510
Soil 510
Corn 510
Sugar cane 511
Hunting 512
Fishing 513
Stock raising 513
Koonti 513
Industrial statistics 516
Arts 516
Industrial arts 516
Utensils and implements 516
Weapons 516
Weaving and basket making 517
Uses of the palmetto 517
Mortar and pestle 517
Canoe making 517
Fire making 518
Preparation of skins 518
Ornamental arts 518
Music 519
Religion 519
Mortuary customs 520
Green Corn Dance 522

CONTENTS. 3
The Seminole Indians of Florida

Use of Medicines 523


General observations 523
Standard of value 523
Divisions of time 524
Numeration 525
Sense of color 525
Education 526
Slavery 526
Health 526
CHAPTER IV.
Environment of the Seminole 527
Nature 527
Man 529

473

ILLUSTRATIONS

Plate XIX. Seminole dwelling 500


Fig. 60. Map of Florida 477
61. Seminole costume 483
62. Key West Billy 484
63. Seminole costume 485
64. Manner of wearing the hair 486
65. Manner of piercing the ear 488
66. Baby cradle or hammock 497
67. Temporary dwelling 502
68. Sugar cane crusher 511
69. Koonti log 514
70. Koonti pestles 514
71. Koonti mash vessel 514
72. Koonti strainer 515
73. Mortar and pestle 517
74. Hide stretcher 518
75. Seminole bier 510
76. Seminole grave 521
77. Green Corn Dance 523

475

ILLUSTRATIONS 4
The Seminole Indians of Florida

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

those
In
this
Sir:
to
months
embody
On
should.
also
the
language
commonest
sometimes
of
Iconcerning
enlarged
command
have
elaboration
traditions
what
investigation
have
ascertain
conclusion,
aIndian
476account
report,
During
subject
knowledge
to
endeavored
been
is
At
who
particular,
secured,
the
distinctive
Owing
of
the
the
upon
and
English
and
will
able
country.
January,
make
absence
misunderstood,
itthis
among
the
of
that
things.
result
beginning
will
than
without
modes
causes
Itheir
allow;
to
winter
Inumber
little-known
of
hope
would
man
think,
to
Ithe
still
gain
conversation.
as
of
the
in
owe
them
of
IOn
February,
present
manners
was
amy
the
of
ignorance
that,
their
but
beyond
routes
an
be
Seminole
of
completed
little
of
arriving
well
athe
of
thinking,
of
work
life
interpreter
correct
1880-â——81
found
compelled,
under
my
the
notwithstanding
peculiar
speech
extensive
the
amore
reward
remnant
of
and
faithful
visit
my
and
Indians
in
system
travel
athere,
to
the
prevailing
To
language
census
customs,
the
people.
control
of
than
result.
March
add
Ifor
him
study.
disadvantageous
thorough
able
found
their
following
therefore,
Seminole
portraiture
of
in
Iwhat
commonly
something
aof
Indians,
found
Iof
aISouthern
superficial
to
in
For
the
am
gentes,
religious
visited
once
which
but
the
as
even
the
secure
Ianpaper
indebted
have
these
study,
individuals
myself
one
Florida
endeavor
unfortunate
to
powerful
report.
vocabulary
in
of
IFlorida,
of
to
known
rely
Florida,
verify
gradually
me
here
Seminole
Florida
beliefs
reasons
does
their
and
their
it
our
circumstances
obliged
intelligible
may
Seminole
for
upon
placed
partial
knowledge
not
appearance
to
and
people.
as
forms
and
commissioned
aand
much
of
be
accomplish
delays
now
Ilarge
the
observation
treat
acquired
with
submit
increase
the
to
as
found
practices,
on
knowledge
Seminole
and
go
ain
by
of
locations
part
of
interviews
record.
whom
society,
which
possession
among
my
name,
to
of
methods
these
this
and
toenabled
the
of
which
this
possess
this
time
and
the
report
and
Iby
personal
have
But
information
then
Indians
could
sex,
as
of
the
Indian
purpose.
Minneapolis,
you
material
at
upon
with
of
allusion
much
their
the
while
me,
of
Indians
occurred
in
age,
first
more
value
government,
many
to
hold
the
homes
that
tribe
them
as
characteristics,
very
in
social
inquire
as
was
gens,
the
fully
Bureau
Ias
my
here
as
even
State.
has
other
the
Ihave
ignorant
not
simple,
had
except
report
ain
consumed
aof
intercourse
organization,
Minn.,
guide
and
already
material
record
as
collected.
the
into
the
without
the
things
received
Iof
Iof
spent
place
publication
had
is
semblance
in
Seminole
the
Ethnology.
honor
of
perhaps
for
their
only
June
of
respect
been
and
their
intended
manifesting
at
condition
in
future
value
part
of
facts
To
with
from
tribal
my
reaching
ato
have
24,1884.
living.
of
made,
sketch
him,
ofand
to
the
other
of
of
him.
the
The
the
itan
in
and
I
Very respectfully,
CLAY MacCAULEY.
Maj. J. W. Powell,

Director Bureau of Ethnology.

477

SEMINOLE INDIANS OF FLORIDA.

By Clay MacCauley.

INTRODUCTION.

Fig. 60. Map of Florida.


There
They
separated
them,
Creek
The
Big
County,
was,
the
stream
Lake
and
apart,
miles.
milewest
Rosalie,
Cypress
first,
to
during
Okeechobee;
constituted
in
Iwere
settlement;
The
running
two
have
on
an
into
in
groups
camps
the
otherwise
in
or
the
Monroe
Swamp,
towards
named,
Lake
Florida,
more
Little
southward,
great
thirty-seven
or
of
(4)
Okeechobee,
and
settlements.
miles.
County,
which
Miami
the
Seminole
from
Cow
almost
478October
the
headwaters
(1)
Creek
fifteen
In
fifth,
at
each
River,
The
uninhabited
in
atabular
families,
point
1,
war,
what
probably
These
on
settlement
settlement;
Big
1880,
tonot
aFort
twenty
of
about
form
is
small
Cypress
living
settlements,
far
the
called
ofDallas;
region,
five
from
the
Kissimmee
fifteen
lake
ismiles
and
in
composed
the
population
miles
Swamp
Indians
twenty-two
Biscayne
inthe
(5)
which
â——Devilâ——s
southwest
miles
Polk
from
from
third,
Cat
commonly
settlement;
River.
County,
isnortheast
lie
Fish
the
of
Bay,
its
in
inat
camps,
the
most
of
area
mouth;
Manatee
Lake
The
distances
and
Lake
settlements
lying
about
known
(2)
prominent
of
settlements
about
settlement.
which
the
the
Okeechobee;
Garden,â——
Miami
County,
nearly
sixty
from
fourth,
entrance
as
ten
were
appears
Seminole,
River
natural
miles
midway
by
one
are
Their
on
in
gathered
one
another
of
from
aBrevard
the
settlement;
north
creek
on
as
the
features
hundred
locations
between
second,
two
follows:
the
forty
Kissimmee
into
of
varying
which
northwestern
County,
hundred
the
to
connected
and
five
in
are,
(3)
lakes
seventy
site
empties
Dade
eighty
from
widely
Fish
severally:
on
of
and
River
Pierce
what
aEating
amiles
with
eight.
edge
from
half
intoof the
Settlements C Population.
a Divided according to age and sex. Résumé T
m
Below 5 to 10 10 to 15 to 20 to 60 Over by sex. o
p
t
s. 5 years. 15 20 years. 60
a

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 5
The Seminole Indians of Florida

years. years. years. years. l


No. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. s.
1. Big Cypress 10 4 5 a2 2 10 4 9 2 15 b15 2 3 42 31 73
2. Miami River 5 5 4 4 4 5 3 7 5 10 13 1 2 32 31 63
3. Fish Eating
Creek 4 a1 1 — 2 a2 — 3 1 a5 ab10 4 3 15 17 32
4. Cow Creek 1 2 1 — — 1 — — 1 4 3 — — 7 5 12
5. Cat Fish Lake 2 — 2 3 2 4 1 4 1 a4 ab5 1 1 16 12 28
12 13 9 10 22 8 23 10 38 46 8 9 112 96 208
Totals {
22 25 19 30 33 84 17 208
a One mixed blood. b One black.
Or, for the whole tribe—
Males under 10 years of age 21
Males between 10 and 20 years of age 45
Males between 20 and 60 years of age 38
Males over 60 years of age 8
—— 112
Females under 10 years of age 23
Females between 10 and 20 years of age 18
Females between 20 and 60 years of age 46
Females over 60 years of age 9
—— 96
——
208
There
checked
numbers
devastating
epidemic
climate
much
â——spreesâ——
infrequent
notoriety.
Seminole
death
children
personal
fact
States
popularly
mortality
twenty
there
present,
wives
producing
The
or,
males
are
duogamous,
54
in
only
479 For
setting
that
statement
the
sex.
In
is
are
boys
married
of
clothing
is
Government
for
settlements.
and
over
an
ain
be
this
therefore,
no
the
there
by
of
wives
are
107
polygamous
afflicted
has
At
awoman
the
supposed.
The
480which
abundance
to
more
between
guessed
aside
Indian
sixty
fact
reason
the
diseases.
Indian
table
females
not
present
warrant
persons,
occurred,
men
habits
life,
are
marriage
white
or
Iof
non-birth
the
had
affected
men
the
years
these
shelter.
at
it
is
the
fathers
there
some
them.
over
why
in
It
mother
at.
waged
more
five
will
other
apparently
present
As
12
from
there
half-breed
of
will
But
which
us
than
38
of
society,
or
ItIndians
of16.
certainly
twenty
boys
the
it
generally
are
and
in
be
facts
is
men.
food,
Besides,
more
by
of
noteworthy,
They
once
age,
also
by
than
is,
some
are,
women.
on
classing
at
beyond
This
noticed
tribe
38
females.
but
they
the
twenty
negresses
there
who
the
upon
these
Notice,
the
be
both
under
this
than
during
live
virtuous
men
years
are
conduce
does
208
attacks
cattlemen
excess
should
among
hands
indulge
observed
at
larger
prevails
are
are
not
excess
question,
What
is
that
which
Indians
animal
them
half
and
years
all
Seminole
not
twenty
of
The
warm
under
the
from
however,
now
what
who
the
appears
of
and
age,
the
not
46
the
to
number
exist
bearing
when
as
Seminole
last
of
in
it
her
wild
in
as
that
an
and
settlements
but
women;
total
its
there
increase,
and
modest.
whole
intemperate.
five
have
adults,
may
would
years
there
the
age
however,
mid-Florida
atwenty
increase
own
among
in
relation
tribal
17
vegetable,
they
between
animals
in
the
equable
number
population
years
are
and
Florida
be
were
this
been
are
persons
of
each
population.
people.
be
during
have
manner
or,
interesting
make
less
The
custom,
age,
31
and
years,
the
peculiarity
38
called
of
that
by
adopted
to
in
except
if
of
or
girls
twenty
throughout
of
than
is
men
birth
not
Their
age,
Florida
the
numbers.
increase
I66
no
easily
the
their
of
noxious
The
the
have
that
the
as
consists
inintemperate,
boys,
been
means
future
the
women
under
at
forty
and
there
settlements,
last
the
of
which
far
tribe
The
male
sexual
into
to
only
visits
at
and
least
thus
obtained
tribe
will
aSeminole,
northernmost,
speculate.
as
the
56
at
twenty
rapidly,
white
and,
reptiles.
years
population
The
are,
fifteen
of
the
is
so
sixty
the
of
sex
persons
Iwar
at
above
women.
found
the
have
to
close
over
could
morality
increasing
the
many
112
the
tribe.
under
only
year.
as
the
certainly
children
half-breed
for
old;
years
years.
nor
and
tribe,
excepting
future
if
years
upon
sixty
Miami
of
males
true,
They
white
fifteen
and
learn,
more
the
of
explanation
Thus
They
and
are
Now,
fifteen
easily
the
tables
is
of
mixed
them
since
nowhere
Of
the
growth
years
of
namely,
in
possible
they
are
aof
last
presents
under
manâ——s
and
the
age,
than
River
has
years
health,
consequently
matter
age—an
the
numbers,
would
almost
future
one
these
prepared
that
of
not
years
left
polygamous,
manner
war
96
licentious.
breed
anything
of
or
84
twenty
the
twenty
in
at
and
of
subject
Iage,
of
could
in
females,
that
the
husbands
people
which
persons
of
climate,
can
aof
be
numbers
Cat
of
all
Florida
age
the
Fish
excess
puzzling
among
the
common
ordinary
these
and
followed
age,
the
above
and
settlements
for
these
suggest
years.
Fish
IState
are
years
like
Cat
to
Eating
learn
do
the
The
Seminole
are
eating.
increasing
no
an
but
between
food,
or
Indians
included
of
Lake,
and
be
them
not
56
an
described.
Fish
United
separated
as
Their
unusual
excess
of
problem.
certainly
23
31
range
that
of
not
by
women
is
need
Creek,
wives,
age
and
The
boys.
girls;
the
Lake
are
the
the
can
are
of
as
intoo
481

CHAPTER I.

PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS.
It will
and
individual
which,
distinguishing
the better
forms
next
be
weas
convenient
to
of
as
call
members
look
the
a psychical
personal,
member
social
at him
for
oflife
of
aas
me
or
qualities.
society.
society;
of
he
his
tohis
isdescribe
own,
in
tribe.
IAs
nevertheless,
his
know
whencesoever
such
relations
theitIFlorida
iswill
impossible
with
there
first
derived,
Seminole
his
attempt
is fellows:
the
to having
man
separate,
as
to they
describe
in
as athe
wepresent
certain
really,
family,
seethehim,
physique
the
themselves,
Seminole.
inhaving
individual
the community,
and
Then
certain
first
certain,
as we
such
ascharacteristics
individuals,
shall
orfrom
inbe
any
the
able
of
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS.

PHYSIQUE OF THE MEN.


Physically
and
constitutional
the
tribe
preserved
Today
feet
erect;
are
squareness,
under
is
disclosing,
sense
manipulate
among
their
Indiansâ——
only
cracked,
have
protuberant
especially
superiority
twelve
footsteps
across
had
away,
these
exceptionally
slightly
large,
whole
symmetry
borne
inreal
is
toes.
only
are
of
their
aand
his
height,
their
years
all
composed.
large
having
and
few;
deformity
for
and
through
tribe,
narrow
shoulders,
aquiline
Ifor
are
the
returned.
both
bearing
when
is
the
attribute
amet
about
men
old,
aseamed
forehead
seen.
widened
miles.
and
powerful.
their
the
ability
men
with
so
of
dayâ——s
muscles
men
extraordinary
they
would
might
few
they
development,
shouldered
large
shells
that
them,
aThese
and
of
foreheads
To
alimbs
IThere
long
The
this
and
are
sign
in
to
skin
noticed
that,
the
they
illustrate,
and
are
furnish
sensitively
calves
be
addition
endure
of
482for
form
particularly
exceptional
same
women
are
and
Tiger
in
of
which
hunt.
taken
deep
disregarding
are,
their
smile,
protruding
hunt
nails,
good
self-confident
the
ain
full
tragic
the
ability
of
heavy
boy,
proof
as
they
and
the
After
bodies.
set,
as
to
barefoot
Tiger
one
covers
their
are
toe-tips.
Iand
beautiful
proportion;
these
formed
rifle
have
types
Seminole
Otter
the
in
bright,
past
excel.
remarkable.
characteristic
of
morning
to
development
â——Kentuckyâ——
tramping
marked.
legs,
under-jawbone
one
and
regularity
lying
this
Under
them,
endure
and
the
said,
with
of
gentes,
over
But,
about
While
day,
Otter
power;
black
regular
the
soles
physical
statement.
accouterments,
sunken
physique,
their
exceptional
exceptions
we
Ko-i-ha-tcoâ——s
my
their
An
size
and
regarded
all
went
the
clans,
are
eyes,
of
The
these
may
and
almost
touch
day,
their
to
of
hands
teeth;
to
of
wide
their
nostrils;
excellence.
admirable.
with
across
the
the
giving
men,
achieve.
agreeableness
the
pronounce
The
small,
qualities
which,
at
namely,
movements
these
as
fact
to
and
feet.
two
domain.
universal
sunset
freedom
tendons
some
Tigers
aas
this
athe
rifle,
this
the
whole,
the
that
deer
feet
but
most
aThe
were
proud
Two
middles
rule,
rule
older
Even
distinguish,
the
The
lips
he
whole
effect
expressive
left
son,
the
they
well
The
are
of
weighing
feet
from
widely
characteristic
reappeared
more
deliberate,
of
diminutive
of
in
are
of
attract
physique
their
Seminole
our
friends
among
dark,
Tin-fai-yai-ki,
same
are
the
shaped
their
being
unusual
their
to
their
face
of
admixture
mobile,
camp,
like
it.
not
lower
warriors
spread
the
copper-colored
attention
physique
causes,
perhaps
with
is
features.
of
Of
lines
otherwise
the
to
rubber
what
and
tough
of
expressive
persistent,
in
inquiry
men
physical
toe-nails,
other
his
and
limbs,
sensuous,
children
of
every
aof
the
of
not
with
few
permitted
permanent
we
the
perhaps,
followed
handsome
the
fifty
cushions
descent,
athan
by
camp,
features,
In
the
very
tall,
and
would
and
well
exceptions,
Tiger
Tigerâ——s
families
degrading
their
muscular
size
and
Seminole
pounds,
this
of
strong.
flesh.
and
slender
vigilance;
fellows,
large;
the
carrying
formed,
the
and
account
height,
me
have
warrior
for
in
physical
call
of
home,
Iand
not
strength
Noticeable
noticed
his
manâ——s
of
flesh,
strength,
the
to
Their
their
power
aâ——horse
blood.
been
boy,
very
which
the
warriors,
fatherâ——s
weight
over
face
heavy,
the
fullness
slung
20
for
the
which,
stature
men
heads
not
of
full,
that
miles
toes
and
six
the
nose
isthe
but
he
quite
its
of long
PHYSIQUE OF THE WOMEN.
Theawell
though,
As
and
Indeed,
would
contradiction,
Indians,
women
rule,
even
the
curiously
Ideveloped
am
they
only
venture
toconfident
present
aexhibit
large
Indian
enough,
bodies,
toas
extent
great
select
women
that
types
many,
and
the
bodily
share
from
respectively
ISeminole
they
have
perhaps
among
the
vigor.
show
seen
qualities
Large
women
athese
themselves
of
with
majority,
a of
Indians
handsome,
or
attractive
are
the
small,
are
of
men.
capable
three
the
rather
they
features
aSome
first
pretty,
persons
possess
of
under
rank.
long
are
and
and
proportionally
whom
than
continued
regular
forms
a comely
over
I are
could,
and
the
and
among
woman.
agreeable
average
tall
without
severe
and
theAmong
height
physical
Seminole.
handsome,
features,
muchofAmerican
fear
exertion.
women.
shapely
Iof
CLOTHING.
But how
needs
fabrics
some
white
light woolen
materials
traderâ——s
and
manufactured
issuitable
this
blankets,
prepared
people
tostore,
the
by
and
clothed?
the
by
life
they
sometimes,
themselves,
white
hebuy
While
leads.
man:
small
The
the
lately,
calico,
as
woolen
clothing
materials
deer
though
cotton
and
shawls,
ofother
of
very
the
cloth,
which
brilliantly
Seminole
skins.
seldom,
ginghams,
theOfclothing
shoes.
colored
is
ready
simple
and
made
iscotton
sometimes
made
andarticles
scanty,
handkerchiefs,
are now
flannels.
for
it is
wear
chiefly
ample
They
found
nowforalso
483 and
in
histhe
use
then
COSTUME OF THE MEN.

INTRODUCTION. 6
The Seminole Indians of Florida

Fig. 61. Seminole costume.


The
very
of
narrow,
buttoned
pocketless.
or
things
inches
wealth
these
trinkets.
Having
handkerchief
their
possession
carries
camps
that
todress,
some
more
turban
shawls
are
its
perhaps
484to
this
costume
they
rarely,
knotted
convenient
successively,
manâ——s
wearer
for
go
turban.
The
in
and
generally
whatever
in
shawl
no
rolling
pouches,
he
figured
curious
He
(I
about
length.
this
bareheaded.
are
in
use
wound
pockets,
and
sometimes
say
has
next
Amoccasins.
showed
7everyday
ends
of
about
is
belt
respect
much
inches
in
The
â——thoseâ——
discovered
the
number
collar
the
tucked
article
or
turban
hunting
money
Iwoolen
receptacles
in
head.
into
of
pendant
questioned
structure
striped
wrists.
wrapped
3his
Seminole
the
of
which
little
leather
thick
inches
of
being
life,
At
on
seven
his
of
neck.
skillfully
is
Seminole
On
he
Ihe
the
are
and
examined
the
interest
the
The
unique
cotton
is
and
that
but
over
powder,
obtains
but
closely
white
when
or
wide
carried.
tightly
could
quite
concentric
copied
northern
Ihunt.
customary
manâ——s
warrior
one
on
garment
3the
one
buckskin
have
his
in
and
cloth,
because
in
is
dress
appearance.
and
of
manâ——s
finished
proud.
folds
While
be
from
Indian
width.
breast;
buttoned
one
bullets,
around
obliged
my
in
seen
From
the
firmly
at
placed,
as
camps,
figure
generally
or
opens
of
proposed
rings.
home
of
Indians
covering
time
usually
long
ordinary
Having
as
hunting,
the
festival
This
in
these
as
the
looks
his
the
pocket
to
away,
many
camp
about
atobacco
and
to
and
aas
in
garments,
At
It
consists
belt
submit
turban
head,
rule,
head-dress,
kerchief
time
turbans
about
was
engirdles
front
the
like
frequently
present
of
no
improvement
for
color
to
occasions,
as
costume
without
however,
hang
did
knife,
the
quiet
they
diagonal
what
pockets,
over
the
six,
in
the
amay
habit
to
for
having
Ineck,
of
section
from
asee
also
and
bound
several
and
top
head
it
are
aeven
knotted
acolors.
20
straits
the
be
the
piece
is
shirt,
at
few
iscarry
more
of
it
found
the
tried
bright
one
inches
at
put
made
the
of
by
no
manâ——s
of
seems
use
eight,
of
the
about
both
on
inches,
inconveniences;
the
narrow
he
plaid
no
of
athe
It
pockets
or
Seminole,
to
southern
turban.
acorner
their
than
to
of
neckerchief,
his
head
itdecorated
hangs
red
of
was
flint,
more
afabric.
means
in
show
the
Seminole
handkerchiefs
apins,
to
the
pocketâ——s
one
of
dress.
diameter,
this;
rather
pipes
and
downward
be
put
wristbands
remaining
northern
of
some
aThis
head
in
hunting
from
waist,
him
or
settlements,
somewhere
the
small
universal
They
one
yellow
on
his
only
toand
more
firm
cylinder
is
general
frequently
carry
many,
brave.
Scotch
how,
the
shirt,
aor
aand
the
are
quantity
for
here
other
turban,
and
knives,
piece
remarkable
more
from
neck
small
bare;
things,
tied
of
uses.
his
shell
then,
instance,
on
from
among
pointing
less.
Having
the
and
the
crowded
clan.
custom,
in
articles
ishis
pipe,
around
the
of
to
the
ashawls.
the
southern
takes
regularly
Those
of
each
roomy
one
there,
it
of
The
breech
work,
the
his
shirt,
collar,
They
last
the
are
paper,
many
whose
money,
no
he
structure
out
or
handkerchiefs.
knees,
in
nearly
for
shirt
the
his
down
red
suspended
cylinder
who
end
one
pockets
wears
as
more
These
made
sleeves
their
are
to
cloth,
the
settlements,
and
place
folds
worn
throat,
and
on
men
is
him
of
excepted,
so
use
the
and
10
upon
warriors
made
turbans.
of
mine,
is
of
the
his
like
and
shawls
folded
and,
of
in
being
the
tobacco
them
several
last
one
the
Florida)
his
gives

COSTUME OF THE MEN. 7


The Seminole Indians of Florida

Fig. 62. Key West Billy.


When
scanty
In
among
acalled
remained
white
him.
pair
striped
to
what
even
Occasionally,
about
extra
canoe
lace
theof
The
the
changes
protection
manâ——s
the
camps
the
by
camp
leggins
high
his
braid.
out
owner
materials
the
shoulders.
for
Seminole
people,
of
about
dress
Isome
white
The
are
in
the
saw
made
of
against
their
going
town
moccasins,
Everglades
the
aleggins
and
but
time.
of
men
pair
warrior
Oftener
ofcool
which
lower
is
one
aand
mild
on
â——Key
of
The
objectionably
bright
and
weather,
among
Indian
frontier
remain
makes
part
the
acoolness
act
also,
and
piece
moccasins.
red
leggins
of
itself
along
wearing
the
are
his
West
there
store
the
flannel,
aofsmall
Seminole,
in
was
rare
made
calico
leg,
favorable
of
the
their
boots.
Billy,â——
forleggins
the
so
visits
the
shawl,
and
line
any
ofor
extraordinary,
winters.
Seminole
lacing
buckskin,
The
ornamented
white
of
length
Ito
tomay
(Fig.
of
keys
the
the
blanket
having
the
running
cotton
mention
white
of
white
62);
south
are
kind
of
time,
is
usually
either
along
and
received
he,
cloth,
manâ——s
man
from
made
of
not
that
however,
itthe
often
the
awas
and
gathered
below
made
to
ayellow
Florida
this
commemorative
few
outer
do
the
so
worn
settlements,
service
name
unusual
is
the
of
white
or
seams
buckskin.
mainland
in
about
them
by
instep
dark
every
because
the
manâ——s
infor
possess
with
the
red
the
Florida
upward.
way
he
ato
neck,
Iname
color.
Seminole
turban,
asaw,
he
frequently
Key
blue
ashoes,
once
peculiar
Indians.
becomes
ways.
was
however,
As
West,
They
and
isshowing
made
bestowed
and
thrown
towhite
are
adds
where
character
enter
485He
one
the
aone
made
voyage
cross
to
isaishe
upon
his in
COSTUME OF THE WOMEN.

COSTUME OF THE WOMEN. 8


The Seminole Indians of Florida

Fig. 63. Seminole costume.


The
garments,
is
the
taken
use,
noticeably
garment
constantly
done
was
breasts.
ground.
fastened
appearance.
body
women
used
that.
Girls
shirt.
weather
cut
wrists.
acostume
by
(Fig.
about
because
is
from
Younger
quite
off
perpetually
the
left
never
Gathered
This
or
they
isover
one
63.)
The
engaged
modest,
seven
when
often
the
women,
low
uncovered
This
is
of
might
awear
the
of
shoulders
children
garment
usually
strangerâ——s
at
the
drawn
taken
which,
to
is
about
renewed
head.
the
yet
them.
especially
women
in
ten
of
free
neck
what
this
between
it
by
made
years
so
are,
the
is
The
for
themselves
does
in
For
their
otherwise
tightly
much
and
waist
is
cool
our
as
lack
486conservatism
old
of
head
hardly
not
noticeable
aeyes
parents
is
it
street
effort
some
rule,
weather,
of
abbreviated
are
is
and
about
just
seem
wear
athe
from
were
buttonless,
clothed
more
better
entirely
boys
the
on
long
dark
on
other
to
the
the
their
because
skirt.
frequent
and
upon
have
aof
complex
would
colored
enough
waist
English
journey
women
with
the
covering
garment,
naked.
which
part
Ithem;
occurred
being
saw
Seminole
that
the
only
call
embarrassment.
to
calico
word,
than
have
to
at
If
no
lengthen
shirt
cover
but
itâ——pulling
wide
for
the
the
atimes
clothed
gives
woman
petticoat,
that
to
nothing,
Ior
the
Iskirt,
is
homes
Indian
noticed
them
name
enough
the
gingham.
so
is
of
to
upper
by
at
thrown
breasts.
short
the
extending
that
wearing
that
aanytime,
of
isunless
and
that
In
pull
short
men.
at
down
part
shown
the
part
that
by
going
the
The
boys
or
in
Its
the
palefaces.
of
making
moccasins,
shirt,
It
of
the
aneck
drawn
rising
their
to
sleeves
cord
itspace
their
in
consists,
scanty
the
about
cotton
is
the
nothing
the
for
only
vests.â——
body
by
or
bodies.
over
feet
aof
their
the
other
are
slight
covering
itin
which
cloth,
two
during
apparently,
and
to
and
asitting
the
same
more
buttoned
rather
be
work
aThe
or
change
Ioften
head,
the
long
or
easily
was
more
exceptionally
This
age
clearly
hanging
down,
women
small
they
uncomfortable
petticoat
told
skirt.
touching
may
close
wear
of
in
put
may
inches
were
shawl,
but
their
or
than
that
be
on
over
The
are
only
about
have
atis
two
called
or
the
on
in
upper
work,
the
shirt
cool
their
athe
been
the it
PERSONAL ADORNMENT.
The love of personal adornment shows itself among the Seminole as among other human beings.

Fig. 64. Manner of wearing the hair.

PERSONAL ADORNMENT. 9
The Seminole Indians of Florida

HAIR DRESSING.
allgathered
temple
the
queues.
however,
bold
of
brilliant
an
indeed,
The
is
woman,
and
front
â——banged.â——
negress,
dangling,
Among
hair
the
ancient
their
ear.
sharp
coarse,
women
upon
looking
hair
head
men,
to
of
The
the
Ihair
wool
the
had
did
that
hangs
temple,
snaky
the
at
the
battle
up
to
little
Ibrilliant,
Indian
long
dress
the
close
disposed
combination
recall
not
heads
was
the
whole
and
apex.
down
plaits,
club.
Indian
learn
hair
moustache
nape
and
their
to
twisted
bound,
womanâ——s
the
of
The
person,
the
black
of
another
A
of
For
over
our
that
hanging
comical
of
hair
girls
the
piece
head,
her
only
the
just
of
into
some
school
these
hair
the
more
strip
long
in
the
moustache
isneck.
exception
strip,
above
of
except
many
forehead
commonly
the
appearance
down
of
reason
hair
Indians
bright
crossing
simply
children.
crisp
hair
which
northern
At
ofthe
little
isaover
each
about
being
tresses.
simply
strip
there
ribbon
and
to
and
neck,
are
than
they
sharp
to
worn
her
this
of
temple
than
in
imperial.
about
along
the
wrought
seems
the
are
ainto
black
braided
is
the
Hers
style
small
cones,
among
same
neck
in
commonly
men.
possessors
an
habit
the
athe
to
was
of
face
knot
heavy
inch
more
is
negro
As
width,
be
cheeks
into
From
which
southern
hair
them
generally
of
aaand
an
somewhat
wide,
veritable
plucking
much
atuft
into
dressing
half
exception
used
is
perpendicular
aqueue
and
shoulders
stuck
inline
taken
isthe
camps.
front
breed
running
greater
that
at
allowed
gathered
crossing
shape
and
out
Medusa
the
the
Ilike
care
aof
saw
to
atover
few
end
gave
tied
hair
the
neglect
that
over
the
of
to
was
and
to
as
of
the
with
ears,
head.
from
in
his
aBig
hang
uniform
her
often
the
cone,
athem
the
an
braided
head
head
finish
of
aCypress
abeing
former,
front
their
odd
to
A
most
manner
ribbon,
made
the
sometimes
are
score
the
from
like
style
manner.
to
care
faces.
of
into
what
endowed
repulsive
bottom
by
the
crossing
Swamp.
so
the
ear
or
as
in
of
of
two
the
many
structure.
we
which
more
Iscalp
cutting
to
the
noticed,
The
quite
civilized
of
ornamental
call
ear
often
with
appearance.
hair,
the
spikes
the
of
from
men
Ci-ha-ne,
487the
the
elongated
crown
lobe
asee
The
and,
His
hair
rather
cut
hair
on
the
of a
ORNAMENTATION OF CLOTHING.
Themany
various
upper
as
sharp
ornamented
ornamenting
embroider
shaped
men clothing
are
angle
parts
figures,
colors
made
asalong
five
of
between
with
the
ofthe
pleasing
are
which
both
ofshirt
this
braids
shirts
used
these
the
men
edge,
are
isand
to
of
or
braids
shoulders.
often
also
and
the
the
stripes,
with
wrought
eye.
women
used
an
women
lie
their
elaborate
side
Ihangs
Occasionally
in
saw
upon
braids
decorating
is
are
byno
ordinarily
just
side,
usually
the
decoration
ornamentation
and
over
garments
parallel
the
athe
embroidered
the
very
more
narrow
skirt
shoulders
towith
into
narrow
or
the
above
inless
colored
odd
the
dress.
curves:
with
cape,
ornamented.
upper
and
the
and
Instripes,
lower
yellow,
back.
sometimes
itattached,
like
edge
wasmanner
The
edge
always
aof
red,
Braids
border
the
same
Iof
quite
think,
and
many
garment
the
inand
of
kinds
brown
straight
tasteful
petticoat.
to
diamond
strips
ofthe
of
the
orbraids.
shirt,
material
dropping
lines
shapes.
of
shirts
The
and
cloth
and
and
Sometimes
women
of
square
The
used
of
much
angles.
into
the for
a
USE OF BEADS.
Mybecuriosity
to
there
with
some
one
These
my
Tiger
was
(probably
filling
head.
about
coveted
attention
sees
the
nothing
the
and
shade
She,
Tailâ——sâ——
equally
beads
the
proud
neck
beads
ambition
as
aspace
however,
peck
of
they
must
as
meaner
was
wear.
burdened.
wearer
blue,
of
to
under
of
can
called
an
be
how
ofThe
the
and
was
inferior
than
burdensome
the
carry.
ofher
many
beads)
wife,
cumbersome
to
costing
Even
certainly
Seminole
only
achin,
the
They
cut
quality
number
strings
agirl
remarkable
gathered
glass
little,
and
(so
are
not
to
babies
squaws
Icovering
worn.
their
of
bead,
particular
was
beads
one,
fewer
if beads
any,
about
are
wearers.
told
Mo-ki,
use
to
about
are
than
better
favored
gather
her
these
her
of
by
as
said
two
beads
aneck
aneck,
who
toIn
quarter
off
trader
women
to
about
the
by
hundred
the
in
be
up
had
among
hanging
quality
their
Big
her
worn
at
to
their
of
come
can
Miami)
her
possessions
an
Cypress
proud
strings
these
by
wear,
necks
of
ears.
inch
down
through
the
night
mammas
$1.75
Indian
or
of
It
ISwamp
as
beads
her
tried
was
more
good
as
many
than
the
back,
awell
women,
an
to
pound.
they
Everglades
with
in
sized
settlement
most
count
strings
effort
as
down
wear.
488by
abeads.
of
Sometimes,
young
varying
those
length,
for
day.
of
the
upon
They
her
to
beads
one
others.
She
worn
and
visit
her
generally
to
quantity
day,
are
had
as
move
old.
breasts,
but
her
by
satisfied
Others
can
tosix
It
â——Young
not
relatives.
gratify
her
of
seems
be
of
quarts
often,
the
were
hungShe
SILVER DISKS.
Conspicuous
shirt
made
of
inside
suspended,
noticed
copper
these
money
fronts,
and
by
the
rifle
gratifying
men,
like
are
circumference.
one
under
shells,
among
pounded
treasures
who
over
and
her
one
may
each
the
vanity
below
quite
bright
depends
be
other
Large
breast.
called
thin,
with
the
brass
ornaments
disks
upon
beads.
Among
made
â——jewelers
not
thimble,
made
only
the
concave,
Asworn
the
ability
eight
many
from
and
disks
bydisks
aand
to
pierced
half
as
women
buckle
other
the
ten
desire
dollars
made
tribe,â——
or
ornaments
with
hanging
are
more
of
ofmay
silver
holes,
one
silver
arebe
among
and
from
are
worn
disks,
and
called
quarters,
another
often
silver
ornamented
by
them.
suspended
â——breast
one
suspended.
but
quarters
toOf
woman.
secure
also
course
by
inwith
and
aashields.â——
them.
One
These
curve
groove
the
half
three
young
possession
across
dollars.
disks
polished
lying
woman
are
the
They
just
The
of Iare
pieces
EAR RINGS.

Fig. 65. Manner of


piercing the ear.
Earpalmetto
manufacture.
women
of
were
Piercing
longer
annual
the
rings
not
women
pierce
festival,
are
the
placed
arepierced
wood,
ears
not
The
the
from
the
there
generally
excepted,
lips
ears
about
Green
many
one
or
toofto
the
remain
amost
times;
Corn
ten
fifth
worn
the
nose;
or
of
Florida
of
Dance,
only
for
by
more
the
nor
anthe
what
while
inch
Indians,
do
small
Indians
and
Seminole.
they
purpose
inthe
upon
holes
length
use
however,
do
puncture
the
paint
not
IThose
have
did
and
faces
now
not
upon
appear
in
been
was
worn
diameter
mutilate
of
discover.
healing.
their
made.
their
are
to be
persons,
usually
dead.
their
the
In
pierced,
Along
(Fig.
most
size
bodies
made
65.)
Iand
of
am
and,
athese
for
in
told,
of
large
as
the
silver
beautyâ——s
holes
aexcept
pin.
upper
rule,
and
Seemingly
the
edges
atare
489 their
Iears
noticed
of
sake.
ofhome
of
great
the
they
the
They
bits
earsno
FINGER RINGS.
Nor isof
made
extending
thesilver
wearing
from and
knuckle
of finger
showedto knuckle.
good
ringsworkmanship.
more
These
common
also were
Most
thanhome-made.
of
that
them
of rings
werefor
made
thewith
ears.large
The finger
elliptical
rings
tablets
I sawonwere
them,
all
SILVER VS. GOLD.
I saw
Seminole.
once
more
exceptions,
nothing
of them
gave
than
nothat
only
gold
him
the
Heaiswhat
decided
ornaments.
is
silver,
not
a atwenty
monometalist,
genuine
is and
the
preference
dollar
best
in
Gold,
of
myeither
its
gold
own
even
apparent
and
forof
piece
intercourse
silver.
his
gold
food
precious
for
kind.
money,
Iorwas
$17
ofTraders
with
material
told
in
metal
does
silver,
the
that
not
told
isSeminole
for
the
silver.
although
seem
me
wear
Seminole
that,
Itowas
or
Ibe
assured
found
so
ornament.
considered
told
are
far them
as
by
peculiar
that
the
a cattle
to
the
Indians
ofmanifest,
in
gold
much
dealer
wishing
piece
know,
value
with
of was
to
an
they
by
possess
few
Indian
worth
the
will who
buy
CRESCENTS, WRISTLETS, AND BELTS.
The
These
tin.
afrom
cords
with
everyday
half
These
ornaments
fanciful
the
or
inches.
arethongs
neck
camp
generally
articles
devices
Silver
by
worn
life.
passing
cords,
areabout
They
wristlets
by
wrought
also
through
in
the
appear
five
made
the
men
are
cusps
out
inches
holes
from
which
used
with
of of
silver.
long,
silver
by
in
them
the
are
the
the
crescents,
most
an
It
on
coins
ends
men
isinch
anot
worthy
festival
of
for
and
in
customary
the
one
their
width
aremetal.
of
occasion
below
ofadornment.
attention
at
home
the
Belts,
for
another,
or
widest
the
manufacture.
are
when
and
Indian
They
crescents,
at
part,
turbans
they
distances
are
men
and
visit
fastened
They
too,
to
varying
ofwear
some
apart
the
are
areabout
thickness
often
worn
these
trading
of
in size
perhaps
the
ornamented
suspended
ornaments
and
post.
wrists
of ordinary
two
value.
by
and
in
ME-LE.
A sketch
me
Seminole,
on mymade
trip
the son
tobythe
of
Lieutenant
Cat
an Indian,
490 Fish
Brown,
Ho-laq-to-mik-ko,
Lake
of settlement,
Saint Francis
byenables
aBarracks,
negress
me to
adopted
Saint
show,Augustine,
into
in gala
the dress,
tribe
Florida,
when
Me-le,
who
a child.
a accompanied
half breed
The picture described does not appear in the printed text, and is not included in the List of
Illustrations.
Me-le
Cat
moreover,
was
cover
and
curly
however,
Seminole
him
life
frame
habits
orange
sewing
pieces
the
Mik-ko
progress
of
Next
Jacksonville.
the
names
if
Fish
athe
tomorning
hair,
peculiar
he
the
little
house,
sat
and
in
me
grove,
machine,
has
owner
Lake,
knew
of
his
brown
is
for
of
of
by
had
the
road
this
ain
pure
presence,
the
his
inclosed
He
restless,
some
and
simple
only
he
battlement-like
many
just
of
how
topeople.
which
skin
picture
letters
is
and
was
the
blood.
see
inpurchased
the
exception
of
toother
aone
of
he
the
agriculture
at
inquisitive
on
the
break
short
to
only
had
of
Seeking
his
the
in
was
â——Me-le
white
put
all
pair
Indians.
our
more
my
been
sturdy
station
Florida
time
sides
away
intelligent
itIand
of
band
alphabet,
room
together
observed
man
important
him
red
pushed
of
will
mind,
was
and
safely
thighs.
Why?
to
of
his
Seminole,
and
flannel
at
one
ho-lo-wa
see
have
silver
entered
wearing
apeople,
enough,
and
again
out
ato
hotel
from
day
Because
the
His
white
respects
athe
deserves
leggins
legibly
into
on
hundred
train
atwithout
ornaments
by
in
Ihis
kisâ——
singular
nor
athe
Orlando,
believe,
so
manâ——s
that
pair
Orlando.
atribe.
he
depart,
the
with
door.
an
edge
wrote
oflikes
part
the
of
trees,
exceptional
mistake.
which
report
cut
He
store
their
who
(Me-le
of
notice
More
were
Iof
and
his
the
He
found
his
has
of
so
town.
the
Ihad
goes,
ways
English
boots
had
white
hair
told
silver
he
have
turban.
than
He
been
and
is
frontier
him
says,
atof
just
character.
He
peculiar
me
once
of
when
in
care
that,
that
spoken.
man
crescents,
progressive
no
busily
name,
doing
was
addition
he
come
Notice
bearing
account)
called
of
time
of
he
and
the
would
clothed
Floridaâ——s
to
those
is
other
studying
These
seventy
â——John
He
machine
would
seen
his
the
not
off
to
wristlets,
fruit.
is
like
enough
who
was
uncropped
Seminole
his
things.
satisfied
for
anot
â——in
were
railway.
live
to
He
miles
home-made
the
me
had
are
atgo
Willis
has
not
the
all
ato
He
locomotive
judgment
from
civilized
interested
been
with
silver
from
with
his
build
men.
in
bought
long
white
head
has
favor
Mik-ko.â——
best,â——
ame
taken
the
his
newspaper
studded
started
for
Me-le,
enough
finery.
of
manâ——s
population.
to
passed
hunting
and
home,
in
with
luxuriant,
himself
engine
tothe
uses
an
He
belt,
to
the
and,
at
upon
a
PSYCHICAL CHARACTERISTICS.
have
development.
white
of
government
acquainted
need
disarmed,
will
representative
friend.
from
Iaffectionate,
during
only
the
listening,
further.
they
Na-ki-taâ——
were
their
ordinary
â——Yesâ——
illustrative
fine
children.
caring
seen
persistently
while
tribe.
boys,
picturesque
on
nightâ——s
dreams
little
breast,
felt,
and
are
Ka-tca-la-ni
capture
in
camp.
remark
three
started.
(go)!â——
outspoken,
understand
shall
found
their
his
which
my
frank.
camp
when
us
looking
excite
though
could
this
one
reputation
fellow,
been
not
seemingly
time
miles
One
two
own
men,
the
â——You
now
for
right,
all
the
In
pressed
as
domestic
and
them
At
his
I circumstances
be
disposed
little
are
His
call
where
latter
through
my
Formal
and
ISeminole
their
both
one
to
night,
led
last
Horse
language
his
with
instances
with
game.
without
their
away,
was
That
glance
as
crying
surprised
circle
Idemanding
and
(â——Yellow
boys,
sleep.
struggling
under
truthful,
commendable.
time
genial.
solicitous
could
the
intercourse
They
to
afellow
was
of
whom
admiration
half
(Doctor
the
set
comfort.
was
with
race,
the
at
as
he
recent
or
to
words.
the
was
as
our
Seminole
and
Creek,
can
or
â——Me
aiding
withstood
my
in
his
to
ranging
at
out.
ready
little
for
which
Upon
everything
was,
â——I
century,
Lieutenant
not
intending
imperfect
are
trying
negresses,
conclusion
continued,
hypocritical
the
Indeed,
many
Isulk
National
what
frankness
they
clambering,
and
social
go
at
interpreter,
camp
might
the
history
IWhat-is-it)
an
have
from
affection
well
attention
Diplomacy
head
finding
and,
ashes
Especially
afterwards
however,
to
the
to
the
with
to
the
communicative.
in
and
mother
have
uncivilized,
to
may
donâ——t
in
of
communicative,
Horse
Tigerâ——)
be
try
intercourse.
have
this
go
the
They
my
our
amateur
founded.
the
translated
mention
moans
under
oblige
with
to
age
three
offense,
the
means
esteem.
Government,
them,
around
again
which
this
Brown
to
three
hunt
indeed,
more
welcomed
â——not
white
that
his
in
presence
strong
old
nationâ——s
seemed
but
courtesy
often
white
from
to
answer
who
just
Creek
are
great
Tom
the
Ienmity
smaller
his
cheek,
did
seems,
learned
me
followed
my
for
chief,
with
was
rolled
Ipigs,
at
in
hunter
bears
properly
decided
would
the
know.â——
manâ——s
They
found
like
Seminole
and
Icould
Icovering.
four
been
them
Indian
their
and
he
no
men
by
found
Indians
was
stopped,
dignity
answers
hardly
Parental
on
with
playfully
continually
as
you,
to-day;
and
bright
and
does
throw
is
many
Nor
to
Tûs-te-nûg-ge,
Iconsoling
way
answering
up
boys
as
upon
aquite
that
to
answered
because
sat
Ibut
in
fortunate
heard
them
disposal,
Ishow.
into
but
not
their
hunt.
was
me;
immediately
yet,
to
met,
in
beside
appeared
them
several
Tom,
eighteen
be
armies
his
are
like
by
disturbing
not
of
they
under
Ka-tca-la-ni
light—I
only
were
repel
natural,
their
to
aanswer;
it
At
aaffection
and,
refreshing
English,
to-morrow.â——
called
then
to
culture,
confidence
manner,
search
little
named
the
and
tender
they
the
And
He
and
Ihis
characterize
to
always.
once
to-day?â——
most
will
ask,
be
have
him
to
his
forbidding
puzzling
in
turning
enmity
promptly
bundled
enough
to
dogs,
friendly
call
campfire
conditions
governmentâ——s
wished
questions,
felt
IIyears.
paleface,
devoid
an
follow
not
to
they
the
defense
hunt
give
sleeping
have
and
heard
mention
â——What
â——Its-ki,
the
for
all
care
at
with
attained
until
the
but
them
have
is
unlearned
the
among
asked
only
psychical
to
together
You
the
the
are
was
game
characteristic
big
ato
alone
me
afatherâ——s
will
to
Seven
reason
they
to
about
frightened
us
up
advances.
confessed
these
questions
muffled
of
whom
man
the
and
at
become
Cat
them.
any
ahis
while
affectionate
be
of
the
and
Indian
see
could
the
over
which
all
after
who
he
brothers.
in
asavage,
one.
Täl-la-häs-ke◗s
the
find
asked
aand
have
boy,
their
To-morrow
and
sense
introduced
companion,
without
Fish
representative
whose
cotton
brave,
relatively
turned
kindness
the
boys,
how
months
with
information
unlovely
art
to
ischaracteristics
Its-kiâ——
Florida
IOne
his
had
with
my
Täl-la-häs-ke
them
not
giving
spoke
moans
it?â——
you
believe
grasped
induced
wide
little
both
characteristics
among
rights,
our
Lake
He
upon
representative
cry
of
the
fatherâ——s
people.
Täl-la-häs-ke,
mark.
business
watching
not
of
mistake
Iself
cloth
warwhoop
amiability
from
caressing
come
equivocation
humor.
have
called
evincing
before
man.
to
of
Indian
mother
one
awake,
their
my
swamps
on
were
him
qualities.
been
high
settlement;
matters
from
to
reliant,
but
one
came,
that
them.
the
said,
his
To
them
on
Ime
the
Ithe
party
of
They
(mother,
said
back,â——
said
â——No,â——
the
sought.
home
of
me
also
eager
their
degree
baby
among
another,
Ichild,
honored
one,
deer
the
With
would
his
their
and
trail
of
and
Seminole,
met
laughed
â——Now
words,
the
characteristics
and,
or
to
and
first
also
connected
to
they
proud
wished
of
knees
the
are
reputation
household.
little
of
aBut
meaning,
is
welcome
however,
skins
honored
serenity,
life,
boy,
father
white
to
him
movements
people
only
â——Noâ——
hugged
their
yet
the
deadly
â——Doctor
prairies,
of
with
the
his
mother)
Florida
lodge—the
shot
find,
antagonistic
that
Horse
are
talk,
when
forming
and,
by
whose
palmetto
people
psychical
as
and
with
the
when
waking
his
was
government
people.
father
for
few
to
manâ——s
truthful.
the
to
it.
not
at
it,
several
491approach,
amiable,
and,
you
so
with
own,
people
accompany
wife
me
back,
hand,
him
the
his
suspicion
what
But
me
is
did
Creek,
Tom
who
the
his
Indians.
answered
exceptions,
Seminole
Iwas
492begged
as
meaning
Ifar
even
who
under
have
which
of
ahi-e-pus
no
entered
and
as
out
as
you
afather
Indianâ——s
After
shelter
his
to
equally
died,
larger
many
as
is
six
was
to
the
That
far
ahis
there
or
have
of
Iour
and
the
Isaw,
as
is
bad
Tom,
Iis amiab
and
KO-NIP-HA-TCO.
Here
West
Capt.
that
whites.
for
relate
aposition.
by
discussion,
to
frankness:
Captain
when
the
remember.â——
had
foreign
return
the
sleep
answer
meant
time
is
Billy,â——
F.
Ithe
Mat-te-lo
Indians;
went
another
He
Hendry.
A.
with
and
It
he
community.
interesting
In
what
had
of
is
Hendry,
and
was
to
food.
the
sufficient
the
them
it
Florida
clothed
illustration
once,
said
he
the
While
autumn
And
was,
white
has
â——Me
said.
for
at
only
to
story
during
become
As
so
on
Myers,
Captain
athis
himself
to
they
man
time
the
of
may
Seminole
the
say
of
of
â——Billyâ——
1880,
stood
was
talk
the
â——Billyâ——sâ——
all
contrary,
their
to
that,
so
and
bein
Hendry,
same
year
his
ended,
desirous
equally
easily
our
Mat-te-lo,
asked
together
frankness.
for
who
home
before
dress
white
the
seriously
guessed,
â——Bum-by.
the
had
permission
frank:
of
at
time
â——Billyâ——
and
Seminole
man,â——
Ithe
separated
identifying
ahad
met
One
prominent
at
â——Mat-te-lo,
taken
Big
opposed.
Ko-nip-ha-tcoâ——s
been
least,
him,
Indian,
to
Cypress
to
looking
previous
himself
studying
live
five
he
Indian
he
himself
the
Seminole,
Several
Ko-nip-ha-tco
had
boastfully
with
of
bed
passed.
Swamp.
hard
his
kill
from
become
life
our
him.
and
with
when
relatives
tribal
Billy.â——
or
atlanguage
was
his
table,
Hardly
told
the
Permission
the
of
But
Indian
act
in
people
councils
his
at
(â——Billyâ——),
white
captain
the
me
to
was
instead
Myers
came
adventures
had
my
eyes
kill
and
one
not
But
and
people
illustration
the
made
to
was
Billy,
ways
day.
and
of
atan
had
Myers
try
young
all
the
his
willingly
happened
answer
that
But
him
to
in
cast
for
white
looked
people
ground
discover
reaching
and
I493
in
more
fellow
the
of
in
will
a1879
man
came.
his
Seminole
brother
compelled
subject
given,
upon
ato
and
not
than
member
lot
disappeared
kill
whether
meet
he
his
In
here
kettle,
with
with
acame
and
of
Indian,
present
this
year.
â——Key
him
favor
the
ofcase
hetoAtproud
INTELLECTUAL ABILITY.
Incould
abilities
comparison
mentally
little
another,
fertility.
and
verge
satisfy
misunderstood
donâ——t
strains
commended
from
Inoon.
by
of
surroundings,
tramp
held
me,
illustrating
littly.
you
time
then
momentâ——s
range
an
the
Ivexatious
Indian
all.
on
you
was
pantomime
half-past
observed
attic
Me
of
Occupying
off
long
me
to
see
courageously.
Me
and
they
Certainly,
of
the
can
active.
precious.
which
think
in
room
before
knowâ——
language?â——
how
variations
intellectual
continued
go
with
domain
them
operations
for
hunt
are,
despite
failures
eight
school.
that,
or
me
hesitation,
his
much
Iat
When
generally
other
they
our
put
as
unintelligible
on
all
Myers.
â——Billy,â——
most
tell
patient,
when
in
awhich
athe
their
time
of
the
tension
rule,
Ito
The
were
Me
deer
the
American
you
power
was
of
wearied
mood,
of
draw
time.
persistent
invited
the
Despite
morning
full
with
â——Me
learn.
minds.
sufficed
only
their
the
voluble,
all.
hunt
uttered.
persistent,
willing
â——Why?â——
and
cultivated
tofrom
expression
To-morrow
Seminole
Me
time,
inquiries
question,
sign
him.
intellectual
which
(for
Me
aborigines,
to
Ko-nip-ha-tco,
mental
the
donâ——t
to
until
invitation
to
Those
vivacious,
him
think
no
of
go
number,
â——Billyâ——
Often
Iconvey
acknowledge
insects,
intellectual
said,
itweakening
go,
hunt
American,
certain
five
Inot
was
but
processes
of
met
with
come,
Doctor;
Ifaculties
â——you
any
matters
very
Ideer
found
in
would
the
of
&c.,
know
myriads
believe
Icannot
showing
494whom
the
translations
replied,
the
of
by
meaning
and
interesting
to-mollow.â——
industry.
subjected.
he
are
afternoon,
by
my
the
me
themselves
return
near
English
no
with
have
Isaid
made
justly
they
Igo
his
is
of
quite
will
Florida
questions
stay,â——
means
the
particularly
â——are
woods
awhich
now.
answers
to
mastered,
to
inquiry
lover
easily
possession
ask
Iwas
into
be
language.
limited.
me:
to
kept
But
my
with
acalled
Indians,
You
you
him,
powerless.
to
on
took
brilliant
they
his
of
hearers.
â——Doctor,
he
failed,
enter
the
you
upon
him
was
that
but
the
one
Ieasier
dealt
own
hunt
held
they
about
But
was
are
ayoung
either
tired,
Bum-by
of
woods
great
an
the
his
to
day,
when
inquiry,
amember
not
language
on
if
to-day.
In
relatively
were
nevertheless
afraid
leave
substantive
hour
questions.â——
brain
courageous
first
the
They
the
stupid
their
Billy?â——
bravely
about
fellow
interest
familiar
compared
and
language
exceptionally
Seminole
and
class.
how
you
â——Doctor
of
was,
before
would
Iintercourse
of
need
aof
noon,
losing
or
abusy
active
come,
bold
his
through
long
in
halfâ——s
or
phrases
intellectually
They
to
or
bravely
decision.
us
not
the
you
tribe,
which
and
awith
two,
for
when,
â——No,â——
are
and
my
you
degree,
and
brains
next
After
decided
seem
atjust
about
life
to
the
patient
with
hold
the
Na-ki-taâ——
successful
containing
an
is
once
want
our
endeavored
are
be
winter,
after
much
three
of
severe
adverb,
intermission
and
intellectual
only
toparalyzed
one
judged
upon
beyond
ahis
answer
sluggish,
me
â——I
be
fortnight,
under
many,
mental
days
ato
people,
to
me
heat
him,
hunter),
verbs
and
be
he
tell
by
the
to
athe
tell
more
toand
answered,
afor
at to
he
and
495

HAIR DRESSING. 10
The Seminole Indians of Florida

CHAPTER II.

SEMINOLE SOCIETY.
As
relationship
people
shown
embodied,
me
the
their
forces
practically
Indians,
that,
two
Idescendants,
among
adonâ——t
have
very
ICreek
clan
to
Creek.
peoples.
now
as
development
say
in
made
said,
few
either
more
consanguineous
far
or
embodied
their
direct
that
in
The
as
and,
relationships,
gens.
obliterated.
knowâ——
â——as
which
alanguage
or
The
descriptive
in
Ihistory,
careful
the
was
Florida
less
while
the
attention
Ionly
Seminole
attempted
that
in
lies
narrow
able
remotely
far
Dr.
comparison
my
and
forces
seeming
the
Seminole
at
or
kindred
as
to
instead
Ito
L.
the
efforts
â——No
could
in
Creek
Igo,
limits
the
H.
relationships
was
to
social
foundation
by
connected
they
Morganâ——s
get
Florida
difference
my
which,
of
obtain
able
were
are
language,
of
of
full
classificatory
and
are
kin,â——
interpreter
what
athe
tonot
people
insight
the
Seminole
no
in
political
go.â——
with
terms
ofare
may
followed
fact,
of
answer.
same,
society,
Creek
relationships
essentially
one
containing,
and
into
be
of
Consanguinity
would
the
organization;
names
allowing
in
Seminole
another
named
Icustoms,
that,
characteristics
the
found,
marriage
by
their
answer
system
an
beyond
being
those
the
relations
and
to
altogether
lies
for
and
relationship
some
family
or
my
designated
and
example,
the
used.
of
but
inthe
Creek
itswhat
relationships
the
question
of
natural
extent,
so
Affinity
with
equivalent,
first
or
satisfactory
the
names
strong
regulations
in
we
one
that
collateral
Iother
the
by
obtained
the
differences
may
only
ofanother,
applied
has
beyond
the
larger
posterity
the
peoples
in
the
call
by
the
term
result,
which
American
line
have
result
some
with
bounds
their
Creek
to
the
Iâ——kindred.â——
of
shall
of
have
some
ofIbeen
Seminole
those
second
pronunciation
of
â——mother
such
saw
kindred
tribes
influence
of
which
first
yielded,
Indians,
of
the
enough
of
what
answer
the
collateral
diverse
treat
the
guiding
by
kinship
islineal
isCreek
been
ahave
marriage,
and
of
to
as
called
body
tribe,â——
offrom
that
enable
â——I
Ithe
line
in
been
is
find
This
of except
is fo
THE SEMINOLE FAMILY.
The family
places
severaltoSeminole
theconsists
number
families
ofofthe
wives
in
husband,
which
the Florida
duogamy
one orIndian
more
exists.
wives,
may have,
and but
theircertainly
children.heI may
do not
possess
know two.
whatThere
limit tribal
are law
496

COURTSHIP.
I learned
less,
What
member
they
them
the
towards
on
The
of
thence
cotton
both
question.
female
select,
sees
that
follows?
tosides,
the
of
the
cloth
the
an
they
the
from
relatives
young
Indian
following
young
Ifto
desire
loverâ——s
and
He
they
the
their
calls
man.
amaiden
man
decide
prospective
of
bed
the
own
facts
the
his
Ifamaid
canopy—in
she
wedding
young
number,
immediate
of
in
own
concerning
favor
about
to
also
husband.
gens
receive
man
iscostume,
of
some
sixteen
other
willing,
and
relatives
the
take
the
their
who,
if
From
union,
words,
to
formation
years,
no
consisting
news
kinsman
the
other
at
to
that
they
house
an
athe
and
of
council
moment
appropriate
impediment
furnishing
interrogate
the
of
by
asofaaher
double
family:
athe
natural
and
newly
there
husband.
betrothedâ——s
tells
time,
of
consent
the
stands
Ais
impulse
made
athem
young
aprospective
new
go
gentle
The
inshirt.
is
to
bed.
of
the
desires
girlâ——s
warrior,
conveyed
the
his
excitement
way
Thereupon
mother
maidenâ——s
wish.
bride
to
ofatmake
through
the
If
the
relatives
as
a the
in
blanket
to
proposed
there
age
both
her
her
damsel
the
of
kindred
his
then
is
disposition
households.
or
twenty
relatives,
returned
wife.
alliance,
aisconsider
large
not
and
orapiece
tell
MARRIAGE.
Arrangements
of
received
camp,
the
mother-in-law.
cleaves
houses
among
the
white
going
and
for
the
unto
by
manâ——s
are
independent
husbandâ——s
his
of
the
thenceforth
for
the
It
bride.
mate.
isthe
bridegroom,
thehoneymoon,
marriage
From
After
man
housekeeping,
recognized
relatives.
that
and
a time,
being
attime
not
sunset
and
especially
the
he
thus
as
either
often
woman
is
aofcompleted,
wedded
her
an
for
athusband.
as
appointed
the
among
athe
much
pair.
camp
family
thethese
After
The
longer
of
day,
marriage
the
increases,
next
Indians
the
toperiod,
wifeâ——s
the
marriage,
day,
takes
home
who
husband
the
theplace
wedded
leaves
new
ofmother
through
his
by
couple
and
mother-in-law,
father
the
pair
or
wife
what
very
elsewhere,
remain
build
and
appear
isinformal
mother
the
one
atequivalent
together
where
the
or
excepting
and
more
ceremony
home
heinis
ofthethe
DIVORCE.
Themay.
matrimonial
divorce
â——Me
Billyâ——s
divorce.
ended.
division
self-support
wide
usually
just
whether
sexes,
lawfully
she as
home
reaching
to
well
so
isshe
of
497The
desert
cease
donâ——t
accomplished
may
perplexing
property,
off
There
of
is
first
beginnings,
husband,
and
married
at
every
without
her
continue
reply,
the
isauthoritative
husband,
no
or
know;
option
adult,
for
no
or
aâ——He
the
embarrassment
Iuntil
among
husband
the
longer
not.
could
adjustment
healthy
Indian
of
as
white
death
Ineither
well
than
not
the
satisfied
fact,
left
as
no
man.
Indian,
breaks
Florida
learn.
as
with
that
her.â——
of
marriage
tell
of
the
growing
the
So
of
claims
with
me
one.
Ihusband
it
female
interested
pressed
Seminole,
marriage,
far
up.
much.â——
his
What
as
among
In
out
for
Sometimes,
personal
wife,
fact,
ashis
the
of
the
is
well
parties.
have
as
problems
these
hers,
wife,
desertion
question
possession
leaves
elsewhere,
as
All
maintenance
already
in
Indians
male,
from
however,
Although
the
her;
the
upon
respecting
seems
light
some
shape
and
of
she
disposed
end
seems
the
Ko-nip-ha-tco,
itIthe
returns
Ito
facts
is
obtained
in
occurs
of
do
children.
be
concerned,
gentile
disappointment
to
the
property,
not
of
the
learned
be
to
womanâ——s
these
that
know
but
only
her
upon
relationship,
The
most
the
questions,
family,
remains
Ibut
ceremony
athat
think
the
independent
woman
natural
his
hopeful
the
subject
and
itanswer
and
her
future
wife
probable
which
ruin.
mating
which
is,
accompanying
the
own
comes
as
may
was,
How
matter
support,
aisare
rule,
of
that
more
from
theis thea
CHILDBIRTH.
According
aplace
palmetto.
to
she
motherâ——s
one
small
beis
within
born,
for
delivered
lodge,
the
To
to
four
and
birth
this
information
covering
labor
there,
days
ofsecluded
of
herdifficult
her
after
inbabe,
the
achild
sitting
received
its
place
top
which
or
birth.
not
and
followed
the
posture,
far
ais
sides
woman,
prospective
received
fromof
by
her
the
the
awith
hands
prolonged
and
main
structure
mother,
some
cared
grasping
house
elderly
for
sickness.
generally
asofthe
by
athe
strong
her
female
hour
family,
Usually
with
companions.
of
stick
relatives,
her
the
andshe
driven
confinement
large
there,
returns
Rarely
goes
leaves
into
with
at
to
the
is
of
the
approaches,
some
her
ground
the
the
time
home
Indian
cabbage
friends,
the
before
with
child
selects
builds
her
her,
islittle
a

Fig. 66. Baby cradle or hammock.

INFANCY.
The
His
goes
of
bind
Indian
(Fig.
sometimes
beside
his
mother
baby,
498him
her
66.)
body
baby,
The
the
own
helplessly
well
is
and,
Seminole
swinging
one
when
way
prompt
into
may
within
and
very
the
onhear
hammock
to
mother,
leaves
aworld,
ayoung,
nourish
board;
limited
her the
or
Ilearns
spends
was
on
of
him
an
area,
little
athe
old
informed,
baby.
and
very
of
fellow
contrary,
his
grandam
the
solicitous
quickly
time,
I heard
camp
toisgo
naked,
she
crooning
not
one
that
ground.
his.
indoes
inher
of
he
the
From
inthese
not
is
care
aahabit
She
hammock,
to
monotonous
trouble
the
for
make
refrains,
does
of
first
him
soothing
his
not
her
she
if
orand,
own
bundle
child
he
refrain
on
gives
falls
her
aas
way
deer
even
nearly
her
him
baby
as
ill,
through
she
skin,
child
with
but,
into
with
as
crouches
as
or
clothing.
athe
I itcould
motionless
song.
far
on
as
perfectly
the
as
best
on
catch
Nevertheless,
possible,
warm
The
the
he thing
free
it,
may.
Florida
ground
earth.
itthus:
she
use
ran
or

MIDI file (may require adjustments to browser)


Thethe
last
There
on
creature
she
arms
cloth
his
little
beads
which,
for the
motherâ——s
does,
note
hammock
fellow,
free,
together,
which
are
ground
camp
a and
was
moment
usually,
times,
however,
lolling
the
hung
fire.
unmusical
or
was
and
mother
to
inafterwards,
by
hips,
temptingly
slings
be
swung
aand
she
setting
hammock.
sure,
the
rollicking
is
puts
and
her
forced
ininfant
when
uttered
him
the
time
burden
still
between
When
baby
astride
to
the
rides,
keeping
with
ongo
quite
over
Seminole
his
into
her
there
to
the
generally
one
motherâ——s
any
staccato.
her
her
the
shoulders,
song.
of
isshoulders
distance
baby
center
no
her
mother
The
with
little
hips
onof
singing
while
from
much
her
carries
sister
aand
back,
piece
back
the
holding
her
upon
satisfaction.
or
was
kicking
her
mother,
of
old
house
asslow
her
cotton
baby.
she
grandmother
him
back,
her
or
did
in
hand-free,
He
there.
cloth,
lodge,
Imovement
and
so,
remember
where,
is she
tugging
not
If
ties
she
to
she
always
chopped
bore
with
opposite
look
takes
and
wishes
seeing,
away
on
his
after
nasal
left
him
one
into
brown
at
corners
to
to
one
the
with
the
in
shoulder
have
small
his
quality.
helpless
day,
strings
legs
her.
pleasure
of
both
wood
one
the
astride
This
a of
The
her
log,
jolly
CHILDHOOD.
Butfor
do
life.
age.
â——Koontiâ——
other
little
these
considerable
just
No
They
Seminoleâ——s
Ismall
himself
shall
small
ascan
soon
ways
hereafter
measure.
amount
stir
and
astothe
the
root,
thespeak.
soup
life
of
more
Seminole
necessary
and
the
iswhile
he
one
labor
Yet,
even
can
of
baby
itas
work
in
pound
contribute
severe
issoon
aboiling;
has
Seminole
ofit;
as
gained
labor.
the
they
hehome.
to
they
isthe
He
household
can
sufficient
able
can
has
general
Iwatch
am
to
aid
plenty
play,
not
instrength
and
isdomestic
kneading
to
done
he
ofreplenish
befinds
time
understood,
by
towelfare
children,
toddle
for
the
that
the
games
dough
with
fire;
he
the
of
even
his
learns
and
for
better
they
course,
play
bread;
as
play
contribute
that
young
he
heas
of
will
the
must
they
saying
allas
more
get
kinds,
can
mix
four
inalong
that
this
he
wash
work
years
and
can
the
and
inthe
of
in
of
many
499

SEMINOLE DWELLINGS—I-FUL-LO-HA-TCOâ——S HOUSE.


â——Billyâ——
continued
pierced
dressed
also
twenty-four
A
ornamented,
lying
several
moored
Dwellings
the
Florida
This
materials
and
pole,
sustain
up,
thongs,
serves
under
laying
seems
is
The
can
Now
nomads.
wigwams
for
temporary
an
to
game
there
another,
much
many
As
idea
When
saw-grass
other
was
characteristic
loaded
probably
around
well
child—was
making
things
This,
held
bag
some
extra
one
indefinite
â——Bad
hammock
water
camp,
accompanying
upon
tear
covered
covering
visible.
saw
of
fenced
house
that
or
their
my
trees
around
has
the
comforts
water.
my
of
to
Iin
with
what
which
the
Seminole
pigs,
Everglades.
or
with
buckskins
at
picked
7ait
fertile
quantity
acting
They
ahave
corn
beams
furnish
two
guide
the
taken
place
and
we
greater
cypress
been
at
which,
Iguide
marsh
off,
my
â——Old
traderâ——s
great
camps
hoe;
throughout
and
palmetto
is
busied
at
with
our
in
This
the
with
it
two
hung
The
lay
leaves
the
have
periods
approximately
is,
acres
of
the
we
were
search.
hung
Country,â——
home.
and
been
have
height,
is
sugar
discovered
tangled
in
up
and
informed
afrom
eaves.
provisions
which
feast,
pointed
his
Icontentedly
place.
the
surrounding
palmetto
by
part
holes.
of
invisibility
deep
remain
thatching
found
home
annoying
atried
for
turn
â——dug-out,â——
was
was
there
seen
lying
these
sketch
myself
palmetto
in
built
made
living
less
from
display
fixed
this
home.
(Pl.
describing
thatching.
family
Tommyâ——sâ——
cane
Where
the
aare
of
Iextent.
the
and
as
informed,
iron
Eight
with
extend
afew
shrubbery,
noticed
Ithe
is,
â——Wear
that
ropes.
also.
care
XIX.)
root
on
are
the
out
â——cowâ——s
did
palmetto
three
from
used
guests
me,
aof
habitations:
firm
Green
Seminole
hammock;
in
alogs,
beside
in
with
If
rafter,
and
Seminole
weeks.
pot;
of
asaw-grass,
much
with
life
itso
year
they
approach
to
I-ful-lo-ha-tcoâ——s
not
16
thatched
noting
of
and
upright
under
taken
possible,
abundance.
rafter
At
There
was
aon
to
the
by
houses,
year
This
by
me
infrequent
The
some
here
myself.
small
abut
by
alay
of
and
search
length
summon
Corn
athe
water
make
Seminoleâ——s
had
the
it
mortar,
and
roof
heavy
length
skill
used
tree.
with
dry
routine
the
Now
9than
the
of
to
platform
few
awhat
were
them
district
the
hosts
edge
Seminole
palmetto
feet
terrapin
same
or
pestle,
small
family
gone
island.
roof,
year
anear
settlements
to
Dance.
locality
excellent
is
he
sitting
but
platform
and
flour
tight
about
It
in
Iamong
aOn
house,
first
unimportant
with
again,
perhaps
logs,
it
of
quite
landed,
And
few
in
had
several
is
hides
made
at
â——Charlie,â——
in
calling
of
for
industry.
Ifield,
horn.â——
was
the
it
owners.
we
taste
the
garden.
the
actually
are
ground
found
Green
and
made
Southern
formed,
one
from
the
The
is
athose
fifteen
or
shells
been
banana
awhich,
Besides,
they
logs,
where
adid
abiding
sack
that
and
families
shore
the
roof
composed
building
difficult.
peculiar,
practically
few
his
from
of
lying
work
Big
on
six
durable
they
and
Ibasketware
island
from
in
it;
visited,
it
not
house
main
from
things
Corn
their
one
left
within—the
all,
an
house,
they
No
There
the
measurement,
unsplit
of
being
days
lying
miles
but
difficult
well
feet
Cypress
differences,
now,
of
let
soon,
aâ——Charlieâ——
bound
plants
gather
down
of
old
Florida
learn
clothing,
places
as
live
in
camp
of
one
part
are
â——Charlieâ——sâ——
seemed
mastic
may
adwelling
kind,
us
and
Dance,â——
in
On
art:
and
from
long,
at
laid
it
defined
aon
Iplatform
the
fashioned
of
are
not
away.
placing
that
uniform
look
to
and
was
that
at
rule,
oak
of
aand
of
until
rising
together
place
horseback
are
split
upon
inside,
ato
sieves,
have
will
time.
Swamp.
houses.
of
my
times
their
away
and
more
that
the
the
platform
of
pointed
thinking
they
wood,
undressed,
(?)
camp.
mass
it
told,
reach
what
which
covered
at
lashed
their
go
Having,
later.
like
I-ful-lo-ha-tco,
surprise,
shows
palmetto
resist
fills
districts,
entire
one
when,
vicinity
it
builder;
made
some
among
ano
its
homes,
log,
But
elevated
in
to
than
on
during
may
the
hunt,
on
rifle,
evidently
these
in
of
were
families,
attempt
home.
nearly
And
the
construction.
perhaps
athe
said
insignificant
Iat
We
the
there
500it
to
an
probably
even
pairs,
regularity
he
in
central
leaves
household—father,
rich
did
almost
what
12
with
have
as
is
bow
in
island
lives,
with
them.
the
they
interior
island
one
may
rafters
near
outside—with
support
Indians
entered
might
occupying
its
permanent
â——Billy.â——
the
found
logs
Mounting
the
often
feet
the
not
about
The
all
Koonti
was
auprights
is
aare
peculiarities.
style
aand
home
four
year
violent
of
camp
powder
and
fact,
point,
be
dense
Iby,
altogether,
absence
the
lying
sirup
examine.
No
made
above
with
fifteen
or
Florida
and
could
be
no
happens,
the
them
laid
which
under
of
and
three
taken
stern.
are
athe
island
gardens
feet
in
of
others,
structure.
With
when
â——Charlie
sign
somewhere
nevertheless,
ground,
trouble
small,
made,
the
where
houses,
my
in
making
atransversely,
once
houses,
growth
upon
the
architecture
camps,
to
wind.
compactness
by
frequent
roof.
the
horn
next
see
pile
and
afeet
the
inches
of
building
the
as
of
provide
Indians
vehicle,
but
palmetto
the
jungle.
saw-grass,
parties
A
isground
we
the
if
nothing
aneat
and
human
Among
it
aand
roof.
of
aMany
roof
day
skirt,
mother,
in
and
from
Only
that
year
marked
not
slight
the
outer
certain
Iastride
of
Beyond
half
festival,
houses
piece
surrounded
can
logs,
whole
owner,
getting
caught
in
visitors
various
fields
clearing,
near.
palmetto
at
shot
is
breast
are
wholly,
gather
against
A
As
they
like
which
diameter
and
gayly
the
Osceola,â——
that
in
at
hurricanes
get
rafters
prevails
ahabitation
ropes,
layers
flat
composed
variations,
but
the
sow,
of
sirup
and
we
not
the
length.
was
kind
or
flask.
region
ground
aMeanwhile
these,
share
may
which
asight
for
they
through
rich
the
sides
first
ato
floor
shell
bottles
good
free
into
neared
ridge
was
ridge.
them.
with
wide
of
there
and
by
of
one
land
dig
in
and
go
Iof
is
range
and
the
some
ofin
Iof
BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT PL. XIX

CHAPTER II. 11
The Seminole Indians of Florida

SEMINOLE DWELLING.
single
to
driven
From
we
from
I-ful-lo-ha-tcoâ——s
feet.
being
only
The
moved
several
weather
To
by
and
But
may
understand,
covered
Progressive
manâ——s
children,
house
upper
Besides
cause
â——camping
visiting
Ifar
conveyance
of
three
they
and,
through
the
without
tied
At
cover.
homes
animals
in
like
for
found
time.
being
the
asuspending,
from
all
take
the
himself
lower
edge
collection
nearly
mosquitoes.
while
to
single-roofed
Seminoleâ——s
fire
to
Koonti
not
cordially
At
half
the
turbaned
this
it
about
floor
saw-grass
are
appearance
equivalent
four
into
to
Florida
into
me,
families
great
the
two
temporarily
Household
order,
into
the
had
kitchen.
with
usually
pass
covered
the
of
hot
athe
secure
edges
one
description
I-ful-lo-ha-tcoâ——s
three
cypress
the
fit
difficult;
corner
afourth
the
ways
permanent
tangled
five
â——Key
25
some
ground
site
eaten
account
sun
size
balcony.
difficulty
split
unnoticed
502of
upper
offered
Horse
were
Seminole
Indianâ——s
ground
out,â——
Big
feet.
sheltered
over
of
are
burns
of
feet
inclosed
an
marsh
lodges
and
â——campingâ——
above
for
of
distance
sheds.
there
corner
all
cypress
posts.
the
board
what
Cypress
extra
utensils
gathered,
vegetation,
on
almost
The
those
house
leaves
and
where
in
Creek.
but
athe
their
house
three
the
to
in
roof.
He
room
near
West
home
Horse
in
no
height.
and
is
where
some
was,
conduct
one
climate
at
three
frequent
emerged
The
the
floor
supply
is
house,
houses,
Seminoleâ——s
are,
reaching
possesses
no
of
planks
outward
sweet
building.
from
the
length
one
all
houses
the
by
are
In
around
is
(Fig.
Swamp;
in
space
Billyâ——
the
or
needs.
privacy
for
lodges
accompanying
Creek
Ilong
innovations
of
open
houses
made
the
in
this
at
house.
This
noticed
it
entrance
sleeps,
usually
which
two
house
the
of
and
others.
of
course,
the
potatoes.
the
us
convenient
which
67.)
or
rains
we
from
Indians
501are
ago,
around
the
Koonti
sign
Southern
with
on
lower
serves
through
island
also
Islabs;
He
Seminole
of
were
furnished
building
the
in
secured
met
are
The
is
walled
placed
parties—one
is
â——campâ——
aall
one
and
white
suspended
the
Fort
has
these
This
indicated
the
were
into
much
has
palmetto
canopy
other
an
aalike,
sides
in
the
which
were.
rooms.
which
lodges,
The
one
house
on
flour,
fair
amarsh,
building
aerected
elevated
space
the
gone
Davenport.
double
shape
sketch
places.
the
difference
Florida
dry
cotton
in
at
surplus
open
built
Cat
having
which
dry
of
family,
simpler
it
example
is
lodges
and
with
three
water
the
These
of
garden,
with
because,
have
twenty-two
may
floor
the
constructed
footing
Outside,
Fish
the
leaves
further
above
or
from
as
like
and
thin
houses.
for
shows
camp
without
of
use,
cloths,
without
the
bed,
buildings
the
nothing
the
we
food
presence
corners
doors
seem
of
lately
and
there
forty-eight
above
and
Lake
lodges,
his
are
the
cotton
seems
the
of
cane
exception
temporary
which
as
the
and
stood
half
this
at
than
in
afrom
as
saw-grass
what
the
and
family,
he
owned
less
fly
The
atrunk
the
which
uprights
ais
and
rooms.
the
joists
Indians.
been
the
Iin
private
persons,
party
more
the
of
platform.
field
poor
of
has
understood
also
kind
any
of
to
cloth
placed
stand.
there.
general
of
sugar
the
is
comfortable
being
only
jungle
kind
logs.
interior
windows,
an
damp
have
afor
fifty
in
made
aIndians,
by
were
which
other
was
that
kind
wall
the
differed
would
prairie,
of
oblong
structures
stairway
Itor
shape
of
room
means
his
to
They
of
cane
Learning
Florida
During
is,
shaped
very
at
dwelling
been
lodge
Indians
on
calico,
household
the
in
or
located.
At
the
each
tent,
aupon
of
platform.
one,
clothing,
ain
are
consists
shelter
one
water
seem
the
Koonti
field.
Tus-ko-naâ——s
structure
at
and
an
partitions,
building
we
had
close
clearing,
fact,
camp.
from
made
by
than
to
extended
which
simply
stretched
Tak-o-si-mac-laâ——s
the
Indians.
excepting
some
the
ellipse,
woman
island,
which
of
made
entered
so
as
from
which
been
the
in
to
When
covered
Ionly
them
together
wet
Täl-la-häs-ke
those
their
general
close
awas
ground,
on
of
effects
and
The
use
This
be
upper
protection
like
itand
to
square
awhich
our
forced
one
the
and
account
season,
necessary.
floors,
athe
occupies
who
it
Four
throughout
sheet
aobliged
we
the
houses.
across
wading
use
over
of
covered
at
was
perhaps
wall
seems
straw
from
guide
Seminole
ground
wife
longer
after
style.
out
floor,
and
the
hand;
arrived
elevated
large
on
as
told
is
of
or
to
ridge
probably
stretched
and
camp,
tents
however,
of
aHorse
the
southern
perhaps
of
pronged
seemingly
these
and
hat.
oblong
leave
against
ato
Iwas
our
when
dwelling;
me,
There
and
platform.
clearing
use
had
but
Me-le,
tortuous
the
diameter
A
are
ceiling.
leave
building
be
poles
at
the
and
three
make
business,
shelter
had
platform
annoying
where
some
from
are
suddenly
camp
Creek,
their
the
sufficient
secured
cane
for
the
tribe,
for
in
are,
40
gnats
others
sticks
Indians
it
my
made
in
and
shore
privilege
shape,
and
when
any
In
is
way
by
awet
yet
the
time
The
the
fire.
Iat
field,
not
Ithe
30
isifwhite
onof

Fig. 67. Temporary dwelling.


generally,
503covered
Adjoining
werewith,
kept;
each
the
andof
leaves
between
theseoflodges
the
thepalmetto.
rafters
was a of
platform,
Upon
the lodges
and
breast
under
andhigh.
the
these,
forroofs,
personal
These
food,
also,
were
clothing,
use
many
made
and articles,
adornment,
and
of small
household
especially
poles
wereor
utensils,
stored.
sticks
those
HOME LIFE.
Having
temporary,
comparative
these
The
former
children
in
we
domestic
Tûs-ko-na,
not
But
labor
imitate
As
prevailing
his
machines.
work.
sometimes
bring
shoemakers,
are
other,
one
provided
every
that
the
Fish
since
ahave
ignorance
but
countenanced
let
Seminole
504lacks
result
Indians
of
home
the
fields.
Men
to
me
are
few
Lake
it.
Out
one.
now
the
and
seen,
women.
characteristics,
Seminole
Ifor
money
There
among
not
of
at
which
give
mean
domestic
deer
white
of
fields
Ordinarily
seen
prosperity
look
flour
In
Indians
ain
the
by
the
of
all
family
be
only
the
notorious
the
their
themselves
the
bountiful
and
is
cooking
children
domestic
only
misunderstood
the
or
after
among
all
it
man
makers,
and
diversified
but
Seminole
family
hunters,
occupies,
ways
the
in
turkeys,
Seminole
functions
family
formation
isthat,
nature
of
little
the
midwinter
and,
more
industrious.
material
loafer
an
the
apot
by
able
nature
preparation
cane
needs
industry
northern
in
Koonti
industrious
to
differentiation
further,
fishermen,
intercourse.
which
Seminole.
family,
than
offer
&c.;
domestic
or
we
describing
the
to
families;
which
atof
crushers
toasting
here.
with
or
as
are
labor
the
ahunt,
the
women
the
them
were
it
desires
sufficient
those
All
by
community.
both,
prepared
Big
might
may
would
sweet
which
Seminole
By
of
industry,
contribute
the
and
family
women
its
and
food
and
near
stick
him,
food
Cypress
south
aspend
husband
be
members
of
cheerfulness
for
Seminoleâ——s
herders,
be
potatoes
this
to
be
sirup
in
said
function
at
quantity
and
itto
and
life
its
economized.
obtain
expected
to
of
hand
is
abundance.
family
as
is
days
look
The
comfort.
their
Swamp,
to
the
women
but
boilers,
almost
the
the
Iand
but
work
have
belong
were
Indian
for
house,
that
at
in
Caloosahatchie
just
general
in
of
fact.
little
and
wife
agriculturists
and
its
fishing.
Tcup-koâ——s
that
either
clothes
necessarily
said,
may
who
which
for
all
wood
There
ishousehold
taken
Much
The
exclusively,
mutual
to
He
is
industry
are
and
held
we
gone,
me
welfare
not
the
be
are
comes
family
has
land
families
hewers
Both
should
is
money
is
both
ato
by
seen
of
household
capable
able
glance
possessed
enough
ano
confidence,
say
the
the
proprietors
good
Ifollows.
also.
River.
men
life.
comparative
to
of
or
labor
do
taking
to
that
find
and
purchases.
Indianâ——s
on
other
the
the
of
people
tribe.
not
do
at
of
IThe
hunting
and
clothing,
the
was
he
field.
bearers,
saving
home,
Yet,
the
comparative
so,
prosperity.
this,
by
mean
care
The
Indians
Each
women
is
northern
one
intimacy,
dwellings,
to
men
surprised
each
and
though
anor
But
disesteem
of
visit
prosperity.
ground
worker
Nor
but
or
hand,
the
worker
or
and
cultivators.
cattle
as
member
is
labor
shows
men
are
are,
not
persistent
the
and
need
well
he
camps
From
at
water
prosperity
to
and
by
tailors,
and
only
means
permanent
may
compelled
and
my
besides,
use
multiplying
is
does
men,
in
as
any
that
the
affection
The
wasted
these
of
fertile
not
visit
carriers.
are
horses.
which
women.
to
care
be
Moreover,
industry
aall
ever
and
laziness
or,
to
their
home
afamily.
not
found
laborers
to
various
kinds
get
loafer.
for
on
fields
rapid
through
hunger,
and
to
the
as
Men
of
profit.
There
the
it,
their
The
iswell
and
is
Cat
of
No
for
all
as
of
FOOD.
Read
within
flesh,
terrapin,
abundance.
by
turtles
grow
gather
pumpkins,
palmetto.
potato,
family
(black
of
something,
sirup,
wheat
These
ambitious
the
fare
themaize
the
at
nor
many
flour,
Indians
whites
from
and
reach
may
is
aany
called
small
bill
not
Among
have
to
red),
oysters.
and,
and
Of
supply
in
the
kinds
coffee,
time
of
increase
exhausted.
of
of
are
considerable
home
tuber
Ithe
something
if
swamps.
fare
cocoa
the
referred
venison,
Inot,
roots,
which
â——gopher,â——
itself
North
Equally
may
and
State,
from
found
reared
their
of
nuts,
there
salt,
classify
The
with
Their
teem
course,
to
Carolina
which
while
often
good,
little
in
well
the
quantity,
fowl,
cocoa
Seminole,
and
is
black
bananas,
in
vegetables
purchases
the
herds
opossum,
on
off
it
the
particularly
to
of
the
chickens,
plums,
with
Cherokee
eat.
the
great
swamp
are
Florida
inland
and
oforanges
seashore
and
various
living
vegetables,
Ithese
horses
have
dependence
from
sea
the
are
sometimes
land,
pork
waters
more
Indians
provident.
or
Indians
grapes,
chiefly
in
omitted
itcanned
(sour
the
and
they
awhenever
make
and
than
perennial
of
the
Lake
cattle
may
and
peanuts
in
can
sweet
Florida,
now
of
rabbit
they
from
tender
hominy
delicacies,
Irespect
these
select,
Superior
was
sweet),
get
wild
and
and
they
are
potatoes,
summer,
the
and
many
in
told,
new
especially
Indians,
their
plums.
then
willing
and
to
above
and
wish
great
squirrel,
limes,
whose
Chippewa.
grains,
growth
forms
numbers
flour,
make
compare
505large
it.
is
quantities.
And
list
to
the
however,
never
lemons,
Of
of
attractive
use.
occasionally
vegetables,
and
from
of
honey
of
abounding
with
and
the
wild
edible
of
the
with
Here
Of
all
at
large
the
much
chickens
even
aguavas,
fowl,
Of
tree
and
the
fish,
that
loss
that
white
is
labels
marine
fruits,
bass,
rice
the
called
this
praised
aroots,
Koonti;
they
duck,
bear,
when
the
list
pineapples,
and
sugar
man,
they
enumeration
catch
called
scanty
the
of
life,
are
can
and
the
and
quail,
he
swine.
melons
their
also
need
Seminole
beginning
of
cane
catch
especially
cabbage
their
seeks
fruits.
aâ——troutâ——
salt
supplies
land
the
and
meats:
they
juice
grapes
eyes.
myriads
and
pork,
wild
They
the
turkey
to
and
Of
bill
bein
CAMP FIRE.
Entering
gathers
household.
where
told;
the
length,
directly
they
Beds
place
platform,
sleeper
during
fire
household
serve
by
and
where
the
most
and
may
gives,
isinward
its
the
bedding
or,
the
social
as
side
It
are
one
wish.
of
more
when
pillows,
is
camp
for
economy.
the
laid,
as
the
toilets
chooses
intercourse
itthe
are
If
interior,
year,
made
place
is
fire.
with
a especially
often
inner
of
cover
areThis
the
far
This
in
to
some
where
made
the
the
so
lie.
ends
canopy
less
of
isisfire
small
intimate
used,
the
regularity,
lodge,
It
never
the
and
account
for
are
is
isfamily,
food
or
generally,
old
somewhat
household
that
consumed.
itlarge
on
mosquito
is,
home
men
to
is
its
palmetto
as
around
and
prepared,
the
except
heat
aand
life
rule,
however,
of
singularly
Seminole
duties
The
bar.
is
women
the
aofleaves.
onalmost
only
center,
the
outer
family
and
aare
cool
Seminole,
achosen
wishing
family
where,
performed,
constructed;
thin
It
ends
imperceptible,
like
is
with
night,
blanket
pillowless,
the
of
under
than
by
their
to
the
one
but
radii
day,
take
the
not
logs
the
or
friends,
itobserves
of
is
itcamp
afternoon,
necessarily
abut
sheltering
and
logs
make
ais
sheet
ofcircle.
always
because
unceasing
has
is
used
fire.
that
excellent
of
enjoyed.
covering
These
cotton
The
naps.
for
roof
preparing.
the
on
ofitaccount
bed
interest
its
center
on
are
logs
There
cloth,
seats;
central
or
the
isof
not,
are
often
about
Itelevated
considerable
to
of
sometimes
besides,
the
ispushed
as
position
the
the
story
only
which
the
warmth
place
the
isin
it
MANNER OF EATING.
Next
prepared
chairs.
gathers
or
contained
wooden
The
it
and,
appetite.
meat.
abekettle
happens
fewer
said
Seminole,
holding
with
in
The
Aabout
for
the
importance
spoon,
of
Not
there.
good
the
in
kettle
that
its
center
the
the
it506
piece
eating
meal.
in
however,
he
sized
members
There
from
kettle,
and
one
has
seldom,
ofof
to
This,
in
their
kettle,
big
the
hand,
is
ameat
the
aeach,
side
nothing
spoon
Seminole
porridge
though
ofplaced
camp
group
too,
in
containing
the
eats,
of
extracts,
one
he
venison
stand
household
fire
very
observing
and
while
inin
rises
hand
household,
some
in
the
that
always
formal
with
the
stewed
with
during
roasting
and
pot.
much
convenient
in
life
meal
his
athe
ready
in
abit
therefore,
of
the
meat
sitting
fingers
of
that.
other
before
times
the
of
their
night
for
Koonti
and
The
Seminole
spot
posture.
hand
or
those
with
the
eating
and
vegetables,
except
Indians
his
on
fire,
each,
or
some
breaks
who
knife,
the
is
of
Ifhousehold
he
that
done
all
different
ground
do
in
at
regularity,
will
ahis
that
turn,
any
is
not
when
piece
without
the
sleep
cut
set
they
moment
near
supplies
naturally
center
bread
its
of
from
a eats
by
have
table
members
meat
the
reference
eating
in
itaround
may
just
fire,
himself,
to
at
or
or
the
comes
any
eat
lay
as
ahunger.
isaother,
eat
bone
his
to
piece
surrounded
which,
at
dishes
time
the
together
by
one
that
appetite
with
satisfy
means
There
eating
during
ofanother.
time
the
and
the
meat
family
they
arrange
his
invites.
by
is
roasting
of
the
little
more
on
awhat
make
day
great
it,to
Ifis

SEMINOLE DWELLINGS—I-FUL-LO-HA-TCOâ——S HOUSE. 12


The Seminole Indians of Florida

AMUSEMENTS.
But
itself.
amusements
of
with
houses
piece
â——hide
build
play
earth
Through
would
the
Iâ——a
well
home.
master
self-assertion
Seminole
and
need
the
deer
kill
her
affectionate.
one
one
adjusted
asmall
aof
Especially
white
only
bit
To
call
without
for
â——merry-go-round.â——
dance.â——
children
small
sees
land
skin.
day
them
of
household
the
their
and
â——teetotums.â——
tubers
add
manâ——s
cloth
the
the
sitting
and,
and
mother
in
The
birds,
they
seek.â——
being
that
dolls
opposition
little
seek
family
among
observed
sticking
about
wrapped
four
had
near
the
and
isbelongs
and
aSeminole
first
cheerful,
children
tyrant;
thrust
at
relations
as
an
the
on
aname
home,
to
blades
dried
They
of
inch
about
to
that
returning
children,
know
the
atheir
sharp
the
peculiar
them
had
were
home
in
deer
its
use
not
among
Indianâ——s
it,
of
mother
These,
diameter
and
parents:
members
invented
sticks
or
grass
the
Carrying
only
â——camps.â——
keeping
skin,
say
various
life
something
todomestic
dancing
the
by
they
is
do
working
goes
into
of
which
consequently,
afound
various
athe
or
are
sports
subject
aquick
ahave
the
on
child.
dozen
received.
small
will
rope,
thickness
mutually
lay
importance
that
ground,
without
on
and
been
are
members
twirl
before
of
without
The
the
stick,
or
serves
manufacture
sleeping
indulged
the
more
â——turkey-hunting.â——
Boys
roots
Ibetween
there
Seminole
confiding,
discord.
name
of
obtained
actual
they
them
just
afrom
being
of
of
take
of
match
is
and
it
the
say
in.
these
as
astiff
no
lord
the
aher
The
kind
atheir
awell
ahas
eating,
Indian
Iâ——corn
they
and,
constraint
â——see-saw,â——
slave;
took
and
list
palms
and
of
connection
things
father
aof
bows
as
the
of
carry
doll,
in
twice
resonant.
some
grass
family
but
this.
the
them
the
of
household.
going.
isand
i.e.,
aalso
the
field.â——
in
children
as
Indianâ——s
beyond
The
trouble
and
rifle.
which
family
with
in
long,
arrows
hands,
aengaged
They
The
Florida
children
bundle
called
Children
I her
noticed
question
to
making
have
The
might
sport
intercourse.
had
were
and
play
learn
gens,
They
â——deer-food.â——
of
are,
in
father
not
build
taken
way,
sit
go
they
as
rags,
â——leap
amusing
set
some
what
but
as
have
master
around
yet
into
well
to
is
little
intimate
called
afrom
aboth
learned
rule,
spinning
The
children
the
we
the
stick
the
bein
athat
the
bushes
she
game
frog,â——
so
small
his at
onof a
507

THE SEMINOLE GENS.


andthis
Of
little
After
gens eight
to
definite
I was
larger
which
Seminole
enabled
knowledge.
body
each of Indian
now
tokindred,
make
inWhat
whose
Florida
myexisting,
few
inquiry
name
are
factsdivided
Ias
understood,
had
I secured
I could
received
intosee,
are
the
I sought
belonged.
here
in
following
very
placed
todistinct
learn
As
gentes
onthe
from
record.
form
result,
andmyamong
inIrespondent
the
foundfollowing
thethat
Seminole,
the
thenumbers:
name
twoI hundred
gained
of the but
1. Wind gens 21
2. Tiger gens 58
3. Otter gens 39
4. Bird gens 41
5. Deer gens 18
6. Snake gens 15
7. Bear gens 4
8. Wolf gens 1
9. Alligator gens 1
Unknown gentes 10
Total 208
I endeavored,
◗Po-ha-po-hûm-ko-sin;◗
Examining
house.â——
exception,
thirty-seven
one
with
camp,
and
At
was
however,
the
gens.
going
told
a as
number
Bigby
properly
another
The
to
which
Cypress
my
one
Seminole
the
also,
camp
of
table
of
camp
may
unmarried
order
he
the
to
Swamp
at
to
should.
learn
not,
families
Wind
of
Miami
find
appears
his
after
the
Iwhether
relatives.
clan
wifeâ——s
tried
Lately
isare
name
to
all,
anthat
to
have
divided
apparent
prove
Tiger
or
the
discover
the
they
Anot
been
best
Wolf
Indians
kindred,
to
himself
are
is
theexception.
be
translation
established.
athe
has
graded
word
camp
anuse
comparative
his
married
has
exception,
as
for
in
wife
in
married
translated
which
There
Igens
the
can
has
one
following
or
each
give
Little
all
taken
rank
an
ofclan,
the
describes
Little
Otter,
ofor
Tiger,
up
persons
the
and
dignity
order.
her
Tigerâ——s
but,
name
twenty-two
was
ahome
the
rather
instead
At
but
of
told
is
fact,
the
the
the
â——Those
with
that
important
northernmost
of
Ivarious
sisters
husbands
camps
notice
his
leaving
it ispeople.
and
into
that,
clans.
personage,
of
are
his
lives
which
one
with
camp,
relatives
members
In camp
in
reply,
but
the
the
lives
one
or
Iof
Big Cypress Northernmost camp.
camp.
1. The Wind. 1. The Tiger.
2. The Tiger. 2. The Wind.
3. The Otter. 3. The Otter.
4. The Bird. 4. The Bird.
5. The Deer. 5. The Bear.
6. The Snake. 6. The Deer.
7. The Bear. 7. The Buffalo.
8. The Wolf. 8. The Snake.
9. The Alligator.
10. The Horned Owl.
This
Iâ——Tallahasseeâ——
The
by
organization,
certain
Of
of
own
case,
gentes
amhis
some
the
gens
gens.
second
not
were
own
characteristics
as
rights
altogether
tribes
isSo
such
members
clan,
â——a
order
and
far
are
through
that
as
duties.
for
was
the
sure
group
duogamy
of
the
many
of
contesting
given
one
the
that
Indian.
the
children
ofmother
purposes
gens.
gentes
the
relatives
toprevails
me
The
Alligator
participants.
belong
I and
understand
of
byBuffalo
isthe
tracing
one
now
by
theexclusively
Florida
clan
others
of
basis
among
and
the
aalso
508 common
of
the
through
Bird
Seminole,
the
that
has
governmental
Horned
togens
Florida
not
the
there
lineage
the
mother,
disappeared.
and
IOwl
father.â——
are
know
Indians,
byto
certain
clans
organization.â——
one
some
and
onlywho
Iseem
that
games
observed
that
remote
â——The
calls
by
now
a man
birth
inancestor.
himself
which
to
that
may
they
be
gens
To
both
extinct
men
not
the
distinctively
are
is
This
the
the
marry
gens
members
selected
in
lineage
wives,
grand
Florida,
belong
a woman
from
ain
unit
of
is every
traced
also
her
and
of social
FELLOWHOOD.
In this
â——Fellowhoodâ——
life
the other
friends,
connection
from
â——more
all harm.â——
I maythan
among
say that
brothers,â——
them.
if I was
Major
understood
confiding
Powell thus
inwithout
mydescribes
inquiries
reserve
this
theeach
institution:
Seminole
in the other
have
â——Two
also
and protecting
theyoung
institution
men
each
agree
of to be
THE SEMINOLE TRIBE.

TRIBAL ORGANIZATION.
Thethe
of
consequently
form
Cat
with
as
Corn
â——Tallahassee
nearly
Fish
Florida
the
of
Dance
past
Fish
government,
others.
Lake
the
was
Eating
Seminole,
may
whole
left
and
much
Tcup-ko
take
in
Indiansâ——
Creek,
Cow
of
ato
broken
comparatively
place
the
considered
which
Creek
calls
Big
population
atup
Cypress,
his
the
settlements
through
gopeople
three
inhabitants
astodisorganized
ato
Fish
tribe,
and
last
the
wars
â——Tallahassee
live
Eating
Miami
Indian
named
have
of
with
inataaCreek
condition.
people.
Territory,
least
the
settlements
large
very
United
the
if
imperfect
measure
Ithey
Indians.â——
three
learned,
There
the
States.
and
desire
few
southern
independent
organization.
not
is,moreover,
Indians
These
however,
toattake
those
He
settlements
wars
remaining
says
part
of
that
of
among
The
having
or
the
in
that
the
without
the
complete
north.
submit.
they
ceremony
these
in
festival.
ended
Florida
are
civil
The
Indians
The
tribal
in
notconnection
the
of
were
people
â——the
the
society
atransfer
simple
Green
of sameâ——
SEAT OF GOVERNMENT.
So far
and
medicine
settlement,
upon big
the
asmedicine
affairs
there
man.
annually,
is
These
ofaman
common
the
atwo
tribe.
of
council,
areseat
509 called
the
composed
ofSeminole,
government,
the Tus-ta-nûg-ul-ki,
ofTûs-ta-nûg-ge,
minor
it ischiefs
located
from
oratâ——great
Fish
and
the various
his
Eating
brother,
heroesâ——
Creek,
settlements,
HÅ—s-pa-ta-ki,
where of
meets
reside
the tribe.
and
the
also
passes
head
Ata this
chief
TRIBAL OFFICERS.
settlements,
What
addition
thetoofficial
what
except
Iorganization
have
at the
just
onewritten,
on
of Cat
theonly
tribe
Fishthat
Lake.
is I there
doThese
notare
know.
were
several
My
classified
Indians
respondent
as
with
follows:
could
official
nottitles,
tell me.
living
I learned,
at each in
of the
Settlements Chief and War chiefs Little chiefs Medicine men.
medicine man.
Big Cypress Swamp 2 2 1

AMUSEMENTS. 13
The Seminole Indians of Florida

Miami River 1 1
Fish Eating Creek 1 1
Cow Creek 2
Total 1 3 2 5
NAME OF TRIBE.
I made
Seminole
â——a
me
â——Seminoleâ——
true
men.â——
and
appropriate
no
the
I-yuk-sa,
renegades.
Seminole.
several
coward.â——
Big
they
Kän-yuk-sa
to
Cypress
â——pointâ——
the
reject.
efforts
This
Indians
people
same
Swamp
In
qualities,
to
Ko-nip-ha-tco
their
discover
gone
there,
isIndian
their
call
own
Arkansas
they
or
and
themselves
word
informed
the
â——tip,â——
language
that
say,
said,
tribal
for
the
Seminole.â——
isâ——Me
what
me
name
â——Tallahassee
it
Indians
◗Kän-yuk-sa
means
that
weby
i.e.,
the
know
who
no
which
â——a
point
people
Sem-ai-no-le;
had
He
asthese
Florida.
of
wanderer,â——
meant
gone
Indians.â——
south
ground,
Indians
Is-ti-tca-ti,â——
west
that
of
ItSeminole
the
isor
at
timidity
now
composed
peninsula.
the
Caloosahatchie
and,
designate
bidding
cow,
and
i.e.,
when
offlight
AtSeminole
of
◗Kän-yuk-sa
I-kan-a,
themselves.
the
used
the
River,
from
northern
Government
asâ——ground,â——
deer,
adanger
atterm
Miami
The
camps
Seminole
of
are
name
were
reproach,
red
the rabbit;
the
name
510

CHAPTER III.

SEMINOLE TRIBAL LIFE.


We maybeen
already
relations
religion, now
and
of these
the
thrown
look
like.
Indians.
at on
thethis
life
But
subject
ofthere
the Seminole
by
arethe
other
preceding
in
matters
its broader
descriptions
to be considered,
relations
of to
thethe
as,
personal
for
tribal
example,
organization.
characteristics
industries,
Some
and
arts,
social
light has
INDUSTRIES.

AGRICULTURE.
Soil.
Corn.
Prominent
excellent
other
single
swamps
cleared
suited
soil
carry
to
they
and
Danceâ——
hominy
flour.â——
that
From
or
producers
â——camping
we
provide
my
crushing
at
is
there
the
must
already
guessed,
511 Sugar
Tommyâ——sâ——
agriculture
Indians,
—The
this
wholly
bladed
to
this
companion,
—The
of
and
cylinders
and
the
land
is
flour
make
trees,
of
much
time
among
This
only
the
of
climate,
prairies
ground
is
mentioned.
perhaps
hoe
without
chief
fields
under
seventeen
what cane.
celebrated.
ait
cane.
outâ——
special
vines,
of
against
Imeal
acake
is
common
of
the
do
Capt.
pure
profit
product
eaten
of
they
Iawhich,
of
and
the
not
The
heard
industries
gravel,
rude
is
underbrush,
from
Southern
provision,
white
the
made,
F.
feet
produced
They
finest
select
know.
keep
to
and
in
juice
—Another
When
sugar
on
A.
sort
of
described
themselves.
however,
future.
one
great
or
stones,
residue.
making
the
Hendry,
their
had
after
weeds
sugar
which,
was
is
of
more
Iisto
field
Florida.
the
am
generally
southern
quantities.
their
cultivation.
agriculture.
by
left
&c.,
four
But,
agriculture
having
caught
corn
or
under
product
cane
in
from
awere
Iand
as
This
is
their
of
slow
met
improvidence
rocks.
acres
one
length.
as
Itan
said
There,
Myers,
ripens,
eating
seems
grown
they
the
plantation.
been,
in
so
the
is
in
â——exceedingly
the
homes
has
and
Then
of
to
in
various
then
loosely
the
To
It
The
growing
impression,
is
To
forty-eight
have
be
their
but
extent.
is
with
tedious
sirup.
strained
to
ahad
in
corn.
each
interiors
reduced
it
soft,
quantity
obtain
Florida
that
very
be
America;
to
is
no
agriculture
aever
kinds
is
adjusted
However,
plant
cultivated
family
that
This
The
soil
they
The
vegetation,
black,
season
pleasant
not
process.
was
the
seen.
Indians
of
by
however,
the
unsurpassed
of
cane
followed
only
becomes
corn,
might
sirup
the
but
belong,
boiled
mortar
and
it
iron
beautiful
that
annual
inIt
is
nothing
is
to
which
agricultural
more
people
rich,
The
they
sweet
the
was
very
laid
have
the
and
that
full
the
until
that
by
edible
and
year
by
corn
festival
hammocks
are
Indians
sugar
two
as
aside
taste.
tin
half
he
fertile.
had
meal,
brought
apotatoes,
in
of
serious
more
right
they
apestle
pleasuring
the
not
may
wholly
vessels,
fertility
is
the
inches
passing
the
been
in
cane.
and
implement
hulled
proper
wise
white
called
do
of
had
than
the
Big
To
gather
juice
to
consequences.
one
gradually
use
grown
not
melons,
which
unproductive
or
what
months
In
an
kettles,
constructed
and
Cypress
enough
luxury.
this
and
as
hundred
the
for
more
was
consistency
and
growing
attempt
almost
athe
needing
extent
is
manifold
there
athe
â——Green
abound
they
agreement
lost
few
required.
or
of
pails,
in
finest
used
It
to
Swamp
germ
any
impalpable
May
diameter,
was
to
have
or
in
make
was
this
the
weeks
two
only
and
grow
more
the
in
and
wheat
thing
was
return.
at
cut
Indians
the
and
they
is
the
rude
settlement
it
process
for
â——Old
with
to
cans,
the
Corn
together,
out,
reached.
enough
aacres
largest
form
June
else
and,
be
are
source
which
mills,
dust.
The
so
and
the
of
of
asI

Fig. 68. Sugar cane crusher.


Atiskettles,
in
had
several
as
slow
clean
drink.
potatoes
The
chestnut.
were
It
primitive.
banana
seen
holders
the
been
not
sugar
how
leakage
made
so
looking
Itime
deer
plants.
tasted
necessary
loosely
and,
purchased
well
large
It
cane
of
of
we
is,
skins,
the
from
dipping
and
live
some
When
off,
were
however,
mill
and
set
sirup.
served
oak;
to
that
them.
so
into
small,
at
of
was
at
speak
itfar
them
Myers.
the
the
They
had
isthe
aas
â——Key
deserving
in
remembered
poor
sirup
and
camp
driving
in
been
into
cylinders
this
awere
silver
particular
Of
inimitation
the
fruit
also,
taken
quite
special
cans
filled
cogs
of
sweet
gold
West
is
that
eating
mention
abearing
that
as
concerned,
were
of
quantity
with
lined
interest
of
nearly
IBillyâ——
liquid,
the
acould
aithundred
the
cut
machine
Indian
culture
cup
the
that
whole
to
of
sweet
ate
from
take
labels
of
these
the
me
the
them.
fashion,
spotless
offered
bananas
of
them
athe
Seminole
as
was
stuff,
sirup
much
Indians
sweet
ofpossible
Indians
The
well
aout
had
and
me
platform
i.e.,
brilliancy.
are
harder
potatoes,
potato
with
known
are.
some
have
been
the
not
Ihad
from
pared
thumb
ground
wood,
an
itself
around
made.
near
seen
ofBoston
the
beans,
overlarge
Itthe
some
made
the
and
bodies
among
tastes
the
beneath
It
their
512boiling
stood
melons,
and
of
forefinger.
mastic,
asomewhat
cane
their
welcome
yield
of
the
houses
New
was
around
the
whites.
place,
juice
small
I&c.
for
York
was
animals,
well
at
(Fig.
one
At
and
to
like
the
least
on
boiled
told;
covered
Its
packers,
drink.
best
plant,
68.)
delicious
which
boiling
acylinders
aand
boiled
and
thousand
itwild
It
is
it
utilized
by
these
lay
which
was
place
very
isa
HUNTING.
Methods
Next
game
arrow
long,
is
sees
use
A
only
arms,
1;
sixty
raises
head
appearing
the
walking
Indian
Iaccidental
trustworthy.
Otter
bow
one
sought
preferred
few
revolvers,
bird.
of
of
the
and
one
is
in
yards
heavy,
hunting
and
his
are
the
breech
them
threw
about
to
Theyof
importance
white
near
arrow.
among
head.
no
the hunting.—The
prepared
found
to
nor
discover
by
by
to
Ismall
them
2longer
Horse
to
Indians
is
loading
venture
man
their
remarkable.
leave
513total,
our
many
They
Lately
another
be
them,
that
his
as
bore
guide
lifted.
so
cartridge.
method
as
Creek
used
how
small
74.
they
to
stumps
say
ramrod
have
rifles
twenty-five
seldom
an
and
the
even
â——Kentuckyâ——
of
to
many
for
that
industry
They
own,
game,
with
Indians
the
that
only
purchase
are
ofhunting
or
the
among
they
and
rapidly
Seminole
deer
is
owned
of
stand
trees.
Ka-tca-la-ni,
Seminole
to
modern
such
aâ——Kentuckyâ——
of
hundred
lives
are
have
seek
combination
the
the
purposes
for
side
They
nearing
able
as
inso
in
Seminole
heard
birds
tribe
him
industries.
improved
birds,
the
always
to
order
far
to
as
lure
the
atribe.
six
discover
somewhere
(if
from
and
of
him
rifle.
except
covey
to
turkeys
to
animal.
of
otter
it
the
hunt
the
annually
billed
The
find
may
while
weapons
shot
trading
This
trap.
of
children.
by
traps
their
by
shot
it.
be
within
quail
gun
They
one.
rifles,
animal
the
is
heWhen
near
certain
For
so
posts
economical
kill,
for
game
is
gun
with
smaller
which
He
called)
whirred
believe
this
feeding,
ashooting
One
use
63;
but
has
we
correct
is
that
appeared
movements
rifle.
on
purpose
much
breech
in
carry
could
day,
left
been
children.
foot.
is
he
the
that
out
Iand
hunting.
of
Horse
estimate.
distance
is
made
while
disliked
fixed
Cat
pursued
get
of
powder
They
loading
they
not
to
they
standing
the
regard
Fish
on
no
The
willing
aCreek,
some
ammunition.
can
use
can
careful
Southern
grass.
the
number
by
by
with
and
Lake
rifles,
rifles
thus
the
an
approach
this
part
perfectly
the
ofato
lead,
By
imitation
the
request
our
rifle.
count
camp.
deceive
are
Seminole.
feat
be
8;
of
which
Florida
arifle
shot
party
the
confined
and
almost
quick
The
as
The
astill
ofdeer
was
neither
and
deer
Ifor
gun
the
their
of
Seminole
can
were
bow
abounds
jerk
when
There
all
the
this
made
with
deer,
when
and
to
to
call
fire
the
and
the
calls
within
the
reason
he
rifle,
the
is
by
the
inof
FISHING.
Fishing
But
One
arrow.
itmorning
is isa common
alsosome
a profitable
practice
boys brought
industry.
amongmethem
For
a bass,
this
to kill
weighing
thethe
hook
fishand
perhaps
with
line
bow
sis
areand
pounds,
often
arrow,
used;
which
and
some
one
in this
also
of they
them
use the
are
hadspoon
quite
shot skillful.
with
hook.an
STOCK RAISING.
Stocktoraising,
more,
hundred
now
Creek, are
and
bechickens.
owned
developing.
I judge
in abysmall
The
that
members
Ilatter
between
found
way,are
may
of
there
thirty-five
of
thebe
an
twenty
tribe
called
excellent
and
and
horses.
a that
Seminole
forty
breed.
the
I of
was
Seminole
At
these
industry.
told
Catanimals
that
Fish
probably
Ithere
Lake
found
areare
an
now
possess
that
twelve
unusual
at
in least
possession
ahorses
thousand
interest
fiftyatcattle,
in
of
Fish
swine
horses
theEating
and
tribe.
andseems
probably
five
KOONTI.
The they
Koonti
Bermuda
commerce
Florida
Miami
prepared
carried
process,
and unique
and
on
is
inas
were
and
arrowroot.
awhich
by
has
Isaw
root
industry,
watched
served
the
laid
been
another
containing
the
whites,
inrecognized
with
Koonti
White
in
heaps
it at
the
near
produces
milk
Horse
amen
more
near
isOrlando.
large
made
and
by
call
the
Creek,
limited
percentage
athe
guava
â——Koonti
far
into
it Iwhites.
the
ate
finer
was
sense
ajelly,
â——Indian
flour
ofthis:
flour
aof
There
of
itKoonti
for
starch.
The
was
the
log.â——
than
the
are
word,
roots
delicious.
pudding
bread
white
that
Itnow
iswere
of
which
said
at
root,â——
manâ——s
the
least
at
As
gathered,
toSeminole
Miami,
the
might
yield
two
Indians
and
afactories
market.
be
and
the
starch
issupposed,
lately
manufacture.
the
earth
canequal
Imaking
in
say
was
its
was
operation
worth
that,
the
to
atwashed
that
one
ofKoonti
as
The
as
the
it
such
of
in
an
was
Indian
Koonti
from
the
Southern
article
industry,
factory
best
there
them,
flour.
ofatas

TRIBAL OFFICERS. 14
The Seminole Indians of Florida

Fig. 69. Koonti log.


The
square
was
to serve
Koonti
theatproperty
asthe
mortars,
log,
top,so
of
their
called,
some
a pestle
sides
one
was
made
ofthe
514 the
sloping
of
trunk
squaws
some
of
downward
hard
aor
large
of
wood
the
pine
tochildren
had
atree,
point,
been
inof
had
which
furnished.
thebeen
camp.
a number
cut
(Fig.
For
sideeach
69.)
ofbyholes,
side.
of the
about
Each
holes,
of
nine
which
these
inches
holes
were

Fig. 70. Koonti pestles.


The
into
mortar
aroot
vessel
first
small
hadwere
made
been
step
pieces
then
in
pounded
ofthe
bark.
and
laid
process
filling
upon
the whole
awas
with
small
toitmass
reduce
platform.
one was
of the
taken
Each
mortars
washed
toworker
the
Koonti
and
creek
pounding
hadto
near
a aplatform.
kind
byit and
with
of pulp.
When
thoroughly
a pestle.
This
a sufficient
The
was
saturated
contents
donequantity
by
with
chopping
of the
water
of theinit

Fig. 71. Koonti mash vessel.


515 The pulp was then washed in a straining cloth, the starch of the Koonti draining
suspended
into a deer
below.
hide

KOONTI. 15
The Seminole Indians of Florida

Fig. 72. Koonti strainer.


When
sediment
and
factory
passed
Improved
The
unpleasant
fermentation.
spread
Koonti
the
through
at in
Miami
starch
appliances
to
upon
bread,
the
the
several
water
had
palmetto
substantially
taste.
as been
for
Iinsaw
successive
Itthe
the
was
leaves
thoroughly
itdeerskin
manufacture
among
saltless.
thistofermentations,
process
dry.
the
left
washed
ItsWhen
Indians,
to
yellow
are
isferment.
followed,
used
from
dried,
color
was
thereby
by
the
After
itof
the
was
mass
was
the
awhite
making
bright
some
chief
owing
athe
yellowish
man.
latter
days
variation
orange
ittopurer
the
the
was
white
color,
fact
sediment
and
from
thrown
that
whiter
flour,
and
itthe
being
away,
rather
was
ready
flour
than
taken
that
and
insipid,
the
had
forthe
the
Indian
from
use.
had
starchy
though
516In
but
the
product.
Koonti
the
one
water
not is
INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS.
The following
what is approximately
is a summary
true ofofthese
the results
at the present
of the industries
time: now engaged in by the Florida Indians. It shows
Acres under cultivation 100
Corn raised bushels 500
Sugarcane gallons 1,500
Cattle number 50
owned
Swine do. 1,000
Chickens do. 500
Horses do. 35
Koonti bushels 5,000
Sweet potatoes do. ...
Melons number 3,000

INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS. 16
The Seminole Indians of Florida

ARTS.

INDUSTRIAL ARTS.
Utensils
Weapons.—They
Weaving
Uses
In the
centuries,
religion,
some
these
pots.
pottery
even
made
hunting
long
by
every
single
twisted
are,
clothing
basket
protecting
of
and
the
like of
manufacture
tree
leaves
reference
the
artistic
tree
arrow
from
as
to
that
knives
small the
Gradually,
Indians
of
male
leaves
piece
adults,
durable
theand and
amakers.
whatever
deer
is
knives,
the
rule,
stone.
of and
language,
which
while
aFlorida
is
the palmetto.—In
impulse,
articles
the
in
very
they implements.—The
utensils,
of
to
rawhide; basket
remarkable.
bedding
flat
and
to
tipped
for
the
body
water
chestnut;
the
mulberry
Even
From
hatchets,
see
ittherefore,
they
baskets
nutritious
dress
in
the
tribe
has
Indians.
way
of
manners,
use
from
that
Iwith
their
tight
bark the
its
or
andmaking.—The
implements,
purposes
could,
the
found
are
earthenware,
the
not
timber,
over
in
among
swamp
supplied
axes,
the
aarrows
which,
furnishes
word
led
roofs
the
From
continue
and
sharp
other
texture
twelve
iron
were
little
and
dampness
sieves
them
art
chop
of
and,
the
palatable
for
are
kettle
cane,
the
are
customs,
to
elastic
hunting.
the
conical
itof
weapons,
by
Florida
is
preferring
years
stone,
to
necessary,
made
add
for
them
meat,
the
making
trunk
of
Seminole
fabrics
crisp
adopt
and
this
of
domestic
special
cane
of
use
to
wood
article
of
roll
with
the
for
â——Tcat-to,â——
etc.
the
has,
of
what
sometimes
Indians.
connection
like
age
&c.,
of
517the
pottery
and
manufactured
the
white
proximity
of
tin
ground
weave
and
material
the
The
use
nevertheless,
Indians
that
white
of
to
sheet
Iof
houses;
tree
service.
instead,
have
Seminole
bow
provide
food,
is
in
They
man
rifle
the
hard
of
died
from
the
cloth
their
are
iron.
manâ——s
from
our
Ialready
have
strangers.
and
from
of
call
serves
was
to
wood
frames
with
out
neither
made;
Iron
celery
this
four
homes,
himself
be
for
The
by
arrow,
the
are
attention
met
induced
which
better
among
eaten
the
implements
white
has
clothing;
people
and
placed
them
to
covering
skill
not
the
and
make
necessities
stalk.
For
leaves
six
civilization
knives
been
but
with
vary
in
now
they
tough
either
them,
of
men.
platforms
much
them
feet
to
example,
every
to
on
no
nor
the
applied
athe
in
weavers.
make
the
their
of
record.
longer
nearly
rifle.
in
fiber
They
raw
likewise
and
length
purchase
to
better.
young
the
inestimable
tender
way
for
Europeans
length;
appropriate
lodges
in
twine
or
of
now,
stalk
The
it
which
invention
to
are
matters
two
for
than
baked;
was
their
from
men
Their
Itiron.
new
have
in
bow,
the
seems
it.
of
as
and
feet
are
their
easy
alies
in
houses
They
two
the
Ifor
growth
bowstring
They
purposes
small
few
value
of
its
believe,
covered
supplanted
rope
as
in
the
for
and
between
to
fan
own
for
the
government,
to
taste
length.
now
wants
no
their
use
be
purchase
way,
of
four
have
are
the
palmetto,
last
atlonger
earthenware
customary
the
great
is
made,
of
there
and
of
the
made;
ancestors
own
isfor
three
feet;
somewhat
the
however,
With
expressed
the
war,
those
palmetto
made
top
beds
strength
is
buy
stems
hoes,
use
bow
is
they
of
they
these
or,
no
of
aof
its
for
of

Fig. 73. Mortar and pestle.


Mortar
Canoe
Fire
from
and
this heamaking.—The
furnished
diameter.
of
means
those
Seminole,
the
Tigerâ——
quantity
mastic
common making.—Canoe
and
forefinger
at of
the
of
log
soon
the
of pestle.—The
transportation.
wood,
One
by
same
unless
of
gunpowder.
showed
others
made
Ma-tci
the
live
end
oftime
the
trader.
the
at
oak
aof
by
the
corn
fire
(matches)
me
giving
left
the
water.
(?)
starting
This
Close
how
among
The
hand,
log
is
wood,
reduced
toThe
is
he
art
Indian
beside
the
of
astill
hollowed
of
the
builds
of
ordinarily
bit
canoe
the
left
the
making
fire
pitch
the
to
of
settlements
home
civilized
the
sacred
hand
ahominy
paper.
making
best
isfire
paper
pine
out
what
made
about
isamill
when
fire
to
still
quick
In
chippings
man
or
he
by
is
quite
are
the
they
mortar
two
for
one
to
known
held
simple
away
or
upward
all
folds
the
the
afeet
have
of
by
so
also
depth,
impalpable
and
he
from
Green
their
steel
as
of
friction
situated
inin
had
amovement,
apestle
the
length
piece
which
â——dugout,â——
industrial
home.
and
and
Corn
previously
paper
isin
that
flint,
has
of
and
flour
now,
to
He
this,
Dance.
flint.
he
the
not
grind
from
he
arts,
powder
held,
of
poured
Iby
inhabitants
yet
ignited
prepared.
believe,
Striking
which
A
their
the
fifteen
crumpled
been
fire
and
hammering
canoe
from
corn.
made
the
Iisneglected
supplanted
have
this
to
paper.
now
powder
his
twenty
being
The
518between
from
flint
spoken.
powder
kindled
of
â——Tom
mortar
of
their
with
one
the
among
and
inches
by
a the
pestle
cypress
can
(Fig.
horn
any
paper.
achief
either
isbit
thumb
the
in
made
reach
utensil
73.)
aof
made
by
small
From
log.
steel

Fig. 74. Hide stretcher.


Preparation
they
very
through
The accompanying
had
softsmoke.
in
anduse of skins.—I
strong;
and
I was
sketch
for
and
told
sale
also
that
shows
thethe
the
dried
adark
brains
simple
did
skin,
red
not
offrame
buckskin,
with
learn
the animal
the
in
just
hair
use
which
how
serve
for
of the
stretching
evidently
anIndians
animal
important
and
had
left
dress
drying
on
passed,
use
deer
it;inthe
the
skins,
inbright
part
skin.
skin
but
of
dressing
yellow
(Fig.
Iitsobserved
preparation,
74)
buckskin,
process.
that
ORNAMENTAL ARTS.
Music.—Music,
Inhave
little
painting.
outline
Caloosahatchie
representation
Imade
few;
Dance;
when
themy
person
tune
so
tothe
by
search
already
of
they
add
few
stupid
one
In
white
the
and
to
fact,
that
have
of
for
head
what
spoken
of
on
and
River
man
the
the
evidence
the
alullabys;
clothing.
man,
of
maudlin.
girls
has
songs
has
only
athe
ofbull.
been
as
upon
sold
for
the
Indians
carving
of
and
far
Houses,
her
art
The
Without
the
Indians
the
as
519there
of
own
working
fathers
Ilocal
marked
Ishaft
already
could
making
noticed
canoes,
is
amusement.
whisky
pretending
report
aofhave
discover,
doleful
this
of
said.
one
silver
inutensils,
the
on
is
mostly
the
tree
ofIthat
art
coming
song
saw
ornaments.
to
the
Indian
with
isinstinct
reproduce
when
pestles
but
been
implements,
but
they
this
to
country
little
few
the
forgotten.
sing
town.
proper,
sign.
used
attempts
white
in
it in
exactly,
use
was
The
Knowing
atweapons,
praise
i.e.,
the
men
among
They
on
only
atin
Koonti
aIbegan
of
ornamentation
ornamental
remember
pine
have
painting
the
drink,
the
weremotive
log
tree
to
Seminole.
songs
almost
send
which
atInear
it
saw
Horse
or
for
of
as
their
beyond
Myers.
fine
is
all
the
was
something
the
Their
occasionally
Creek.
without
cattle
song,
art,
Green
thethose
It
festivals
Irude
was
south
found
IItCorn
carving
thought
like
was
made
a heard
rude
of
but
this:
arethe
on
or

ARTS. 17
The Seminole Indians of Florida

MIDI file (may require adjustments to browser)


I give aIfree
lullaby noted
translation
above, isofunmusical
the Indianand
words
staccato.
and an approximation to the tune. The last note in this, as in the
RELIGION.
however,
faith.
Ko-nip-ha-tco,
â——Great
upon
tradition,
among
Ifrom
convey
called
ofcould
attempted
cannot
Po-ya-fi-tsa.â——
his
the
How
520â——Po-ya-fi-tsaâ——
word,
the
learn
my
He
be
people.
world
it
inSeminole
Florida
far
meaning
sure
is
several
told
Spiritâ——
making
Ibut
to
have
ithe
atthat
me
be
has
Ilittle
Cape
told
cannot
Indians.
remembered
times
good
that
my
penetrated
Ko-nip-ha-tco
to
found
That
of
me
him,
Florida
investigations,
sent
his
the
reason
tothat
affirm
was
Doubtless
way
people
obtain
but
religious
Jesus
his
and
our
the
and
into
Iwith
to
that
think
people
from
Christ
believe,
inherited
that
believe
nearest
knew
there
the
during
confidence
faiths
itby
Ithe
was
my
savage
failed.
given
anything
believe
tothe
understanding
in
Indians
means
the
and
interpreter
from
thought
aevident
â——Great
the
seventeenth
creed
He
earth
practices
that
that
these
â——the
of
who
Koonti
told
of
success
with
what
the
and
influence
athe
that
me
have
statement
Koonti
existing
of
ritual.
the
to
IIndian
that
Spirit,â——
century
certain
master
meant
the
â——the
followed
died
precious
the
Christian
word
root
among
Iare
of
by
of
Christian
place
do
the
was
the
â——spiritâ——
the
breath.â——
not
my
red
plant,
Spaniards
whose
to
religious
the
teaching
Pi-ya-fits-ul-ki,
word
aknow.
efforts.
men.â——
gift
which
names
Florida
andname
â——spirit.â——
from
But,
that
had
Indians
has
beliefs
The
and
Indians.
God;
isJesus
in
vigorous
In
had
or
His-a-kit-a-mis-i.
Seminole
beliefs
talking
reference
or
he
â——soul.â——
go
upon
that
had
â——the
had
Iafter
was
long
now
missions
descended
with
the
received
for
IHis-a-kit-a.
death
to
struck,
tried
native
ago
traceable
this
breath
people
the
to
isThis
is
MORTUARY CUSTOMS.
As the here
record Seminole
what mortuary
I learned of
customs
them. are
Theclosely
description
connected
refers with
particularly
their religious
to the death
beliefs,
andit burial
will beofina place
child.to

Fig. 75. Seminole bier.


The
handkerchief
right
bit
middle
preparations,
place
pieces
floor
camp
(Fig.
by
A
was
were
covered
blanket
the
oftightly
preparation
cheek
75).
driven
was
for
burnt
toSeminole
were
ofthickly
the
the
laid,
The
the
was
closed
and
wood,
place
then
into
burial
the
being
body.
relatives
then
and
one
with
for
for
the
firmly
women
of
aover
by
and
tied
carefully
burial
Across
of
small
â——stockade,â——
earth
burial,
palmetto
ablack
covering
followed.
made
placed
about
this
loudly
across
bow
began
the
aupon
wrapped
the
blanket
the
leaves.
on
about
bow,
body
lamented,
of
as
the
grave
In
neck
edge,
the
logs.
soon
the
overlying
held
being
twelve
(Fig.
was
left.
around
and
in
grave,
in
Above
as
by
this
or
with
spread.
The
the
suspended
76.)
another
death
inches
the
â——fort,â——
the
manner:
shape
which
logs;
body
hair
the
right
body.
had
Two
around
in
box
disheveled.
these
of
was
ishand,
taken
length
atTwo
an
men,
called
Over
afeet
laid
roof
were
oblong
the
place.
was
palmetto
at
thighs,
was
this
face
also,
â——To-hÅ—p-kiâ———a
was
head.
next
connected
At
laid
placed,
palmetto
box,
The
upwards.
the
then
the
sunrise,
back,
A
an
logs
same
body
lengthwise
spot
arrow,
built.
the
by
and
of
leaves
of
In
time
was
carried
hand
proper
aSticks,
neck
red
the
slightly
pole,
clad
then
some
were
east
paint
lying
left
from
the
size
and
in
in
laid
hand,
and
drawn.
placed
men
the
body
was
naturally
awere
this
anew
the
west.
long
form
had
together
placed
structure
from
feet
split.
During
and
shirt,
pole
selected
In
of
over
word
to
the
this
an
on
The
athe
521with
these
new
grave
was
the
the
box
X,four
used
east.
aa a

Fig. 76. Seminole grave.


ceremony
who
nightâ——
were
â——medicineâ——
â——had
usual
The
remain
torches,
placed
commenced
would
bow
him
called
relatives
hair bearers
interpretation
for
from
had
and
repeated
occupations.
Ta-lak-i-çlak-o.
not
toward
there,
the
were
remained
go
made
arrow,
the
gone.â——
at
know
first
might
to
of
at
the
â——bad
it
tothree
the
the
them,
was
that
twelve
guard
grave
when
not
east,
To-hÅ—p-ki
of
body
place
atdays.
believed,
he
the
home
and
had
get
From
ended
him
he
that
might
moons
birdsâ——
then
of
The
ceremonies
after
at
rose
The
been
from
the
and
when
the
that
made
and
last
only
procure
fourth
what
nightfall
of
sunâ——s
sprinkled
refrained
Indian
and
the
time
rite
all
her
heuntil
awhile
path
approach
cut
returned
arose
just
large
day
paid
widowhood.
the
food
lying
torches
from
the
to
mentioned,
the
from
at
mourning
he
rising;
to
fire
toon
take
sunset
fourth
in
was
the
fires
go
to
around
of
his
at
work.
his
were
the
and
to
Seminole
â——evil
each
that
on
way.
were
day.
for
grave.
the
camp.
ceased
his
he
as
it
there
The
were
three
end
skies
the
The
would
allowed
given
skyward
The
fires
During
of
dead
waved
overgrowing
he
and
birdsâ——
days.
piece
fires
hethe
me,
laid
renewal
be
at
might
the
is
toâ——To-hÅ—p-ki.â——
at
journey.
the
lost
On
of
in
is
that
at
with
die
members
head
this:
the
burnt
grave
the
in
go
out.
day
of
who
the
air,
grass.
the
end
and
straight
fourth
the
The
These
wood
and
Throughout
were
feet
darkness.
would
that
of
of
fires
feet,
Indian
Afor
four
in
the
day
â——the
â——evil
renewed
in
to
widow
and
as
any
three
harm
his
family
the
it
moons.
well
was
He
was
waving
other
hand
sky
the
days
lives
him.
laid
had
at
as
bad
returned
said
camp
birdsâ——
With
At
direction
sunset
was
the
522thereafter
with
in
His
of
birds
that
path,
waving
his
to
the
this
feet
him
disheveled
by
protect
to
time
the
grave
of
torches
the
he
which
their
those
were
are
the
Indian
his
the
of
the
tothe
GREEN CORN DANCE.
called
get
met
unwilling
medicine
meaning,
always
Fifteen
the
representing
of
appointed
(Fig.
The
This
believed
that
it
At
one
with
morning
feasting,
â——Hom-pis-yak-i-ta.â——
the
each
that
no
camps
who
used
he
one
evening
drink
some
77).
medicine
the
satisfactory
cannot
time
continued
days
day
institution
among
they
sings
◗Hom-pi-ta-çlak-o,◗
could
by
men
determine
to
â——Green
place.
of
was
harm.
one
the
talk
previous
the
of
the
safely
assemble
the
in
described
men
the
523Medicine
of
Creek
the
number
At
day
about
That
for
any
Medicine
eat
description
these
first
atthe
Indians
join.
also
eat
when
four
present
to
manner
of
night,
in
Corn
it.
dancing
day
and,
the
of
sticks
the
how
the
to
He
Song
days.
the
days
that
me
the
festival
Song,
green
Dance.â——
after
last
through
told
in
long
speak
of
dance
is
green
as
ceremony
is
ground
which
unless
between
century
the
thrown
me,
the
sung.
having
corn.
except
the
heralds
English,
festival.
corn
will
their
â——Black
however,
dance
the
one
they
My
The
away.
at
that
commence.
in
both
at
of
Itreligious
ceremonies,
drinks
aare
Indian
is
which
the
find
day
the
taking
shall
like
made
No
date
the
aThe
sent
that
Green
feast.
nauseating
following
white
the
ceremony.
Drinkâ——
of
occasion
continue.
and
â——Indian
would
but
the
beliefs
day
from
as
it
selected
Small
During
Corn
the
he
an
man,
decide
â——Black
the
the
will
not
imperfect
day
season
of
is
for
last
smell
Others,
sticks
Dance
It
so
lodge
one
space
the
repeat
the
when
be
has
of
acts
an
Ione
eat
was
sick
the
Seminole
drinking
of
and
for
annual
are
had
or
as
of
all
arranged
Drink,â——
on
is
attempt
it
this
fasting,
beginning
holding
told,
as
at
both
taste.
thereupon
the
cast
shall
time,â——
its
the
some
asong
purification
effect,
medicine
medicine
has
contrary,
the
aside
an
find
take
Itto
but
as
the
is
for
emetic
time
dance
seen
describe
of
in
special
probably
the
place,
the
hung
Pa-sa-is-kit-a,
festival
me.
the
in
men
it,
next
man,
families
told
Indians
begins
and
and
He
the
accompanying
dance.
and
up
and,
expression
it.
to
me
day
approaches
declared
in
ayear,
will
rejoicing.
the
In
give
cathartic,
mixture
if
each
and
sleep.
that
go
With
is
fact,
Ionly
certainly
and
one
caught
is
to
notice
proceeds;
the
camp,
endured.
he
that
the
The
is
Indian
besides
of
similar
Idance
the
and
seemed
diagram
what
could
great
passing
his
to
any
next
meet
all
itIin
is
is
is
to

ORNAMENTAL ARTS. 18
The Seminole Indians of Florida

Fig. 77. Green Corn Dance.

USE OF MEDICINES.
Concerning
taking
not
knows
plant
know.
which
various
of aNor
plant
the
is an
herbs
did
use
the
antidote
I by
learn
forthe
leaves
their
what
to
Indians
ofthe
ailments.
which,
the
noxious
of
Indians
medicine
eaten,
What
effects
think
will
part
against
of
cure
ofincantation
the
thethe
poison
sickness,
origin
bite or
of
and
ivysorcery
Ia or
learned
effects
rattlesnake,
so-called
plays
of
only
dreams.
in
poison
and
that
the
that
they
healing
Me-le
oak.
heare
knows
told
in
ofthe
disease
mealso
habit
that
ofIhe
of
ado
GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.
I close thislife.
Seminole chapter by putting upon record a few general observations, as an aid to future investigation into
STANDARD OF VALUE.
anything,
The
they
keeps
buck standard
seem
call
skins,
hisâ——Kan-cat-ka-hum-kinâ——
accounts
receives
tofor
have
ofwhich
value
adopted,
awith
piece
the
among
the
trader
of524
Indians
paper
theallows
atFlorida
least
marked
in single
twelve
atIndians
(literally,
the
inmarks
this
Big
â——chalks.â——
isway:
Cypress
now
or
â——one
pencil
taken
Swamp
strokes.
from
markThe settlement,
the
onFor
Indian,
the
currency
example,
groundâ——).
not
is of
twenty-five
wishing
an
theIndian
United
At
then
cents,
brings
Miami
States.
to purchase
which
to
a The
trader
himunit
â——IIII—IIII—IIII.
J. W. E. owes Little Tiger $3.◗
At his
and returns
next visit
it to Little
the Indian
Tigermay changed
buy fiveas follows:
â——marksâ—— worth of goods. The trader then takes the paper
â——IIII—III.
J. W. E. owes Little Tiger
$1.75.â——
Thus
his
about
Miami
What
â——Tcat-to
name
Tcat-to
the
words
Their
but own
word
could
the
the
for
methods
$2,000.
â——Nak-ho-tsi
Indians
Ko-na-wa
possession.
account
means
iron
primitive
gainKo-na-wa.â——
and
This
no
of
do
silver;
is
measuring
light
a(i.e.,
metal,
is,
standard
kept
considerable
The
however,
upon
with
stone
Tcat-to
until
value
is also
â——La-ni,â——
of
are
the
beads)
all
of
â——Ko-na-waâ——
value
Ko-na-wa,â——
an
the
now,
terms
the
business
the
amount
name
was,
â——marksâ——
among
purchases
probably,
he used
then,
for
inlarger
the
the
stone.
as
or
the
made
those
Seminole
barter
which
equivalents
than
yellow,
primitive
â——Tcat-toâ——
at
means
of
would
and
are
is,
Miami
the
added,
was
literally,
sale
crossed
white
money.
beads,
be
for
isby
of
the
our
it
suggested
ornamental
man.
the
means
off,
â——paper
and
average
With
measurements.
Indians,
when
probably
Iâ——Tcat-to,â——
questioned
gold.
â——Hat-ki,â——
tofor
the
me
plumage.
I For
the
stone
was
originally
trader
byrest
greenbacks
informed,
my
their
beads.â——
takes
of
respondent
word
the
meant
while
the
or
tribe,
isthey
for
white,
paper
annually
stone.
itmoney,
for
closely,
use
is the
into
the
added,
the
DIVISIONS OF TIME.
Isame
also as
gained
that used
but little
for summer,
knowledge
andofintheir
theirdivisions
year are twelve
of time.months,
They have
designated,
the year,respectively:
the name for which is the
1. ×la-fÅ−ts-u-tsi, Little Winter.
2. Ho-ta-li-ha-si, Wind Moon.
3. Ho-ta-li-ha-si-çlak-o, Big Wind Moon.
4. Ki-ha-su-tsi, Little Mulberry Moon.
5. Ki-ha-si-çlat-o, Big Mulberry Moon.
6. Ka-too-ha-si.
7. Hai-yu-tsi.

GREEN CORN DANCE. 19


The Seminole Indians of Florida

8. Hai-yu-tsi-çlak-o.
9. O-ta-wÅ−s-ku-tsi.
10. O-ta-wÅ−s-ka-çlak-o.
11. I-ho-li.
12. ×la-fo-çlak-o, Big Winter.
When
go
as
new
525 Ihome.
Ican,
days,
suppose
moon
I asked
not
He
and
inmaking
Täl-la-häs-ke
meant
that
the
these
west
the
to
are,
what
spelling
answer,
and
intopart
sweeping
meof
about
how
atwould
these
least,
long
ten
his
words
be
numbered
days
he
hand
desirable
would
could
thence.
fromby
stay
be
corrections.
west
The
reference
improved,
attohis
day
east
present
isto
to
The
divided
but
successive
where
ofmonths
camp,
Ithe
reproduce
by
the
sunterms
he
appear
moon
positions
inmade
the
them
descriptive
would
sky
toreply
be
of
phonetically
from
divided
the
be
by when
moon
dawn
of
pointing,
the
simply
he
to
at
positions
assunset.
should
nearly
tointo
the
NUMERATION.
appear
The Florida
from Indians
the following
can count,
list: by their system, indefinitely. Their system of numeration is quinary, as will
1. Hûm-kin.
2. Ho-ko-lin.
3. To-tei-nin.
4. Os-tin.
5. Tsaq-ke-pin.
6. I-pa-kin.
7. Ko-lo-pa-kin.
8. Tci-na-pa-kin
9. Os-ta-pa-kin.
10. Pa-lin.
11. Pa-lin-hûm-kin, i.e., ten one, &c.
20. Pa-li-ho-ko-lin, i.e., two tens.
As a guide
intercourse
little
finger,
hand
purpose
down
eight finger
resting
as
upon
and
thetowards
the
with
of
its
number
fore
upon
the
palm,
forefinger
me
and
left,
the
aof
will
and
middle
knowledge
thumb
then
horses
serve.
raising
onthe
fingers
the
of
ofright
He
the
next,
which
his
ofwished
left,
the
of
hands,
forefinger
and
the
Iprimitive
he
had
then
left;
to
counted
thumbs
made
count
the
finally
upon
manner
thumb
inquiry.
touching,
eight.
the
the
he
remaining
next
shut
of
He
upon
counting
first
the
left
the
the
counted
hand
fourth
placed
numbers
thumb;
the
finger,
and
the
method
fingers
leaving
onthumb
little
then
theoutspread,
used
fingers
right
now
the
of the
by
thumb
hand,
the
of
an
right
thumb
he
the
old
using
on
showed
hand
right
man
the
offor
next
upon
the
hand
inthis
me
his
right
the
SENSE OF COLOR.
Concerning
very
brown,
some
many
from
yellowâ——s
distinction
the names
limited
scarlet
other
other
which
when
between
colors
colors,
the
to
degree.
was
lightest
pink.
sense
asked
his
to
shading
green
Black
Ahim
perception
of
and
about
name
color
aand
most
and
from
â——yellow
one
for
among
blue,
white
delicate
yellow
was
violet
or but
the
were
distinct
these
to
other
as
he
tint.
black,â——
green.
Iclear
applied
Indians,
examined
Icolor.
and
thought
to
Athe
his
to
name
I names
found
dark
and
further
sight,
that
for
for
orange
atthat
he
and
red
one
gray,
I was
used
my
followed
for
time
and
which
never
informant
these
proper.
thence
I had
certain
awas
hesuccession
But
found
had
toaataâ——white
aleast
that
appropriate
list
name
himof
he
possessed
of
making
colors
for
would
colors
blue
black.â——
names
through
not
aall
he
itclear
to
exchange
the
applied
Also
only
way
toFor
for
a to
526

EDUCATION.
TheRev.
About
by feeling
ten
Mr.
years
of
Frost,
the
ago
tribe
now
an attempt,
is
at antagonistic
Myers,the
Fla.
only
He
to attempt
even
did not
such
in
succeed.
primary
modern times,
education
to establish
as reading,
schools
writing,
among
and them
calculation.
was made
SLAVERY.
Byareference
breed
Indians.
to
women.
ago
think,
the
negress,
among
rather
Florida
I sawoffered
Me-leand
to
the
nothing
goes
Indians
the
Seminole.
thepopulation
and
atwo
place
and
held
comes
negresses
could
Itof
negroes
has
refuge
table,
asnot
been
heinas
hear
itsees
for
the
will
said
slaves,
fugitive
tribe
of
fit.
be
that
anything
No
noticed
live
but
these
one
bondmen
my
apparently
attempts
to
negroes
that
impression
justify
there
andon
were
to
this
gradually
are
control
terms
isstatement.
slaves
three
to the
ofhis
negroes
made
perfect
and
contrary.
movements.
One
are
them
equality
and
still
Indian
The
members
seven
held
Florida
Itis,
with
may
aspersons
I slaves
know,
of
the
be
Indians,
their
that
other
of
by
married
tribe.
long
mixed
the
I
HEALTH.
In in
found
deaths
settlement;
of
settlement
however,
there
And
children,
these
they
is thetheir
Täl-la-häs-ke;
Iin
are
reports,
introduction
was
that
ofthe
certainly
as
only
Ifavor.
the
informed
Iwas
another
year
the
was
Ideaths
four
have
told
consequence
past.
assured
increasing
to
persons.
was
by
by
no
and
during
this
Täl-la-häs-ke
some
others
reason
of
that
the
report
Täl-la-häs-ke◗s
One
the
their
last
of
no
white
that
toapast
deaths
Iwas
of
modify
sort
number.
said
about
people
these
year
of
of
that
had
said
aepidemic
two
my
deaths
had
child,
at
Their
the
occurred
togeneral
Miami
years
been
health
me,
at
was
appearance
at
Cow
before
â——Twenty
very
wife,
that
one
either
statement
of
of an
Creek
the
few.
several
of
atthere
old
there
the
Seminole
Cat
indicates
I woman,
settlement.
had
that
northern
had
Fish
children
or
moons
trustworthy
at
the
been
Lake
is
Miami
excellent
O-pa-ka,
health
good.
camps.
ago,
had
considerable
At
settlement;
during
the
died
heap
of
As
information
health
Admitting
at
the
Big
confirming
atthe
pickaninnies
the
Seminole
the
Cypress
another
and
fatality
Fish
year.
Indian
their
the
Eating
concerning
this
On
Swamp
was
among
is
correctness
camp
environment
die!â——
good
the
statement,
of
Creek
contrary,
anear
and
sister
the of
that
I
527

CHAPTER IV.

ENVIRONMENT OF THE SEMINOLE.

NATURE.
through
bands
pine
stretches
â——islandsâ——
elevation
slight
traveled
skirting
Before
â——Bad
as
or
distance
reached
good
darkness
started
splashing
Indian,
search.
â——Buck
On
however,
than
sources,
have
Beyond
district
and
It
modification
prairie
along
modifications,
we
Over
Seminole
The
growing
our
There
protect
Then
with
the
fertility
richly
environment
they
Southern
ais,
perceptible
to
Caloosahatchie
February.
needed,
scattered
fierce,
Floridaâ——s
unchanged
appearance
what
pond,
imperceptible
by
swamps
which
contrast
isthe
6from
taken
the
traversed
our
soil
horse
beds
starting
trees,
the
in
ponds
description
few
feet
atree
need.
woods.
the
its
no
is
this
camping
the
the
elevation,
Big
but
was
of
rewarded.
stream.
was
the
closeness
sun.
this
land
in
nightfall
from
with,
A
following
journey
called
â——Devilâ——s
is
of
the
cypress
so
origin
that
real
that
were
are
necessity,
of
deciduous
high
grass
all
greater
on
lands
covered
to
abundance
aFlorida,
attached
of
and
the
middle
wide
black
through
Indians.
in
where
and
quite
of
Even
water
Cypress
Country,â——
soil
certainly
differed
level
growth
to
watery
except
several
This
natural
of
drier
aPens.â——
than
dense
point
in
point.
the
more
midwinter;
The
place
shores
comparative
third
excessive
of
only
on
twilight,
place
be
and
so
filled
surrounded
the
degrees
again
Indeed,
all,
were
ground.
only
pine
the
that
and
barren
that
River,
ground
the
in
mass
what
soil,
Iswamps
the
we
at
there
should
or
sparseness
for
the
of
sluggish
But
that
prairies.
soil
of
have
Iwith
awinter
the
country
were
deeper
growth
day
unlike
aNearly
that
February
at
to
prairie
Of
topography
of
its
on
Swamp,
miles
elevations
reached,
less
started
cannot
called
seeming
their
from
trees
Seminole
trail
or
until
woods.
succession
in
reached
with
way
Florida
to
country
day
nothing
awe
swamp
of
rising
nightfall,
Imy
which
across
has
dwarf
suddenly
region
the
greatest
distance
is
the
â——hammocksâ——
athe
from
in
over
need
be
grass
at
given
Captain
heat
food,
without
in
width
we
took
yet,
slight
made
small
we
generally
growth
from
there
they
buggy
â——dry
and
the
aSouthern
was
any
aalready
water
surroundings
seen
and
the
half
We
barrenness
part
by
of
the
sky
water
an
around
across
be
growth
short
Gardenâ——
afind
Through
this
of
aindicates
to
or
not
had
palmetto.
dry
Ithe
on
which
which,
level
for
in
and
swamps
trees,
to
our
few
rims
refers
both
saw-grass
immense
other
have
flow
large
surpassed.
is
it
â——Buck
are
had
or
Everglade
of
covered
Myers
depth
by
our
of
settlement
depression
the
were
growth,
rain.
everywhere.
but
of
the
the
of
appeared
which
the
Hendry
dry
and
repeat
sun
expanse
was
discomfort
such
land
all
district
the
crossed
6and
distance
depressions.
tall
with
way
the
inches
been
his
what
sixty
well
swamps
of
as
headwaters
ato
animal
way
pond
of
found
and
Florida
climate
just
we
edge
season.â——
that
part
to
enough
country.
to
weird
was
better
having
combination
without
was
grasses.
the
land
indicated,
people
this
20
water
to
own
whole
that
and
cypress
into
the
only
water
out
scrub
The
that
most
my
what
on
traveled
said.
with
and
expanse
the
are
miles
described.
during
of
moist
my
occupied
asked
of
marshes,
inches
began
asharpness
of
above
so
Plantings
region
in
no
from
thin
character
Icomposed
abounding
from
ordinary
upon
and
their
in
Pens.â——
the
people,
stream,
eyes,
ride
defined
part
the
our
in
pine
than
trees
called
had
to
grasses.
comparative
the
grass;
hot
from
northern
athe
of
there
The
for
Indian
clouds.
has
palmetto
Near
living
wood
the
Our
the
The
being
or
midyear
trees.
make
Big
forest
The
Seminole
and
water,
vegetable,
our
of
district;
and
the
streams,
country.
one
or
that
Big
way
of
in
Myers
entered.
the
we
that
darkness.
aat
one
trees
well
of
that
more,
was
already
were
plain.
temperature
breeching.
the
cold,
vast
The
and
way,
that
of
in
by
ended
the
third
depth;
first
most
Cypress
about
The
from
Indian
first
Seminole
so
following
submerged
there
cypress
islands
there,
are
effort
could
of
dead
foot
country
Cypress
afternoon
treeless.
These
one
to
Six
clothing
towards
The
Southern
we
cypress
principally
we
trackless.
the
defined
Kissimmee
senses
fertility;
as
were
called,
Fish
State
and
the
being
covered
expanse
this
water
Ko-nip-ha-tco
pause,
it
step
my
followed
Where
was
but,
and
range
soon
day
day,
of
for
In
Ito
moist
drove
miles
feel
find
north
been
for
was
it
level.
nine
Indians,
absence
night
then
obtainable
have
for
serves
not
companion
boundary
It
country
dotted
river,
cypress
the
two
than
attention
climate
was
Eating
not
Swamp
swamps.
by
upon
aon
lay
of
was
Icould
making
jolted
Swamp,
took
between
after
the
They
have
and
the
awas
description,
long
currents
dry,
broken
of
tell
was
but
oâ——clock
said;
and
we
Florida
from
there
way
land
of
day
all
land,
the
which
with
struggle
near
said,
The
of
feet
There
through
scarcely
those
barren
of
need
to
Ak-ho-lo-wa-koo-tci.
by
where
the
ocean.
immediate
the
pine
River
whether
at
of
passing
trees
the
aencircled
water
dazzling
leaving
that
Creek
been
told
generally.
distance
night:
other
discover,
in
are
through
it
we
groups
supply
cattlemen,
we
into
and
burden.
it
cypress
deep.
superabundant
near
Myers
enough
hanging
of
is
shade,
was
there
with
pine
aThe
in
ground
is
Caloosahatchee
by
topography
shape
day.
suffices
said
whether
followed
30
were
which
of
confined
and
the
fire.
open
alying
529were
is
of
the
were
that
with
subtropical;
sand
that
ends
we
driven
for
the
water,
pool
and
ring
swamps
possible
hand,
more
and
intervals
called
substantially
settlement
Now
pine
aisland
here
Athere
based
is
â——prairies.â——
the
we
lie
he
The
were
oak
clusters.
them,
we
northern
We
crossed
white
is
visible
existence.
this
thick
from
brought
Everglades.
some
swamp,
region
As
here
sheets
under
together
wagon
dense
environment
south
awe
grass.
in
hills
mark
without
at
mosses
of
I40
or
could.
the
one
were
main
to
subtropical
island
one
he
and
clothing
left
there
we
crossed
growth.
and
by
monotonous
water,
Cat
were
we
was
into
to
part
slight
marsh.
were
well
we
upon
miles
note
of
physically,
what
and
clumps
Everglades
to
it
could
sand,
which
impenetrable
marked
the
passed
with
channels
the
of
Myers,
morning
foliage,
to
of
there
started
At
seemed
yet
harvests,
two
it,
Fish
is
road
Usually,
street
awere
starless,
in
tell,
us
there
what
of
Under
on
is
June.
and
4or
to
defined
wetting
the
ponds.
me
swamp
there
water
in
advances
that
afact
depression,
among
the
was
As
but
â——Bad
heat
the
from
character
would
also
miles
we
to
athe
So
For
what
Generally,
over
the
or
plain,
shade
take
hammock
miles
the
Lake.
extends
one
islands
cypress
had
Caloosahatchee
of
air
no
seeking,
the
Ithrough
is
of
notes
one
climate.
same
characteristic
the
By
shelter
upon
level
on
that
were
more
harness
flowers,
have
of
to
contrary,
is
his
in
perhaps
scrub
by
surrounded
in
midst
Myers,
called
ascenery
landmarks.
plants.
Myers,
most
which,
us
and
with
So
passed
too,
then
are
proper,
object
and
in
the
pine
be
but
me
asomewhat
528night
with
or
natural
many
us
place
the
Excepting
the
guidance
banks.
These
through
summer
jungle
of
the
is
as
in
our
far
rising
already
of
like
called
twenty
from
swamp,
soon
Countryâ——
the
feet.
little
there
to
than
more
been
from
palmetto.
of
inclosing
saw-grass
month
the
is
civilization,
my
islands,
harness
the
however,
that
Iwould
hardly
soil
as
pine
we
fruit,
15
journey,
of
was
do
by
entered
places
in
visited
was
athe
hunter
seems
summer.
acypress
country,
are
They
the
We
midst
journey
we
slight
the
of
from
swamp
would
to
wide
our
amiles
which
of
their
cut
made
away
almost
pine
left
any
itthan
bythe
But
from
of
sun.
stated,
woods
we
drier
of
say
vines
in
and
River.
shows
these
wide
not
were
anorth
any
of
athe
the
to
is
ait,
our
of
the
5we
in
be
MAN.
When
exceptional
epidemic
persons
prosperity
great
vigorous
origin
ancestors,
are.
They
history,
importance
Seminole.
of
It
will
been
manâ——s
passions,
face
eighteenth
Englishman,
received
embittered
conciliate
disastrous
aliens.
Indian
the
men
with
sake
Seminole
comparatively
But
and
certain,
new
successfully
as
if
dislike
between
these
isenemies,
we
them
present,
weapons,
excepting
white
especially
soon
It
possible
either
with
factors
now
of
the
able
danger
seek,
are
Indians
which
531is
we
in
has
It
of
the
their
as
an
from
are
through
red
The
them
the
and
is
use
now
aand
disease,
the
man
on
are
consider,
to
or
extending
wars
There
Ithey
perish
been
centuries
era
therefore,
white
and
great
by
only
in
at
influence
danger
what
have
are
they
men.
repel
province
contend,
been
stock,
the
lies
to
and
implements,
that
of
has
Indians
Florida
some
old
other
the
may
in
strong,
last
their
aand
has
in
the
small
determined
conquer.
are
beginning
of
their
proper
secured.
exciting
of
border
and
in
is
the
been
settlements
which
received
Spaniard,
man.
men
said,
in
will
even
The
and
noticed,
becoming
attempts
the
become
learned
our
late
than
no
parts
which
few
from
environment.
the
in
the
the
effects
population.
over
rapid
powers.
Indian
have
the
fearless,
has
now
from
he
last
connection
of
when
whose
farther
cattlemen
preserved
people,
that
their
The
policy,
years,
line
futile
Spanish
their
others
peninsula
A
of
wild
become?
the
human
The
him
530been
nearly
domestic
often
half
to
long
enough
appropriated
except
change
that
our
the
different
race
two
in
Spain,
at
the
of
possible
in
few
and
we
tribe,
wise
direct
of
career
injurious
Indian
This
attempt
to
retreat
and
present
animals
turn,
and
haughty,
Florida
these
to
Seminole
century;
of
friends,
comparatively
he
country,
ago
peoples
strays
Myers,
remember
of
open
words,
warriors
environment
the
To
two
sometimes
by
do
The
their
with
to
enough
through
is
sixty
was
must
If
some
to
moral
hostile
Ihis
kept
from
utensils,
may
their
two
these
believe
chiefly
Indian
him
to
arouse
has
to
we
want
refrain
centuries,
hostility.
or
being
moving
into
or
are,
kind.
career,
these
accompaniments
the
be
forgetting
which
Miami,
but,
the
for
and
years
take
remain,
we
the
anger
they
young
become
have
is
be
justice,
poisonous
strength
the
struggles
may
places,
forced
subjects.
to
or
natural
scene
that
with
the
about
Seminole
their
policy,
them
can
the
country
made
that
it
as
independent.
meet
from
In
fabrics
know
facts,
place.
teaching
decadence
will
has
ago,
never
they
of
possible
now
lines
make
him,
Seminole
all
they
For
fact,
braves
Bartow,
did
reverse
easily
only
as
they
service
no
he
of
too
into
to
at
their
the
had
to
have
arousing
know,
necessities,
what
it
that
with
they
can
or
that
more
the
The
This
frequently
of
he
yet
war
effect
reptiles,
enter
infrequent
are
for
really
in
nature
an
some
drain
received
weak
some
have
Indians
close,
ano
of
see
the
show
still
an
tragic
that
most
go.
they
to
effort
of
different
may
he
clothing,
native
large
always
man
Fort
of
Iand
some
may
people
country.
Spanish
the
than
effect
aBut
have
unsettled
submit
white
how
what
except
degree
Lake
been
can
to
been
accepted
the
It
exceptions,
can
has
the
future
with
unavoidable
cannot
be
aSeminole
to
that
Meade,
rather
is
past
contend
degrade
on
immigration
to
with
the
three
that
willingness
of
to
renewed
moral,
no
intervals.,
vindictiveness
also
much
produce
made
make
do
their
made
upon
have
itfriends.
our
Okeechobee
kept
stay
population
encouragement,
the
administration
they
the
whatever
&c.
missionaries
to
in
The
near
they
has
longer
in
unlike
much
any
it,
than
state,
contend
centuries
before
Government
aarousing
prairies
and
aimpulse
products
the
been,
and
from
physical
them
more
Mentally,
our
in
civilization
strength
been.
successfully
need
and
other
peaceful
future
have,
have
friendly
cattle
warfare.
among
Through
the
with
appropriated
oncoming
harm
Indians
retreat,
any
contact
Tampa,
and
the
friend
destroy
to
becoming
of
said,
the
separate
influences
favorably
not
are
Man
tribe
places
always
successfully
and
but
break
dealers
and
past
Indians
to
is
in
athe
nature.
when
of
life
before
needed
and,
brave
white
specially
closing
them
and
intercourse
to
resist
excepting
the
of
that
and
in
now
Spaniard,
the
are
European
with
aside
is
has
European
at
of
the
all,
which,
he
initiate
so
them.
it,
against
of
large
down
becoming
hosts,
in
aIndian
prosperous
lived
the
and
savage.
ally.
friendly
these
or
and
has
warâ——s
never
seventeenth
Everglades,
easy
The
indolent
go
might
time
population
however,
situated
we
that
contact
the
practically
might
men
the
to
from
in
American
traders
Seminole,
independent.
for
Hitherto
measure
guard
maintain
known.
can
until
proud
with
within
the
Already,
intruders,
wars
but
southern
aupon
he
to
aIndians
not
his
Frenchman,
he
civilization,
been
of
has
new
have
purposes
few
that
affect
The
them
can
with
ancient
conquer
of
ultimately
afor
has
white
and
neighbor
the
more
far
now,
seeking
of
against
centers
future.
been
the
factor
people
the
epoch
religious
our
consequences.
which
able
into
But
no
few
nothing
prevented
physical
make
and
the
distant,
their
itknown
white
Union
them
effeminate.
are
an
that
injuriously
to
settlements,
land
but
had
they
whites
violent
longer
man
borders
face
barriers
now
Florida,
white
the
to
of
Up
him;
of
intheir
they
in
of
barter
has
some
it
such
and
for
in
its
man.
of
trade.
they
no
new
have
and
to
only
from,
their
all
ideas
that
athe
but
and
the
just
the
as
as
532

DIVISIONS OF TIME. 20
The Seminole Indians of Florida

INDEX

Big Cypress Swamp Seminole settlement 477, 478, 499, 507, 529
Billy, brother of Key West Billy 492-494, 499, 528
Brown, Lieutenant, aid of, among Seminole 489
Catfish Lake Seminole settlement 477, 478, 509
Cow Creek Seminole settlement 477, 478
Cypress swamps, Florida 527-529
Devilâ——s Garden, Florida 478
Hendry, F. A., aid in Florida 492, 511, 528
Key West Billy 484, 485
Koonti, preparation of 513-516
Seminole tradition of origin of 519
Me-le the Seminole 489, 490
Miami River Seminole settlement 477, 478
The word â——TEOK-KO-CLACOâ—— in the Green Corn Dance diagram may be an error for
◗TEOK-KO-×LACO◗.

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The Seminole Indians of Florida

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