Attri D's Mathematics Academy and Resonant Classes

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kkpk;Z Academy and Resonant Classes Academy and Resonant Classes

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nzks.kkpk;Z
Academy
Academy
&
&
Resonant
Resonant
Classes
Classes
MATHEMATICS
BY
Attri D.
****** Mathematics by Attri. D. ******
0
nzks.kkpk;Z nzks.kkpk;Z Academy and Resonant Classes Academy and Resonant Classes
STRAIGHT LINES
1
nzks.kkpk;Z Academy Resonant
Classes
S.C. F. 57, Sector 7 S.C.O. 53, Sector 17
Kurukshetra Kurukshetra
STRAIGHT LINES
IMPORTANT TOOLS/ TECHNIQUES / TIPS
1. DIFFERENT FORMS OF STRAIGHT LINES EQUATION
(i) If a straight line is parallel to the axis of x and is at a distance b
from the origin, its equation is y = b. In particular, equation of x-
axis is y = 0.
(ii) The equation of a straight line parallel to the axis of y at a
distance a from origin is x = a. In particular equation of y-axis is
x = 0.
(iii)The equation of a line passing through ( )
1 1
, y x and having the
slope m is ( )
1 1
x x m y y .
(iv)Straight line cutting intercepts a and b on x and y-axis respectively
is
1 +
b
y
a
x
.
(v)Straight line having the slope m and cutting the intercept c on y-
axis is
c mx y +
.
(vi)Straight line which is at a distance p from the origin and the angle
which the perpendicular makes with x-axis is
, is
p y x + sin cos
.
(vii)If a line makes an angle with positive x-axis, and passes
through ( )
1 1
, y x then its equation is
r
y y x x
sin cos
1 1
, where r is
the directed distance of any point
( ) y x m ,
from the point ( )
1 1
, y x .
Any point on this line will be
sin , cos
1 1
r y y r x x + +
.
2. Perpendicular distance of a point ( )
1 1
, y x from the line
0 + + c by Ax
is
2 2
1 1
B A
C By Ax
+
+ +
, in particular the perpendicular distance of origin
from the line
0 + + C By Ax
must be
2 2
B A
C
+
.
2
&
3. The distance between two parallel lines
0 + + C By Ax
,
0 + + C By Ax
is equal to diference of perpendicular distances of them
from the origin, i.e.,
2 2
B A
C C
+

.
4. The equation of family of lines passing through the intersection of
two lines
0 + + C By Ax
and
0 + + C y B x A
is
( ) 0 + + + + + C y B x A k C By Ax
, where k is a parameter.
5. Let L = 0 be the equation of a line we defne:
(i) ( )
1 1
, y x L as numerical value of equation of L if we substitute the
co-ordinates of a point ( )
1 1
, y x in L (i.e.,
1 1
, y y x x
).
(ii)
( ) P L
as the numerical value of equation of L, if we put the co-
ordinates of a point P in the equation of L.
Now if
( ) ( ) 0 > Q L P L
the points P and Q lie on the same side of L = 0
and if
( ) ( ) 0 < Q L P L
then points P and Q lie on the opposite side of L =
0.
6. The ratio in which the line
0 + + C By Ax
or L = 0 divides the line
joining ( )
1 1
, y x and ( )
2 2
, y x is
( )
( )
2 2
1 1
2 2
1 1
,
,
y x L
y x L
C By Ax
C By Ax
+ +
+ +
. Thus if they
are on the same side of L, the ratio is negative otherwise it is positive.
7. If
0 + + C By Ax
,
0 + + C y B x A
be two lines then the combined
equation of the two bisectors bisecting the angle between them is
2 2 2 2
B A
C y B x A
B A
C By Ax
t
+
+ +
. If
0 > C C
then by taking + sign in the
above equation, we get the equation of angular bisector bisecting the
angle containing origin.
8. (i)If three lines
0 + +
i i i
C y B x A
,
( ) 3 , 2 , 1 i
are concurrent then
conversely, if D = 0 they are either concurrent or parallel.
(ii) Three pair wise unparallel lines
0 , 0
2 1
L L
and
0
3
L
will be
concurrent or parallel if there exists numbers p, q, r not all zero
such that
0
3 2 1
+ + rL qL pL
.
9. Change of Origin. Let Ox, Oy be the original axes and the origin O
is taken to a point (h, k) with reference to O such that axes remain
parallel to original axes. Let P be a point whose co-ordinates with
reference to O are (x, y) and with reference to O are (X, Y) then
k Y y h X x + + ,
. Note that by this transformation slope of a line
remains same. Consequently
dX
dY
dx
dy
.
3
y
P(X, Y)
0
(h, k)
x
Y
0
X
10. Rotation of Axes. Let the axes Ox and Oy be rotated through an
angle in the counter clockwise direction such that the new axes
become x O and
y O
. Then if P has co-ordinates (x, y) with reference
to original axes and has co-ordinates ( ) y x , with reference to new
axes, we have
sin cos y x x
and
cos sin y x y +
.
Also
cos sin , sin cos y x y y x x + +
.
11. Locus. Finding the locus of a point
( ) ,
is equivalent to fnding a
relation between
and
free from arbitrary constants (parameters).

In case the point whose locus is to be found happens to be a point of
intersection of two lines (curves), the locus is simply the eliminant of
their equations. Note that for each real t, we get a point in the plane
where
2 , 1
2
+ t y t x
. But for all t the relation (which is obtained by
eliminating t) ( ) 1 2
2
+ + y x is satisfed. Therefore the locus of a moving
point whose abscissa and ordinate are functions of a real parameter is
obtained by eliminating the parameter and getting a pure relation
between x and y.
12. The general equation of second degree
0 2 2 2
2 2
+ + + + + c fy gx by hxy ax G
may represents a pair of lines if
4
0
c f g
f b h
g h a
or
0 2
2 2 2
+ ch bg af fgh abc
which is precisely the condition
under which G can be written as a product of two linear factors not
necessarily real. These lines will be real if
ab h
2
.
13. The Homogeneous equation of second degree
0 2
2 2
+ + by hxy ax H
always represents a pair of lines passing through origin if
ab h
2
.
The angle between these lines is given by,
b a
ab h
+
2
2
tan these
lines will be perpendicular if a + b = 0.
14. Let
( ) 0 , y x f
be a second degree curve which is intersected by a
line at A and B. Then combined equation of OA and OB can be
obtained by making
( ) 0 , y x f
homogeneous with the help of the lines
equation.
15. The equation of lines bisecting the angles between the lines
0 2
2 2
+ + by hxy ax
is
h
xy
b a
y x
2 2
.
16. Let
( ) 0 , y x g
be a second degree curve which is intersected by a
line at A and B. Then the equation of pair of lines OA and OB can be
obtained by making
( ) 0 , y x g
homogeneous with the help of the
lines equation.
STANDARD RESULTS AND IMPORTANT TIPS
(i) If
( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 2 2 1 1
, , , , , y x C y x B y x A
be the vertices of a triangle ABC then
co-ordinates of various centre are given by
centre Co-ordinates
Centroid

,
_
+ + + +
3
,
3
3 2 1 3 2 1
y y y x x x
5
Incentre
,
_
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
c b a
cy by ay
c b a
cx bx ax
3 2 1 3 2 1
,
Orthocentre
,
_
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
C B A
C y B y A y
C B A
C x B x A x
tan tan tan
tan tan tan
tan tan tan
tan tan tan
3 2 1
3 2 1
Circumcentre
,
_
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
C B A
C y B y A y
C B A
C x B x A x
2 sin 2 sin 2 sin
2 sin 2 sin 2 sin
2 sin 2 sin 2 sin
2 sin 2 sin 2 sin
3 2 1
3 2 1
(ii) Two lines
0
1 1 1
+ + C y B x A
and
0
2 2 2
+ + C y B x A
are coincident
2
1
2
1
2
1
C
C
B
B
A
A

if
2
1
2
1
B
B
A
A
but if they are not equal to

2
1
C
C
then the lines
are parallel but not coincident. If
2
1
2
1
B
B
A
A
or
0
2 2 1 1
B A B A
then the
lines are intersecting.
(iii) Let ABC be a triangle and M be a point. The point M will lie with in
triangle ABC if and only if
(a) M and BC lie on the same side of A.
(b) M and AC lie on the same side of B.
(c) M and AB lie on the same side of C.
(iv) The point of intersection of pair of straight lines
( ) 0 2 2 2 ,
2 2
+ + + + + c fy gx hxy by ax y x f can be obtained by diferentiating
( ) y x f ,
partially diferentiating w.r.t. x and y and then solve for x and
y i.e.,
0 + + g hy ax
,
0 + + f by hx
.
2
1
h ab af hg
f
bg hf
x
,
2 2
,
h ab
af hg
y
h ab
bg hf
x
.
6
(v) Area of formed by the three lines
2 2 1 1
, c x m y c x m y + +
and
3 3
c m y +
is
( )
1
]
1

2 1
2
2 1
2
1
m m
c c
A
.
(vi) Area of the triangle formed by the line
0 + + c by ax
and the co-ordinate
axis is
ab
c
2
2
.
(vii) Area of rhombus formed by the lines
0 t t c by ax
is
ab
c
2
2
.
(viii) Area of parallelogram, the equation of whose side are,
0
1 1 1
+ + c y b x a
,
0
1 1 1
+ + d y b x a
,
0
2 2 2
+ + c y b x a
,
0
2 2 2
+ + d y b x a
is
( ) ( )
1 2 2 1
2 2 2 1
b a b a
c d c d

.
(ix) The co-ordinate of the foot of perpendicular (h, k) from ( )
1 1
, y x to the
line
0 + + c by ax
is
( )
2 2
1 1 1 1
b a
c by ax
b
k y
a
h x
+
+ +
.
Also the image of the point ( )
1 1
, y x is given by
( )
2 2
1 1 1 1
2
b a
c by ax
b
k y
a
h x
+
+ +
.
7
Type 1 (NCERT QUESTIONS)
EXERCISE 10.1
E.1. Find the slope of the lines :
(a) Passing through the points (3, 2) and (1, 4)
(b) Passing through the points (3, 2) and (7, 2)
(c) Passing through the points (3, 2) and (3,4)
(d) Making inclination of 60
0
with the positive direction of
x-axis.
E.2. If the angle between two line is
4
and slope of one of the lines

is
2
1
, fnd the slope of the other line.
E.3.Line through the points (2,6) and (4, 8) is perpendicular to the
line through the points (8,12) and (x, 24). Find the value of x.
E.4. Three points P (h,k), Q(x
1
, y
1
) and R (x
2
, y
2
) lie on a line. Show
that (h x
1
) (y
2
y
1
) = (k y
1
) (x
2
x
1
).
E.5.In fg., time and distance graph of a
linear motion is given. Two positions
of time and distance are recorded as,
when T = 0, D =2 and when T =3,
D = 8. Using the concept of slope,
fnd law of motion, i.e., how distance
depends upon time.
1. Draw a quadrilateral in the Cartesian plane, whose vertices are
( 4, 5), (0, 7), (5, 5) and ( 4, 2). Also, fnd its area.
2. The base of an equilateral triangle with side 2a lies along the y-axis
such that the mid-point of the base is at the origin. Find vertices of the
triangle.
3. Find the distance between P (x
1
, y
1
) and Q (x
2
, y
2
) when :
(i) PQ is parallel to the y-axis, (ii) PQ is parallel to the x-axis.
4. Find a point on the x-axis, which is equidistant from the points (7, 6)
and (3, 4).
5. Find the slope of a line, which passes through the origin, and the mid-
point of the line segment joining the points P (0, 4) and B (8, 0).
8
(
P
o
p
u
l
a
t
i
o
n

i
n

c
r
o
r
e
s
)
6. Without using the Pythagoras theorem, show that the points (4, 4),
(3, 5) and (1, 1) are the vertices of a right angled triangle.
7. Find the slope of the line, which makes an angle of 30 with the positive
direction of y-axis measured anticlockwise.
8. Find the value of x for which the points (x,1), (2,1) and (4, 5) are
collinear.
9. Without using distance formula, show that points (2, 1), (4, 0), (3, 3)
and (3, 2) are the vertices of a parallelogram.
10. Find the angle between the x-axis and the line joining the points (3,1)
and (4,2).
11. The slope of a line is double of the slope of another line. If tangent of the
angle between them is
3
1
, fnd the slopes of the lines.
12. A line passes through (x
1
, y
1
) and (h, k). If slope of the line is m, show
that k y
1
= m (h x
1
).
13. If three points (h, 0), (a, b) and (0, k) lie on a line, show that
1 +
k
b
h
a
14. Consider the following population and year graph fg. fnd the slope of
the line AB and using it, fnd what will be the population in the year
2010?
EXERCISE 10.2
E.6. Find the equation of the lines parallel to axes and passing through
(2,3).
E.7. Find the equation of the line through (2,3) with slope 4.
E.8. Write the equation of the line through the points (1, 1) and (3,5)
9
years
E.9. Write the equation of the lines for which tan
2
1

, where is the
inclination of the line and (i) y intercept is
2
3
(ii) x intercepts is 4.
E.10.Find the equation of the line, which makes intercepts 3 and 2 on the
x and y axes respectively.
E.11.Find the equation of the line whose perpendicular distance from the
origin is 4 units and the angle which the normal makes with positive
direction of x-axis is 15.
E.12.The Fahrenheit temperature F and absolute temperature K satisfy a
linear equation. Given that K = 273 when F = 32 and that K = 373
when F = 212. Express K in terms of F and fnd the value of F, when K
= 0.
In Exercises 1 to 8, fnd the equation of the line which satisfy the given
conditions:
1. Write the equations for the x-and y-axes.
2. Passing through the point ( 4, 3) with slope
2
1
3. Passing through (0, 0) with slope m.
4. Passing through (
3 2 , 2
) and inclined with the x-axis at an angle of 75
0
.
5. Intersecting the x-axis at a distance of 3 units to the left of origin with
slope 2.
6. Intersecting the y-axis at a distance of 2 units above the origin and
making an angle of 30
0
with positive direction of the x-axis.
7. Passing through the points (1, 1) and (2, 4).
8. Perpendicular distance from the origin is 5 units and the angle made by
the perpendicular with the positive x-axis is 30
0
.
9. The vertices of PQR are P (2, 1), Q (2, 3) and R (4, 5). Find equation of
the median through the vertex R.
10. Find the equation of the line passing through (3, 5) and perpendicular
to the line through the points (2, 5) and (3, 6).
11. A line perpendicular to the line segment joining the points (1, 0) and
(2, 3) divides it in the ratio 1: n. Find the equation of the line.
12. Find the equation of a line that cuts of equal intercepts on the
coordinate axes and passes through the point (2, 3).
10
13. Find equation of the line passing through the point (2, 2) and cutting of
intercepts on the axes whose sum is 9.
14. Find equation of the line through the point (0, 2) making an angle
3
2
with the positive x-axis. Also, fnd the equation of line parallel to it and
crossing the y-axis at a distance of 2 units below the origin.
15. The perpendicular from the origin to a line meets it at the point (2, 9),
fnd the equation of the line.
16. The length L (in centimetrs) of a copper rod is a linear function of its
Celsius temperature C. In an experiment, if L = 124.942 when C = 20
and L= 125.134 when C = 110, express L in terms of C.
17. The owner of a milk store fnds that, he can sell 980 litres of milk each
week at Rs 14/litre and 1220 litres of milk each week at Rs 16/litre.
Assuming a linear relationship between selling price and demand, how
many litres could he sell weekly at Rs 17/litre?
18. P (a, b) is the mid-point of a line segment between axes. Show that
equation of the line is
2 +
b
y
a
x
.
19. Point R (h, k) divides a line segment between the axes in the ratio 1: 2.
Find equation of the line.
20. By using the concept of equation of a line, prove that the three points
(3, 0), ( 2, 2) and (8, 2) are collinear.
Exercise 10.3
E.13.Equation of a line is 3x 4y + 10 = 0. Find its
(i) slope, (ii) x and y-intercepts.
E.14.Reduce the equation
0 8 3 + y x
into normal form. Find the values of
P and .
E.15.Find the angle between the lines
0 6 3 0 5 3 + x y and x y
.
E.16.Show that two lines
0 , 0 0
2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1
+ + + + b b where c y b x a and c y b x a
are: (i) Parallel if
2
2
1
1
b
a
b
a
, and (ii) Perpendicular if

0
2 1 2 1
+ b b a a
.
E.17.Find the equation of a line perpendicular to the line x 2y + 3 =0 and
passing through the point (1, 2).
E.18.Find the distance of the point (3, 5) from the line 3x 4y 26 =0.
E.19.Find the distance between the parallel lines 3x 4y +7 =0 and
3x 4y +5 =0
11
1. Reduce the following equations into slope - intercept form and fnd their
slopes and the y - intercepts.
(i) x + 7y = 0, (ii) 6x + 3y 5 = 0, (iii) y = 0.
2. Reduce the following equations into intercept form and fnd their
intercepts on the axes.
(i) 3x + 2y 12 = 0, (ii) 4x 3y = 6, (iii) 3y + 2 = 0.
3. Reduce the following equations into normal form. Find their
perpendicular distances from the origin and angle between
perpendicular and the positive x-axis.
(i) x 3 y + 8 = 0, (ii) y 2 = 0, (iii) x y = 4.
4. Find the distance of the point (1, 1) from the line 12(x + 6) = 5(y 2).
5. Find the points on the x-axis, whose distances from the line
1
4 3
+
y x
are 4 units.
6. Find the distance between parallel lines
(i) 15x + 8y 34 = 0 and 15x + 8y + 31 = 0
(ii) l (x + y) + p = 0 and l (x + y) r = 0.
7. Find equation of the line parallel to the line 3x 4y + 2 = 0 and passing
through the point (2, 3).
8. Find equation of the line perpendicular to the line x 7y + 5 = 0 and
having x intercept 3.
9. Find angles between the lines
1 3 1 3 + + y x and y x
.
10. The line through the points (h, 3) and (4, 1) intersects the line
7x 9y 19 =0 at right angle. Find the value of h.
11. Prove that the line through the point (x
1
, y
1
) and parallel to the line
Ax + By + C = 0 is A (x x
1
) + B (y y
1
) = 0.
12. Two lines passing through the point (2, 3) intersects each other at an
angle of 60
0
. If slope of one line is 2, fnd equation of the other line.
13. Find the equation of the right bisector of the line segment joining the
points (3, 4) and (1, 2).
14. Find the coordinates of the foot of perpendicular from the point (1, 3) to
the line 3x 4y 16 = 0.
15. The perpendicular from the origin to the line y = mx + c meets it at the
point (1, 2). Find the values of m and c.
12
16. If p and q are the lengths of perpendiculars from the origin to the lines
x cos y sin = k cos 2 and x sec + y cosec = k, respectively,
prove that p
2
+ 4q
2
= k
2
.
17. In the triangle ABC with vertices A (2, 3), B (4, 1) and C (1, 2), fnd the
equation and length of altitude from the vertex A.
18. If p is the length of perpendicular from the origin to the line whose
intercepts on the axes are a and b, then show that 2 2 2
1 1 1
b a p
+
.
MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISE
E.20.If the lines 2x + y 3 =0, 5x + ky 3 =0 and 3x y 2 = 0 are
concurrent, fnd the value of k.
E.21.Find the distance of the line 4x y =0 from the point P (4,1) measured
along the line making an angle of 135
0
with the positive x-axis.
E.22.Assuming that straight lines work as the plane mirror for a point, fnd
the image of the point (1,2) in the line x 3y + 4 = 0.
E.23.Show that the area of the triangle formed by the lines.
( )
2 1
2
2 1
2 2 1 1
2
0 ,
m m
c c
is x and c x m y c x m y
+ +
.
E.24.A line is such that its segment between the lines :
5x y + 4 = 0 and 3x + 4y 4 =0 is bisected at the point (1,5). Obtain
its equation.
E.25.Show that the path of a moving point such that its distances from two
lines 3x 2y =5 and 3x + 2y =5 are equal is a straight line.
1. Find the values of k for which the line :
(k3) x (4 k
2
) y + k
2
7k + 6 = 0 is
(a) Parallel to the x-axis,
(b) Parallel to the y-axis,
(c) Passing through the origin.
2. Find the values of and p, if the equation x cos + y sin = p is the
normal form of the line 3 x + y + 2 = 0.
3. Find the equations of the lines, which cut-of intercepts on the axes
whose sum and product are 1 and 6, respectively.
13
4. What are the points on the y-axis whose distance from the line
1
4 3
+
y x
is 4 units.
5. Find perpendicular distance from the origin of the line joining the points
(cos, sin ) and (cos , sin ).
6. Find the equation of the line parallel to y-axis and drawn through the
point of intersection of the lines x 7y + 5 = 0 and 3x + y = 0.
7. Find the equation of a line drawn perpendicular to the line
1
6 4
+
y x
through the point, where it meets the y-axis.
8. Find the area of the triangle formed by the lines y x = 0, x + y = 0 and
x k = 0.
9. Find the value of p so that the three lines 3x + y 2 = 0, px + 2 y 3 = 0
and 2x y 3 = 0 may intersect at one point.
10. If three lines whose equations are y = m
1
x + c
1
, y = m
2
x + c
2
and y
= m
3
x + c
3
are concurrent, then show that:
m
1
(c
2
c
3
) + m
2
(c
3
c
1
) + m
3
(c
1
c
2
) = 0.
11. Find the equation of the lines through the point (3, 2) which make an
angle of 45
0
with the line x 2y = 3.
12. Find the equation of the line passing through the point of intersection of
the lines 4x + 7y 3 = 0 and 2x 3y + 1 = 0 that has equal intercepts
on the axes.
13. Show that the equation of the line passing through the origin and
making an angle with the line

+
t +
tan 1
tan
m
m
x
y
is c mx y
.
14. In what ratio, the line joining (1, 1) and (5, 7) is divided by the line
x + y = 4?
15. Find the distance of the line 4x + 7y + 5 = 0 from the point (1, 2) along
the line 2x y = 0.
16. Find the direction in which a straight line must be drawn through the
point (1, 2) so that its point of intersection with the line x + y = 4 may
be at a distance of 3 units from this point.
17. The hypotenuse of a right angled triangle has its ends at the points
(1, 3) and ( 4, 1). Find the equation of the legs (perpendicular sides) of
the triangle if they are parallel to the axes.
14
18. Find the image of the point (3, 8) with respect to the line x +3y = 7
assuming the line to be a plane mirror.
19. If the lines y = 3x +1 and 2y = x + 3 are equally inclined to the line
y = mx + 4, fnd the value of m.
20. If sum of the perpendicular distances of a variable point P (x, y) from the
lines x + y 5 = 0 and 3x 2y +7 = 0 is always 10. Show that P must
move on a line.
21. Find equation of the line which is equidistant from parallel lines
9x + 6y 7 = 0 and 3x + 2y + 6 = 0.
22. A ray of light passing through the point (1, 2) refects on the x-axis at
point A and the refected ray passes through the point (5, 3). Find the
coordinates of A.
23. Prove that the product of the lengths of the perpendiculars drawn from
the points ( ) ( ) 0 , 0 ,
2 2 2 2
b a and b a to the line
2
1 sin cos b is
b
y
a
x
+
.
24. A person standing at the junction (crossing) of two straight paths
represented by the equations 2x 3y + 4 = 0 and 3x + 4y 5 = 0 wants
to reach the path whose equation is 6x 7y + 8 = 0 in the least time.
Find equation of the path that he should follow.
15
Type II (Ext! "!#t$#e Q%est$&ns)

1. Find the equation of a line which passes through the point
(2, 3) and makes an angle of 30 with the positive direction
of x-axis.
2. Find the equation of the line where length of the
perpendicular segment from the origin to the line is 4 and
the inclination of the perpendicular segment with the
positive direction of x-axis is 30.
3. Prove that every straight line has an equation of the form
Ax + By + C = 0, where A, B and C are constants.
4. Find the equation of the straight line passing through (1, 2)
and perpendicular to the line x + y + 7 = 0.
5. Find the distance between the lines 3x + 4y = 9 and
6x + 8y = 15.
6. Show that the locus of the mid-point of the distance
between the axes of the variable line x cos + y sin = p is
2 2 2
4 1 1
p y x
+
where p is a constant.
7. If the line joining two points A(2, 0) and B(3, 1) is rotated
about A in anticlock wise direction through an angle of 15.
Find the equation of the line in new position.
8. If the slope of a line passing through the point A(3, 2) is
4
3
,
then fnd points on the line which are 5 units away from
the point A.
9. Find the equation to the straight line passing through the
point of intersection of the lines 5x 6y 1 = 0 and
3x + 2y + 5 = 0 and perpendicular to the line
3x 5y + 11 = 0.
16
10. If one diagonal of a square is along the line 8x 15y = 0
and one of its vertex is at (1, 2), then fnd the equation of
sides of the square passing through this vertex.
11. Find the equation of the straight line which passes through
the point (1, 2) and cuts of equal intercepts from axes.
12. Find the equation of the line passing through the point (5,
2) and perpendicular to the line joining the points (2, 3)
and (3, 1).
13. Find the angle between the lines y = (2
3
) (x + 5) and
y = (2 +
3
) (x 7).
14. Find the equation of the lines which passes through the
point (3, 4) and cuts of intercepts from the coordinate axes
such that their sum is 14.
15. Find the points on the line x + y = 4 which lie at a unit
distance from the line 4x + 3y = 10.
16. Show that the tangent of an angle between the lines
1 +
b
y
a
x
and
1
b
y
a
x
is
2 2
2
b a
ab
.
17. Find the equation of lines passing through (1, 2) and
making angle 30 with y-axis.
18. Find the equation of the line passing through the point of
intersection of 2x + y = 5 and x + 3y + 8 = 0 and
parallel to the line 3x + 4y = 7.
19. For what values of a and b the intercepts cut of on the
coordinate axes by the line ax + by + 8 = 0 are equal in
length but opposite in signs to those cut of by the line 2x
3y + 6 = 0 on the axes.
20. If the intercept of a line between the coordinate axes is
divided by the point (5,4) in the ratio 1 : 2, then fnd the
equation of the line.
17
21. Find the equation of a straight line on which length of
perpendicular from the origin is four units and the line
makes an angle of 120 with the positive direction
of x-axis.
22. Find the equation of one of the sides of an isosceles right
angled triangle whose hypotenuse is given by 3x + 4y = 4
and the opposite vertex of the hypotenuse is (2, 2).
23. If the equation of the base of an equilateral triangle is
x + y = 2 and the vertex is (2, 1), then fnd the length of
the side of the triangle.
[Hint: Find length of perpendicular (p) from (2, 1) to the
line and use p = l sin 60, where l is the length of side of
the triangle].
24. A variable line passes through a fxed point P. The algebraic
sum of the perpendiculars drawn from the points (2, 0), (0,
2) and (1, 1) on the line is zero. Find the coordinates of the
point P.
25. In what direction should a line be drawn through the point
(1, 2) so that its point of intersection with the line x + y = 4
is at a distance
3
6
from the given point.
26. A straight line moves so that the sum of the reciprocals of
its intercepts made on axes is constant. Show that the line
passes through a fxed point.
27. Find the equation of the line which passes through the
point ( 4, 3) and the portion of the line intercepted
between the axes is divided internally in the ratio 5 : 3 by
this point.
18
28. Find the equations of the lines through the point of
intersection of the lines x y + 1 = 0 and 2x 3y + 5 = 0
and whose distance from the point (3, 2) is
5
7
.
29. If the sum of the distances of a moving point in a plane
from the axes is 1, then fnd the locus of the point.
30. P
1
, P
2
are points on either of the two lines y
3
x = 2 at a
distance of 5 units from their point of intersection. Find
the coordinates of the foot of perpendiculars drawn from P
1
,
P
2
on the bisector of the angle between the given lines.
31. If p is the length of perpendicular from the origin on the
line
1 +
b
y
a
x
and
2 2 2
, , b p a
are in A.P, then show that
0
4 4
+ b a .
32. Find the equation of the line for which p = 5 and
0
135
. Also
sketch the line.
33. A line forms a triangle in the frst quadrant with coordinate axes.
If the area of the triangle is 3 54 sq. units and the perpendicular
drawn from the origin to the line makes an angle 60
0
with x-axis,
fnd the equation of the line.
34. Sketch roughly the lines satisfying the given conditions and write
their equations :
(i) inclination = 150
0
and distance from origin = 3.
(ii) x-intercept = 7 and distance from the origin=2.
(iii) nearest point to the origin is (3, 4).
35. Find the equation of a line which passes through the point
(2, 3) and makes angle 60
0
with the positive direction of x-axis.
36. Find the equation of the straight line which passes through the
point (2,9) and making an angle of 45
0
with x-axis. Also fnd the
points on the line which are at the distance of (i) 2 units
(ii) 5 units from (2,9).
37. The line joining two points A (2,0) and B (3,1) is rotated about A
in anticlockwise direction through an angle of 15
0
. Find the
19
equation of the line in the new position. If B goes to C in the new
position, what will be the coordinate of C?
38. Find the distance of the point (2,5) from the line 3x + y + 4 =0
measured parallel to a line having slope 3/4.
39. Find the direction in which a straight line must be drawn through
the point (1,2) so that its point of intersection with the line
x + y =4 may be at a distance of 3 / 6 unit from this point.
40. Find the equation of the line passing through (3,5) and (1,2),
assuming the equation of the line to be Ax + By + C =0.
41. Reduce
0 2 3 + + y x
to the 'slope-intercept from' and hence fnd
its slope, inclination and y-intercept. Also sketch the line on the
coordinate plane.
42. Reduce 4x 3y 12 =0 to the 'intercept form' and hence fnd its
intercepts on the axes. Also sketch the line on the coordinate
plane.
43. Reduce
0 4 3 + y x
to the 'normal form' and hence fnd the
values of p and . Also sketch the line on the coordinate plane.
44. Find the angle between the lines 3x + y 7 = 0 and
x + 2y + 9 =0.
45. Find the angle between the lines:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 ,
3 2 2 3 2 2
> > + + + + b a where a x b ab y a ab and b x b ab y ab a
.
46. Find the angle between the lines joining the points (0, 0), (2,3)
and (2, 2), (3,5).
47. Prove that the points (2, 1), (0,2), (3,3) and (5,0) are the vertices
of a parallelogram. Also fnd the angle between the diagonals.
48. The acute angle between two lines is /4 and slope of one of
them is . Find the slope of the other line.
49. The slope of a line is double of the slope of another line. If
tangent of the angle between them is 1/3, fnd the slopes of the
lines.
origin and making angle 60
0
with the line
0 3 3 3 + + y x
.
20
51. Find the equations of the lines which pass through (4,5) and
make equal angles with the lines 5x 12 y + 6 =0 and
3x = 4y +7.
52. Show that the equation of the line through the origin and making
an angle with the line y = mx + c are
y =
x
m
m
y and x
m
m
tan 1
tan
tan 1
tan
+
+
.
53. The base of an equilateral triangle is the line x + y 2 =0 and the
vertex is the point (2, 1). Find the equations of the remaining
sides.
54. Two opposite vertices of a square are (3,4) and (1, 1). Find the
coordinates of other vertices.
55. On the portion of the line x + 3y 3 =0 which is intercepted
between the coordinate axes, a square is constructed on the side
of the line away from the origin. Find coordinates of the
intersection of its diagonals. Also, fnd the equations of its sides.
56. Find the equation of the straight line that has y-intercept 4 and is
parallel to the straight line 2x 3y =7.
57. Prove that the line through the point (x
1
, y
1
) and parallel to the
line Ax + by + C =0 is A (x x
1
) + B (y y
1
) =0.
58. Find the equation of the straight line passing through (2,3) and
perpendicular to 4x 3y =10.
59. The line 7x 9y 19 =0 is perpendicular to the line through the
points (x,3) and (4,1). Find the value of x.
60. Assuming the straight lines work as the plane mirror at a point,
fnd the image of the point (1,2) in the line x 3y +4 =0.
61. The point (1,2) is the foot of the perpendicular from the origin to a
straight. Find the equation of this straight line.
62. A line perpendicular to the line segment joining the points (1,0)
and (2,3) divides it in the ration 1 : n. Find the equation of the
line.
21
63. One side of a rectangle lies along the line 4x + 7y + 5 =0. Two of
its vertices are (3,1) and (1,1). Find the equation of the other
three sides.
64. The points (1,3), (5,1) are the opposite vertices of a rectangle. The
other two vertices lie on the line y = 2x + c. Find c and the
remaining vertices.
65. Find which of the following pairs of lines are intersecting,
parallel or coincident:
(i) 2x y +7 =0 and 2x + y 9 =0
(ii) x + 6y +11 = 0 and 2x +12y = 22
(iii) 3x y + 6 =0 and 2y 6x + 11 =0.
intersection of the lines x + y 3 =0 and 2x y =0 and is inclined
at an angle 45
0
with x-axis.
67. A person standing at the junction (crossing) of two straight paths
represents by the equations 2x 3y 4 =0 and 3x + 4y 5 =0,
wants to reach the path whose equation is 6x 7y + 8 =0 in the
least time. Find the equation of the path that he should follow.
68. Two lines cut the axis of x at distances of 4 and 4 and the axis
of y at distances 2 and 6, respectively. Find the coordinates of
their point of intersection.
69. Find the distance of the line 4x y =0 from the point (4,1)
measured along the line making an angle of 135
0
with the
positive direction of the x-axis.
70. Find the coordinates of the foot of perpendicular drawn from the
point (2,3) on the line 3x + 4y + 8 =0.
71. Show that the area of the triangle formed by the lines whose
equations are :
( )
| | 2
0 ,
2 1
2
2 1
2 2 1 1
m m
c c
is x and c x m y c x m y
+ +
sq. units.
72. For what value of k, are the three lines:
0 9 5 0 3 5 2 , 0 1 2 + + + k y x and y x y x
are concurrent?
22
73. If a,b,c are in A.P., prove that lines ax + 2y +1 = 0, bx + 3y +1 =0
and cx+4y+1=0 are concurrent.
74. Find the coordinates of the orthocentre of the triangle whose
vertices are (0,1), (1, 2) and (2, 3).
75. Find the coordinates of the circumcentre of the triangle whose
vertices are (4,3), (2,3) and (6, 1).
76. Find the length of perpendicular from (4,2) to the line
5x 12 y =0.
77. Find the distance between the line 9x + 40 y 20 =0 and
9x + 40 y + 21 =0.
78. Which of the line 2x + 7y 9 =0 and 4x y +11 =0 is farther from
the point (2,3)?
79. If p and q be the lengths of perpendiculars from origin to the
lines x sec + y cosec =k and x cos y sin = k cos 2
respectively, then prove that 4p
2
+ q
2
= k
2
.
80. Find the point on the line x + y +9 =0 whose distance from the
line x + 3y 8 =0 is 10 3 .
81. A straight line passes through the point (1,2) and its distance
from the origin is one unit. Find its equation.
82. If sum of the perpendicular distances of a variable point P (x,y)
from the lines x + y 5 =0 and 3x 2y + 7 =0 is always 10. Show
that P must move on a line.
83. Find the equation of the straight line passing the through the
intersection of 3x + 4y =7 and x y +2 =0 and with slope 5.
84. Find the equation of line parallel to the y-axis and drawn through
the point of intersection of x 7y + 5 = 0 and 3x + y 7
=0.
85. Find the equation of the line passes through the point of
intersection of the lines 4x + 7y 3 =0 and 2x 3y +1 =0, that
has equal intercepts on the axes.
86. Find the equation of the straight line drawn perpendicular to the
line
b
y
a
x
+
=1 through the point, where it meets the y-axis.
23
87. Find the equation of line passing through the intersection of the
line x 3y +1 =0 and 2x + 5y 9 =0 and whose distance from the
origin is 2.
88. If t
1
and t
2
are the roots of the equation t
2
+ t + 1 =0, where is
an arbitrary constant, then prove that the line joining the points
( )
1
2
1
2 , at at and ( )
2
2
2
2 , at at always passes through a fxed point.
Also fnd that point.
89. Find the new coordinates of the following points if the origin is
shifted to (3,2) under a translation :
(i) (1,1) (ii) (2,1) (iii) (5,0) (iv) (1,2)
90. Transform the equation
0 30 18 4 3
2 2
+ + + + y x y x
when the axes are
translated so that the new origin is (2, 3).
91. What does the equation (a b) (x
2
+ y
2
) 2abx =0 become if the
origin is shifted to the point
,
_
0 ,
b a
ab
without rotation?
92. On shifting the origin to the point (1, 1), the axes remaining
parallel to the original axes, the equation of curve becomes
0 2 4 3 4
2 2
+ + + y x y x
. Find the original equation.
93. Find the point to which the origin should be shifted after a
translation of axes so that the equation x
2
+y
2
5x + 2y 5 =0 has
no frst degree terms.
94. Verify that the area of triangle with vertices (4,1), (6, 7) and
(0,5) remain invariant under the translation of axes when the
origin is shifted to the point (2, 4).
95. Prove that the area of a triangle is invariant under the
translation of axes.
96. Determine x so that the line passing of their slopes is 1. If m is
the slope of a line, the positive direction of x-axis.
97. Find the angle between the lines joining the points (0,0), (2,3)
and the points (2,2), (3,5).
98. Let A (6,4) and B (2,12) be two given points. Find the slope of a
line perpendicular to AB.
24
99. Determine x so that 2 is the slope of the line through (2,5) and
(x,3).
100.What is the value of y so that the line through (3,y) and (2,7) is
parallel to the line through (1,4) and (0,6)?
101.Without using Pythagoras theorem, show that A (4,4), B(3,5) and
C (1,1) are the vertices of a right-angled triangle.
102.A quadrilateral has the vertices at the points (4,2); (2,6), (8,5)
and (3,5). Show that the mid-points of the sides of this
quadrilateral are the vertices of a parallelogram.
103.Prove that A (4,3), B (6,4), C (5,6) and D (3,5) are the angular
points of a square.
104.If the angle between two line in
4
and slope of one of the line

2
1
, fnd the slope of the other line.
105.If the points P (h,k), Q (x
1
, y
1
) and R (x
2
, y
2
) lie on a line, show
that :
106. A ray of light passing through the point (1,2) refects on the
x-axis at point A and the refected ray passes through the point
(5,3). Find the co-ordinates of A.
107.Prove that the line joining the mid-points of the two sides of a
triangle is parallel to the third side.
108.If A (2,0), B (0,2) and C (0,7) are three vertices, taken in order, of
an isosceles trapezium ABCD in which AB || DC. Find the
coordinates of D.
109.If points (a, 0), (0,b) and (x, y) are collinear, using the concept of
slope prove that
1 +
b
y
a
x
.
110.By using the concept of slope, prove that the diagonals of a
rhombus are at right angles.
111.Using the concept of slope, prove that medians of an equilateral
triangle are perpendicular to the corresponding sides.
112.Prove that a triangle which has one of the angle as 30
0
, cannot
have all vertices with integral coordinate.
25
113.The vertices of a triangle are A (x
1
, x
1
tan
1
), B (x
2
, x
2
tan
2
) and
C (x
3
, x
3
tan
3
). If the circumcentre of ABC coincide with the
origin and H
( ) y x,
is the orthocenter, show that
3 2 1
3 2 1
cos cos cos
sin sin sin
+ +
+ +
x
y
.
26
Type III (O'(e#t$)e Q%est$&ns)
1. If two vertices of an equilateral triangle have integral coordinates then
the third vertex will have
(a) integral coordinates
(b) coordinates which are rational
(c) at least one coordinate irrational
(d) coordinates which are irrational
2. The polar coordinates of the vertices of a triangle are (0, 0), ( ) 2 / , 3
and ( ) 6 / , 3 . Then the triangle is
(a) right angled (b) isosceles
(c) equilateral (d) none of these
3. A point moves in the x-y plane such that the sum of its distances from
two mutually perpendicular lines is always equal to 3. The area
enclosed by the locus of the point is
(a)
2
unit 18 (b)
2
unit
2
9
(c)
2
unit 9 (d) None of these.
4. If vertices P, Q, R, R of a triangle PQR are rational points then which of
the following point of the triangle PQR may not be a rational point.
(a) Centriod (b) Circumcentre
(c) Orthocentre (d) incentre
5. The coordinates of the four vertices of a quadrilateral are (2, 4), (1,
2), (1, 2) and(2, 4) taken in order. The equation of the line passing
through the vertex (1, 2) and dividing the quadrilateral in two equal
areas is
(a) x + 1 = 0 (b) x + y = 1
(c) x y + 3 = 0 (d) none of these
6. The foot of the perpendicular on the line
+ y x 3
drawn from the
origin is C. If the line cuts the x-axis and y-axis at A and B
respectively then BC : CA is
(a) 1 : 3 (b) 3 : 1 (c) 1 : 9 (d) 9 : 1
7. The distance of the line
4 3 2 y x
from the point (1, 1) in the direction
of the line
1 + y x
is
(a) 2 (b) 52 (c)
2
1
(d) none
27
8. The coordinates of two consecutive vertices A and B of a regular
hexagon ABCDEF are (1, 0) and (2, 0) respectively. The equation of the
diagonal CE is
(a) 3x + y = 4 (b) x + 3y + 4 = 0
(c) x + 3y = 4 (d) none of these
9. ABC is an isosceles triangle in which A is
( ) 0 , 1
, 3 / 2 A , AB =
AC and AB is along the x-axis. If BC = 43 then the equation of the
line BC is
(a) x + 3y = 3 (b) 3x + y = 3
(c) x + y = 3 (d) None of these.
10. The graph of the function ( ) ( ) 1 cos 2 cos . cos
2
+ + x x x is a
(a) straight line passing the point ( ) 1 sin , 0
2
with slope 2
(b) straight line passing through the origin
(c) parabola with vertex ( ) 1 sin , 1
2
(d) straight line passing through the point ( ) 1 sin , 2 /

2
and
parallel to the x-axis
11. The limiting position of the point of intersection of the lines
1 4 3 + y x
and ( ) 2 3 1
2
+ + y c x c as c tends to 1 is
(a) (5, 4) (b) (5, 4)
(c) (4, 5) (d) none of these
12. If a vertex of an equilateral triangle is the origin and the side opposite
to it has the equation
1 + y x
then the orthocenter of the triangle is
(a)
,
_
3
1
,
3
1
(b)

,
_
3
2
,
3
2
(c)
,
_
3
2
,
3
2
(d) None of these
13. Let the perpendiculars from any point on the line
5 11 2 + y x
upon the
lines
20 7 24 + y x
and
2 3 4 y x
have the lengths p and
p
respectively. Then
(a)
p p 2
(b)
p p
(c)
p p 2
(d) None
14. If ( ) 2 / 2 , 2 / 1 t t P + + be any point on a line then the range of values of
t for which the point P lies between the parallel lines
1 2 + y x
and
15 4 2 + y x
is
(a)
6
2 5
3
2 4
< < t (b)
6
2 5
0 < < t
(c) 0
5
2 4
< < t (d) none of these.
15. If a, b, c are any three terms of an AP then the line ax + by + c = 0
(a) has a fxed direction
28
(b) always passes through a fxed point
(c) always cuts intercepts on the axes such that their sum is zero
(d) forms a triangle with the axes whose area is constant
29
16. If a, b, c are in GP then the line ax + by + c = 0
(a) has a fxed direction
(b) always passes through a fxed point
(c) forms a triangle with the axis whose area is constant
(d) always cuts intercepts on the axes such that their sum is zero
17. A family of lines is given by
( ) ( ) 0 1 2 1 + + + y x
, being the
parameter. The line belonging to this family at the maximum distance
from the point (1, 4) is
(a)
0 1 4 + y x
(b)
0 7 12 33 + + y x
(c)
7 33 12 + y x
(d) none of these
18. If the point (a, a) falls between the lines
2 + y x
then
(a)
2 a
(b)
1 a
(c)
1 < a
(d)
2
1
< a
19. If ( ) 2 / 1 , sin A and ( ) cos , 2 / 1 B ,

, are two points on
the same side of the line
0 y x
then
belongs to the interval

(a)
,
_

,
_
4
3
,
4 4
,
4

(b)
,
_
4
,
4

(c)
,
_
4
3
,
4

(d) none of these
20. The straight lines
0 2 3 4
1
+ y x L
,
0 4 4 3
2
+ y x L
and
0 6 7
3
+ y x L

(a) form a right-angled triangle
(b) form a right-angled isosceles triangle
(c) are concurrent
(d) none of these
21. The equation of the bisector of the acute angle between the lines
0 4 2 + y x
and
1 2 y x
is
(a)
0 5 + + y x
(b)
0 1 + y x
(c)
5 y x
(d) none of these.
22. The equation of the bisector of that angle between the lines
3 + y x
and
2 2 y x
which contains the point (1, 1) is
(a) ( ) ( ) 2 2 5 3 2 5 2 2 5 + + y x
(b) ( ) ( ) 2 2 5 3 2 5 2 2 5 + + + y x
(c) 3x = 10
(d) none of these
23. If the point
( ) sin , cos
does not fall in that angle between the lines
1 x y
in which the origin lies then
belongs to
30
(a)
,
_
2
3
,
2

(b)
,
_
2
,
2

(c)
( ) , 0
(d) none
31
24. The points (1, 1) and (1, 1) are symmetrical about the line
(a) 0 + x y (b) x y (c) 1 + y x (d) none
25. The equation of the line segment AB is
x y
. If A and B lie on the
same side of the line mirror
1 2 y x
, the image of AB has the
equation
(a)
2 + y x
(b)
9 8 + y x
(c)
6 7 y x
(d) none
26. Let
( ) 1 , 1 P
and Q = (3, 2). The point R on the x-axis such that
Q P +
is the minimum is
(a)
,
_
0 ,
3
5
(b)
,
_
0 ,
3
1
(c)
( ) 0 , 3
(d)
none
27. If a ray travelling along the line x = 1 gets refected from the line x
+ y = 1 then the equation of the line along which the refected ray
travels is
(a)
y = 0
(b) x y = 1 (c)
x = 0
(d)
none
28.
The point P(2, 1) is shifted by
2 3
parallel to the line 1 + y x , in the
direction of increasing ordinate, to reach Q. The image of Q by the line
1 + y x
is
(a) (5, 2) (b)
( ) 2 , 1
(c) (5, 4) (d)
( ) 4 , 1
29. Let
( ) 0 , 1 A
and
( ) 1 , 2 B
. The line AB turns about A through an
angle 6 / in the clockwise sense, and the new position of B is B .
Then B has the coordinates
(a)

,
_
+
2
1 3
,
2
3 3
(b)

,
_
+
2
1 3
,
2
3 3
(c)

,
_
+
2
3 1
,
2
3 1
(d) none of these
30. Two points A and B move on the x-axis and the y-axis respectively
such that the distance between the two points is always the same. The
locus of the middle point of AB is
(a) a straight line (b) a pair of straight lines
(c) a circle (d) none of these.
31. A variable line through the point (a, b) cuts the axes of reference at A
and B respectively. The lines through A and B parallel to the y-axis
and the x-axis respectively meet at P. Then the locus of P has the
equation
(a)
1 +
b
y
a
x
(b)
1 +
a
y
b
x
(c)
1 +
y
b
x
a
(d)
1 +
y
a
x
b
32. The equation
0 5 4
2 2
+ + y xy kx
represents two lines inclined at an angle
if k is
32
(a)
4
5
(b)
5
4
(c)
5
4
(d) none
33. The equation 0
3 3
+ y x represents
(a) three real straight lines
(b) three points
(c) the combined equation of a straight line and a circle
(d) none of these.
34. If the slope of one line is double the slope of another line and the
combined equation of the pair of lines is 0
2
2 2
+ +
b
y
h
xy
a
x
then
2
: h ab
is equal to
(a) 9 : 8 (b) 3 : 2 (c) 8 : 3 (d) none
35. The triangle formed by the lines whose combined equation is
( ) ( ) 0 1 4
2 2
+ y x x xy y is
(a) equilateral (b) right angled
(c) isosceles (d) obtuse angled
36. The three lines whose combined equation is 0 4
2 3
y x y form a
triangle which is
(a) isosceles (b) equilateral
(c) right angled (d) none of these
37. The equation
! y x y x + + + 35 18 8 3 2
2 2
represents
(a) no locus if
0 > !
(b) an ellipse if
0 < !
(c) a point if K = 0 (d) a hyperbola if
0 > !

38. The area of the triangle formed by two rays whose combined equation is
x y
and the line
2 2 + y x
is
(a)
2
unit
3
8
(b)
2
unit
3
4
(c)
2
unit 4
(d)
2
unit
3
16
39. The centroid of the triangle whose three sides are given by the
combined equation ( ) ( ) 0 1 2 7
2 2
+ + y y xy x is
(a)

,
_
0 ,
3
2
(b)

,
_
3
2
,
3
7
(c)

,
_
3
2
,
3
7
(d) None
40. The orthocenter of the triangle formed by the pair of lines
0 1 2 2
2 2
+ + y x y xy x and the line
0 1 + + y x
is
(a) ( ) 0 , 1 (b) (0, 1) (c) (1, 1) (d) none
41. The angle between the pair of lines whose equation is
0 10 5 10 4
2 2
+ + + + y x my xy x is
(a)
8
3
tan
1
(b)
4
3
tan
1
(c)
m
m
m
,
4
4 25 2
tan
1
(d) none of these
33
42. The combined equation of the pair of lines through the point (1, 0) and
parallel to the lines represented by 0 2
2 2
y xy x is
(a)
6 4 2 2
2 2
+ y x y xy x
(b)
0 2 4 2
2 2
+ y x y xy x
(c) 0 2 4 2
2 2
+ + y x y xy x
(d) none of these
43. The pair of lines 3
2
x 4xy + 3
2
y = 0 are rotated about the origin by
6
in the anticlockwise sense. The equation of the pair in the new

position is
(a) 3
2
x xy = 0 (b)
2
x 3xy = 0
(c)
xy
3
2
y = 0 (d) none of these
44. The equation of the image of the pair of rays
x y
by the line 1 x is
(a)
2 + x y
(b)
x y + 2
(c)
2 x y
(d) none of these
45. Two lines represented by the equation 0 1 2
2 2
+ x y x are rotated
about the point (1, 0) the line making the bigger angle with the positive
direction of the x-axis being turned by 45 in the clockwise sense and
the other line being turned by 15 in the anticlockwise sense. The
combined equation of the pair of lines in their new positions is
(a) 0 3 3 2 3
2
+ + y x xy x
(b) 0 3 3 2 3
2
+ + y x xy x
(c) 0 3 3 2 3
2
+ x xy x
(d) none of these
46.
x
y 10 is the refection of
x y
10
log
in the line whose equation is
(a) y = x (b) y = x (c) y = 10x (d) y = 10x
47. Let PQR be a right angled isosceles triangle, right angled at P(2, 1). If
the equation of the line QR is
3 2 + y x
, then the equation representing
the lines PQ and PR is
(a)
0 25 10 20 8 3 3
2 2
+ + + + y x xy y x
(b)
0 25 10 20 8 3 3
2 2
+ + y x xy y x
(c)
0 20 15 10 8 3 3
2 2
+ + + + y x xy y x
(d)
0 20 15 10 8 3 3
2 2
y x xy y x
48. Line L has intercepts a and b on the coordinate axes. When the axes
are rotated through a given angle, keeping the origin fxed, the same
line L has intercepts p and q, then
(a)
2 2 2 2
q p b a + +
(b)
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
q p b a
+ +
(c)
2 2 2 2
q b p a + +
(d)
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
q b p a
+ +
49. The orthocentre of triangle formed by the lines xy = 0 and x + y = 1 is
(a)
,
_
2
1
,
2
1
(b)
,
_
3
1
,
3
1
(c)
( ) 0 , 0
(d)
,
_
4
1
,
4
1
34
50. The diagonals of parallelogram PQRS are along the lines
4 3 + y x
and
7 2 6 y x
. Then PQRS must be
(a) rectangle (b) square
(c) cyclic quadrilateral (d) rhombus
35
51. The inclination of the line x y + 3 = 0 with the positive direction
of x-axis is
(a) 45 (b) 135 (c) 45 (d) 135
52. The two lines ax + by = c and a'x + b'y = c'are perpendicular if
(a) aa'+ bb'= 0 (b) ab'= ba'
(c) ab + a b'= 0 (d) ab'+ ba'= 0
53. The equation of the line passing through (1, 2) and perpendicular
to x + y + 7 = 0 is
(a) y x + 1 = 0 (b) y x 1 = 0
(c) y x + 2 = 0 (d) y x 2 = 0.
54. The distance of the point P (1, 3) from the line 2y 3x = 4 is
(a) 13 (b)
13
13
7
(c) 13 (d) none of these
55. The coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular from the point (2,
3) on the line x + y 11 = 0 are
(a) (6, 5) (b) (5, 6) (c) (5, 6)
(d) (6, 5)
56. The intercept cut of by a line from y-axis is twice than that from
x-axis, and the line passes through the point (1, 2). The equation
of the line is
(a) 2x + y = 4 (b) 2x + y + 4 = 0
(c) 2x y = 4 (d) 2x y + 4 = 0
57. A line passes through P (1, 2) such that its intercept between the
axes is bisected at P. The equation of the line is
(a) x + 2y = 5 (b) x y + 1 = 0
(c) x + y 3 = 0 (d) 2x + y 4 = 0
58. The refection of the point (4, 13) about the line 5x + y + 6 = 0
is
(a) ( 1, 14) (b) (3, 4)
(c) (0, 0) (d) (1, 2)
59. A point moves such that its distance from the point (4, 0) is half
that of its distance from the line x = 16. The locus of the point is
(a) 3x2 + 4y2 = 192 (b) 4x2 + 3y2 = 192
(c) x2 + y2 = 192 (d) None of these
60. A line cutting of intercept 3 from the y-axis and the tengent at
angle to the xaxis is
5
3
, its equation is
(a) 5y 3x + 15 = 0 (b) 3y 5x + 15 = 0
(c) 5y 3x 15 = 0 (d) None of these
61. Slope of a line which cuts of intercepts of equal lengths on the
axes is
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) 3
36
62. The equation of the straight line passing through the point (3, 2)
and perpendicular to the line y = x is
(a) x y = 5 (b) x + y = 5
(c) x + y = 1 (d) x y = 1
37
63. The equation of the line passing through the point (1, 2) and
perpendicular to the line x + y + 1 = 0 is
(a) y x + 1 = 0 (b) y x 1 = 0
(c) y x + 2 = 0 (d) y x 2 = 0
64. The tangent of angle between the lines whose intercepts on the
axes are a, b and b, a, respectively, is
(a)
ab
b a
2 2
(b)
2
2 2
a b
(c)
ab
a b
2
2 2
(d) none of these

65. If the line
1 +
b
y
a
x
passes through the points (2, 3) and (4, 5),
then (a, b) is :
(a) (1, 1) (b) (1, 1)
(c) (1, 1) (d) (1, 1)
66. The distance of the point of intersection of the lines 2x 3y + 5 =
0 and 3x + 4y = 0 from the line 5x 2y = 0 is:
(a)
29 17
130
(b)
29 7
13
(c)
7
130
(d) none of these
67. The equation of the lines which pass through the point (3, 2)
and are inclined at 60
0
to the line 3 x + y = 1 is :
(a)
0 3 3 2 3 , 0 2 + y x y
(b)
0 3 3 2 3 , 0 2 + + y x x
(c)
0 3 3 2 3 y x
(d) none of these
68. The equation of the lines passing through the point (1, 0) and at
a distance
2
3
from the origin, are :
(a)
0 3 3 , 0 3 3 + y x y x
(b)
0 3 3 , 0 3 3 + + + y x y x
(c)
0 3 3 , 0 3 3 + y x y x
(d) none of these
69. The distance between the lines y = mx + c
1
and y = mx + c
2
is :
(a)
1
2
2 1
+
m
c c
(b)
2
2 1
1
| |
m
c c
+
(c)
2
1 2
1 m
c c
+
(d) 0
70. The coordinates of the foot of perpendiculars from the point (2,3)
on the line y = 3x + 4 is given by:
(a)

,
_

10
1
,
10
37
(b)

,
_

10
37
,
10
1
(c)

,
_
10 ,
37
10
(d)

,
_
3
1
,
3
2
38
71. If the coordinates of the middle point of the portion of a line
intercepted between the coordinate axes is (3,2), then the
equation of the line will be :
(a) 2x + 3y = 12 (b) 3x + 2y = 12
(c) 4x 3y =6 (d) 5x 2y = 10
72. Equation of the line passing through (1,2) and parallel to the line
y = 3x 1 is :
(a) y + 2 = x + 1 (b) y + 2 = 3 (x + 1)
(c) y 2 = 3 (x 1) (d) y 2 = x 1
73. Equations of diagonals of the square formed by the lines
x = 0, y = 0, x = 1 and y = 1 are :
(a) y = x, y + x = 1 (b) y = x, x + y = 2
(c) 2y = x, y + x =
3
1
(d) y = 2x, y + 2x = 1
74. For specifying a straight line, how many geometrical parameters
should be known?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 3
75. The point (4,1) undergoes the following two successive
transformations :
(i) Refection about the line y = x
(ii) Translation through a distance 2 units along the positive x-
axis
Then the fnal coordinates of the point are:
(a) (4,3) (b) (3,4) (c) (1,4) (d)

,
_
2
7
,
2
7
76. A point equidistant from the lines
4x + 3y + 10 = 0, 5x 12y + 26 = 0 and 7x + 24y 50 = 0.
(a) (1, 1) (b) (1,1) (c) (0,0) (d) (0,1)
77. A line passes through (2,2) and is perpendicular to the line
3x + y = 3. Its yintercept is :
(a)
3
1
(b)
3
2
(c) 1 (d)
3
4
78. The ratio in which the line 3x + 4y + 2 = 0 divides the distance
between the lines 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 and 3x + 4y 5 = 0 is :
39
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 3 : 7 (c) 2 : 3 (d) 2 : 5
40
80. Fill in the blanks :
(a) If a, b, c are in A.P., then the straight lines ax + by + c = 0 will always
pass through _____________.
(b) The line which cuts of equal intercept from the axes and pass through
the point (1, 2) is ________________.
(c) Equations of the lines through the point (3, 2) and making an angle of
45 with the line x 2y = 3 are _______________.
(d) The points (3, 4) and (2, 6) are situated on the _____________________
of the line 3x 4y 8 = 0.
(e) A point moves so that square of its distance from the point (3, 2) is
numerically equal to its distance from the line 5x 12y = 3. The
equation of its locus is ____.
(f) Locus of the mid-points of the portion of the line
x sin + y cos = p intercepted between the axes is
____________.
81. State whether the statements True or False
(a) If the vertices of a triangle have integral coordinates, then the
triangle can not be equilateral.
(b) The points A ( 2, 1), B (0, 5), C ( 1, 2) are collinear.
(c) Equation of the line passing through the point (a cos3, a sin3)
and perpendicular to the line x sec + y cosec = a is x cos
y sin = a sin 2.
(d) The straight line 5x + 4y = 0 passes through the point of
intersection of the straight lines x + 2y 10 = 0 and
2x + y + 5 = 0.
(e) The vertex of an equilateral triangle is (2, 3) and the equation of
the opposite side is x + y = 2. Then the other two sides are
y 3 = (2 3 ) (x 2).
(f) The equation of the line joining the point (3, 5) to the point of
intersection of the lines 4x + y 1 = 0 and 7x 3y 35 = 0 is
equidistant from the points (0, 0) and (8, 34).
(g) The line
1 +
b
y
a
x
moves in such a way that
2 2 2
1 1 1
c b a
+
, where c is
a constant. The locus of the foot of the perpendicular from the
origin on the given line is x
2
+ y
2
= c
2
.
41
(h) The lines ax + 2y + 1 = 0, bx + 3y + 1 = 0 and cx + 4y + 1 = 0 are
concurrent if a, b, c are in G.P.
(i) Line joining the points (3, 4) and ( 2, 6) is perpendicular to the
line joining the points (3, 6) and (9, 18).
42
82. Match the Columns:
I.
Column C
1
Column C
2
(a)The coordinates of the
points P and Q on the line
x + 5y = 13 which are at a
distance of 2 units from the
line 12x 5y + 26 = 0 are
(i) (3, 1), (7, 11)
(b)The coordinates of the
point on the line x +y =4,l
which are at a unit
distance from the line
4x + 3y 10 =0
(ii)
,
_
,
_
3
7
,
3
4
,
3
11
,
3
1
(c) The coordinates of the
point on the line joining A
(2, 5) and B (3,1) such
that AP = PQ = QB are
(iii)
,
_

,
_
5
16
, 3 ,
5
12
, 1
II. The value of the , if the lines (2x + 3y + 4) + (6x y +12) = 0
are :
Column C
1
Column C
2
(a)parallel to y-axis is (i)
=
4
3
(b)perpendicular to 7x + y 4
=0 is
(ii)
= -
3
1
(c) passes through (1, 2) is (iii)
= -
41
17
(d)parallel to x axis is (iv) = 3
III. The equation of the line through the intersection of the lines
2x 3y = 0 and 4 x 5y = 2 and :
Column C
1
Column C
2
(a)through the point (2,1) is (i) 2 x y = 4
(b)perpendicular to the line x
+ 2y +1 = 0 is
(ii) x + y 5 = 0
(c) parallel to the line 3x 4y
+ 5 = 0
(iii
)
x y 1 = 0
(d)equally inclined to the axes
is
(iv) 3x 4y 1 = 0
43
Type*1 (ANS+ERS)
NCERT EXAMPLES
E.1 (a)
2
3
(b) 0 (c)
0
6
(d) 3
E.2.m =3 or
3
1
E.3 1 or x =4
E.5.6(T3) = 3(D8) or D =2 (T+1) E.6.x =2
E.7.4 (x+2) or 4x+y+5 =0
E.8.3x+y+4 =0, which is the required equation.
E.9.0 E.10.2x3y+6=0 E.11.y=4 or y = 2 8
E.12.F = 459.4 E.13.(i)
2
5
4
3
+ x
(ii) 1
E.14.p =4, = 30
0
E.15.
3
1
E.17.y=2x E.18.
5
3
E.19.
5
2
Miscellae!"s Exa#$les
E.20.k =2
E.21. 2 3
E.22.
5
7
5
6
k and h
E.24.107x3y92=0
Exercise 10.1
44
Exercise 10.2
Exercise 10.3
45
Miscellae!"s Exercise ! C%a$&er ' 10
46
Type II (Ans,es Ext! p!#t$#e Q%est$&ns)
1.
( ) 0 2 3 3 3 + y x
2.
8 3 + y x
4. x y 1 = 0 5.
10
3
7.
0 3 2 3 + x y
8. (1, 1) or (7, 5)
9. 5x + 3y +8 = 0 10. 7x + 23y 53 = 0
11. x + y + 1 = 0 12. x 4y + 3 = 0
13. 60
0
or 120
0
14. x + y = 7 or
1
8 6
+
y x
15. (3, 1), (7, 11) 17.
0 3 2 3 + x y
18. 3x + 4y + 3 = 0 19.
4 ,
3
8
b a
20. 8x 5y + 60 = 0 21.
8 3 + y x
22. x 7y 12 = 0 23.
3
2
24. (1, 1) 25. 15
0
or 75
0
27. 9x 20y + 96 = 0 28. 3x 4y + 6 = 0 and 4x 3y +1 = 0
30.

,
_
+
2
3 5
2 , 0
32.
0 2 5 + y x
33.
0 18 3 + y x
34. (i)
0 6 3 + y x
(ii)
0 14 5 3 2 y x
(iii) 3x 4y 25 = 0
35.
2 / 3
3
2 / 1
2
+ y x
=r, where 'r' is the distance between (x,y) and (2,3)
36. (i)
( ) 2 9 , 2 2 + +
(ii)

,
_
+ +
2
5
9 ,
2
5
2
37.
0 3 2 3 y x
,
,
_
+
2
6
,
2
2
2
38. 5 units
39. 15
0
or 75
0
40. 7x 2y 11 = 0
41.
0
120 , 2 , 3
52. 4
43. p =2 and = 30
0
44. = 45
0
45.
4 4
2 2
1
4
tan
b a
b a

46.
( ) 23 / 11 tan
1

48. 1/3 or 3. 49. 1,
2 , 1 ,
2
1

50.
0 , 0 3 x y x
51. 4x 7y + 19 =0, 7x + 4y 48 =0.
53.
( ) ( ) 0 3 2 5 3 2 0 3 2 5 3 2 + + y x and y x
47
54. D are (9/2, 1/2) and B are (1/2, 5/2)
55. Equation AD = 3x y 9 = 0, Equation of BC = 3x y +1 =0
56. 2x 3y + 12 = 0 58. 3x + 4y 18 = 0
59. x =
9
22
60. h =
5
6
, k =
5
7
61. x + 2y 5 = 0 62.
0
1
11
3
+
+
+
n
n
y x
63. AD = 7x 4y + 25 = 0, CD = 4x + 7y 11 = 0
BC = 7x 4y 3 = 0
64. (2, 0), (4, 4)
65. (i)
2
1
2
1
B
B
A
A
, so that lines are intersecting.

(ii)
2
1
2
1
2
1
C
C
B
B
A
A

, so the lines are coincident.
(iii)
,
2
1
2
2
2
1
C
C
B
B
A
A

so the lines are parallel.
66. x y +1 = 0 67. 119x + 102y 205 = 0
68. (2,3) 69. 2 3 units.
70. (28/25, 29/25) 72. k = 4
74. (7, 6) 75. (1, 1) 76. 1
77. 1 78. 2.198, 3.881
80. (65/2, 47/2) and (5/2, 13/2)
81. 3x + 4y 5 = 0 and x = 1
83. 35x 7y + 18 = 0 84. x 2 = 0
85. 5x y = 0 and 13x + 13y 6 = 0
86. ax by + b
2
= 0 87. 3x + 4y 10 = 0, x 2 = 0
88. (a, 0)
89. (i) (4,3)(ii) 1,3) (iii) (8,2)(iv) (2,0)
90. X
2
+ 3y
2
=1 91. ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2
b a Y X b a +
92. 4X
2
+ Y
2
5X 2Y = 0
48
93. (5/2, 1) 94. 12sq. units.
96. x = 2 97.

,
_
t

23
11
tan
1
98. AB is
2
1 1

m
99. x =1
100.y =9 101.1
104.3 or
3
1
106. h =
5
13
108.x = 7 and y =0
49

Attri D's Mathematics Academy and Resonant Classes

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Attri D's Mathematics Academy and Resonant Classes

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nzks.kkpk;Z nzks.

kkpk;Z Academy and Resonant Classes Academy and Resonant Classes

free from arbitrary constants (parameters).

but if they are not equal to

and slope of one of the lines

, and (ii) Perpendicular if

and slope of one of the line

(d) straight line passing through the point ( ) 1 sin , 2 /

belongs to the interval

in the anticlockwise sense. The equation of the pair in the new

(d) none of these

, so that lines are intersecting.

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