Submitted by: Renalyn S.

Santiago
CIVIL PROCEDURE
The different levels of courts and the subject matter and classification of
the jurisdiction of each are:
(1) First Level: Metropolitan Trial Court, Muniipal Trial Court,
Muniipal Ciruit Trial Court (MTCs, MeTCs, MCTCs) are courts of
original jurisdiction without appellate jurisdiction which try and decide the
following:
1.) riminal cases
!a) "#clusive original jurisdiction
1. Summary proceedings for violations of city or municipal
ordinances committed within their respective territorial jurisdiction$ including
traffic laws%
&. 'ffenses punishable with imprisonment not e#ceeding si# !()
years irrespective of the amount of fine$ and regardless of other imposable
accessory or other penalties$ including the civil liability arising from such
offenses or predicated thereon$ irrespective of the )ind$ nature$ value or
amount thereof% provided however$ that in offenses involving damage to
property through criminal negligence$ they shall have e#clusive original
jurisdiction thereof !Sec. &$ R* +(,1).
&$) ivil actions
!a) "#clusive original jurisdiction
1. ivil actions and probate proceedings$ testate and intestate$
including the grant of provisional remedies in proper cases$ where the
value of the personal property$ estate$ or amount the demand does not
e#ceed of -&..$... outside // or does not e#ceed -0..$... in //
!/etro /anila)$ e#clusive of interest$ damages of whatever )ind$ attorney1s
fees$ litigation e#penses$ and costs.
&. Summary proceedings of forcible entry and unlawful detainer$
violation of rental law.
2. title to$ or possession of$ real property$ or any interest therein
where the assessed value of the property or interest therein does not
e#ceed -&.$... outside // or does not e#ceed -3.$... in /etro /anila.
2.) Special jurisdiction over petition for writ of habeas corpus and
application for bail if the RT 4udge in area is not available
0.) 5elegated jurisdiction to hear and decide cadastral and land
registration cases where there is no controversy provided the value of
the lad to be ascertained by the claimant does not e#ceed -1..$...
3.) 4urisdiction over small claims such as for payment of money where the
value of the claim does not e#ceed -1..$... e#clusive of interest and
costs.
(!) "eon# Level:Re$ional Trial Court(RTC), Fa%il& Courts is a
court of original jurisdiction with respect to cases originally filed with it and
e#ercise appellate jurisdiction to review cases appealed from courts of the first
level% courts of general jurisdiction.
Jurisdiction of RTC:
1. "#clusive original jurisdiction
!a) matters incapable of pecuniary estimation$ such as rescission
of contract%
!b) title to$ possession of$ or interest in$ real property with
assessed value e#ceeding -&.$... !outside /etro /anila)$ or e#ceeds
-3.$... in /etro /anila%
!c) probate proceedings where the gross value of the estate
e#ceeds -2..$... outside // or e#ceeds -0..$... in //%
!d) admiralty or maritime cases where the demand or claim
e#ceeds -2..$... outside // or e#ceeds -0..$... in //%
!e) other actions involving property valued at more than
-2..$... outside // or more than -0..$... in //%
!f.) criminal cases not within the e#clusive jurisdiction of the
Sandiganbayan%
&. 'riginal e#clusive jurisdiction over cases not falling within the
jurisdiction of any court$ tribunal$ person or body e#ercising judicial or 6uasi7
judicial functions
2. 'riginal and e#clusive jurisdiction to hear and decide intra7corporate
controversies:
(a) ases involving devises or schemes employed by or any
acts$ of
the board of directors$ business associates$ its officers or partnership$
amounting to fraud and misrepresentation which may be detrimental to
the interest of the public and8or of the stoc)holders$ partners$ members
of associations or organi9ations registered with the S"%
!b) ontroversies arising out of intra7corporate or partnership
relations$ between and among stoc)holders$ members or associates%
between any or all of them and the corporation$ partnership or
association of which they are stoc)holders$ members or associates$
respectively% and between such corporation $ partnership or
association and the state insofar as it concerns their individual
franchise or right to e#ist as such entity%
!c) ontroversies in the election or appointments of directors$
trustees$ officers or managers of such corporations$ partnerships or
associations%
!d) -etitions of corporations$ partnerships or associations to be
declared in the state of suspension of payments in cases where the
corporation$ partnership of association possesses sufficient property to
cover all its debts but foresees the impossibility of meeting them when
they respectively fall due or in cases where the corporation$
partnership of association has no sufficient assets to cover its
liabilities$ but is under the management of a Rehabilitation Receiver or
/anagement ommittee.
0. oncurrent and original jurisdiction

!a) with the Supreme ourt in actions affecting ambassadors$ other
public ministers and consuls%
!b) with the S and * in petitions for certiorari$ prohibition and
mandamus against lower courts and bodies in petitions for 6uo warranto$
habeas corpus$ and writ of continuing mandamus on environmental cases%
!c) with the S$ *$ and Sandiganbayan in petitions for writs of habeas
data and amaparo.
3. *ppellate jurisdiction over cases decided by lower courts in their respective
territorial jurisdictions
(. Special jurisdiction over 45R$ agrarian and urban land reform cases not
within the e#clusive jurisdiction of 6uasi7judicial agencies when so designated by
the S.
Jurisdiction of Family Courts
"#clusive original jurisdiction over the following cases:
1. -etitions for guardianship$ custody of children$ and habeas corpus
involving children

&. -etitions for adoption of children and the revocation thereof
2. omplaints for annulment of marriage$ declaration of nullity of marriage
and those relating to status and property relations of husband and wife or those
living together under different status and agreements$ and petitions for
dissolution of conjugal partnership of gains

0. -etitions for support and8or ac)nowledgment
3. Summary judicial proceedings brought under the provisions of "' &.,
!:amily ode).
(. -etitions for declaration of status of children as abandoned$ dependent
or neglected children$ petitions for voluntary or involuntary commitment of
children$ the suspension$ termination or restoration of parental authority and
other cases cogni9able under -5 (.2$ "' 3( !1,;() and other related laws
+. -etitions for the constitution of the family home.
;. <n areas where there are no :amily ourts$ the above7enumerated
cases shall be adjudicated by the RT !R* ;2(,)
('() T )ir# Level: Court o* +ppeals, "an#i$an,a&an Court o*
+ppeals is primarily a court of appellate jurisdiction with competence to review
judgments of the RTs and specified 6uasi7judicial agencies !Sec. ,=2>$ ?- 1&,).
<t is also a court of original jurisdiction with respect to cases filed before it
involving issuance of writs of certiorari$ mandamus$ 6uo warranto$ habeas
corpus$ and prohibition. * is a court of original and e#clusive jurisdiction over
actions for annulment of judgments of RTs.
"an#i$an,a&an has jurisdiction over all criminal and civil cases involving
graft and corrupt practices act$ and such other offenses committed by public
officers and employees including those in @'s in relation to their office. <t also
has e#clusive appellate jurisdiction over final judgments$ resolutions$ or orders of
RTs whether in the e#ercise of their own original or appellate jurisdiction over
criminal and civil cases committed by public officers or employees including
those in @'s in relation to their office.
Jurisdiction of Court of Appeals
1. "#clusive original jurisdiction in actions for the annulment of the judgments of
the RT.
&. oncurrent original jurisdiction.
!a) Aith S to issue writs of certiorari$ prohibition and mandamus
against the RT$ S$ ?**$ other 6uasi7judicial agencies mentioned in
Rule 02$ and the BCR$ and writ of )ali)asan%
!b) Aith the S and RT to issue writs of certiorari$ prohibition and
mandamus against lower courts and bodies and writs of 6uo warranto$
habeas corpus$ whether or not in aid of its appellate jurisdiction$ and writ
of continuing mandamus on environmental cases%
!c) Aith S$ RT and Sandiganbayan for petitions for writs of amparo
and habeas data%
2. e#clusive appellate jurisdiction
!a) by way of ordinary appeal from the RT and the :amily ourts.
!b) by way of petition for review from the RT rendered by the RT in
the e#ercise of its appellate jurisdiction.
!c) by way of petition for review from the decisions$ resolutions$ orders
or awards of the S$ ?** and other bodies mentioned in Rule 02 and
of the 'ffice of the 'mbudsman in administrative disciplinary cases
!d) over decisions of /Ts in cadastral or land registration cases
pursuant to its delegated jurisdiction% this is because decisions of /Ts in
these cases are appealable in the same manner as decisions of RTs.
Jurisdiction of the Court of Tax Appeals
1.) "#clusive original or appellate jurisdiction to review by appeal
!a) 5ecisions of <R in cases involving disputed assessments$
refunds of internal revenue ta#es$ fees or other charges$ penalties in
relation thereto$ or other matters arising under the B<R
or other laws administered by ?<R%
!b) <naction by <R in cases involving disputed assessments$
refunds of <R ta#es$ fees or other charges$ penalties in relation thereto$ or
other matters arising under the B<R or other laws administered by ?<R$
where the B<R or other applicable law provides a specific period of
action$ in which case the inaction shall be deemed an implied denial%
!c) 5ecisions$ orders or resolutions of the RTs in local
ta#es originally decided or resolved by them in the e#ercise of their
original or appellate jurisdiction%
!d) 5ecisions of the ommissioner of ustoms !1) in cases
involving liability for customs duties$ fees or other charges$ sei9ure$
detention or release of property affected$ fines$ forfeitures or other
penalties in relation thereto$ or !&) other matters arising under the
ustoms law or other laws$ part of laws or special laws administered by
?'%
!e) 5ecisions of the entral ?oard of *ssessment *ppeals in the
e#ercise of its appellate jurisdiction over cases involving the assessment
and ta#ation of real property originally decided by the provincial or city
board of assessment appeals%
!f) 5ecision of the secretary of :inance on customs
cases elevated to him automatically for review from decisions of the
ommissioner of ustoms which are adverse to the government under
Sec. &213 of the Tariff and ustoms ode%
!g) 5ecisions of Secretary of Trade and <ndustry in the case of
non7agricultural product$ commodity or article$ and the Secretary of
*griculture in the case of agricultural product$ commodity or article$
involving dumping duties and counterveiling duties under Secs. 2.1 and
2.&$ respectively$ of the Tariff and ustoms ode$ and safeguard
measures under R* ;;..$ where either party may appeal the decision to
impose or not to impose said duties.
!&) "#clusive original jurisdiction
!a) 'ver all criminal cases arising from violation of the B<R of the
T and other laws$ part of laws$ or special laws administered by the ?<R
or the ?' where the principal amount of ta#es and fees$ e#clusive of
charges and penalties claimed is less that -1/ or where there is no
specified amount claimed !the offenses or penalties shall be tried by the
regular courts and the jurisdiction of the T* shall be appellate)%

!b) <n ta# collection cases involving final and e#ecutory
assessments for ta#es$ fees$ charges and penalties where the principal
amount of ta#es and fees$ e#clusive of charges and penalties claimed is
less than -1/ tried by the proper /T$ /eT and RT.
Jurisdiction of Sandiganbayan
1.) 'riginal jurisdiction in all cases involving:
!a) Diolations of R* 2.1, !*nti7@raft and orrupt -ractices *ct)
!b) Diolations of R* 12+, !*nti7<ll7@otten Aealth *ct)
!c) ?ribery !hapter <<$ Sec. &$ Title D<<$ ?oo) <<$ R-) where one or
more of the principal accused are occupying the following positions in the
government$ whether in permanent$ acting or interim capacity at the time
of the commission of the offense
1. 'fficials of the e#ecutive branch occupying the positions of
regional director and higher$ otherwise classified as @rade &+ and higher$ of the
ompensation and -osition lassification of *ct of 1,;, !R* (+3;).
&$ /embers of the ongress and officials thereof classified as @rade &+
and up under R* (+3;.
2. /embers of the 4udiciary without prejudice to the provisions of the
onstitution.
0. hairmen and /embers of the onstitutional ommissions without
prejudice to the provisions of the onstitution.
3. *ll other national and local officials classified as @rade &+ and higher
under R* (+3;.
!d) 'ther offenses or felonies committed by the public officials and
employees mentioned in Sec 0!a) of R* +,+3 as amended by R* ;&0, in
relation to their office.
&.) oncurrent original jurisdiction with S$ *$ and RT for petitions for writ
of habeas data and amparo.
(-() Fourt) Level: "upre%e Court
The Supreme ourt is fundamentally a court of appellate jurisdiction but it
may also be a court of original jurisdiction over cases affecting ambassadors$
public ministers and consuls$ and in cases involving petitions for certiorari$
prohibition and mandamus !Sec. 3=1>$ *rt. D<<<$ onstitution). The Supreme
ourt en banc is not an appellate court to which decisions or resolutions of a
division of the Supreme ourt may be appealed.
Jurisdiction of Supreme Court
1$"#clusive original jurisdiction in petitions for certiorari$ prohibition and
mandamus against the *$ '/"C"$ '*$ T*$ Sandiganbayan$ BCR.
&. oncurrent original jurisdiction
!a) Aith ourt of *ppeals in petitions for certiorari$ prohibition and mandamus
against the RT$ S$ entral ?oard of *ssessment *ppeals$ Euasi7judicial
agencies$ and writ of )ali)asan$ all subject to the doctrine of hierarchy of
courts.
!b)Aith the * and RT in petitions for certiorari$ prohibition and mandamus
against lower courts and bodies and in petitions for 6uo warranto$ and writs of
habeas corpus$ all subject to the doctrine of hierarchy of courts.
!c)Aith *$ RT and Sandiganbayan for petitions for writs of amparo and
habeas data.
!d) oncurrent original jurisdiction with the RT in cases affecting
ambassadors$ public ministers and consuls.
2.) *ppellate jurisdiction by way of petition for review on certiorari !appeal by
certiorari under Rule 03) against *$ Sandiganbayan$ RT on pure 6uestions of
law% and in cases involving the constitutionality or validity of a law or treaty$
international or e#ecutive agreement$ law$ presidential decree$ proclamation$
order$ instruction$ ordinance or regulation$ legality of a ta#$ impost$ assessment$
toll or penalty$ jurisdiction of a lower court% and T* in its decisions rendered en
banc.
0.) "#ceptions in which factual issues may be resolved by the Supreme ourt:
!a) Ahen the findings are grounded entirely on speculation$ surmises or
conjectures%
!b) Ahen the inference made is manifestly mista)en$ absurd or
impossible%
!c) Ahen there is grave abuse of discretion%
!d) Ahen the judgment is based on misapprehension of facts%
!e) Ahen the findings of facts are conflicting%
!f) Ahen in ma)ing its findings the * went beyond the issues of the case$
or its findings are contrary to the admissions of both the appellant and the
appellee%
!g) Ahen the findings are contrary to the trial court%
!h) when the findings are conclusions without citation of specific evidence
on which they are based%
!i) when the facts set forth in the petition as welll as in the petitioner1s main
and reply briefs are not disputed by the respondent%
!j) Ahen the findings of fact are premised on the supposed absence of
evidence and contradicted by the evidence on record
!)) Ahen the ourt of *ppeals manifestly overloo)ed certain relevant
facts not disputed by the parties$ which$ if properly considered$ could
justify a different conclusion