Chap. IV. LSK OF Nl':\Il!EUS.

1007
(Toveriis tlie oilier parts.
Hreisjrau
;
tlie cathedra
Fig. 1221.
Fig. 1222.
Examjiles of this arrangement are, tlie minster at Freibiirg-im-
I at Cologne, where tlie apsis is do-
decagonal, and there are six bays in
tl:e nave ; and the abbey at West-
niinsti.T, where the eastern end is
hexagonal, and tliere are found
twelve bays in the nave. In re-
spect of a nonagonal termination,
tlie most extraordinary instance of a coincidence with the above-mentioned rules occurs
in the duomo of Milan, commenced at tiie end of tiie 14th century. Its apsis is formed
by three sides of a nonagon, and llie bays in iIil- nave are nine in number. One third o)
the arc contained under the side of an eqiiiliteral triangle seems to be the governing di-
mension. The number 3, submultiple of
9,
pervades the .structure. There are three bays
in the choir, and the like number in tlie transepts The vault of the nave is subtended by
an equilateral triangle. The lower ])rincipal windows are each designed in three bays.
The plan of the columns in the nave in lach quarter contains three jirincipal subdivisions,
and, in a transverse section of the nave, the voids are just one-third of the solids. These are
curious points, and much more worthy of investigation than many of the unimportant
details which now-a-days so much occupy the attention of archaeologists. Ifthestemof
the plant is right, the leaves and fruit will be sure to grow into their jiroper forms.
Figs. 1223. and 1 '_'l'4. show the decagonal terminations of an apsis. In the first, a side
of the polygon faces the east
; in the second, the angle of the polygon is on the axis of the
church. The last case is of rare
occurrence. Examjiles of it are,
however, found in the church at
Morienval, and in the choir of
tiie dom-kirche of Naumburg.
'J'he first case is illustrated by
f's-
'--5
a variety of examplessuch are
'"'*-' '--'^
the cathedrals at Reims, IJouen, Paris, iNIagdeburg, and Ulm, with the churches of Ste.
Elizabeth at Marburg, that at St. Queiitin, &c., and, in this country, the cathedral at Peter-
borough
;
all of uliich have either five or ten bays in the nave. The dodecagon, as a
termination, \i subject to the same obser\ations as the hexagon : indeed they were antici-
pated by the mention of the cathedral at Cologne. Under the figure of the iieptagon must
be classed the niagniticent cathedral of Amiens, wlierein seven clia);els radiate round the choir
end, and there are as many bays in the nave
{Jig-
237.). The choir at Beauvais is terminated
by a double heptagon; and, had the chuicli been completed, it would doubtless have had
seven or fourteen bays in the nave. A.t Chartres, the choir is also terminated by a double
heptagon, and the nave contains seven bays. In the duomo at Florence, the eastern
termination is octagonal, and there are four bays in the nave; this is an example of the
expiring Gothic style in Italy.
On an examination of the princiiial churches on the Continent, in and after the 13th
century, it would appear that the practice of regulating the details was dependent on the
number of sides in the apsis, or of bays in the nave. Thus, if the choir is terminated by
three bays, formed on an octagonal plan, we find 3, or a multiple of it, is carried into the
subdivision of the windows. So, if the number 5 is the dominant of the ajisis, that
numlier will be found transferred to the divisions of the windows
;
and in like manner the
remainder is produced. There are two or three other matters affecting the monuments of
art erected in and after the 13th century. Tlie aisles are usually half the width cf the
nave, though instances occur where the width is equal. Many churches have two apsides

such are the cathedrals at Nevers, and at St. Cyr; and in Germany, St. Sebald at Nurem-
berg; the dom-kirche at Mayence ; the abbey church at Laach
;
the cathedrals of liam-
beig. Worms, and others. So far I\Ir. Gwilt.
"
It remains to observe," writes Professor Cockerell, in the Archwoloffical Jouryial, 1845
"
upon the mysterious nuiniera employed by \Vykeliain in the plans of his chapels at Win-
chester and Oxford, which are divided longitudinally by 7, and transversely bv
4, equal
parts. In the first, the chapel consists of
0'
of these parts, and the ante-chapcl
of 1 ; in
the second, the chapel consists of 5, and the ante-chipel of 2
;
tlie width being equal to
4,
corresponding with the entire figure of the vesica ;'c/.s."
The recurrence of the number
7, ''a number of perfection," is constant; accordingly we
find it employed in the following remarkable instances, sometimes in the nave, and some-
times in the choir. In the cathedrals of York, Westminster,
Exeter, Bristol, Durham,
Lichfield, Paris, Amiens, Chartres, and Evreux
;
in the churches of llomsey, Waltham,
Buildwas, St. Alban's (Norman |)ortion), and Castle Acre; and in St. George's Chapel,
at Windsor, lioslyn Chapel, and many others. See also the notice on page 1011.