Duplexer

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Not to be confused with diplexer.
For other uses, see Duplex (disambiguation) and duplex printing.


Commercial 19" rack mount antenna filter
Isolation typical >75 dB
Insertion Loss typical < 1.0 dB
A duplexer is a device that allows bi-directional (duplex) communication over a single path.
In radar and radio communications systems, it isolates the receiver from the transmitter while
permitting them to share a common antenna. Most radio repeater systems include a duplexer.
Note 1: A duplexer must be designed for operation in the frequency band used by the receiver
and transmitter, and must be capable of handling the output power of the transmitter.
Note 2: A duplexer must provide adequate rejection of transmitter noise occurring at the receive
frequency, and must be designed to operate at, or less than, the frequency separation between the
transmitter and receiver.
Note 3: A duplexer must provide sufficient isolation to prevent receiver desensitization.
Source: from Federal Standard 1037C
Duplexers can be based on frequency (often a waveguide filter), polarization (such as an
orthomode transducer, or timing (as is typical in radar).
[

diplexer vs duplexer
This page on diplexer vs duplexer describes difference between diplexer and duplexer and
explain basics of diplexer and duplexer in wireless communication system.
Diplexer separates two different frequency bands in receive path and combines them in
transmit path. These frequency bands usually will be wide apart in frequency domain for
diplexer to work satisfactorily. It is often referred as RF power combiner/divider with added
functionality of filtering. Broadband Filters are used to pass appropriate bands at Tx and Rx path.
Examples:
Diplexer is used to separate/combine frequency bands of GSM900 and DCS 1800 systems. It is
also used in multiband design of mobile handset with multiple technologies GSM,CDMA,LTE.
As shown in the figure, diplexer does multiplexing and demultiplexing of wide frequency bands
with much appropriate difference. Figure shows L and H bands at S port. This duplexer vs
diplexer comparison will help to use them according to their functionality in wireless system.

A duplexer is a device that allows use of the single antenna by both transmitter and
receiver. In other words duplexer is a device which couples the transmitter and receiver to
the antenna while producing isolation between transmitter and receiver. There are two types
of duplexer, one by using PIN diode switches and the other using circulators as shown. Both
transmit and receive paths usually will have frequency bands very nearer, hence narrow band
filters are used to separate these frequencies. Duplexer is often referred as 3-port RF circulator.
Example:
It separates uplink (890-915MHz,Uplink-UL) and downlink (935-960MHz,Downlink-DL)
frequency bands in GSM900 system.

Other than diplexer vs duplexer mentioned on this page; there are many useful terms which
enthusiasts can refer as mentioned below.
Ethernet: A PHY chip (PHYceiver) is commonly found on Ethernet devices. Its purpose is to provide
analog signal physical access to the link. It is usually used in conjunction with a Media Independent
Interface (MII) chip or interfaced to a microcontroller that takes care of the higher layer functions.
In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, media access control (MAC) data communication
protocol is a sublayer of the data link layer (layer 2).
Backhaul:
In a hierarchical telecommunications network the backhaul portion of the network comprises the
intermediate links between the core network, or backbone network and the small subnetworks at
the "edge" of the entire hierarchical network.
In contracts pertaining to such networks, backhaul is the obligation to carry packets to and from
that global network
: Routers are small physical devices that join multiple networks together. Technically, a router is a
Layer 3 gateway device, meaning that it connects two or more networks and that the router operates
at the network layer of the OSI model.
Home networks typically use a wireless or wired Internet Protocol (IP) router, IP being the most
common OSI network layer protocol. An IP router such as a DSL or cable modem broadband router
joins the home's local area network (LAN) to the wide-area network (WAN) of the Internet.
The Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI) is a conceptual model that characterizes and
standardizes the internal functions of a communication system by partitioning it into abstraction
layers. The model is a product of the Open Systems Interconnection project at the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO), maintained by the identification ISO/IEC 7498-1.
The model groups communication functions into seven logical layers. A layer serves the layer
above it and is served by the layer below it. For example, a layer that provides error-free
communications across a network provides the path needed by applications above it, while it
calls the next lower layer to send and receive packets that make up the contents of that path. Two
instances at one layer are connected by a horizontal connection on that layer.
Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) is a protocol suite for securing Internet Protocol (IP) communications
by authenticating and encrypting each IP packet of a communication session. IPsec includes protocols
for establishing mutual authentication between agents at the beginning of the session and negotiation
of cryptographic keys to be used during the session. IPsec can be used in protecting data flows between
a pair of hosts (host-to-host), between a pair of security gateways (network-to-network), or between a
security gateway and a host (network-to-host).
[1]
The Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is a third generation mobile
cellular system for networks based on the GSM standard. Developed and maintained by the
3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project), UMTS is a component of the International
Telecommunications Union IMT-2000 standard set and compares with the CDMA2000 standard
set for networks based on the competing cdmaOne technology. UMTS uses wideband code
division multiple access (W-CDMA) radio access technology to offer greater spectral efficiency
and bandwidth to mobile network operators.
UMTS specifies a complete network system, which includes the radio access network (UMTS
Terrestrial Radio Access Network, or UTRAN), the core network (Mobile Application Part, or
MAP) and the authentication of users via SIM (subscriber identity module) cards.
The technology described in UMTS is sometimes also referred to as Freedom of Mobile
Multimedia Access (FOMA)
[1]
or 3GSM.
Unlike EDGE (IMT Single-Carrier, based on GSM) and CDMA2000 (IMT Multi-Carrier),
UMTS requires new base stations and new frequency allocations