2 STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION:

Pure anhydrous ethylene glycol is not aggressive toward most metals and plastics. Since ethylene
glycol also has a low vapor pressure and is non caustic. It can be handled with out any problems:
it is transported in railroad tank cars, tank trucks, and tank ships. Tanks are usually made of steel:
high grade materials are only required for special quality requirements. Nitrogen blanketing can
protect ethylene glycol against oxidation.
At ambient temperature, aluminum is resistant to pure glycol. Corrosion occurs, however, above
100
o
C and hydrogen is evolved. Water air and acid producing impurities (aldehydes) accelerate
this reaction. Great care should be taken when phenolic resins are involved, since they are not
resistance to ethylene glycol.



2 LEADING PRODUCERS IN WORLD:
BASF, Geismer, La. (America).
DOW, Plaquemine, La .(America)
OXYPETROCHEMICALS, Bayport, Tex .(America)
PD Glycol ,Beaumont, Tex. (America)
SHELL, Geismer,La. (America)
TEXACO ,Port Neches, Tex.(America)
UNION CARBIDE, Taft,La.(America)
BP Chemicals, Belgium, (West Europe).
IMPERIAL Chemicals Ind. United Kingdom, (West Europe)
BPC (NAPTHACHIMIE),France , (West Europe)
STATE COMPLEXES ,USSR, (West Europe)
PAZINKA, Yugoslavia, (West Europe)
EASTERN PETROCHEMICAL CO. Saudi Arabia, (Middle East)
National Organic Chemical, India, (Asia).
Mitsubishis Petrochemicals, (Japan)
4.3 LEADING PRODUCER IN INDIA:
India Glycol, Uttaranchal (North India).
Reliance Industries Ltd. Hazira (Gujarat).
Indian Petrochemical Corporation Ltd, Baroda (Gujarat).
NOCIL, Thane.
SM Dye chem. Pune.


The Reactor is Catalytic Plug flow Fixed bed type

Owing to its low pressure drop per theoretical stage metal Pall Ring is often preffered to other
packings for vacuum distillation.


12.5 SAFETY IN PROCESS DESIGN:
Accidents are minimized by correct deign using scientific and performance data without false
economy.
12.5.1 Reactor:
The reactor is a heart of plant and vital for safety. Most reactions have hazard potential. Here,
reaction is exothermic and at higher pressure compared to atmospheric pressure and also deals
with the materials like Benzene and Cyclohexane which are highly volatile.
12.5.2 Heat Transfer:
For safe operation,
Prevent mixing.
Provide different surface, for cleaning, insulation, expansion.
Prevent flame travel in furnace.
Use safety over design factor of 15 20 %.

12.5.3 Mass Transfer:
Safe guards are,
Prevent liquid injection and vigorous flashing in hot column.
Provide both pressure and vacuum relief.
Use detection and warning devices for build up of hazardous material.
Provide thermal expansion in system.
12.5.4 Pressure Vessels:
It includes,
Corrosion allowance must be provided.
Take care weld joint efficiency.
Design pressure is maximum operating pressure plus static pressure plus 5 %.
Design temperature is 25-30 C above maximum operating temperature.
Use safety over design factor of 15 20 %.
12.5.5 Instrumentation and Safety devices:
Thermocouple burnout, stem or cooling water failure.
Fusible plugs to relive pressure above design value.
Combustible gas monitor with alarms for flammable.
Over temperature switch.

12.4 FIRE PREVENTION AND PROTECTION:
1. Regulation for the prevention of Fire:
Ban on carrying of a potential source of ignition, Ban on lighting fires in battery area.
Ban on smoking. Ban on carrying lamps. Use of Sparkss arrestors.
2. General Precautions:
Maintain good housekeeping. Follow the laid down procedure strictly. Sampling and
draining of hydrocarbon should be done under strict supervision. Do not operate an
equipment unauthorized. Use only approved type of tools. Anticipate the hazards during
vessel cleaning and take prevention steps in advance.
3. Fire emergency mock drill:
An emergency manual can be prepared to outline procedures and drills and detail responsibilities
of each individual involved.
Training
Valuable Check On The Adequacy and Condition of exits
and Alarm system
Instills a Sense of Security Among The Occupiers if Careful Plans Are Made.
Exits Drills
Plant Drills (Mock drills in plant area)
Mutual Aid Drills
On-Site / Off site Drills etc.