TUTORIAL 1 CHAPTER 1 - 4

1. Define cartography and cartographer. (6 marks)

According to International Cartographic Association cartography can be defined as an Art,
science and technology of making maps together ith their st!dy as scientific doc!ment and
ork of art". #hile if e ant to simply it cartography is the making and st!dy abo!t map and
all their aspect.
Cartographer is person ho making maps and applying cartographic principles in their
artork. $hey are responsible for map designing and prod!ce map for map !sers. %o to be a
cartographer, that person m!st ha&e strong cartographic skills, ade'!ate data, s!fficient
instr!ment and s!itable map selection.
(. )ist don any three (*) f!nctions of map. (* marks)
$o &is!ali+e in&isible
$o store geographical information
$o stim!late spatial thinking
*. ,se short e-planatory notes and diagrams hene&er appropriate to e-plain the folloing.
a) $hematic map &ers!s topographic map
$hematic map $opographic map
Designed to deli&er specifics
information or theme.
Information ere deli&er '!antitati&e
or '!alitati&e
/aps hose principle p!rpose is to
portray and identify the feat!res of
the earth s!rface as faithf!lly as
possible ithin the limitations
imposed by scale.
,sed as base map preparing
thematic maps.
b) %mall scale &ers!s large scale
%mall scale )arge scale
%mall scale do not ha&e many
feat!re
%mall scale re'!ires less symbol
)arge scale ha&e many feat!re
)arge scale re'!ire more symbol
c) Cylindrical pro0ection s!rface &ers!s Conic pro0ection s!rface
Cylindrical pro0ection s!rface Conic pro0ection s!rface
In the normal aspect, this line
to!ches !pon the e'!ator and both
parallels and meridians are straight
lines perpendic!lar to each other.
Distortion increases dramatically
toard both poles, represented by
lines.
In the normal aspect, meridians are
circ!lar arcs.
%ingle line of distortion res!lting in
an increased distortion aay from
these lines.

(1 marks)
2. 3riefly e-plain the types of data so!rces for mapping. (14 marks)
$here ha&e se&eral types of data so!rces for mapping s!ch as digiti+er scanners
photogrammetry and remote sensing. A digiti+er consists of a tablet !nderlain ith a ire
mesh. $he tablet can be of &ario!s si+es to fit a &ariety of map sheets. 3y attaching a map
sheet onto the tablet (o&er the ire mesh) and tracing lines or points on the map ith a styl!s a
!ser can inp!t spatial information. %canners are a common item in most comp!ter facilities and
allo !sers to inp!t graphic and te-t information directly into a comp!ter. %canners are !sed to
inp!t map and photo information and the '!ality of this information is related to the '!ality of
the scanner and the '!ality of the base map being scanned.
5. Describe the p!rpose of generali+ation. (* marks)
$o red!ce scope, amo!nt, type and cartographic data.
$o ens!re of graphical clarity at desired scale
$o highlighting most important ob0ect and neglect less important feat!res
6. 6-plain the folloing generali+ation operators ith the aid of appropriate diagrams shoing
original images and the generali+ed images at the gi&en original scale.
a) %ymboli+ation
$his operator combines items that share similar geographic attrib!tes into a ne
ob0ect, hich in t!rn has a higher le&el of abstraction, in addition to a ne symbol.
b) %election
Intellect!al process of deciding hich classes of feat!res ill be necessary to
ser&e the map p!rpose.
c) %implification
%implification is the process of selecting the characteristic, or shape and re0ect the
red!ndant point considered to be !nnecessary.
(1 marks)