Thesis Report Course No.: 4800 Course Title: Project & Thesis Thesis Title Redesign of Hospital Bed Based on Anthropometric Data in Bangladesh: A Case Study
Submitted by Md. Nuruzzaman Roll No.: 075006 Md. Asadujjaman Roll No.: 075015 DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL & PRODUCTION ENGINEERING RUET, Rajshahi-6204, Bangladesh
Heavens Light is our guide RAJSHAHI UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL & PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
A THESIS REPORT ON
Redesign of Hospital Bed Based on Anthropometric Data in Bangladesh: A Case Study
Supervised by, Submitted by, Md. Ariful Islam Md. Nuruzzaman Assistant Professor, Roll No.: 075006 Department of Industrial & Production Engineering Md. Asadujjaman Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology Roll No.: 075015
DECLARATION
This thesis work is submitted to the Department of Industrial & Production Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, Rajshahi-6204 in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Industrial & Production Engineering.
We, the undersigned, hereby declare that the work contained in this under graduate thesis is our own original work and that we have not previously in its entirely or in part submitted it at any university for a degree.
Signatures
.. Date
.... (Md. Nuruzzaman)
(Md. Asadujjaman)
Heavens Light is our guide RAJSHAHI UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL & PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
This is certify that work entitled Redesign of Hospital Bed Based on Anthropometric Data in Bangladesh: A Case Study is carried out by the following students under my supervision in the department of Industrial & Production Engineering of Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) . I wish them every success in life.
Supervisor,
Signature of the Students,
(Md. Ariful Islam) Assistant Professor, Department of Industrial & Production Engineering Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET), Rajshahi-6204, Bangladesh.
Md. Nuruzzaman Roll No.: 075006
Md. Asadujjaman Roll No.: 075015
Countersigned,
.. (Dr. Md. Mosharraf Hossain) Head, Department of Industrial & Production Engineering Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET), Rajshahi-6204, Bangladesh
Acknowledgement Praise is to the Almighty Allah the Creator of the Universe who gave us the existence. This study would not become possible without the contributions from many people and organizations. In this segment, we would like to acknowledge each and every person who has contributed their effort in study by whatever means directly or indirectly. Specially, we would like to acknowledge our supervisor, Md. Ariful Islam, Assistant Professor, Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, RUET, for pushing us to higher achievements than we thought possible and for his kind assistance without which it could not be possible to complete this work. We are really grateful to him. We would like to thank Dr. Md. Mosharraf Hossain, Head, dept. of IPE, RUET and Ripon kumar Chakrabortty, Lecturer, dept. of IPE, RUET as they enlightens us about thesis and so many things that really helped us.
We would also like to thank patients and doctors of Rajshahi Medical Collage & Hospital (RMC), Rajshahi, who help us in collecting data specially Md. Altaf Hossain, intern doctor of RMC and Masnoon Ahmed Noor, student of RMC. Also we are graceful to the students of RUET as they helps to collect their anthropometric data.
Last but most importantly, we want to thank our family members and friends from whom we have received a great deal of support in our life, specially our beloved parents; they gave the foundation of our lives. For the rest of the persons who we didnt mention here, who have participated in various ways to ensure our research succeeded, thank you to all of you. Your kind and generous help will always be in our mind.
September, 2012 Authors
I Md. Nuruzzaman Roll No.: 075006 Md. Asadujjaman Roll No.: 075015
Abstract Hospital beds and other similar types of beds are used not only in hospitals, but in other health care facilities, such as nursing homes, assisted living facilities, outpatient clinics, and in home health care. Hospital beds are normally known as beds to both patients and doctors in Bangladesh. When more patients come in hospital due to limitation of beds extra patiebts are live in the floor which is also considered as bed. Here the dimensions of bed are not appropriate and no bed has stand to wear net for protecting the patients from mosquito. The design of hospital bed should not be dependent on the esthetic views consideration but also should be dependent on the different dimensions of users body structure and postures. There has more variations in the design of hospital beds and no one is designed with considering ergonomics and anthropometric data of Bangladesh. Ergonomics is the study of the interaction between people and machines and the factors that affect the interaction. One of the basic parts of Ergonomics is Anthropometry. Anthropometry involves the systematic measurement of the physical properties of the human body, primarily dimensional descriptors of body size and shape which can be used to identify the physical dimensions of hospital bed. Anthropometric data are used in ergonomics to specify the physical dimensions of workspaces, equipment, furniture and clothing to fit the task to the man. Anthropometric data varies from one area to another, also with time. There is less number of Human Factor Engineers in Bangladesh. So Industries cannot imagine that ergonomics can change productivity and satisfaction level dramatically. The objectives of our study are to show the relationship of physical demand (back pain, fatigue, blood circulation problem, comfort and sleep) with anthropometric factors for normal hospital bed (stature, elbow span, political height, vertical grip reach) in Bangladesh. Also, to build an anthropometric database for Bangladeshi patient to redesign hospital bed based on anthropometric data. A total of 103 male students of Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology (RUET) participated in this study. Four anthropometric dimensions which are related to normal hospital bed have measured using meter scale. The result shows that back pain, fatigue, blood circulation problem, comfort and sleep are related to the anthropometric factors of hospital bed. AHP analysis shows that patient bed length is most responsible for patient physical demand which is related to anthropometric factor stature. After that, elbow span, political height and vertical grip reach are responsible respectively. Regression analysis shows three equations where elbow span, political height and vertical grip reach are dependent variable and stature is independent variable in each case. If anyone only put his stature height on those equations he will have proper dimensions of bed like bed length, bed wide, bed height and bed stand height. There has a limitation in our study that is we only used the anthropometric data of male students. Anthropometric data of both male and female may provide more appropriate result in study. Also, we have used 103 numbers of samples. A large number of samples will provide more accurate result. II
To design hospital bed according to anthropometric data of this regional people this study will provide a better solution for Bangladeshi people. This will increase patient safety and comfort for Bangladeshi people. It will help the furniture industries in Bangladesh and will provide a clear conception about physical dimensions of Bangladeshi male people. In future this database will help to understand the mismatches, variations and change in dimensions of Bangladeshi peoples over time. This database can also be used in designing various products and workplaces in Bangladesh.
III
CONTENTS
IV
Acknowledgement I Abstract II List of Figures VI List of Tables VII Chapter 1 01-10 Introduction 1.1 Justification 1 1.1.1 Hospital Bed in Bangladesh 1 1.1.2 Ergonomics 2 1.1.3 Anthropometry 2 1.1.4 Hospital Bed Parameters Related to Antropometric Measurements 3 1.1.4.1 Bed Length 3 1.1.4.2 Bed Width 4 1.1.4.3 Bed Height 4 1.1.4.4 Bed Stand Height 5 1.2 Methods Used For Mathematical Calculation 5 1.2.1 Chi-square distribution 5 1.2.1.1 Definition 5 1.2.1.2 Statistic of chi square distribution 6 1.2.1.3 Characteristics curves 6 1.2.2 Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) 7 1.2.3 Regression analysis 8 1.2.4 One sided confidence bonds 9 Chapter 2 ..... 11-16 Literature Review 2.1 Objectives 15 2.2 Methodology 15 Chapter 3 ..... 17- 22 Case Study & Data Collection 3.1 Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology (RUET) 19 3.1.1 Student Health Service in RUET 20 3.2 Questionnaires 20 3.3 Data collection 22 Chapter 4 ..... 23-24 Result Analysis & Discussion 5.1 Result obtained by using Independent Test 23 5.2 Result obtained by using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) 23 5.3 Result obtained by using Regression Analysis 24
V Chapter 5 ... 25-34 Calculations 5.1 Independent Test 25 5.2 Study of approach under analytic hierarchy process 28 5.3 One sided confidence bonds 32 5.4 Regression Analysis 32 5.4.1 x = Stature and Y= Elbow span 33 5.4.2. x = Stature and Y= Popliteal height 33 5.4.3 x = Stature and Y= Vertical grip reach (standing) 34 Chapter 6 .. 35 Recommendations and Future Work 35 Chapter 7 ...... 36 Conclusion 36 Chapter 8 .. 37-39 References 37 Appendix 40
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure no: Page no: Figure 1.1: Vertical grip reach and stature 03 Figure 1.2: Elbow span 04 Figure 1.3: Popliteal height 04 Figure 1.4: Probability density function (pdf) of chi square distribution 06 Figure 1.5:Cumulative distribution (cdf) function of chi square distribution 06 Figure 1.6: The regression line 09 Figure 3.1: Rajshahi Medical College & Hospital 18 Figure 5.1: Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) 28
VI LIST OF TABLES
Tables no: Page no: Table 1.1: characteristics of chi square distribution 07 Table 1.2: Level of preference weight 08 Table 4.1: Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) 23 Table 4.2: Mean and Standard deviation of anthropometric data 24 Table 4.3: Summary of the correlation analysis while taking independent variable x = stature 24 Table 5.1: Collected data from doctors and patients 25 Table 5.2: Expected and observed value 27 Table 5.3: Level of preference weight 28 Table 5.4: Evaluation at level 1 29 Table 5.5: Average Random Index (RI) based on matrix size (adapted by Saaty) 29 Table 5.6: Evaluation for attribute for back pain 29 Table 5.7: Evaluation for attribute For Fatigue 30 Table 5.8: Evaluation for attribute for blood circulation problem 31 Table 5.9: Evaluation for attribute for sleep 31 Table 5.10: AHP for final evaluation 32