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Renewal

JUNE 2014
SEPTEMBER 2014

One of my customer has borrowed 2.0 lacs with me 14


months before by keeping his vehicle and cheques/demand
note with me. When i asking him for repayment he used to
telling so many unwanted stories and problems.

O PN
H F . HL
H P
F GA.
N KM A.
v, FL

Kindly guide me the steps to be taken against him


M. Chidambaram, Karaikudi
Here you are not mentioned whether the agreement was
signed between the both parties.
To recover your money, you can either file a suit for recovery, but for that you will need certain documentation.
Other option available with you is to drop the cheques with

c HJ M F
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English Ever... Hindi Never...

Rajagopalacharis Pro-English Campaign


During the year 1935. the Indian National Congress felt
that a national language was necessary for India. As Hindi was
spoken by largest sections of the people. The Congress felt
that Hindi should be promoted as a national language. Never
even then Congress felt that English should be given up and
it should not be official language. When the congress adopted
that Hindi should be the national language, congressmen took
steps to propagate Hindi as a national language. The People
of India were willing to accept Hindi as the national language
because Mahatma Gandhi advocated it and the people of India
were willing to abide by the decision of Mahatma Gandhi.
There was no opposition to this move in India but only in
some parts of Madras province opposition was noticed. It was
a time when no states were formed on the basis of language
and Madras Province, as it was called, comprised of not only
the parts of Tamil Nadu but it included the entire Andhra State
and a substantial portion of Karnataka and Kerala. The lone
opposition to Hindi emerged from E.V. Ramaswamy, who had
formed the Dravidar Kazhagam and was opposed to Brahmin
and Baniyas and north Indians generally.
After the congress adopted Hindi to be the national
language, Hindi Prachar Sabah was formed all over India.
People residing in Tamil Nadu area of Madras province also
showed eagerness to know Hindi language.
Congress Leader S.Sathyamurthy took the initiative to set
up the Hindi Prachar Sabha in Madras Province. He selected
a large site at Thanikachalam Street in Thiagaraya Nagar
to set up Hindi Prachar Sabha. He did this because he was
residing in this street. He wanted to develop Hindi Prachar
Sabha as a University imparting many languages and arts
and science courses. He wanted to develop this into a Hindi
Prachar Sabha University and became its Vice Chancellor
.Unfortunately Sathyamurthy passed away in March 1943.
Hindi Prachar Sabha trained teachers in Hindi and produced
Hindi Pundits in all the educational institutions. Hindi language gradually picked up in Madras Province. There was a
time in 1945, when young girl students were seen talking in
Hindi and if allowed to continue, People from Madras would
have mastered Hindi Language.
It was in 1935, the British Government granted autonomy
to Provinces. And Government of India Act, 1935 was passed
in House of common setting up these provinces and ordered
general elections to Provincial Legislative Assembles. After
political manipulations over the selection of candidates to
contest the elections to the Madras Provincial Legislative
Assembly and stopping S.Sathyamurthy from contesting
elections, C. Rajagopalachari became
the Prime Minister of Madras in
1936 after the polls. After becoming the Prime Minister of Madras
Rajagopalachari introduced Hindi as
a language for study in all the institutions from first form onwards till
SSLC. Hindi classes were held after
School hours and made an optional
subject. Only students who wanted to
study Hindi as an additional language
could study. The Marks obtained will
not count for promotion. There was
27

LAWYERS LINE

Dr.R.K.BALASUBRAMANIAM

Pricipal Parliamentary Law Consultant

great demand from students to learn Hindi and a large number


of students preferred to study Hindi as additional language.
Large number of Hindi knowing persons got jobs as Hindi
Pundits in schools. The government gave them status of
regular teachers.
But, in Tamil-speaking areas in Madras province, a small
agitation was organized by E.V.Ramaswamy opposing the
introduction of Hindi as an optional subject in schools. But
the agitation fizzled out as students came to learn Hindi.
Thus slowly Hindi speaking people in Tamil areas in Madras
province increased. I am referring to Tamil areas particularly,
because Kanada- speaking, Malayalam -speaking and Teluguspeaking people in Madras Province did not seriously object
to Hindi language. This congress was defeated in the polls
and DMK came to power and DMK government removed
Hindi from the schools.
It is ridiculous to prevent any person learning more than
one language. Mother tongue is learnt at home. Therefore, no
special efforts required to teach mother language. Words today have shrunk a lot and movement from one area to another
is made easy. Therefore learning more language is not only
helpful to the citizen but it is necessary also. Various foreign
language courses in this country are concentrating on teaching the language of that land to people here. Embassies of
Germany, France and other countries are conducting classes
here to teach the language. Today, English has been made
compulsory in a Communist country like China. Talented
English teachers are allowed to teach English to Chinese
Children. American Universities have started teaching Sanskrit. None has any right to prevent others from learning other
languages. Former Prime Minister of India P.V. Narashima
Rao is said to know about 18 languages. It was a mischievous
blunder of Karunanithi to stop Hindi learning in this State.
Private sector should be encouraged to teach as many languages as possible. Industrial houses
and business corporate should come
forward to make endowments and
set up organisation to teach Hindi,
Sanskrit etc. Such steps will enrich
the wisdom of the people and create
unity of the nation. Only those who
do not want an United India will oppose the learning of languages. In the
composite Madras Province officials
and others were directed to learn
Malayalam, Telugu Kannada. I dont
SEPTEMBER 2014

know why this system was stopped. Stoppage of this scheme


is an injury to the unity of the nation. When Tamil conferences
or Telugu conferences, Why not a Sanskrit week or Sanskrit
conference? Learning languages is an asset to any person.
Politics should not prevent the asset acquired by people.
In the Constitution of India under SC 343, Hindi has
been made the official language of India. Under this section,
English shall be official language for 15 years from the date
of commencement of Indian Constitution. But the Constitution of India also provided that Parliament may, by law, adopt
any legislation for the use of English for official purposes.
In year 1963, the fifteen year life given to English language
to be the official language was to come to an end within
another three years. It was the time when Rajagopalachari
was opposing the congress for the quota, license, permit raj
of Nehru Ministry at the centre and Kamaraj Ministry in
Madras State. He felt that an agitation on the language issue might strengthen his hands. He therefore proposed and
organized a pro- English campaign. He was not opposed to
Hindi becoming a national language but with the changing
economic and political situation after the Second World War,
He visualised felt rightly that English language shall be the
window for Indians to go abroad and India becoming a world
power. Rajagopalachari was right and today a large number of
Indian Youth are going abroad for employment and education.
Thus English has become a necessity. Thus, Rajagopalachari
starred his pro English campaign. He gathered a good number
of intellectuals to support him and campaign for English to
continue as the official language of the country. Those who
stood with him then were Sheri. Kasha Subha Rao, the writer
and editor of Swarajya, C.P.Ramaswamy Ayyar, the great
administrator. R.V.Krishna Ayyar, the Parliamentary legendary personality. Prof.M.Ratnaswamy, Member of Parliament,
Kodanda Rao, President of Servants of India Society etc.
When Rajagopalachari opposed Hindi as official language
and wanted English to continue as official language of India.
C.N.Annadurai, leader of DMK backed Rajaji. There was a
mass movement in Madras state against Hindi becoming the
official language, Students joined the movement, road blocks
were kept government buses were burnt, the chief Minister
M.Bakthavatsalam did not act with act. He did not understand
the situation where respected leaders were involved in the agitation. He simply used the Police force and even asked for the
army. This approach aggravated the situation. I am of the view
that Kamarajar should have withdrawn M.Bakthavatsalam
as Chief Minister and should have made TT.Krishnamachari
the Chief Minister. Krishnamachari could have adopted a
soft approach. When the agitation went out the hands of
the government, then Prime Minister Pundit Nehru sent his
daughter Smt. Indira Gandhi to Madras to soften the attitude
of the agitators. Smt. IndraGandhi came to Madras and assured Rajagopalachari and the agitators that there would be no
change in the official languages policy and legislations will be
made to retain English as the official language. After she left
Madras, Pundit Nehru himself made his stand clear. He said
English shall continue as the official language of the nation
as long as the Non-Hindi speaking want it
and when English is discontinued as official
language Hindi will be the official language
and it should be decided by the Non- Hindi
speaking people. After making this statement, he followed it up with legalization
to the effect that English shall continue as
the official language of the nation as long
as non Hindi speaking people wanted it.
Though the agitation for the retention of
English was won. there was a campaign
SEPTEMBER 2014

by vested political parties that it was anti-Hindu agitation.


This is a mistake and misrepresentation. The reaction to this
agitation was reflected in the general elections held in 1967.
Congress lost the poll. Rajagopalachari then organized a
united front against Congress and as it was Rajagopalachari
who led the election compaign. Most of the political parties
came under one roof organized by Rajagopalachari and the
parties which came under Rajagopalachari is roof were DMK.
The two communists, forward Block, Swatantra party etc. In
this election congress won only 52 seats and DMK won the
majority to enable it to from the ministry. Annadurai was
elected leader of the DMK legislature party and he become
the Chief Minister. But unfortunately, he suffered a cancer
attack and passed away in 1969. Karunanithi become the
Chief Minister. this DMK rule continued till 1977. During
this period in 1973, M.G.Ramachandran broke away from
the DMK and formed All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. He won the general election in Tamil Nadu, defeated
the DMK and formed his ministry. When DMK came to the
power in 1967. the first act was to close all the Hindi classes
in educational institutions and hundreds of Hindi pundits
employed in educational institution lost their jobs and were
thrown out in the streets. Thus from 1957 till day there was
Hindi language taught to the students the functions of Hindi
Prachar saba shrank. This is a great mistake of the DMK. Any
man can learn any language. Tamil Nadu now stands isolated
in the learning of Hindi and all other states in south India are
giving encouragement for learning Hindi. While the DMK
and like minded parties are opposing Hindi in government
they are closing their eve to another factor. Television is a
mass media instrument and entertainment provider. With a
view that every citizen can have the advanced technology
to enjoy programme, the central government started DTH.
This Direct to Home telecast is free and is controlled by the
central government. But this free entertainment and media
programmes are telecasted only in Hindi and other language
channels are telecasted in DTH central. It means, Hindispeaking population can have free channels but non- Hindi
population have to pay for the entertainment. I am at a loss
to know why those, who are opposing Hindi, have not taken
exception to this policy of the central government and why
they have not asked for free ditch for other regional languages. DMK was in power holding important port folios
at the central ministry. But it did not seek free telecast of
regional channels like Tamil. Tamil channels are monopolised by a few vested interests and if DTH undertakes fees
telecast of regional channels. Then these regional channels
will suffer. Therefore there was no agitation by regional parties agitating for DTH telecasts of Tamil channels. I am at a
loss to know why people have not agitated for free telecasts
of Tamil channels. It is time, people of Tamil Nadu realise
this discrimination and start an agitation for free telecasts of
Tamil and other regional language channels.
Will the people of Tamil Nadu understand this open discrimination and organise an agitation ?. People should know
that private TV channels are collecting huge money for their
telecast while it can be free if government
makes a law directing the private channels
to allow their telecast free. People should
be alert and should not be carried by away
vested interests who are interested in getting profits for them.
Rajagopalachari had a Pro-English
campaign. He did not lead an Anti-Hindi
campaign the slogan was English ever and
Hindi Never for official use.
www.lawyersline.net 28

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A ( : W.P.25677 of 20110 in M.P. No.1 &2 of
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Since the Petitioner has already published her Name change
in the Govt. Gazettee as Stated Supra, the same is sufficient for
all purposes ans everybody is bound to accept thee same as the
changed name of the Petitioner. Hence there is no error in the Order
Passed by the respondent i.e) Director if School Education refusing
top carry our the Name (or) Initial Change in the Certificates in the
Certificates as requested by the petitioner

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SEPTEMBER 2014

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