Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Parents or other adult relatives should make important decisions for their (15 t
o 18 year-old) teenage children.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
You should write at least 250 words.
model answer:
Parents are in most cases our first teachers and friends. From my everyday exper
ience I have to agree with the statement that important decisions should be made
by our parents or adult relatives. In the following paragraphs I will give my r
easons to support this statement.
First of all, teenage children have the tendency to live in their own fantasies.
They do not clearly understand the rules of a real life. When I was 18 years ol
d I thought that the world was perfect and everything seemed to be simple. Teena
gers are basically inexperienced; they aspire for independence and try to make t
heir first steps towards freedom. I think that it is like starting to walk when
a baby needs its parents for support. An independent life is a big and significa
nt part in a person's life. So, my point is that it is very important to make th
is step right.
Second of all, I think that parents have right to interfere in their children's
lives. They need to know what kind of friends their children have and how childr
en spend their spare time. For example I had an eighteen years old friend who go
t really angry with his parents when they prohibited him to be friends with a yo
ung man. Somehow his parents found out that that young man was occasionally taki
ng drugs. That man was dead in a year because of drug abuse. After that accident
my friend thanked his parents for that interference.
Finally, I think teenage children should be more open-minded with their parents.
It will help them to make the right choice and avoid many mistakes.
To sum up, I believe that young people should trust their parents because they w
ish their children only the best.
Some people warn that the era of silver screen is coming to an end and that peop
le will eventually lose interest in going to the cinema.
Do you agree or disagree with this view? Give reasons for your answer and includ
e any relevant examples from your experience.
You should write at least 250 words.
model answer:
The cinema has been a popular form of entertainment for many decades. Even the s
ilent films of the early twentieth century were loved by audiences around the wo
rld. Hollywood is now an enormous business and film stars like the Australian ac
tress Nicole Kidman earn millions of dollars.
People think that going to the cinema will become out of date because of the inc
rease in the production of DVDs and videos. Its certainly true that we can all st
ay at home now and watch films in comfort. Also the cost of these films is cheap
er for a big family than going to the cinema. Young people enjoy spending a nigh
t at home and watch a DVD or video. And small children adore videos because they
can watch them over and over again.
However, the cinema in my home country are still full every weekend and when a n
ew film is released we are all very keen to go and watch it. In fact, many small
cinemas have been rebuilt and we can now go to large centres that have six or e
ight cinema screens and show up to ten different films a night. An evening out a
t the cinema is fun and some films, particularly horror and science fiction film
s, are much better on the big screen.
So it seems that we are enjoying both the cinema and the facilities that technol
ogy can offer us and that each of these has its merits. In my view, people will
never stop going to the cinema but they will watch DVDs as well.
Some people prefer to work for a large company.
Others prefer to work for a small company. Which would you prefer?
Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.
You should write at least 250 words.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own kno
wledge or experience.
model answer:
The issue whether working for a large company is better than working for a small
company is a controversial one. From my everyday experience and observation I t
hink that every option has its advantages and disadvantages. I base my opinion o
n the following points.
From the one side working for a large company brings many benefits. First of all
, one has better medical insurance, higher salary. Often employees of a large co
mpany have less responsibility. Moreover, they feel more secure because their co
mpany has more clients and this means better chance to survive on the modern mar
ket. However, one working for a large company has less chance to be promoted bec
ause one's manager does not want to lose his or her job unless she or he is prom
oted too. Also, from my observation, managers of a large company do not pay much
attention to one's solutions and suggestions.
From the other side working for a small company has many advantages too. Firstly
, one has better chance to be promoted. Secondly, one can talk to the owner of t
he company about any improvements that can be done in order to get more profit.
Another important aspect of working for a small company is the opportunities to
find out more about how company works. As a result of this one can gain more exp
erience and get better recommendations. However, this also has some disadvantage
s. For instance, one can get less salary, worse medical benefits, etc.
To sum up, I think that every person chooses for himself what he or she wants. I
f one wants better career and more responsibilities then a small company is bett
er choice. Otherwise, working for a large company may be a good option too.
40.Is it wise for an industry to replace its experienced but old workers with ne
w and young experience less individuals?
Deciding the size of ones own family is a personal preference In your opinion sho
uld government intervene in the rights of the individual with regard to family p
lanning?
.Some people believe that only pupils of similar interests should be given admis
sions in schools.Others are of the opinions that schools should be open to all c
hildren with varied interests. How far you agree or disagree with the above view
s. Give your opnion in not less than 250 words.
Illiteracy has traditionally been viewed as largely a third world problem.
However it is becoming apparent that in countries such as the USA and Australia,
illiteracy is on the increase.
Discuss possible causes for this and its effect on society.
Write at least 250 words.
model answer:
It is true that illiteracy is becoming a serious problem in industrialised natio
ns. This is surprising as most people think that this is a problem only in under
-developed nations such as in parts of Africa and India. Illiteracy is related t
o many other problems such as poverty, over-population and governmental corrupti
on. Let us take a more detailed look at the causes of this growing problem in ma
ny Western nations.
One of the most obvious reasons for the increase in illiteracy is the advent of
television. Children no longer have to read to obtain information. Neither do th
ey have to read to relax. Today children get home from school and go straight to
the box to watch their favorite program. Watching television is much easier and m
ore exciting than reading.
Another reason for the increase in illiteracy is the fact that so many women wor
k. This means that children are often alone at home and so they are unsupervised
. When parents get home they are often too tired to spend quality time whit thei
r children.
It is also true that many people blame schools for the decline in illiteracy. In
many countries there has been a move away from teaching basic skills such as re
ading and writing.
There are many effects of this growing illiteracy rate. The most obvious is unem
ployment. This may in turn lead to alcohol and drug abuse. Ultimately the econom
y of the country begins to suffer and there is a drop in living standards.
To address this problem, parents need to become more aware of their responsibili
ties and schools need to consider a change in their teaching methods. If this wo
rsening trend is not reversed, the problem of illiteracy will become very seriou
s.
Nowadays we are producing more and more rubbish.
Why do you think this is happening?
What can governments do to help reduce the amount of rubbish produced?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own kno
wledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
model answer:
I think it is true that in almost every country today each household and family
produces a large amount of waste every week. Most of this rubbish comes from the
packaging from the things we buy, such as processed food. But even if we buy fr
esh food without packaging, we still produce rubbish from the plastic bags used
everywhere to carry shopping home.
The reason why we have so much packaging is that we consume so much more on a da
ily basis than families did in the past. Convenience is also very important in m
odern life, so we buy packaging or canned food that can be transported from long
distances and stored untill we need it, first in the supermarket, and then at h
ome.
However, I think the amount of waste produce is also a result of our tendency to
use something once and throw it away. We forget that even the cheapest plastic
bag has used up valuable resources and energy to produce. We also forget that it
is a source of pollution and difficult to dispose of.
I think, therefore, that governments need to raise this awareness in the general
public. Children can be educated about environmental issues at school, but adul
ts need to take action. Governments can encourage such action by putting taxes o
n packaging, such as plastic bags, by providing recycling services and by thing
households and shops that do not attempt to recycle their waste.
With the political will, such measures could really reduce the amount of rubbish
we produce. Certainly nobody wants to see our resources used up and our planet
poisoned by waste.
People who have original ideas are of much greater value to society than those w
ho are simply able to copy the ideas of others well.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
You should write at least 250 words.
Use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with exa
mples and with relevant evidence.
model answer:
I certainly agree that people who come up with new ideas; in other words those w
ho 'invent' or 'discover' things are terribly important to society as a whole. H
owever, I also think there is a role in society for good imitators.
No one would deny that key individuals must be thanked for providing us with cer
tain facilities that we use every day. Where, would we be, for example, without
basic items such as the washing machine, the television and, more recently, the
computer? These items are now used so regularly that we tend to take them for gr
anted.
In fact, the society we live in today has become increasingly consumer-oriented,
and while it may be possible to constantly update and improve consumer goods, n
ot everyone where I live can afford the prices of these innovations. Furthermore
not everyone lives in an area that has accessibility to the latest models on th
e market. For this reason, there is a value to be placed on being able to provid
e good copies of expensive items.
Having said that, certain innovations have a more serious impact on our lives th
an consumer goods and cannot easily be replicated. Vital medicines like penicill
in and vaccines against dangerous diseases also exist because people made contin
ual efforts to develop them. Scientific ideas such as these enable us to live lo
nger and escape illness.
Some people believe that computers are more a hindrance than a help in today's w
orld. Others feel that they are such indispensable tools that they would not be
able to live or work without them.
In what ways are computers a hindrance?
What is your opinion?
You should write at least 250 words.
Use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with exa
mples and with relevant evidence.
model answer:
The advanced `Mind machines' so called `the Computers' are no doubt the best pro
ducts of latest technology. One cannot imagine the advancement of life and Scien
ces without these machines.
But like other achievements; they have their own good and bad effects as seen wi
th experience and passage of time. In my opinion they are good if used for educa
tional and beneficial uses for health and living etc.
Basically twentieth century had been famous for its latest Computer techniques a
nd their application on our lives. Datas shown on Computers help us to assess ho
w much education is conducted through this media. The assessment ways as well as
examinations are improved. Moreover personal skills of reading and writing are
far more improved through Computers.
Moreover Science and technology progressed immensely with computers. Researchers
like cloning and transplants are only possible with modern computerized skills.
Good question comes to ones mind ... where will this Computer would take us next
?? Certainly no one knows! We might explore new planners. May be we will buy hou
ses on Moon, Mars or Jupitor. Or we might loose our own identity. One cannot for
get the end of 2000 millennium when everybody was in chaos to think what will ha
ppen if the computers crash? The aeroplanes were going to crash and the trains w
ould colloid. That Show we are forced to think that one should not be dependent
on these machine after all we are humans. We are here to command computers not t
hem to order us.
Most writers of fiction do not earn enough money to live from their writing.
Do you think the government should give them financial assistance to help encour
age good literature?
You should write at least 250 words.
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
You should give reasons for your answer using your own ideas and experience.
model answer:
There are some conditions under which a novelist could reasonably expect some go
vernment suport. In general terms, if the writer has already proved that he or s
he can write well, and if the stories produced are stimulating and interesting,
then I consider that some financial help might be given.
Language quality is difficult to define, but if the writing shows, for example,
good grammar, a wide vocabulary, and elegance and imagination, then I can see a
valid reason for assisting an author to spend some time free from money problems
. Such a writing needs to be encouraged. the entertainment value of a book would
be also a factor in deciding whether to provide assistance to an author. Furthe
r consideration would include social and educational values expressed in the aut
hor's work.
However, if the ideas were socially irresponsible, or if the stories contain unn
ecessary violence or pornography for its own sake, then I would not want to see
the author sponsored to write stories which do not benefit society. Other except
ions are the many writers of good books who do not require financial help. Books
which proved to be extremely popular, such as the Harry Potter stories, clearly
need no subsidy at all because the authors have become rich through their writi
ng.
Views on what good quality writing means will vary widely, and so if any author
is to be given money for writing, then the decision would have to be made by a c
ommittee or panel of judge. An individual opinion would certainly cause disagree
ment among the reading public.
Popular events like the football World Cup and other international sporting occa
sions are essential in easing international tensions and releasing patriotic emo
tions in a safe way.
You should write at least 250 words.
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
You should give reasons for your answer using your own ideas and experience.
model answer:
Every four years, the whole world stops to watch international sporting events s
uch as the Olympics and the Football World Cup in which athletes show their best
performance to make their country proud of them. These sporting occasions have
proved to be helpful in easing international tensions in difficult times when po
werful leaders were trying to control the world's economy and other governments
were fighting over land.
The Olympic Games are one of the best examples which prove how sporting events c
an bring nations together, at least temporarily. From ancient History, when Gree
ks and Romans would interrupt battles to participate in the games, to the more r
ecent international disputes, when athletes from Palestine and Israel would forg
et their differences, compete pacifically and even embrace each other after an e
vent. Moreover, these popular events have called the world's attention to the te
rrible consequences of wars; thus some leaders have tried to accept agreements t
o end their dispute and live peacefully.
Similarly, international sporting events show benefits in some developing countr
ies which live in a daily internal civil war. For example, Brazil has a high rat
e of unemployment, lack of education, hunger, crime, poverty and corruption whic
h leads to an immense embarrassment of being Brazilian and a low self-esteem. Ho
wever, when the Football World Cup starts, the Brazilian squad, which is conside
red the best team in the world, provokes an amazing feeling of pride in their co
untry. Most people seem to forget all their problems and even the criminal activ
ity decreases. They paint roads with the national colors, use wear the Brazilian
team shirt and buy national flags. Moreover, the competition brings families an
d neighbors together and even rival gangs watch the games and celebrate peaceful
ly.
In conclusion, popular sporting events play an important role in decreasing inte
rnational tensions and liberating patriotic feelings as History has shown.
In the past, buildings often reflected the culture of a society but today all mo
dern buildings look alike and cities throughout the world are becoming more and
more similar.
What do you think is the reason for this, and is it a good thing or a bad thing?
You should write at least 250 words.
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your argumen
ts with examples and relevant evidence.
model answer:
Every city has its architectural character, but the similarities between cities
are more obvious these days than in the past. In my opinion, one reason for this
is the high price of land.
In most large cities, land is scarce and consequently it is very valuable. This
has led to the construction of tall buildings which occupy only a small area of
land while providing lots of floor space where people can live or work. Building
s of this type are made of concrete and steel and can be built comparatively qui
ckly using prefabricated materials. They do not use local materials, such as sto
ne, timber or brick, which used to give cities their individual character. In co
nsequence many cities. now look very much the same and you might not know whethe
r you were in Brisbane, Bangkok or Berlin when you are on the street.
While I realise that we cannot stand in the way of progress, I believe that citi
es should try to keep some individuality. For example, in Paris it is prohibited
to build very tall buildings in the centre of the city, as this would spoil the
overall appearance of the skyline. Other cities have chosen to design unique bu
ildings to ensure they look different. The twin towers in Kuala Lumpur or the Op
era House in Sydney are examples of this approach, and I agree with this kind of
initiative.
All in all, although it is regrettable that modem cities look similar, I tend to
feel that this is unavoidable. However, it can be argued that, even if the buil
dings are similar, cities will maintain their own character as a result of cultu
ral diversity, the terrain and the climate, which ultimately determine how peopl
e live.
- What is your full name?
- Where do you live?
- Where is your hometown located?
- Is there any particular meaning to your name?
- What name would you give to your child?
- Are there some names more popular than others?
- How do you take care of your health?
- Do people take care of their health in your country?
- Do you have some entertainment facilities in your town?
- Is there any facility you would like to see in your town?
Cue Card
Talk about a situation when you were very relaxed. Please say
- Where was it?
- When was it?
- Who were you with?
Discussion
- Do you think that people can relax while they are at home?
- How do people relax nowadays?
- Is there any similar way for people of all countries?
- Do you believe that in the future people will have enough time to rest?
- Do you think that health industry is becoming profitable?
- Do you think people will have more or less leisure time in the future?
Describe a vehicle that you would like to buy in the future. Please say
- What vehicle would you buy?
- Why would you buy it?
- Why is it important for you?
Many people believe that women make better parents than men and that this is why
they have the greater role in raising children in most societies. Others claim
that men are just as good as women at parenting.
Write an essay expresing your point of view.
You should write at least 250 words.
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
model answer:
The view that women are better parents than men has shown itself to be true thro
ughout history. This is not to say that men are not of importance in child- rear
ing indeed, they are most necessary if children are to appreciate fully the role
s of both sexes. But women have proven themselves superior parents as a result o
f their conditioning, their less aggressive natures and their generally better c
ommunication skills.
From the time they are little girls, females learn about nurturing. First with d
olls and later perhaps with younger brothers and sisters, girls are given the ro
le of carer. Girls see their mothers in the same roles and so it is natural that
they identify this as a female activity. Boys, in contrast, learn competitive r
oles far removed from what it means to nurture. While boys may dream of adventur
es, girls' conditioning means they tend to see the future in terms of raising fa
milies.
Girls also appear to be less aggressive than boys. In adulthood, it is men, not
women, who prove to be the aggressors in crime and in war. Obviously, in raising
children, a more patient, gentle manner is preferable to a more aggressive one.
Although there certainly exist gentle men and aggressive women, by and large, f
emales are less likely to resort to violence in attempting to solve problems.
Finally, women tend to be better communicators than men. This is shown is intell
igence tests, where females, on average, do better in verbal communication than
males. Of course, communication is of utmost importance in rearing children, as
children tend to learn from and adopt the communication styles of their parents.
Thus, while it is all very well to suggest a greater role for men in raising chi
ldren, let us not forget that women are generally better suited to the parenting
role.
You have lost something at the airport and a staff member helped you to find you
r belonging. Write a letter to the airport authority and tell them about that pe
rson, including:
- What did you lose?
- How did that person help you?
- Suggest the way of appreciation for that person.
- What is your full name?
- What is your hometown?
- How big is your family?
- What job do you do?
- What type of clothes do you prefer?
Cue Card
Talk about any historical event. Please say
- What was the event?
- Where did it take place?
- When did it occur?
Discussion
- How does the history affect us?
- Have you ever been to a museum?
- What did you learn from it?
- Should museums be free for everyone?
- What should people send to a museum in the future?
Nowadays, many people go shopping in their free time. Shopping has replaced many
other activities that people choose as their hobby. What are the reasons for th
is? Is this a positive or negative development?
- Did other people enjoy visiting it too?
- Is it better to build houses in the city or in countryside?
- What can people do to save energy in their house and to help the environment?
- Who designed you house?
- Why do people decide to design their own houses?
- What do the houses in your country look like?
- Do people prefer big or small houses?
- What do the old people like?
- Would you like to take part in designing your house?
- Do people like to design their own houses in your country?
- Why do people like to design their own houses?
What is your full name?
- What do people usually call you?
- May I see your ID please?
- Where are you from?
- Do you work or study?
- What subject are you studying?
- What job do you do?
- Do you have free time at all?
- What do you do during your free time?
- How do you relax?
- Do you think people have enough time to relax nowadays?
- Have you planed a vacation for yourself already?
- Does your country have more modern or old buildings?
- Do people in your country prefer modern or traditional houses? Why?
- Would you like to design a house for yourself?
Describe your idea of a perfect vacation. Please say
- Where would it be?
- Whom would you go there with?
- What would you do there?
Why do you think the vacation you described would be different?
- Do you think you will go there some day?
- What things people have to consider before traveling to new places?
- What do they need to know about these places?
- What would make the trip special, in your opinion?
- What would be the advantages of organized trips?
- Is it beneficial for companies to give vacations to workers?
- Do you think it is important to teach children to be helpful?
- Do you remember yourself helping an adult in some ways as a child?
It has been more than 30 years since man first landed on the moon.
Some people think that space research is a waste of money.
Discuss.
You should write at least 250 words.
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
model answer:
For over fifty years, a number of nations have been involved in the exploration
of outer space. This research has been very costly, of course. Has this money be
en well-spent or wasted?
Some people believe that all or most space research should be eliminated because
of its incredible expense, not only in terms of money, but also in terms of sci
entific and human resources. These people point out the fact that it cost billio
ns of dollars to send astronauts to the moon, but all they brought back were som
e worthless rocks. These people say that the money and effort now being wasted i
n outer space could be spent for homeless people, improving the education system
, saving the environment, and finding cures for diseases.
However, other people believe that space research has provided many benefits to
mankind. They point out that hundreds of useful products, from personal computer
s to heart pacemakers to freeze-dried foods, are the direct or indirect results
of space research. They say that weather and communication satellites, which are
also products of space programs, have benefited people all over the globe. In a
ddition to these practical benefits, supporters of the space program point to th
e scientific knowledge that has been acquired about the sun, the moon, the plane
ts and even our own earth as a result of space research.
I agree with those people who support space research and want it to continue. Sp
ace research, as shown, has already brought many benefits to humanity. Perhaps i
t will bring even more benefits in the future, ones that we can not even imagine
now. Moreover, just as individual people need challenges to make their lives mo
re interesting, I believe the human race itself needs a challenge, and I think t
hat the peaceful exploration of outer space provides just such a challenge.
What is your full name?
- Are people in your country using mobile phones often?
- When did you get your first mobile phone?
- Do you prefer to call or to message your friends? Why?
- Do you think people should turn their cell phones on silent in public places?
Why?
- Please describe your hometown.
- What is interesting in your hometown?
- Are you planning to stay or go back to your hometown in the future?
- Is it important to have a retirement age?
- Is a part time job in your country supported by schools?
- Does government have the right to impose a particular number of workers on a c
ompany?
- In what way students are guided to choose their career?
- How do you decide what course or degree will suit you?
Talk about a garden that you have visited recently. Please say
- Why did you visit it?
- Who was there with you?
- Describe the garden in general.
- Why was / wasnt it interesting?
Follow up question: Would you advise others to visit it? Why?
Discussion
- Do any of you friends visit this garden?
- What is the benefit of gardens in cities?
- Who mostly visits gardens, younger or older people?
- Is it acceptable to plant vegetables in the private garden around your house?
- What is the best time to visit gardens in the Middle East?
- What are the benefits of gardens for children?
- What is your name?
- Which part of the city are you from?
- What kind of entertaining places are there in your city?
- Tell me about an entertaining place you have recently visited.
- What is the downside of the Internet in your opinion?
- Do you think young people buy things online they dont really need?
- Are part time jobs popular in your country?
Cue Card
Talk about something you have bought and werent satisfied with. Please say
- What was it?
- Where did you buy it?
- Why werent you satisfied?
- Do you think that people prefer to buy imported goods? Why?
- Why is the quality of the imported goods better than the quality of the local
goods?
- What kind of things people dont buy online? Why?
- Do you buy something online?
- What is more important to you, quality or price? Why?
- Do you do some housework at home?
- What do you like\dislike doing at home?
- Do you use public transport?
- How often do you use it?
- What kind of public transport do you often use?
Youve recently found an object and you think that it might be of some historical
value. Write a letter to the director of the museum asking for some information
on the object.
- Give a description of that object.
- Tell them where you found it.
- Ask for information you are seeking.
With the increasing popularity of computers and calculators, student literacy is
decreasing dramatically. What are the positive and negative effects the progres
s of science and technology has brought about?
You should write at least 250 words.
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
model answer:
It has been widely noted that, with the growing use of computers and calculators
both in the classroom and in the home, the level of literacy and mathematical a
bility of students is dropping. This raises serious doubts about the value of th
e progress of science and technology. Here I will discuss the pros and cons of t
his question.
First of all, advances in science and technology have certainly brought about ma
ny benefits for mankind. They have made our lives more comfortable and healthier
. In addition, they have eased the burden of work for most people and provided t
hem with more leisure opportunities, while at the same time increasing productiv
ity dramatically.
Nevertheless, it cannot be denied that technology has some negative side-effects
. As mentioned above, with computers which check spelling, grammar and calculati
on for them, students have little incentive to learn how to do these things for
themselves. Also, the availability of TV programs and videos encourages an unhea
lthy, sedentary lifestyle.
Another aspect of this issue is that technology may be good or bad, depending on
how we use it. For instance, dynamite may be used to make road construction eas
ier, or it may be used to kill people. Again, nuclear reactors can supply huge a
mounts of cheap electricity, but if they are carelessly handled they can cause d
evastating pollution.
We can conclude that the progress of science and technology has both positive an
d negative effects. What we must do is to make sure that the positive ones are e
ncouraged and the negative ones are eliminated as far as possible. Among other t
hings, this means that students are warned not to let computers and calculators
do all their work for them.
- Do you come from a big city or a small town?
- Tell me about your home city.
- How close is the relationship between people in your community?
- Do you think your community is safe for bringing up children? Why?
- Is friendship important to you?
- Is friendship a problem at workplace? Why?
- Why do some friends break up?
- What is more important: friends or family? Why?
- Do you have a friendly relationship with your kids?
Describe a teenager that you know. Please say
- Who is he/she?
- How do you know him/her?
- Why do you like him/her?
- What part of your job is the most challenging for you?
- Do you recommend this job to others? Why?
- Do you enjoy taking photographs?
- Is there any family photo that you like in particular? Why?
Cue Card
Talk about someone that you know, who made a wrong decision. Please say
- Who is this person?
- What was the decision?
- Why did he/she make this decision?
- Did you advise him/her before they made this decision?
Discussion
- Do you think that you always make the right decisions in your life?
- How do you usually make your decisions?
- Do you think it is better to consult with others before making any decisions?
- Do you believe that emotions play a role in making a decision?
- Do you think that young people today ask their parents opinion before making a
decision? Why?
- How do you think the government can make good decisions?
- Do you think that cooperation between countries helps governments to make the
right decisions?
Describe the most difficult task that you have ever done in your life. Please sa
y
- What task was it
- When and why you did it
- How you felt upon completion
Discussion
- Do you think ambitions play an important role in our life?
- If damage occurs somewhere, who is considered responsible for it?
- Do you think this job is popular today?
- What do people usually pay attention to when they choose a job?
- Is it important to achieve work and life balance?
- How can this be achieved?
- Do you think teamwork is important? Why?
- Describe some of the advantages and disadvantages of teamwork.
What is your name?
- What are you studying?
- Do you like to send postcards?
- When did you receive your first postcard?
- Will you send a postcard instead of an email?
- Do you have your own health tips?
- What tips do you follow to keep yourself fit?
Cue Card
Talk about a team work/project you have participated in. Please say
- What was the project about?
- Did it help you on a personal level?
- Whom did you participate with?
- Do you like teamwork? Why?
- How does teamwork help?
- Do you think children must develop the skill of teamwork?
- Does having leadership skills qualify a person to be a team leader?
- Would you recommend that job to others?
- What places of entertainment have you visited lately?
- What entertainment facilities are there in your city?
- What other places would you like there to be?
- Do you always take a bag with you when you go out?
- Do you always take the same bag, even to different occasions?
- What is important to you when you choose a bag?
Cue Card
Talk about a book you have read and would like to read again. Please say
- What book is it?
- What is it about?
- What did you learn from it?
- Explain why would you like to read it again?
Discussion
- Do you think that men and women like to read the same type of books?
- Do you think that reading a book is more challenging than watching a movie bas
ed on the book?
- Why do you think some books become internationally popular?
- Do you think it is easy to create a movie based on a book?
Children who are brought up in the family that do not have a lot of money are be
tter prepared to deal with problems when they become adults than children who ar
e brought up by wealthy parent.
Do you agree or disagree with this statement?
Gives reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own kn
owledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
model answer:
Over the past few decades, along with growing interest in child education, peopl
e's attention to the family environment where a child is brought up has also sig
nificantly increased. Some people have begun to feel that a child who has grown
up in a poor family tend to be better prepared to deal with problems. In my opin
ion, however, family environment alone does not much influence a child's ability
to solve problems.
A child who was born into a poor family would have had more situations where the
y had to solve a problem or make a decision on their own. This is because in mos
t unfortunate families, both parents are usually working and children are put in
to situations where they have to take care of themselves. By contrast, due to th
eir wealth, rich children can experience and learn things that unfortunate child
ren cannot. For example, they usually go to the best schools and receive a highe
r education there, which prepares them better for solving problems in their life
.
However, few would disagree with the fact that each individual is different. Tha
t is, problem solving skills come more from life experience. That is, the more a
person experiences in life, the more they can use these experiences to adjust,
to adapt and to solve problems they encounter. Personality also can be a factor
in dealing with problems. A person who is optimistic, outgoing, confident and op
en-minded can look at and solve problems more effectively.
As discussed above, nature and nurture have an equal influence on a child's abil
ity to face challenges. Parents should spare no effort to figure out how they ca
n help their children to be independent. I hope that in the future the next gene
ration will grow up as mature citizens.
Some people think high school graduates should travel or work for a period of ti
me instead of going directly to study at university. Discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of both approaches.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own kno
wledge or experience.
You should write at least 250 words.
model answer:
High school students face many decisions as they prepare to graduate, including
what they are going to do after graduation. Some high school students go directl
y to college or university after graduation. Others prefer to travel or work for
some time before going to university.
For those who choose to go college or university after graduation, there are adv
antages and disadvantages. One of the big advantages of going directly from high
school to college is that you are still in the habit of studying. By going to c
ollege after graduation, you do not lose the study skills that you developed dur
ing high school. The big disadvantages, however, is that you may not be ready fo
r college. You may not know exactly what you want to study, or you may be more i
nterested in freedom and parties than in your courses. At that age, it is often
difficult for students to take on the responsibilities of college.
There are also advantages and disadvantages to working or traveling befor starti
ng college. Working or traveling allows you a better idea of what you want to do
with your life. You gain practical experience that helps you define what you wa
nt to study. You also are well prepared for the responsibilities of college or u
niversity studies. On the other hand, by the time you start college, you will pr
obably have obligations, like a job or spouse, which keep you from focusing on s
tudies. In addition, travelling or working before college may cause you to spend
enough time out of school that you forget how to study.
The desicion of what to do after hich school graduation can be a difficult one.
Deciding whether to go straight into college or university or take time to work
or travel is something that faces every high school student. After thinking abou
t the advantages and disadvantages of both options, the decision should be based
on what is best for you.
Describe a river (or any other body of water) that you used to visit. Please say
:
- Where was it?
- Who was there with you?
- How did you feel there?
Describe an event from your childhood that you remember. Please say
- What was the event?
- How old were you then?
- Why do you still remember it?
Discussion 1
- Do you like water sports?
- Do you think transportation by river is a good idea?
Talk about a real event or a movie which you have seen recently. Please say
- What was it about?
- Why did you see it?
- Why would you recommend it to others?
Describe an important event in your life. Please say
- What was it?
- Why was it so important for you?
- Why do you still remember it?
Discussion
- What factors affect children growing up?
- Do you think children grow up faster compare to the past?
- Why do you think they grow up faster?
- Which factors affect them?
- Do you think children nowadays can cope with technology better than in the pas
t?
Write to your teacher and ask to give you a reference for a new job. Please say
- Why do you need the reference letter?
- Describe the position that you are applying for.
- Why are you the right person for this position?
- Where are you working?
- Is it difficult to find a job in your field?
- How important is the internet nowadays?
- When did you first use the internet?
Public libraries should only provide books and should not waste their limited re
sources on expensive high-tech media such as software, videos or DVDs. Do you ag
ree or disagree?
With the proliferation of high-tech media, some people hold that the public libr
aries would be rendered obsolete if they do not offer software, videos or DVDs t
o their users while other assert its only a waste of limited resources and the li
braries should offer books only.
High-tech media is, in many ways, indeed superior to the books in terms of enter
tainment, attraction, and functionality. For instance, videos and DVDs function
as a visual means to assist people to have a first-hand experience even though t
hose people have not physically visited or seen the objects which are introduced
in the books. Also, despite the audio-visual equipment would be prohibitive to
install, the capital cost would be lowered by appealing to a sizable number of u
sers.
More importantly, software could assist the library goers to access the Internet
to update their knowledge on a daily basis; in contrast, books typically take m
ultiple months to be published, which in turn render their contents outdated to
some extent. In addition, upon learning that the computer literacy has become an
essential skill recently, public libraries should take on the responsibility to
educate its users how to operate a computer.
Furthermore, it is a common practice for most public libraries to share their re
sources via the Internet. In this way, even if one book of interest cannot be fo
und in one library, the borrower still could locate the book from other librarie
s and then request the librarians to transfer the book to that particular librar
y.
In conclusion, public libraries would benefit in multiple ways if they are equip
ped with the high-tech media.
Some people think that spending a lot on holding wedding parties, birthday parti
es and other celebrations is just a waste of money. Others, however, think that
these are necessary for individuals and the society. Discuss both views and give
your opinion.
Throwing parties can be expensive. While some people do not find these fancy par
ties worth what they cost, others believe parties are important to both individu
als and the society.
People choose to throw parties for a number of reasons. For starters, parties ca
n make better teams. Project kick-off parties are good opportunities to break th
e ice and help team members to know each other better. Victory parties create a
sense of success and belonging. Companies do not see parties as wastes of money
and allocate budget to support such events. Moreover, parties often leave good m
emories. From our own experiences, we all have happy memories of our birthday pa
rties when we were little. Every family has great photos took on family parties
in their album. In addition, contrary to what some people believe that spending
on parties is a waste of social resources, parties actually create value, either
by employing people in the party planning business or by offering people better
party experiences.
The popularity of parties, however, causes some tension in the society. Parties
are hard on introverted people who find themselves uncomfortable in parties. Thi
s is a clinic symptom which psychologists call it social anxiety disorder. There a
re other ways to celebrate important events that may have greater value for thei
r cost. For instance, companies could send out gifts after successful projects a
nd parents could take their children on family trips to celebrate birthdays.
In my opinion, while a party is a form of social event that brings many benefits
to individuals and the society, other choices should also be considered, either
to cut spending or to relieve the stress of those who are not fond of parties.
Financial education should be a mandatory component of the school program. To wh
at extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
It is an obvious fact that financial aspects are a major part of the daily life,
as an adult and even as a young individual. Each and every one of us has to mak
e financial decisions concerning recreation, health, education and more. The que
stion is whether to start with financial education as part of school program or
to postpone it for a later stage in life.
To begin with, being able to understand the value of money, the way the economic
system works and to interpret financial news and its implications is a virtue.
Without this virtue, an individual, even a young one, might suffer to some exten
t. For an example, a child who doesnt understand the concept of money might find
it more difficult to except choosing only one present out of more possible ones.
In addition, many adults are lacking capability of financial analysis. Quite oft
en, the reason can be the lack of sound foundations or insecurity when it comes
to financial terms and concepts. Starting from an early age, building a strong b
ackground, can very likely prevent such situation.
However, financial education necessarily involves quantifying and setting prices
and value for services and goods. It can easily turn young people into cynical
human beings who lack emotion. Furthermore, a tendency to self-concentration and
egoism might rise when one start measuring everything from a profit-making pers
pective.
In conclusion, financial education has both pros and cons. In my opinion, the ad
vantages are more significant than the disadvantages, making financial education
an advisable component of the school program. The disadvantages should be thoug
ht of as a certain price that young people have to pay due to the characteristic
s of the world that we live in.
In some countries children have very strict rules of behavior, in other countrie
s they are allowed to do almost anything they like. To what extent should childr
en have to follow rules?
The extent to which children have to follow rules is in itself a very complex is
sue, since children across the world grow up in very different cultures. In Indi
a for example, children are expected to be very submissive to their parents as w
ell as other adults around them. This, however, is not the case with the Western
countries of the world where children follow the motto Thou shalt do what thou w
ilt as promoted by celebrities and rock stars. I believe that following strict ru
les has both advantages as well as serious drawbacks as discussed below.
Firstly, strict rules of behavior create responsible and respectful children who
in turn mature into respectful adults. This forms a stable society which is vir
tually free from negative trends such as prostitution and drug abuse. Secondly,
if children do not follow strict rules of behavior, they may get out of hand and
become work-shy and indolent. This may then create a burden on the society sinc
e the government has to find ways to cater for these social ills.
However, forcing children to follow strict rules of behavior doesnt always yield
positive results as discussed above, most of the time it backfires and works aga
inst society. For example, teenagers are more likely to do the opposite of what
theyre told to do simply because they want to be independent. Children should als
o have rights to exercise their free will and develop their own pattern of behav
iors. Imposing strict rules may simply destroy the individuality of children.
At the end of the day, it is clear that children should be guided by rules, but
these rules should not be imposed on them because as human beings, they need to
have room to develop their own traits of character and adopt a behavioral patter
n of their own.
In many countries children are engaged in different kinds of paid work. Some peo
ple regard this as completely wrong, while others consider it a valuable work ex
perience, important for learning and taking responsibility. What is your opinion
?
The issue of whether or not children should be engaged in some paid work has spa
rked a heated debate. While some argue that having some employment experience is
conducive to a childs learning and development, I contend that it would bring ha
rm to the childs heath and learning.
First of all, a workplace designed for adults is normally shortage of child-frie
ndly facilities. Desks and chairs are too high for a child; the light switches a
re installed on the walls unreachable by children; also emergency training and f
acilities such as phones are only provided to adults. Furthermore, various hazar
ds such as polluted air and chemical fumes are still produced in factories and f
arms. Undoubtedly young people would suffer in such workplaces.
Also, children would find it frustrating when they are not properly inducted bef
ore starting a job. A child working in a cement factory would feel a setback whe
n he could not get immediate support while struggling with the procedures of rec
ording different raw materials that is required by the job. Further, without suf
ficient support, a childs misunderstanding or inappropriately communicating with
adults would only disappoint him and prevents him from active learning and inter
acting with other people.
To conclude, a childs paid employment experience would lead to a negative impact
on their health and active learning. However, recognizing the importance of chil
drens learning and their awareness of responsibility, it is advisable to encourag
e them to be involved in some volunteering opportunities where they can meaningf
ully learn and interact with other people with sufficient care and support in pl
ace for such jobs.
A family member is coming to stay with you. He/she will be arriving by train in
the morning, but you wont be home until the evening. Write a letter to your relat
ive. In your letter:
- explain the arrangements you have made for them to get keys and enter the hous
e
- tell your relative how to get from the train station to your house
- say when you will be home and suggest what you could do together that evening
Dear Tanya,
How are you? I hope your journey was comfortable. I have an appointment with my
dentist at 4 pm today, this is why I will not be at home when you will reach. Ho
wever, I have left the keys with Mr Sharma at house #14. You can take the keys f
rom him and enter the house. I have made some Chicken Biriyani for you and arran
ged the guest room upstairs so that you can take rest.
When you arrive, your train will stop at the Central railway station. You need t
o take the exit towards Roma Street. Once you come out of the station, you need
to turn right and walk 100 metres. You will find the bus stop number 58 on the o
pposite side of the road. You need to catch bus number 333 and get down at Rober
tson Stop. My address is: #27,Fleetwood St, Macgregor.
I will be home by 5:30 pm, and so will be Sam and Harry as well. We have planned
to watch The Dark Knight at home. I will make smoked salmon with chicken salad an
d we can have some wine with the dinner as well. See you soon.
It has recently been announced that a new movie theater may be built in your nei
ghborhood.
Do you support or oppose this plan? Why?
Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.
You should write at least 250 words.
model answer:
I live in a small community. From my everyday experience and observation I can s
ay that the idea about building a new theatre in my neighborhood has some advant
ages as well as disadvantages. In this essay I will first focus on the reasons w
hy I support this idea and then move on to analyzing why I oppose it.
First of all, I like movies and my husband and I sometimes go to the movie theat
re to watch premieres. Unfortunately, it is time-consuming for us. We have to dr
ive about 50 minutes to the nearest movies theatre. So, the idea of having a mov
ie theatre in our neighborhood seems very attractive. It would save us an hour j
ust to get there and another hour to get back home. Another important aspect of
it is that in this case we will be able to get to the movie theatre by foot. I m
ust to confess that we always have parking troubles in the parking space near th
e movie theatre.
Second of all, new movie theatre is a very good place for students who want to e
arn some money. My husband and I live near a student community, so I think it wo
uld be a great news for them. In addition to this practical benefit students wil
l be able to watch all movies free of charge. I suppose it is a great way to sav
e some money.
Finally, there are usually many restaurants and entertaining centers around a mo
vie theatre. There people can have dinner or play game machines.
In contrast, I think that the building of a new movie theatre will destroy the s
ilence and beauty of out community. Such entertaining centers are often noisy. M
oreover, traffic jams will probably be the result of it.
In conclusion, I think that if the question was about building a new movie theat
re in the next neighborhood I would completely agree.
I think it is a great idea to build a new university in my community. However, I
think it is a controversial question whether the building of a new university w
ill bring only benefits to our community. In this essay I will analyze advantage
s and disadvantages of this issue and present my view in favor of establishing a
new university in my community.
From the one side, establishing a new university in my community brings many ben
efits. First of all, a new construction means more job opportunities. I think it
would be good for my community because many people have to spend much time driv
ing to their work day in and day out because they could not find a job in our ne
ighborhood. Second of all, a new university is a good chance to meet new people
and I like this opportunity. Many students will live in our community. Finally,
if a new university is built in my community there is a big chance that I will b
e willing to enroll in it. I think it is great because it is not far from my pla
ce and I do not have to move to another part of the city. Another important aspe
ct of this is that people from my community will have a chance to use new librar
ies and facilities of a new university. For example some people can take courses
and classes there.
From the other side, building a new university can bring some disadvantages. A n
ew construction means noise, traffic jams and different kinds of pollution. In a
ddition to these disadvantages, many young people in our community can cause mor
e noise especially in the evenings.
To sum up, I think that I would support the decision of the government of establ
ishing a new university in my community despite a few disadvantages that could f
ollow this construction. I believe that a new university will increase a chance
of many young people to get a higher education, gain more knowledge and experien
ce, which will help them to succeed in todays world.
Businesses should hire employees for their entire lives.
Do you agree or disagree?
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
You should write at least 250 words.
model answer:
I would have to completely disagree with the statement above. In the following p
aragraphs I will outline the basic concepts of my position.
First of all, I will least the major disadvantages for employers. On the today's
market a company must be very flexible in order to compete with other firms. So
, imagine the situation when a company can not fire its employees to stay on the
market. It will lead to loosing not only a profit, but the clients, market shar
e and competitive ability. Now, imagine the situation when a company is growing
fast, everything is good and the next few years are going to be excellent. So, e
mployers need more people to extend the production. However, nobody can tell wha
t will happen in a few years. In this case, employers will be afraid to hire new
people and extend their business because they will not be able to fire them if
something goes wrong. Another important aspect of this is that a company can not
have the best employees. It can not hire the better one without dismissing anot
her employee.
What kind of disadvantages will have an employee in exchange for this kind of jo
b security? First of all, it will be very difficult to find a job if one is not
the best, because an employer does not want to spend money on one's education. B
esides, employer will not have a chance to fire one if he does not do his job we
ll. Second of all, employees with this kind of security tend not to perfect them
selves because after they are hired they can not lose their job.
In conclusion, I would like to add that this statement has some positive aspects
too such as constancy, a strong spirit of the company, etc. This system takes p
lace in Japan and some companies succeeded in it. But I think that the reason of
it subsists in the Japanese traditions, the particular cultural features, habit
s and customs. However, on today's market here in the United States a company ca
n not afford to hire employees for their entire life.
genetic engineering
Some people enjoy change, and they look forward to new experiences.
Others like their lives to stay the same, and they do not change their usual hab
its.
Compare these two approaches to life. Which approach do you prefer? Explain why.
You should write at least 250 words.
model answer:
Some people like to live in the same house, have the same job and habits all the
ir lives. However, others aspire to changes and new experience. Personally, for
the several reasons, which I will explain bellow, I prefer the first approach to
life.
First of all, changes in one's life bring many benefits. One tries new things, g
ains new knowledge and experience. I think it is great because without changes l
ife becomes boring. I always try to make changes in my life. Moreover, when I fe
el that my life is boring I do not feel well about it. I feel like I spent those
days for nothing. I did not do anything exiting, I learnt nothing interesting a
nd I just waisted my time.
Second of all, people need changes. Furthermore, we need obstacles to overcome a
nd reach our goals. I believe that changes make us stronger, more persistent, mo
re self-confident, and more patient. Also, I feel that all people who succeeded
in life like changes and new experience because it is impossible to be the best
at some field without perfecting the present knowledge and gain new experience.
People catch every opportunity to learn more and change their life for the best.
From the other side, people who like their lives to stay the same are very perma
nent. They have the same job all their life, the same habits, the same week-ends
and even the same years in years out. I think it is boring. What will they tell
their children about their lives? What kind of contribution will they make for
the society? I think such people are just afraid of changes.
I think curiosity and aspiration to the new experience are two of the main reaso
ns of human evolution. People always wanted to break limits and gain more knowle
dge and experience. So, people who enjoy change are the engine of human developm
ent.
.High school is a place where students continue their education after primary sc
hool. The most important purpose of high schools is to expand knowledge of subje
cts already studied, including the systematic study of literature, foreign langu
ages, sciences, mathematics, social studies, and other subjects essential for ph
ysical and intellectual development and to prepare students as future citizens.
Some of these subjects are really interesting as history or literature for examp
le, but others as maths, physics or chemistry are difficult for students. For th
is reason, one of the biggest students dreams is to be allowed to study whatever
they want. This has its advantage because if a person studies something that is
interesting for him, he would be more concentrate in class and would like to lea
rn more for the subject and in this way would develop himself easier. After all,
when someone forces you to learn something that you dont find so much fascinatin
g or is difficult for you to understand, you wont put much effort into it. In thi
s way, you can give up studying at all and this isnt very nice, especially in the
century we live in. Time, when without some kind of education, you wouldnt have
a pleasant life.
Its true that allowing students to study courses that students want is beneficial
for them, but we cant deny that we dont know much of the world itself and the tea
chers are those who can teach us about it. Children on the age of 17 18 cannot p
repare themselves for the real life for they dont have enough knowledge for it. F
acing the real life is not like in school, because in the school, when you make
a mistake, you can just try again tomorrow, but outside this school you rarely h
ave a second chance. What the teachers want us to learn is not only how to sum u
p 2 and 2, but how we can use this to make our life easier and happier. The stud
ents couldnt know that before they have experienced it. Thats why, we, the student
s, arent qualified to decide what is necessary to learn and what isnt.
In conclusion, I would say that high school and every other type of school, isnt
only a place where we go every day, I think its an institution that deserves resp
ect. I really like my own school and especially my teachers because I know them
to be honorable people that want all the best for us. I consciously leave myself
in their hands. After all, where else but in school you can get prepared for yo
ur future life?!
2.More is Better Than One: Managing & Leading a Group
Group work is especially important in an organization in ensuring that fruitful
outcomes can be produced in the end of the day. Undeniably, there must be one le
ader in a group who plays the most important role in leading and managing the gr
oup in order to ensure that every team member is on the same pace. However, lead
ing a group is not an easy task. To start off, there are few guidelines that a l
eader can follow in leading a project group.
First of all, the leader of a group must be able to provide concrete information
and in the same time to receive feedbacks and opinions from the team members in
a regular basis. By providing concrete information, it simply means that the le
ader of the group must be able to justify the reason behind the work the team me
mbers are doing. Listening to what the team members have to say is a good way in
ensuring two-way communication and it is also a good way in determining if the
team members are satisfy with the decisions made. In the same time, listening to
the team members will also help the group leader in improving his/her current d
ecision by allowing the brainstorming of more persons instead of solely one pers
on.
Apart from that, the leader of a group must also understand the groups need and a
ttempt to those needs whenever necessary. Team members must be able to work unde
r the condition they most prefer. For instance, the environment of the working p
lace must not only be comfortable, but it must also be applicable to the team me
mbers need for work. In the same time, it is also the leaders responsibility to fu
lfill all the needs (such as equipments needed) of the team members so that the
team members are able to work properly and conveniently.
Adding on to that, the group leader must also be able to represent the group. In
order to do so, the group leader must first be a good example to the team membe
rs regarding how they should behave. To achieve this, the group leader should be
passionate towards their jobs. Group leader can constantly motivate and guide t
he team members whenever they start to lose hope or when they are lost during th
e conduction of their work. By this, it shows that the group leader actually car
es about the team members and that he/she is willing to carry the responsibility
of taking care of the team members alongside his/her task.
3.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People behave different
ly when they wear different clothes. Do you agree that different clothes influen
ce the way people behave? Use specific examples to support your answer.
It seems that people do sometimes behave differently when they wear different cl
othes. For example, a well-dressed man seldom spits at random, a woman in glorio
us dresses is more likely to talk in a gentle tone, and a clean dressed child se
ems quiet than others. It might be explained that different dresses give people
different self-images, and most people subconsciously behave according to their
own self-images. Equally sensible is another factor, that is, all too often peop
le regard a person differently according to her dresses. Therefore, people might
behave differently when they wear different clothes because they are treated di
fferently.
Also, appropriate dresses do help a lot in certain circumstances. It is not diff
icult to imagine that a doctor with a casual suit instead of his formal one will
certainly make her patients nervous, for doctors in working hours are always su
pposed to be in white suits. An applicant in her first interview will be natural
ly accompanied with great mental tension. If she was well-dressed, by well we do n
ot mean expensively or gloriously, we mean neatly, she would appear more self-conf
ident and or even be self-confident in deed.
Yet merely a suit itself can contribute little. In fact, peoples behaviors inevit
ably reflect their very nature. A poor gentleman dressed in rags is still a gent
leman. He knows the essential principles that a civilized individual must observ
e, he knows fundamental moral disciplines which an educated individual must foll
ow. A parvenu on the other hand, will finally find out the fact that his exorbit
antly dear dresses is of no use to make him a gentleman, and he even eventually
fail to make him look like a gentleman. Maybe those are right who said it takes
at least three generations to cultivate a gentleman.
In a word, I do not believe that clothes can essentially make people different,
even though they might sometimes seemingly do.
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