AQA Statistics 1 Correlation and regression

Section 1: Correlation
Solutions to Exercise
1.

2.

(i)

(i)

(iii)

(iv)

S xy xy

S xx x

S yy y

3.

x y 5611 147 252 319

n

147 2
3307
220
7

S xy
S xx S yy

252 2
10028
956
n
7
319

0.696 (3 s.f.)
220 956

(i)

There appears to be weak positive correlation.

(ii)

x 71 , y 69 , xy 502 , x
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537 ,

515

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AQA S1 Correlation & regression 1 Exercise solutions

S xy xy

S xx x 2

S yy y
r

4.

(i)

x y 502 71 69 12.1

n
2
x

S xy
S xx S yy

537

10

71 2
32.9
10

692
515
38.9
n
10
12.1

0.338 (3 s.f.)
32.9 38.9

x 48
2a 36 48
a 6
2
y 1015 852 10b 2 1012

x 8

b 2 16
b 4
(ii)

x 48 , y 72 , xy 499 , x 426 , y
x y 499 48 72 77
S xy xy
n
6
x 426 48 42
S xx x
n
6
2

S yy y
r

S xy
S xx S yy

1012

1012

72 2
148
6

77
0.977 (3 s.f.)
42 148

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AQA S1 Correlation & regression 1 Exercise solutions

5.
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
2
(i)

10

x 33.3 , y 83.8 , xy 439.91 ,

x 183.55 , y 1128.72
x y 439.91 33.3 83.8 41.261
S xy xy
n
7
2

S xx x

183.55

S yy y 2

S xx S yy

33.32
25.137
7

1128.72

S xy

83.8 2
125.514
7

41.261
0.735 (3 s.f.)
25.137 125.514

(ii) From the scatter diagram, the outlier is (3.7, 16.5).

For the other six points:
x 29.6 , y 67.3 , xy 378.86 ,

y 856.47
x y 378.86 29.6 67.3 46.847
xy

169.86 ,

S xy

S xx x 2

S yy y
r

S xy
S xx S yy

n
2
x

169.86

29.6 2
23.833
6

67.32
856.47
101.588
n
6
46.847

0.952 (3 s.f.)
23.833 101.588

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AQA S1 Correlation & regression 1 Exercise solutions

6.

x 218 , y 947 , xy 13966 ,

x 3394 , y 61151
x y 13966 218 947 202.933
S xy xy
n
15
x 3394 218 225.733
S xx x
n
15
2

S yy y

S xy

7.

S xx S yy

947 2
61151
1363.733
n
15
202.933

0.366 (3 s.f.)
225.733 1363.733

(i)
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
0
800
600
400
200
25
(ii)

30

35

40

S yy y

S xy

(i)

50

x 368.8 , y 10460 , xy 377107 ,

x 13905.66 , y 11957600
x y 377107 368.8 10460 8657.8
S xy xy
n
10
x 13905.66 368.8 304.316
S xx x
n
10
2

8.

45

S xx S yy

10460 2
11957600
1016440
n
10
8657.8

0.492 (3 s.f.)
304.316 1016440

x 724 , y 1406 , xy
x 47774 , y 181040
2

92819 ,

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AQA S1 Correlation & regression 1 Exercise solutions

S xy xy

S xx x 2

S yy y
r

S xy
S xx S yy

xy

n
2
x

47774

92819

724 1406
278.636
11

7242
121.636
11

181040

14062
1327.636
11

278.636
0.693 (3 s.f.)
121.636 1327.636

(ii) There does seem to be a positive correlation between height and weight, but
this does not mean that the height of a person causes their weight. There
may be a third variable which affects both.

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