Hamara Tiranga, Hamara Kashmir by Dhvani Sharma

Published by Perfect 10, 204-205, H.M. Patel Trade Centre

Vallabh-Vidyanagar (Gujarat) thru Prabhat Prakashan, 4/19
Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi-110 002; printed at Bhanu Printers,
Delhi. First edition : 25 March, 2011, Price Rs.75
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History of Indian Tricolor 77
Flag Code of India, 2002 85
Sushma ji on Twitter 93
A Historic Speech August 7th, 1952 101
The Kashmir Issue : A Historic Speech 112
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16 /
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/ 17
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18 /
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/ 19
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t Eew&d ehj Hkkj r dk vfHkUu vax gS] i kd vfr fer
dehj dsfcuk; g vkwj kgSbl fy, POK dksoki l ysuk
pkfg, A ge i wNukpkgsaxs] eueksgu fl ag vkSj fpnacj e l s
fd okkkZdkj ksadks; ghesuMsV fn; k Fkk ; k bl dsvykok
dqN vkSj fn; k Fkk\ l al n~dhvke j k; dsi zLrko dks
udkj usokysvki dkSu gksrsgSa\ Hkkj r dhl al n~vki ds
l kFkughagS] Hkkj r dhl kSdj ksM+t urkvki dsl kFkugha
gSA
i zkkuea=hvkSj x`gea=h; g u HkwysavkSj muds}kj k
euksuhr okkkZdkj ; g u Hkwysafd og fganqLrku dsokkkZdkj


20 /
gSa] i kfdLrku dsughaA
i =dkj fnyhi i M~xkdj ] j kkk dqekj vkSj , e-, e-
val kj hdksl j dkj us21 Qj oj h] 2010 dksfu; qfDr nhvkSj
mUgssat Eew&dehj dsgj Hkkx dknkSj kdj dsvi uhfj i ksVZ
nsusdsfy, dgkx; kAxt c dhckr rks; g gSfd x`gea=h
fpnacj e usml fj i ksVZdks'final Assesment' Bgj kusdh
mn~anMrk dh vkSj ; g Hkh dg fn; k fd rhuksaokkkZdkj
t Yn&l s&t Yn dehj l eL; k dk gy ysvk, xsA Lora=
Hkkj r dsx`gea=h usvkSj , d ckj Hkkj r dh dwVuhfrd
e; kZnkvksadksrksM+dj dsdehj dks^, d l eL; k^Bgj k
fn; kAokkkZdkj ksausfj i ksVsZnha] ft l esadgkx; k] ^' kkar vkSj
l qn`<+l j dkj ^ghogkdhj kt uSfrd xfrfofk; ksadksfu; a=.k
esaj [kl drhgSA
, d i z' u dsmkj esarhl j sbaVj yksdqVj usdgk]
d' ehj eqn~nsi j ^j ksMeSi ^FkksM+sghfnuksaesafn; kt k, xkA
dqN fnu i woZx`gea=h us dkaxzsl v; {k t Eew&d' ehj
l SQqn~nhu l kst dks; g vk' okl u fn; kfd ml dfeVhesa
og Hkh gksaxsA l kFk gh us' kuy dkaxzsl vkSj i h-Mh-i h- us
vi uh&vi uhckr j [kuh' kq: dhAd' ehj dsckj sesaj ksM&eSi
dkSu cuk, xk\ ' ks[k vCnqYyk dhus' kuy dkWUsal o`gkj
Lok; rkdhckr dj rsgq, 1953 l si woZdhfLFkfr dhcgkyh
dj rh gSA ft l dk vFkZgS&mUgsavyx i zkkuea=h] vyx
l afokku] vyx l oksZPp U; k; ky; ] vyx pquko vk; ksx
pkfg, ] vkSj nwl j hrj Q i h-Mh-i h- ^Lo' kkl u^dhckr dj rh
gSvkSj og i kfdLrkuheqnzk dksd' ehj esaoS/krk fnykuk


/ 21
pkgrhgSA rhl j s] vyxkooknhro gqfj Z; r dkWUsal t Sl s
Hkkj r foj kskhxqVksadsusr`Ro esavkt knhdhekx dj j gs
gSaA vkt rd ; g baVj yksdqVj ^j ksMeSi ^ugharS; kj dj
i k, Al ' kL=cy fo' ks"kkfkdkj dkfcy l nu esa11 fl racj ]
1958 dksi kfj r gqvk] t ksi qLrd ds: i THE ARMED
FORCES (SPECIAL POWERS) ACT,1958 (28 to 1958) esa
vk; kA ; g l suk dks; g vfkdkj nsrk gSfd og ' kkafr
O; oLFkk dk; e j [kusgsrqcy i z; ksx , oaxksyhpykusds
fy, Lora=gSAvkt l suk?kkVhesagksusokysHkkj r foj kskh
"kM~; a=ksadkl keukdj j ghgSA fi Nyseghuksaesa?kkVhesa
vyxkookfn; ksa}kj k QSykbZfgal k esa108 l sT; knk yksx
ekj sx, Amkj vyxkooknho us' kuy dkWsal , oai h-Mh-i h-
t Sl sny vkj ksi yxkj gsgSafd ; syksx l sukdhxksykckj h
esaekj sx, gSavkSj l ' kL=cy fo' ks"kkfkdkj vfkfu; e dks
l ekIr dj t Eew&d' ehj l sl suk dksokfi l cqyk ysuk
pkfg, At cfd rF; ; g gSfd t wu dsckn fgal kesaekj sx,
108 yksxksaesal s, d HkhO; fDr l sukdhxksyhl sughaej kA
vfi rq2500 l Sfud vkradhroksadhi RFkj ckt hesaxaaHkhj
: i l s?kk; y gq, gSaAHkkj r dsl suki zeq[kusHkhdgkgSfd
l ' kL= cy fo' ks"kkfkdkj vfkfu; e dksl ekIr dj usl s
l suk dk eukscy fxj sxkA
bl , sDV esal akksku dj ukvkSj fn, gq, foks"kkfkdkj
dks[kRe dj uk l kL=cyksadksfcuk xksfy; ksadhcanwd
nsust Sl k gksxkA , sl sesat c vkradoknhgeysdj saxsvkSj
vyxkooknh coaMj epk, xsrksgekj sl Sfud rqj ar t okc


22 /
ughans i k, xsA ; q) Hkwfe esackr ksal s ugha] xksfy; ksal s
eqdkcykdj uki M+rkgSA
, d i y dsfy, Hkh; fn gekj st oku fgpfdpkusdh
eu%fLFkfr esaj gsaxsfd t ax dsckn mudsi j eqdnes
gksaxs] ml ds dkj .k D; k dkj ZokbZgksxh vkSj D; k l t k
Hkqxruhgksxh& t c og , sl sfopkj ksal sxzfl r gkst k, xsrks
fQj o dSl snqeuksadkeqdkcykdj l drsgSa\ dSl sl j gn
dhj {kkdj l drsgSa] vkSj dSl snskdsi zfr vi ukQt Z
fuHkkl drsgSa\
oghaHkkj r dsi zkkuea=hJ heueksgu fl ag usdsanz
}kj kd' ehj dksLok; kkrknsusi j fopkj dkHkj ksl knsdj
ns' k dht urk vkSj l Sfudksadk eukscy fxj k; k gSA t gk
gekj si woZt ksaust ku dhckt hyxknhA gekj sns' kHkkj r
dkfnO; Hkky] fgefdj hV gekj kt Eew&d' ehj ] t ksHkkj r dk
vfHkUu vax gS] ogki kfj okfj d j kt uhfr l svksr&i zksr gksdj
; w-i h-, - l j dkj ns' kdhHkkoukvksal s[ksy j ghgSAi zkkuea=h
eueksgu fl ag ewdn' kZd gksdj ; g l c gksrkns[kj gsgSaA
i zkkuea=hdgrsgSafd t Eew&d' ehj dsyksxksadksvkRel Eeku
feyuk pkfg, A ysfdu vkRel Eeku feysxk ' kkafr vkSj
l qO; oLFkkl s] fk{kkvkSj j kst xkj l s] gfj ; kyhvkSj [kqkgkyh
l s] yksdkkgho veu&pSu l sAHkkj r dkvfHkUu vax cudj
gh] 120 dj ksM+dseq[ ; i zokg l st qM+dj gh; g l Eeku
feysxkt ksi wj sHkkj r dkl Eeku gS] og gj , d dehj hdk
vkRel Eeku cusxkAvkrad l sxzfl r] j kgr j kfkdhfuj arj
enn ysusokykvkSj gj nwl j sfnu vyxkooknhrkdrksads


/ 23
dkj .k can] pDdkt ke dschp j Drj aft r vrhr] l adVe;
or Zeku o l afxr Hkfo"; dschp j gusokysukxfj d ugha
cfYd mHkj rhgqbZegkkfDr ds: i esaHkkj r dsukxfj d dh
gSfl ; r l s; g mUgsavkRel Eeku feyukpkfg, A eueksgu
fl ag t h] fganqLrku dsgj ukxfj d dkt ksvkRel Eeku gS]
og d' ehj dsgj ukxfj d dksnhft , A vkt dht ksge
i fj fLFkfr ns[kj gsgSa] og nsu gSbl vkRefo' okl ghu fparu
dhA t c ns' k dk QSl yk i kfj okfj d QSl yk gkst krk gS]
ogk ns' k dh t ur k dsl kFk vU; k; gksusyxr k gSA
t Eew&d' ehj dsyksxksal svyx vfLrRo dhHkkoukusmUgsa
nq%[khfd; kgSAbl dkeq[; dkj .kusg: t hdhHk; adj Hkwysa
gSa] ft udsi fj .kkeLo: i vkt Hkht Eew&d' ehj bl l adVi w.kZ
fLFkfr l sxqt j j gkgSA ; g vR; ar nqHkkZX; i w.kZgSA
t Eew&d' ehj 2 yk[k22 gt kj oxZfd-eh- l ai w.kZgS
POK & LOK dksfeykdj t gkPOK 78 gt kj oxZfd-
eh-] LOK 43 gt kj oxZfd-eh-] 5 gt kj oxZfd-eh- i kd us
phu dksfn; k] Hkkj r dsi kl gS1 yk[k] 1 gt kj oxZfd ehA
i i i i ii lii i- -
ii iln
-- zc rc z s /a% zs% /a ii
ri ii
-| c ra s c sa% cz% az ii
ri ii
i rs as ii r| i za ri
ri ii


24 /
Qj oj h1954 esad' ehj l afokku l fefr }kj kj kT;
dsHkkj r esafoy; uhdj .kdhi qf"V dj nhxbZFkhA 1953
rd t Eew&d' ehj esa^ot hj svkt e* vkSj ^l nj sfj ; kl r*
gqvkdj rsFksAHkkj r esaj k"V&eq[kdksj k"Vi fr o kkuea=h
dgrsFks( t cfd t Eew&d' ehj esaogk ds^ot hj &, &vkt e*
o ^l nj sfj ; kl r* gksrsFksA
29 t wu] 1952 dksHkkj rh; t ul a?kus^d' ehj fnol *
vk; ksft r fd; kvkSj t ki fj "kn~dkl eFkZu fd; k( ft l esa
gt kj ksa; qod t sy esax, A 16 ; qodksausj k"V dsfy,
cfynku fn; kA J ) s; MkW- ' ; kekl kn eq[ kt hZHkkj rh;
t ul a?kdsl aLFkki ddsusr`Ro esal kj sns' kesat Eew&d' ehj
fo"k; dksysdj vkanksyu fd, x, A MkW- eq[kt hZusr;
fd; k Fkk fd ' ks[k vCnqYyk dsi j feV fl LVe dksl ekIr
dj dsghne ysaxs] pkgsmUgsabl dsfy, vi ukcfynku gh
D; ksau nsuki M+s! mUgksausi BkudksV esacgqr cM+hl Hkkdks
l acksfkr fd; kvkSj ogk l sy[kui qj ckWMZj i gqpsA d' ehj
dhi qfyl usmUgsafxj rkj dj fy; k] ft l esavVyt hHkh
mudsl kFkFksA MkW- eq[kt hZusdgk] **vVy] oki l t kvks
vkSj l kj sns' kdkscrkvksfd eSausfcuki j feV t Eew&d' ehj
esaos' kdj fy; kgSA** nqHkkZX; i w.kZ: i l sMkW- eq[kt hZdks
dSnhdhrj g J huxj dht sy esaMky fn; kx; kvkSj t c
oschekj gksx, rks; g [kcj ncknhxbZAmUgsaekqesg j ksx
gksrsgq, Hkhi sfufl fyu dh, yt hZdsckn Hkhog nhxbZA
l kj sns' kl sgt kj ksadhl a[; kesal R; kxzghfcuki j feV ds
t Eew&d' ehj esa?kql usyxsA i wj sns' k esat u&vkks' k i Snk


/ 25
gksusyxkA ysfdu usg: vkSj ' ks[kvCnqYykdhfeyhHkxr
l s23 t wu] 1953 dksbl ht sy esaMkW- eq[kt hZdhj gL; e;
ekSr gqbZ] ysfdu l kj knskbl j kt uSfrd gR; kvkSj "kM~; a=
dkst ku x; kAbl t ?kU; gR; kl st urkesavkks' kQSyus
yxkA MkW- eq[kt hZdscfynku l sns' kO; ki hfrf; k gqbZ(
i fj .kker%t Eew&d' ehj Hkkj r dkvfoHkkT; vax cu l dkA
MkW- eq[kt hZdkukj kFkk&**, d ns' kesa] nksfu' kku]
nks fokku] nks kku ughapysaxs] ughapysaxsA** muds
cfynku l sd' ehj esai j feV Fkkl ekIr gqbZA
j k"Vokn dsfy, geusi gysHkhcfynku fn, gSavkSj
vko' ; drki M+hrksvkxsHkhughapwdsaxsA
Qj oj h1954 esad' ehj l afokku l fefr }kj kj kT;
dsHkkj r esafoy; uhdj .kdhi qf"V dj nhxbZFkhA 1953
rd t Eew&d' ehj esaot hj svkt e vkSj l nj sfj ; kl r gqvk
dj r s Fks] ml ds ckn ogk i j eq[ ; ea=h vkSj j kT; i ky
fu; qDr gksusyxsFksA mudk j k"Vh; ot Hkhvyx ugha
FkkA1956 esad' ehj l afokku l fefr Hkhl ekIr gksxbZFkhA
, sl hfLFkfr i qu%ykusdkeryc gksxkfd i kd o vesfj dk
dsl keusvkRel ei Z.kA Lok; krkdkHkh; ghvFkZgSvkSj
vkt eueksgut h; ghl c dj usdhHkwy dj j gsgSaA
l j nkj i Vsy usft u fj ; kl rksadksvi usHkxhj Fk
; kl l s, d l w= esackkk] vfHkuo Hkkj r dh, drk dk
fuekZ.kfd; k] D; kml , drkvkSj v[kaMrkdksLok; krk
dsuke i j fQj l s[kafMr dj nsukpkfg, \
ns' k Hkj dhfj ; kl rksadsHkkj r dsl kFk foy; ds


26 /
nkSj ku r Rdkyhu kkuea=h i a-t okgj yky usg: usr hu
xaHkhj Hkwysadha] ft udhdher ns' kvkt rd pqdkj gkgSA
l Hkhfj ; kl rksadsfoy; dknkf; Ro l j nkj i Vsy dksl kSai k
x; kFkk] ysfdu usg: t husd' ehj dkekeykLo; avi us
gkFkysfy; kFkkAogkkkj k370 yxkdj fo' ks"knt kZnsuk
mudhxaHkhj re Hkwy Fkh] ft l dsek; e l sbl svyx j kT;
vkSj fo' ks"kj kT; dknt kZfn; kx; kvkSj ; ght Eew&d' ehj
dksvyxkookn dhrj Q ysx; kA
kkj k370 l si gysdqN bfrgkl dhvksj #[kdj saA
vkt knh l si woZHkkj r nksHkkxksaesafoHkkft r Fkk&fczfV' k
Hkkj r vkSj Hkkj r dsj kT; A fczfV' k Hkkj r i wj k vaxzst ksads
gkFkesaFkkrFkkHkkj rh; j kT; dhl Yrursaj kt kvksadsi kl
FkhaA
j kt uSfrd n`f"V l sHkkj rh; j t okM+sfczfV' kl j dkj
dsl kFk gksdj Hkh fczfVk , t saV dk dk; Zdj j gsFksA
t Eew&d' kehj Hkh, d , sl kghj kT; Fkk] t ksckdhj t okM+ksa
esal cl sfo' kky {ks=Qy dk Fkk] vU; j t okM+sXokfy; j ]
cM+kSnk vkSj eSl wj l ed{k FksA bu j t okM+ksadhfl ; kl r
j kt kvksadsgkFkesaFkh] i j gqdwer fczfV' kdj rsFksA
, d O; fDr ust ksns' kdh, drkvkSj v[kaMrkds
i zfr n`<+&l adfYi r Fks] og FksHkkj r j Ru l j nkj oYyHkHkkbZ
i Vsy!
j t okM+ksadk Hkkj rh; l a?k dsl kFk ykusesal j nkj
i Vsy dkvHkwri woZ; ksxnku j gkA
oghat Eew&d' ehj dsj kt kgfj fl ag nqfokkxzLr gksdj


/ 27
Hkkj r vkSj i kfdLrku nksuksal sckr dj j gsFksA Hkkj r dh
vksj l sykWMZekmaVcsVu ust ksFke xoZuj t uj y j gs
gfj fl ag dksl kQ dg fn; kFkkfd og ft l dspkgsl kFk
t qM+l drsgSaAj kt kgfj fl ag dseu esavkt kn t Eew&d' ehj
dk LoIu py j gk Fkk] t ksl j nkj oYyHk HkkbZi Vsy dks
eat wj ughaFkkA
vxLr vkSj vDrwcj dseghusesat c ckrphr dk
nkSj t kj hFkk] rHkhdckbfy; ksausgeyk dj fn; kA ' ks[k
vCnqYykusi wj sfo"k; dkj kt uhfrddj .kdj fy; kA1932
esamUgksaust Eew&d' ehj eql fye dkWUsal dhLFkki uk dj
i kfdLr ku dk gkSl yk c<+k; kA 22 vDr wcj ] 1947 dks
ekSdki j Lr i kfdLrku usHkkj r dkcgqr l kHkkx voSk: Ik
l sdCt k fy; kA t ksvkt HkhHkkj r dk] t Eew&d' ehj dk
oSkkfud vfHkUu Hkkx gSA
egkj kt k gfj fl ag uhan l s t kxs vkSj mUgksaus
vkuu&Qkuu esaaekmaVcsVu dksl ans' kHkst kfd **og gj og
l afk dj usdsfy, rS; kj gSa] t ksvU; j t okM+sHkkj r ds
l kFk t qM+usdsfy, dj j gSgSa] 25 vDrwcj ] 1947 dks
ekmaVcsVu ust okgj yky vkSj l j nkj dsfcuk cSBd dj
; g , syku fd; kfd Hkkj r dkst Eew&d' ehj dk; ku j [kuk
gksxkA
25 vDrwcj ] Operation Rescue Kashmir ' kq: gqvkA
i afMr usg: usogkxyfr; ksadhl qnh?kZl w=hk`a[kykfufeZr
dj nhA mUgksausl suk dksi kfdLrku vfkr d' ehj l s
okfi l cqyk; k vkSj i wj h fLFkfr dksl eL; k dk vkoj .k


28 /
i gukdj ml s31 fnl acj ] 1947 esal a; qDr j k"Vl a?k esays
x, A
1 t uoj h] 1948 dksfu.kZ; fy; kx; k] ysfdu l j nkj
t Eew&dehj dsfo"k; dksl a; qDr j k"Vl a?kesayst kusds
i {k esaughaFksA mudsfopkj esarksvPNk ; g gksrk fd
**Hkkj r f' kdk; r dj usokyk ugha] vfi rqj {kd ds: i esa
vi uk mkj nkf; Ro fuHkk, A**
ogki kfdLrku dksHkkj rh; l sukusukdksapuspcok,
FksvkSj , sl h fLFkfr esai kfdLrku dksi rk Fkk fd og
fu"Qy gksj gkgS] fQj Hkhusg: bl s; w-, u-vks- esaD; ksays
x, \ , sl hD; ket cwj hFkh\
D; kmUgsavi usvki dksvarj j k"Vh; usrkcukusdh
bruht Ynckt hFkhfd mUgksausns' kdsl kFkt ku&cw>dj
HkhKki j kkdsckj sesaughal kspkA t cfd bl fo"k; i j
i w.kZr%l kfkdkj fu.kZ; dj usdhi k=rkHkkj r dhghFkh]
vkSj gSA
, d l ky ckn t uoj h1949 esaegkj kt kgfj fl ag us
vi usi q= MkW- dj .k fl ag dksdk; ZHkkj l kSai kA ogha' ks[k
vCnqYykdksj kt dj usdkekSdkfey x; kAl afokku l Hkk
ds i j ns ds i hNs vk x; k kkj k 370A nwl j h Hkwy]
t Eew&d' ehj Hkkj r dk vfHkUu vax gS] i j kkj k 370 ds
rgr 1dsanzdsi kl dsoy j {kk] fons' kuhfr] eqnzkvkSj
l apkj dsfo"k; ghgSaA 2t Eew&d' ehj j kT; dk vyx
l afokku o vyx ot ] ; g dSl h foMacuk Fkh\ 3
t Eew&d' ehj esavU; Hkkj rh; ukxfj dksadks ogk t ehu


/ 29
[kj hnus] ' kkl dh; ukSdj hi kuso ernku dj usdkvfkdkj
kIr ughagSA ; fn t Eew&d' ehj dhdksbZefgykHkkj r ds
fdl hHkhukxfj d l s' kknhdj ysrhgSrkst Eew&d' ehj ds
ml dsl kj svfkdkj l ekIr gkst krsgSA
Hkkj rh; l al nh; {ks=dsfdl hHkhj kT; dhl hekvksa
esai fj l heu fd; k t k l drk gS] ysfdu t Eew&d' ehj esa
HkkSxksfyd cnyko dj usdsfy, ogk dh fokkul Hkk l s
vuqefr ysuhgksxhA dqy feykdj kkj k370 usd' ehj ds
yksxksaesavyx vfLrRo dh Hkkouk dksi Snk fd; k vkSj
fi Nys63 o"kksesabl vyx vfLrRo dhHkkoukdksj k"Vnzksgh
vkrafd; ksa] LFkkuh; j kt uSfrd nyksao vyxkookfn; ksaus
rFkkdfFkr vkt knhdhekx esacny fn; kA
rhl j h Hkwy ; g Fkh fd usg: i kfdLrku l sykSVs
' kj .kkfFkZ; ksadkst Eew&d' ehj esacl kusi j j kt hughagq, A
bl l s t ul kaf[ ; dh; l ar qyu ds ek; e l s l eL; k dk
l ekkku l aHko gksl drkFkk] ysfdu , sl kgqvkughaAvkt
HkhHkkj r bu rhuksaHkwyksal sl a=Lr gS] t urki j s' kku gSA
Hkkj rh; t urk; qokekspkZvfoyac kkj k370 gVkusdhekx
dj rk gSA ; g ogk dsyksxksadsfodkl dsl kFk l j kl j
vU; k; gSA t Eew&d' ehj dht urk dkseq[; kkj k dsl kFk
l okxh.ki zxfr l sykHkkfUor gksusdsekxZesa; g nqHkkZX; i w.kZ
voj kskgSA
i afMr usg: dh bu rhu Hkwyksadsdkj .k l j nkj
i Vsy vkSj dj ksM+ksaHkkj rokfl ; ksadkv[kaMHkkj r dkl i uk
vkwj k j gkA d' ehj nqfu; k dh ut j ksaesafooknxzLr gSA


30 /
i kfdLrku l sckj &ckj Hkkj r dsi j t ksgeysfd, A
1958] 1965] 1971] 1999 esa&bu l Hkh; q) ksadkeq[; dkj .k
cuk d' ehj A bl esagt kj ksal Sfudksadh' kgknr gqbZrFkk
dj ksM+ksa#i , dhgkfu gqbZAt Eew&d' ehj dhvke t urkdh
ft anxhesaveu] pSu vkSj [kq' kgkyhfeV xbZvkSj d' ehj
vkradokn] ?kql i SB] Nn~e; q) dk eSnku cu x; k! ft l
j kT; l sLo; ausg: t hvkrsgSa] ml j kT; dksges' kkdsfy,
l adVxzLr cukfn; kx; kA
Hkkj rh; t urki kVhZ}kj keqj yheuksgj t ks' kht uoj h
26] 1992dhv; {krkesa*, drk; k=k* dkvk; kst u gqvk]
ft l dkl Qy vk; kst u dj us, oabl sl exzns' kesadk; kZfUor
dj usdk dk; Zekuuh; J h uj sanzHkkbZeksnh }kj k fd; k
x; kA
bl , drk&; k=k dsdkj .k i wj sns' k dsl keus, d
ckj fQj d' ehj dk l adV mt kxj gksx; kA ns' kokfl ; ksa
dksvk' p; Zgqvkfd Lokkhurkdsn' kdksai ' pkr~t Eew&d' ehj
dksj kt kkuh J huxj dsyky pkSd i j vyxkokfn; ksaus
i kfdLrku ds>aMsdksQgj kusdhdksf' k' k dhA i wj k ns' k
vyxkokfn; ksadsbl dkj ukesl sO; fFkr gqvkvkSj vkksf' kr
HkhA MkW- eqj yheuksgj , oauj sanzeksnhdh, drk&; k=k us
bl t u&vkks' kdkst u&vkanksyu dk: i fn; kAdU; kdqekj h
l sd' ehj rd dhl qfu; ksft r ; ' kLoh; k=kdsdkj .ki wj s
ns' kesans' kse dkfo| qr~l apkj gqvkArRdkyhu uj fl agj ko
l j dkj i sap esai M+xbZ] , d rj Q vkMok.kht hdsusr`Ro esa
j ket UeHkwfe vkanksyu] l kaLfrd j k"Vokn dksmt kxj dj us


/ 31
okyk fganqvksadhvfLerk dk ' u vkSj nwl j hrj Q yky
pkSd i j frj axkQgj kusdkj k"Vh; vfLerkdk' uA
uj fl ag j ko dhl j dkj fLFkfr dksl Hkky ughai kbZ]
vkradokfn; ksausj kWdsV] xksyk&ck: n] , -ds-&47 l sQk; fj ax
dh vkSj Qsadsgq, xzsukbVksadschp i j ke] l kgl vkSj
l oksZPp cfynku dhrS; kj hdsl kFkt ks' kht h] uj sanzeksnht h
vkSj gekj s vU; nwl j s usrkx.k gekj h cgknqj l suk dh
l gk; rk l s yky pkSd i gqps vkSj mUgksaus ogk frj axk
Qgj k; kA
Hkkj rh; t urk; qokekspkZdsi woZv; {kt xr dk' kt h]
t ksvkt i kVhZdsj k"Vh; egkl fpo gSa] dk ; ksxnku ; qok
l kgl dki fj pk; d j gkA1994 esa; fn Hkkj r dhl al n~us
t Eew&d' ehj dsckj sesa, sfrgkfl d vke l gefr dkLrko
i kfj r fd; k] i h-vks-dsdksokfi l yssusdkl adYi nksgj k; k
rksbfrgkl xokg gSfd ml dsi hNsHkkj rh; t urki kVhZdh
, drk&; k=kdkghl n~; kl FkkA
bl dkmn~ns' ; Fkki wj sHkkj r dksj k"Vh; vfLerkds
bl i z' u i j t kxzr~dj ukA gekj sns' k dk vewY; l kaL
frd HkwHkkx t Eew&d' ehj vkt fdl xaHkhj fLFkfr l sxqt j
j gkgS] bl xkSj o&; k=kdsek; e l sns' kdsbl vfHkUu
Hkkx i j frj axkQgj kukvkSj oansekrj e~xku dj ekr`Hkwfe
dksl knj oanu dj ukA
, dr k&; k=k dh ' kq#vkr 11 fnl acj ] 1991 dks
dU; kdqekj hl sdsj y] rfeyukMq] dukZVd] vkakznsk] e;
ns' k] xqt j kr] j kt LFkku] mkj ns' k] fnYyh] gfj ; k.kk]


32 /
i at kc] t Eewgj t xg l smRl kghi woZd dk; ZdrkZvksavkSj
t urkdkvHkwri woZl eFkZu feykAoghal j dkj dhrj Q l s
; g vkxkg fd; kt kj gkFkkfd d' ehj esadqN Hkhv?kfVr
u gksAoghvkradoknhgeysl sfcukMj si wj sns' kesa; k=h
t qM+svkSj 50 gt kj dk; ZdrkZt Eewi gqps] ft UgsaJ heqj yh
euksgj t ks' kht hv; {krkesad' ehj t kukFkkvkSj ; sl Hkh
mRl kfgr FksA; g Hkkj rekrkdh, drkvkSj v[kaMrkdkgh
Hkko gSfd l Sfud vkSj LFkkuh; l j dkj hvfkdkj hHkhbl
; k=k esal fEefyr gq, , oagj dkj l s; kf=; ksadsl kFk
pydj j k"Vh; , drk dk i fj pk; d cusA i j nqHkkZX; Fkk
dkaxzsl dkfd bl ns' kHkfDr dsdk; ZesamudkHkkX; ugha
t qM+kFkkrFkkog rS; kj ughaFkhfd Hkkj rh; t urki kVhZds
dk; ZdRkkZi wj s ns' k ds l kFk Hkkj r ekr k ds vfHkUu vax
t Eew&d' ehj dksvi uhxkSj o l kaLd`frd vusdkRedrk ds
ewyHkwr vfkdkj dksl R; kfi r dj usnsA ; k=kesal gkHkkxh
cusgj ns' kHkDr dk, dek=gkfnZd y{; Fkkyky pkSd i j
frj axkQgj kukgSAoghavkradoknhkedhnsj gsFksfd ge
, d Hkh; k=hdksJ huxj ughavkusnsaxsvkSj vxj og vk,
rksmudkst hfor okfi l ughat kusnsaxsA Hkkj rh; t urk
i kVhZdsns' kHkDr ekr`Hkwfe dsfy, vi uht ku dhckt h
yxkusdsfy, rS; kj FksA
br uk gh ugha] HkwL[ kyu dk cgkuk cr kdj
t Eew&J huxj gkbZosdkscan dj fn; kx; kAogha25 t uoj h
l Hkh ; k=h i gqp x, dqN xkM+h l sfudys] dqN vyx
l kkuksal s] i j l j dkj usHkwL[kyu dkdkj .kcrkdj mUgsa


/ 33
j ksd j [kkA rqj ar MkW- t ks' kht h ust Eewvkdj vi us40
l kal nksa] i =dkj ksadsl kFkykbZV ysdj J huxj i gqpsA
mUgksaus*Hkkj r ekrkdht ; * mn~?kks"kofu dsl kFk
yky pkSd i j 26 t uoj hdksi j frj axkQgj k; kA; g t okc
Fkkmu vyokfn; ksadks] vkradokfn; ksadks] dsanzdhdkaxzsl
l j dkj dksvksj mu l Hkhns' knzksghroksadks] t ksns' kdks
ckVukpkgrsgSaA
%%&&&&%%


34 /
trrt qar rrr
*, drk ; k=k* l si zsfj r gksdj Hkkj rh; t urk ; qok
ekspkZus*j k"Vh; , drk; k=k*dssj .kki qat Lokehfoosdkuan
dsi kou t Uefnol 12 t uoj h] 2011 l skj aHkgqbZ
gekj k *Hkkj r&Fke* vfHk; ku Hkkj r Hkj esai zfl )
gqvkAns' kHkj ds; qodksavkSj ; qofr; ksaesans' kHkfDr dkHkko
t xkusdsi kou vfHk; ku esage vi usmn~ns' ; dsfy,
vxzl j gksx, A^d' ehj dsyky pkSd i j frj axkQgj kuk*
gekj k mn~ns' ; FkkA oghal s^j k"Vh; , drk ; k=k* dsanzh;
dk; kZy; 11] v' kksdk j ksMesai nkfkdkj hcSBd esal adYi
dj dk; kZfUor dj usdhi fj dYi uk' kq: gqbZvkSj vyx&vyx
ukeksadschp gekj h, drk&; k=k l sHkkj rh; t urk ; qok
ekspkZusj k"Vh; , drk ; k=kdsuke dkp; u fd; kA
l Hkhi nkfkdkj hj ksekafpr Fksfd ns' kO; ki hvkanksyu
dkfcxqy ct +x; kvkSj ; k=kdh' kq#vkr gqbZAcSBdksaesa
gekj sv; {kdksgj dk; ZdrkZ?ksj dj j [krk] gj fdl hdks
vi uk fopkj crkuk FkkA l kj sns' k esafl racj 2010 esa
Hkkj r i zFke vfHk; ku i zkj aHk gksrsgq, ] bl dk l Qj vc


/ 35
j k"Vh; , drk&; k=ki j vkx; kFkkA
cSBd dhi w.kZgksrhdj usl kal n&egkea=hvknj .kh;
vuardqekj ] ; qok ekspkZi zHkkj h] J h kesanzi zkkut h] l qJ h
ok.khf=i kBh] fl akqt hvkSj v; {kJ hvuqj kx Bkdqj vk, Hkh
dschp ; g vfHk; ku Lokehfoosdkuan t ; arh; qokfnol
12 t uoj hdksMkW- ' ; kei zl kn eq[kt hZdht UeLFkyhdksydrk
l s' kq: dj dsmudscfynku&Hkwfe dehj rd j k"Vh;
, drk; k=k dkvk; kst u&dk; Ze r; gqvkA
j k"Vh; , drk ; k=k u dsoy t ut kxj .k dj sxh]
vfi rq; g l ans' kHkhnsxhfd d' ehj Hkkj r dkvfHkUu vax
gSvkSj ml sHkkj r l svyx dj usdsi z; kl ksadksfdl hHkh
dher i j ns' kl gu ughadj sxkA
bl cSBd esa; g Hkhr; gqvk fd j k"Vh; v; {k
ekuuh; fufru xMdj ht h12 t uoj h] 2011 dksdksydrk
esaHkkt ; qeksdsj k"Vh; v; {kJ hvuqj kx Bkdqj dksj k"Vh;
, drk] LokfHkeku , oaxkSj o dk i zrhd j k"Vot frj axk
l kSai saxs] ft l sysdj Hkkj rh; t urk; qokekspkZX; kj g j kT; ksa
l sxqt j sxhA vc ckr gqbZfd ; k=k fdu&fdu j kT; ksal s
xqt j sxhvkSj fdrusfdyksehVj pysxh\ l kFkgh; k=kdk
yksxksfpD; kgksxk\ Hkkj r Hkj l sl fEefyr fo' kky ; qok
l eqnk; dSl st Eew&d' ehj i gqpsxkA j k"Vh; dk; Zdkfj .kh
^v' kksdkj ksMi j cqyokbZxbZ] t gkj k"Vh; i nkfkdkj hgj
j kT; dsv; {kvkSj egkea=hvk, vkSj ; k=k&: V] ; k=k&fp]
ft l esa; qod vkSj ; qorhnksuksadsl qn`<+gkFkksaesafrj axk
LFkkfi r dj usdkfukkZj .kgqvkA; k=k^dksydkrkl sd' ehj *


36 /
rd fofHkUu j kT; ksal sxqt j rsgq, 3002-54 fd-eh- dhnwj h
r; dj i wj hxfj eko e; kZnkdsl kFkJ huxj dsyky pkSd
i j i gqpdj frj axk Qgj k, xsA
; qokvksadksvfkd&l s&vfkd l a[; kesaJ huxj pyus
gsrqi zsfj r dj usdsfy, ft yko eaMy Lrj i j ^frj axk&okfguh*
dk xBu fd; k x; kA ^frj axk okfguh* dk i zR; sd l nL;
frj axkysdj yky pkSd i gqpkukFkkA
Hkkj rh; t urk; qokekspkZusj k"Vokn vkSj ns' kds
vfHkUu Hkkx d' ehj dksvi uk ; Fkksfpr l Eeku nsusgsrq
dydkk l sd' ehj rd j k"Vh; , drk&; k=k dh ; kst uk
cukbZA
, d r j Q ; k=k py j gh Fkh r ks nwl j h r j Q
vyx&vyx j kT; ksaesa150 t ul Hkkvksadk vk; kst u fd; k
x; kA t ks; g nj ' kkrk gSfd i wj sHkkj r esad' ehj &kafr
t kx j ghgSA; g , drk&; k=ki f' pe caxky l si zkj aHkgksdj
>kj [kaM] fcgkj ] mkj i zns' k] e; i zns' k] j kt LFkku] fnYyh]
gfj ; k.kk] paMhx<+] i at kc gksrsgq, t Eew&d' ehj i gqphAgj
j kT; esabl dkHkO; Lokxr gqvkA
bl ; k=kdsgsrqot dkl Eeku ge l Hkhdk; ZdrkZvksa
dsfy, cgqr egoi w.kZFkkA13&14 fnl acj dksbl ; k=kdh
i wj hrS; kj h] ; k=ki zHkkj ho l a; kst d dhl wfp; k rS; kj dh
xbA
; k=kt gk&t gkHkhi gqph] ml dkHkO; Lokxr fd; k
x; kvkSj frj axsdksi wj seuks; ksx l syksxksa}kj ki wt kx; kA
cSaM&ckt s] i Vk[ks] gkFkh] fo' kky okgu] ?kksM+s] Qwy vkfn l s


/ 37
ekuksi wj sHkkj r ds; qokfrj axkmRl o12 t uoj h] 2011 l s
26 t uoj h] 2011 rd Hkko&foHkksj gksdj >we j gsFksA
j k"Vot frj axk t gk&t gk i gqprk] ml dh i wt k]
vpZuko Lokxr gksrkAl Hkkdh' kq#vkr j k"Vxhr l sgksrh
vkSj l eki u j k"Vxku l sA i zR; sd l Hkk esagekj sLora=rk
l sukuho ' kghnksadsi fj okj t qM+rsvkSj i zR; sd LFkku i j
mudkvk' khokZn feyrkA frj axkokfgfu; ksadksrS; kj fd; k
x; kAl kFkgh^pyksd' ehj l adYi i [kokM+s*dk25 fnl acj
l s10 t uoj h] 2011 rd vk; kst u fd; kx; kAi wj sns' kes
pyksd' ehj dh VqdfM+; k rS; kj gqbA 25 fnl acj dks
J ) s; vVy fcgkj hokt i ; ht hdst Uefnu i j gt kj ksadh
l a[; kesai wj sns' kds; qodksa&; qofr; ksausvi ukuke d' ehj
t kusdsfy, fy[kok; kA
ge , d j kr i gysdksydkrk dsi kVhZdk; kZy;
i gqpsA ogk xqt j kr l sgekj k j Fk vk x; k FkkA ml i j
i ksLVj yxkdj og rS; kj gksj gkFkkA>qfcu] eqds' k] vyi s' k
' kqDy ml j Fkdksysdj vk, FksAHkkj rh; t urk; qokekspkZ
dksuj sanzeksnhusj Fkdsek; e l svi ukvk' khokZn nsfn; k
FkkA ; g oghj FkFkk] ft l esaxqt j kr fokkul Hkkpquko esa
mUgksauspquko&pkj dj cM+hl Qyrkgkfl y dhFkhA
eq>s vkr s gh r uqJ h feyh] ft l us dksydkr k l s
i fj p; dj ok; k] vxysfnu dh ' kq#vkr gksusl si gys
j k"Vh; i nkfkdkfj ; ksadhcSBd gqbZA vxysfnu dsfy,
rS; kj hpy j ghFkhA; k=k' kq: gksusl si gysvuqj kxt hus
Lokeh foosdkuant h dh t UeLFkyh t kusdh bPNk O; Dr


38 /
dhA euksj at u feJ vkSj dydrkesadk; ZdrkvksadhcSBd
ysj gsFksAogha' kke dksl HkhVhe l kfFk; ksausdkyh?kkV dh
dkyhekrk dk n' kZu fd; k vkSj ekrkj kuhdk vk' khokZn
fy; kA
12 t uoj h] 2011 ; k=k dk i gyk fnuA dk; drkZ
t Ynhl srS; kj gksx, vkSj j k"Vh; Vhe dksydkrki gqphA
kesnz i zkkut h us l Hkh dks ekxZn' kZu fn; k] ; k=k dks
i f' pe caxky] >kj [kaM] fcgkj ] mkj ns' k] e; ns' k]
j kt LFkku] fnYyh] gfj ; k. kk] paMhx<+] i at kc] fgekpy]
t Eew&d' ehj gksdj xqt j uk FkkA
l qcg vuqj kxt hdsl kFki wj hVhe Lokehfoosdkuant h
ds?kj xbZA ogk v; kRe dh, d ubZvuqHkwfr dsl kFk
gt kj ksadhHkhM+us; k=k dsfy, vk' khokZn fn; kA nksi gj
12%30 ct s; k=kdks' kq: dj ukFkkA
l HkkLFky i j gekj s ; qok ekspkZds l c j k"Vh;
i nkfkdkj hekSt wn FksAvuqj kxt hdsl kFkdeyski kl oku
t h] fHk`xqcdkhi k=] j k?koy[ku i kyt h] i wue egkt ut h]
fufru uohut h] euksj at u feJ kt h] eksgu j sM~Mht h] , MoMZ
l ksj sut h] j kt s' k pkS?kj ht h] j kgqy dksBkj ht h vkSj l qj s' k
oxfl ; kt hl Hkhvkdj i wj sns' kdkfrfufkRo dydkkesa
dj j gsFksA euksj at ut h] t ks; k=k esavuqj kxt hdsl kFk
j gs] gj t xg dk; ZdrkZvksadsl kFk rkyesy fcBkuk FkkA
pkj &l kj dk dk; Zvuqt ' kekZvkSj j kgqy dksBkj h us
l HkkykFkkA; k=kesanksj FkvkSj l kr xkfM+; kges' kkl kFk
pyha] bl dkfQysdksns[keu QqfYyr gksj gkFkkA; k=k


/ 39
dhi woZrS; kj hesagekj h; k=k&: V dsbapkt Zj sdhdj vk,
FksA
dydkkds; qokekspkZdsl Hkhdk; ZdrkZvferkHkt h
caxky ds; qokekspkZv; {kdsl kFkbl dhrS; kj hesat qVs
FksA dydkk esai ksLVj yxrsgh vxysfnu dE; qfuLVksa
}kj kQkM+fn, t krs] fQj HkhyksxksadkgkSl ykde ugha
gqvkA gekj sj k"Vh; i nkfkdkj hdydkk i gqp x, A l Hkh
cgqr mRl kfgr FksAeu esacSpsuhFkh] i j l Hkhns' kdsfr
l adYi dhHkkoukdsl kFk, d FksA
gekj sj k"Vh; v; {kt hfufru xMdj hvkSj egkea=h
J hvuar dqekj t hdksysus, ; j i ksVZi gqpsA l HkkLFky dks
ns[kvkp; Zpfdr Fksfd i wj sdksydkrkdhut j ; gkFkhA
nskdkgj ; qokbl ; k=kdh' kq#vkr ns[kukpkgrkFkkA
gekj k frj axk rS; kj Fkk] ft l sysdj dksydkrk l s
dehj t kukFkkA l Hkkdh' kq#vkr gqbZl HkkLFky ; qokvksa
dh' ka[kofu l sxwt j gkFkk&
**yky pkSd t k, xs
frj axk Qgj k, xsA**
dkej ku uke ds; qod usbl frj axsdksvyhx<+esa
cuk; k Fkk vkSj dksydkk ysdj vk; k rFkk rhdfp ds
: i esafn; kA eap l st c i wNk x; k&**dehj t kcs\ ** rks
8000 ; qok, d l kFkcksy mBs&**Hkkj r ekrkdht ; ] Hkkj r
ekrkdht ; !**
Le`fr bZj kuhefgyk ekspkZv; {kk}kj k i wj h; qok
ekspkZVhe dksj {kk&l w=ds: i vkkhokZn feykAegsanzi kaMs]


40 /
t ksgekj sdks"B dsbapkt ZgSa] mUgksausgj dne i j bl
; k=kdk; ku j [kkA
l HkkLFky esanksct sfufrut h usvuqj kxt h dks
l Hkhdk; ZdrkZvksadsl keusj k"Vot fn; k vkSj dgk fd
; g ; k=k] t ksLokehfoosdkuant hdst UeLFkku l s' kq: gqbZ
gS] og gekj sj k"Vokn dhHkkoukdsnj ' kkrhgSA l kFkgh
; qokvksadks; g vkoku dj rhgSfd og ns' kdsfy, vkxs
vk, Aogha; k=kds.ksrk] i kVhZdsegkea=hJ hvuardqekj
us; qokekspkZdksvkxsc<+usdkvk' khokZn nsrsgq, *Hkkj r
Fke* esamudkvkoku dj rsgq, dgkfd ^t c&t c Hkkj r
esai fj orZu gqvkgS] og ; qokvksausfd; kgSA vki dh; k=k
l Qy gksxhA* rHkh*Hkkj r ekrkdht ; * l sl HkkLFky xwt
mBkA gekj s v; {k J h fufr u xMdj ht h us fr j axs dks
vuqj kxt hdksfn; kvkSj mUgksausml sxzg.kdj i wj sl Eeku
dsl kFk dgk fd dydkk dk Hkkj r dsbfrgkl esacgqr
cM+k ; ksxnku j gk gS] ; g Hkwfe ' ; kek l kn eq[kt hZdh
t UeLFkyhgS] ; g Hkwfe mu l Hkhkafrdkfj ; ksadhgS] ft Ugksaus
Hkkj r dksvi uscfynku l svkt knhfnykbZgSAbl vol j
i j i wj hnqfu; kns[ksxhfd *Hkkj r , d vkSj v[kaM* gSA
bl dsl kFk; k=kdhHkO; ' kq#vkr gqbZA ; g ; k=k
dydkkl s>qu>qj k] i kMqvk] esekj h] okZeku] xyl h] dudl k]
nqxkZi qj ] vksuMky gksdj vkxsc<+hA ; g ; k=kdydkkl s
' kq: gqbZFkhl Hkhyksx i woZrS; kj hdj usi gqp x, FksA
; k=kdki fpe caxky dsyksxksausvHkwri woZLokxr
fd; kAvkl ul ksy esaHkO; Lokxr dsl kFkdkj fxy ; q) esa


/ 41
' kghn gq, t ; ar eq[kt hZdsfi rk J hfnyhi eq[kt hZdks
l Eekfur fd; kA; k=kesaHkkt i k] Hkkt ; qeksdsusrkx.kvkSj
dk; Zdr kZvksads l kFk Hkkj h l a[ ; k esaLFkkuh; yksx Hkh
' kkfey gq, A ; k=k dk nwl j k fnu i wj k gksj gk FkkA l Hkh
dk; ZdrkZvksadsvkuan dhl heku FkhA
; k=k vc >kj [ kaM esavkusokyh Fkh] 13 t uoj h]
2011 dks; k=k kuokn] ?kqej h] cxkskj ] cj kdVk l scj gh
i gqphAgt kj hckx esavk; ksft r l Hkkesai woZfokea=h; koar
fl Ugk usdsanzl j dkj l sHkkj r&i kd l e>kSrsdks[kqykl k
dj usdhekx dhA; k=kdsrhl j sfnu ; k=kdkgt kj hckx]
ckj kdV~Vh] l fgr dbZt xg HkO; Lokxr gqvkAbl vol j
i j l kal n gfj eka>h] fcgkj l j dkj dsea=hi zse dqekj ]
fokk; d l at ; ; kno] Hkkt i kv; {kfnuskvkuan xksLokeh
l fgr Hkkj hl a[; kesayksx ; k=kesa' kkfey gq, A fcgkj esa
; k=kHkO; Lokxr gqvkAl qkhy vkSj fufru o uohut h}kj k
O; oLFkkvksadk[kkl ; ku j [kkx; kA
j k"Vh; , drk&; k=k' kq: gq, rhu fnu gksx, Fks]
oghat Eew&dehj esacSBsvyxkooknhl axBu o mej vCnqYyk
}kj kc; kuckt hdh' kq#vkr gksusyxhFkhA
gekj h; k=kpkSFksfnu i Vuk] vkj k] cDl j l svkxs
c<+dj mkj i znsk esai gqphA Hkkj rh; t urk ; qok ekspkZ
mkj i znsk}kj kgj hknqcst hdhv; {krkesa; k=kdkHkO;
Lokxr gqvkA bl l si gysi Vukl sl qcg j okukgqbZ; k=k
vkj ki gqph] t gkLora=rkl sukuhohj dqoj fl ag dsLekj d
dsi kl t kdj J hvuqj kxt husmudhi zfrekdksi q"i kat fy


42 /
vfi Zr dhA j kLrsesa; k=k dk Qwyksal so frj axs>aMsdk
HkO; Lokxr gksj gkFkkAmkj i znskesadeyski kl okut h
vkSj j k?ko y[kui kyt hdk l g; ksx j gkA mkj i znsk esa
dkaxzsl dsx<+vesBhesa; k=k dsHkO; Lokxr us; w-i h-, -
l j dkj dhuhan mM+knhA mkj i znskl heki j mft ; ki qj
esaHkkt ; qeksdhj k"Vh; , drk&; k=k xkt hi qj i gqphA ogk
dhHkO; l HkkesaHkkt i kdsj k"Vh; mi k; {kdyj kt feJ
us; k=kdksvkkhokZn nsrsgq, dgkfd ^bl ; k=kl s; qokvksa
dksrkdr feysxhA* vesBhesa; k=k dk HkO; Lokxr gksuk
vi usvki esa; qokvksadht hr gSA ; gk Hkkt i kl kal n J h
uot ksr fl ag fl ) wusdgkfd ^^; g ; k=kdqaHkdj .kdhuhan
esal ksj gh; w-i h-, - l j dkj dkst xkusokyhgSrkfd og
vyxkookfn; ksadk l kFk NksM+dj ns k ds l kFk t qM+sA**
, drk&; k=k dk t ykyi qj ] pkSi kuh] fl QkSyh] t Qukckn]
kfu; ki qj l fgr j kLrsesai M+usokysNksVs&NksVsxkoksavkSj
dLcksaesaHkhHkO; Lokxr fd; kx; kA
frj axk dh' kfDr dksns[k [kqn eSaHkhl kspusyxh
fd ; g rhu j ax i wj snsk dkst ksM+rsgSavkSj vkksd p
geskki zxfr dsfy, pyrsj gusdhi szj .kknsrkgSAdksydkrk
l s' kq: gqbZ; k=kt Sl s&t Sl svkxsc<+j ghFkh] t ul eFkZu
Hkhml hvuqi kr esac<+rkt kj gkFkkAvc ; k=ke; i znsk
esai gqphrFkknfr; kvkSj Xokfy; j esa; k=kdki qj t ksj o
vHkwri woZLokxr gqvkA
J ht hrwft j krh] i zns' k; qokekspkZv; {k}kj kfd,
x, HkO; vk; kst u dsl kFk dk; ZdrkZvksadk mRl kg ns[kus


/ 43
dksfeykA>kl hl snfr; ki gqph; k=kdkt xg&t xg i j
Lokxr gqvkefgyk, ] cPps] cqt qxZt xg&t xg i q"i o"kkZdj
j gsFksvkSj ekrk, fryd yxkdj vkkhokZn nsj ghFkhaA
Xokfy; j esaHkkt i kj k"Vh; egkl fpo J huj sanzfl ag rksej ]
Hkkt i k i znsk v; {k J hi zHkkr >k vkSj uj kske feJ dh
v; {krkesa; k=kdknfr; kesaLokxr gqvkA' kgj dkgj
Hkkx l t k; k x; k] ' kgj dsgj ?kj usfrj axsdk Lokxr
fd; kA ogha; k=k i kl vkrsns[k mej vCnqYyk usc; ku
fn; kfd frj axsl fgr bl , drk&; k=kdkst Eew&dehj esa
oskughadj usfn; kt k, xkA
t Eew&dehj dseq[; ea=h mej vCnqYyk ; g Hkwy
pwdsFksfd og ogkeq[; ea=hgSarksHkkj r dsl afokku ds
rgr cusgSaA frj axsdsl e{k Hkkj r dsl afokku ds}kj k
' kkl u dj usdhmUgksaus' ki Fk yhgSA gj Hkkj rokl hdk
Fke drZO; gS&j k"Vot frj axsdk l Eeku dj ukA ge
dsoy ek=Hkkj r dsgj Hkkx esafrj axkygj kukpkgrsgSaA
bl esadksbZi kVhZ] l eqnk; ] O; fDr fo' ks"kvfuok; ZughagSA
[kqn mej vCnqYykvkdj ; gkj k"Vh; ot ygj k, ] ; g Hkh
U; ksrkge nspqdsFksA dkaxzsl dsukSt oku j kgqy xkakhHkh
vi uh; qokfczxsMdsl kFkbl nskHkfDr dsdk; Zo x.kra=
i oZi j l knj vkeaf=r FksA j k"Vokn vkSj vyxkookn , d
l kFkughapy l drsA^l oZkeZl eHkko* vkSj rqf"Vdj .kdh
uhfr , d l kFkughapy l drhAveu&pSu o fodkl rFkk
vkradokn , d l kFkughaj g l drsAj k"Vokn] l qkkl u vkSj
fodkl ; g nskse dhdM+hgSrFkk rqf"Vdj .k] oksV cSad


44 /
j kt uhfr] vyxkookn] vkradokn ; g nsk&foj kskhuhfr gS&
; g ckr dkaxzsl l e>svkSj mudsfe=mej vCnqYykl e>saA
Hkkj rh; t urk ; qok ekspkZusnskHkfDr dk ekxZ
vi uk; kgS] bl fy, *Hkkj r Fke ; k=k* vkSj yky pkSd i j
fr j axk Qgj kuk gSA gekj k fr j axk , dr k] v[ kaMr k vkSj
nskse dkrhd gSA; g R; kx] cfynku] veu&pSu] [kqkgkyh
dki zrhd gSA; g Hkkj r dkrhd gSrksdehj ?kkVhdk
rhd HkhgSAmej vCnqYykl kgc] vki D; kpkgrsgS\ ; g
Hkkj r dku gSA
eFkqj kdhl Hkkesaj k"Vh; egkl fpo J hvuardqekj
usvi usoDrO; esamej vCnqYykdks; g j k; nhfd bl
; k=kdksj ksdusdsct k; mUgsafrj axsdkLokxr dj ukpkfg, A
j k"Vh; , drk&; k=kvi uhl kFkZdrkl kfcr dj vkxs
c<+j ghFkhA ' kgj dst kx: d l eqnk; dsl kFk xzkeh.k
vapy esaHkhft l rj g l sbl ; k=kdksl eFkZu fey j gk
Fkk] ml l s; g Li "V gksj gkFkkfd dehj dksysdj Hkkj r
dsgj dksusesafparkvkSj vi usnskdsfy, , drkdkHkko
gSA; g i zkkuea=heueksgu fl ag dks; g Li "B l ans' kFkkfd
dehj dksysdj og vi ukn`f"Vdks.kLi "V dj saA
D; k Hkkj r dskkuea=h eueksgu fl ag Hkkj r dh
, drk] v[kaMrk] l qj {kkdkl keukdj usdhfLFkfr esagSa\
xyr vkfFkZd uhfr; ksadsdkj .kegxkbZvkl eku Nwj ghgS
ft l fnu vki usdgkfd dkaxzsl vke vknehdsl kFkgS]
ml nskdkvke vknehegxkbZl s=kfg&=kfg dj j gkgSA
vkn kZgkmfl ax l ksl kbVh] bl j ks cSaM] 2&t h Li SDVe]


/ 45
dkWeuosYFkxsEl ] fLol cSad esadkykku vkfn ?kksVkyksaesa
dkaxszl Ql h gqbZgSA ekvksoknh] uDl yokn i wokpy ds
vyxkooknh nsk dh , drk dkspqukSrh nsj gsgSaA , sl h
i fj fLFkfr esal cl sve eqn~nkt Eew&dehj dksj axj kt u
desVh dsrhu okkkZdkj ksat Sl sl ykgdkj ksadsdakksai j
kdsyusokyskkuea=h vi uh fnkk Li "V dj saxs\ , d gh
ekxZgSdehj l adV gy dj usdkvksj ns' kdh, drkvkSj
v[kaMrkdksdk; e j [kusdkvkSj og gSMkW- eq[kt hZvkSj
l j nkj i Vsyt hdk] vkSj ekxZAge mudsekxZdsvuq; k; hgSaA
20 t uoj h] 2011 dks; k=kgfj ; k.kkl sfnYyhvk
j ghFkhA fnYyh; k=kdk, d , sl kdsanzFkk] ft l l s; k=k
dkeukscy vkSj ' kfDr dkdsanzhdj .kgksukFkkAfnYyhdk
Hkkj rh; t urk ; qok ekspkZJ hudqy Hkkj }kt v; {kds
usr`Ro esabl dhrS; kj hesat qV x; kA gj ft ys14 ft yksa
usvi usegkea=hxt sanz; kno vkSj eut hr fl ag dsl kFk
feydj ; k=k dsHkO; Lokxr dhrS; kj hdhA fnYyhds
v; {kJ hfot sanzxqIrkt hvkSj l kFkegkea=hj es' kfc/kwMh
}kj ki wj h; k=kdkft Eekysrsgq, fnYyhesa27 vyx&vyx
t xg HkO; Lokxr gqvkA
fnYyhns' kdhj kt kkuhgSA fnYyhesaos' kdj rs
gh; k=kus, d ubZpkbZkIr dhA20 t uoj hdkst Sl s
gh; k=kcnj i qj ckWMZj i gqph] nksi gj 1 ct s10000 ckbd
vkSj xkfM+; kFkha] ft l dkfrj axso i q"i o"kkZl sHkO; Lokxr
gqvkA i wj s23 fdyksehVj ; k=kdj usl si gysrqxydkckn
esaHkO; l HkkgqbZ] t gkekrkvkSj cguksavkSj 5000 l sT; knk


46 /
dk; Zdrkvksaus; k=kdkLokxr fd; kA
rqxydkckn] e; wj fogkj ] egj kSyh] nf{k.kh fnYyh
vkSj ubZfnYyh] gj ft ysesaft yk v; {kksa}kj k ; k=k
Lokxr gqvkAvkSj vc l e; Fkki kVhZesage l Hkhdsnknk
J hykyd`".k vkMok.kht hl svk' khokZn ysusdk] ft Ugksaus
Lo.kZt ; arh; k=k] t ukns' k; k=k] l qj kt ; k=k] j kej Fk&; k=k]
Hkkj r l qj {kk&; k=kdsek; e l si wj sns' kdksfn' kknhFkh]
vkSj t ksbl , drk&; k=k ds.ksrk gSaA mUgksaus' kke dks
dkWULVhV~; w' ku Dyc] j Qh ekxZesa*j k"Vh; , drk ; k=k*
vkSj Hkkj rh; t urk; qokekspkZdksvk' khokZn fn; krFkkdsanz
l j dkj esakkuea=heueksgu fl ag fd vl gk; fLFkfr dks
ns[kdj [ksn O; Dr dj rsgq, dgkfd geusi gyhckj ns' k
dsbfrgkl esakkuea=hdh, sl hfLFkfr ns[khgSA
fnYyhdhl Hkkesaegkea=hvuardqekj t h] mi k; {k
J hosadS; kuk; Mwt h] J hfot sanzxqIrkt h] j es' kfc/kwMhHkkj rh;
t urk; qokekspkZdsHkkj hvkSj j k"Vh; egkl fpo J hkesnz
kkut h] l fpo o l gHkkj hok.khf=i kBht hl Hkhus, drk
; k=kdksvi usvk' khokZn fn, A
vxys fnu fnYyh ; wfuofl ZVh esa; k=k dk HkO;
Lokxr gqvkAl qcg l HkhNk=vkSj Nk=k, ; k=kdksvfHkoknu
dj usi gqpsxqCckj ksadsl kFki wj hfnYyhns' k; qokekspkZdh
Vhe us; k=kdksy[ku j ksMl sot hj kckn MkW- l h-oh- j eu
l aLFkku esaLokxr l ekj ksg dsl kFkfonkbZnhA
gfj ; k.kkesa; k=kvkxsc<+hAJ hj kt s' k; knot hus
; k=k dsl kFk gfj ; k.kk esa' kkunkj Lokxr dj ok; kA 21


/ 47
t uoj hdksfnYyhl st Sl s; k=kvkxsc<+h] dkaxzsl ?kcj kbZ
gqbZFkh vkSj vkuu&Qkuu esamej vCnqYyk usvuqj kx
Bkdqj t hdksdgk fd ; k=k dksge t Eewesa?kql usugha
nsaxsAogha; k=kesai kuhi r dhHkO; l HkkesamUgksausdgkfd
ns' kdsfy, vkSj frj axsdsl Eeku dsfy, o gekj sl kFk
vkdj mej vCnqYykfrj axkQgj kukpkfg, A; k=kgfj ; k.kk
l spaMhx<+] eksgkyhi at kci gqph] t gk J hxq# i j okt
fl ag l akqHkkj rh; t urk; qokekspkZdsi at kc dsv; {k
}kj kLokxr fd; kx; kA
J huot ksr fl ag fl ) wt hl kal nusdsanzl j dkj
dksykpkj crkrsgq, dgkfd dSl sbruhHkO; vkSj ' kkafri w.kZ
; k=k dksj ksdusdhckr dj l drhgS; w-i h-, - l j dkj \
Hkkj r dh, drkdksysdj dkaxzsl dknkseqgk#[kl keusvk
x; k gSA gksf' k; kj i qj ] ve`rl j vkSj t kyakj esa; k=k dk
HkO; Lokxr fd; kx; kA bl ekSdsi j yksxksadhekSt wnxh
; k=kdsfr c<+j gsl eFkZu dksnj ' kkj ghFkhA
kkuea=hdkc; ku fd ^; g ; k=kt Eew&d' ehj dh
' kkafr dksHkax dj usokyhgS\ pkSadkusokyk FkkA t cfd
gekj kmn~ns' ; ; qokvksadkst ksM+ukgS] ft l l svyxkookfn; ksa
dksd' ehj dksrksM+usdhea' kk l Qy u gksl ds] ysfdu
kkuea=hdsdFku l s; g l kQ gkst krkgSfd ; g mudks
j kl ughavkj gkvkSj vkt og fons' khrkdrksadhdBi qryh
cu x, gSa] t ksHkkj rh; yksdra=dsfy, nq%[kn gSAx.kra=
fnol ] 26 t uoj hl HkhHkkj rh; ukxfj dksadsfy, j k"Vh;
i oZgSA Hkkj rh; t urk; qokekspkZusbl hdkj .k; g fnu


48 /
pqukvkSj gekj sfy, ; g l koZHkkSfedrkdki oZgSAkkuea=h
eueksgu fl ag dksgesabl dk; Zdsfy, grksRl kfgr dj us
dsct k; ckkbZnsdj gekj kmRl kg&okZu dj ukpkfg, A
vc i wj sHkkj r dsvyx&vyx j kT; ksal s^frj axk
okfguh* t Eew&d' ehj dh vksj py nh FkhaA dU; kdqekj h]
rfeyukMq] dsj y] dukZVd] egkj k"V] vl e] xqt j kr] mM+hl k]
caxky] mkj ns' k] e; ns' k] j kt LFkku] Nkhl x<+] >kj [kaM
vkfn l Hkhj kT; ksa}kj kVsuksal syksx i gqp j gsFksAi wj sHkkj r
l s50000 yksx t Eew&d' ehj i gqpsA yky pkSd i j frj axk
Qgj kusdk eul wck Fkk vkSj gkFk esafrj axk ysdj ; k=k
vi us&vi usLFkkuksal s' kq: gksxbZFkhA
dydkkl skj aHkgqbZ; k=kvc t gkvi usy{; ds
ut nhd i gqp j ghFkh] oghavc vyxkokfn; ksaesa?kcj kgV
c<+j ghFkhA t kyakj esa23 t uoj h] 2011 esa12 gt kj
yksxksadschp l HkkgqbZvkSj ml esaJ huot ksr fl ag fl ) w
l fpo] i at kc dsdkuwu ea=h, oaf' kj ksef.kvdkyhny us
bl dkHkO; Lokxr fd; kA
vxysnksfnu gekj si kl t Eewi gqpusdsFksvkSj
vc ; k=kdk, sl kHkkx ' kq: gksrkgS] ft l usi wj snskdks; w-
i h-, - dkvl yhpsgj kcrkfn; kfd fdl rj g dsanzesacSBh
dkaxzsl dhl j dkj nsk&foj kskhdk; Zdj usokysvyxkookfn; ksa
dsl keus?kqVusVsd j ghgSA
24 t uoj h] 2011 dksfnYyh l seSat Eewi gqphA
; k=k24 t uoj h' kke dkst Eewi gqpusokyhFkhAesj sl kFk
gekj s j k"Vh; mi k; {k J h deys k i kl oku] J h oh-oh-


/ 49
j kt sk] dsj y dsv; {kge l c , ; j i ksVZi gqpsrks, sl kyx
j gkFkkekuksgeusdksbZt qeZfd; kgks!
Hkkj r nskdsukxfj d gksrsgq, Hkhgekj sj k"Vh; i oZ
x.kra= fnol ] 26 t uoj h] 2011 dsfnu gekj snsk ds
vfHkUu vax esadehj dsyky pkSd i j frj axkQgj kusds
fy, l a?k"kZdj uki Mj gkFkk!
, ; j i ksVZNkouhesacny pqdkFkkAoghanwl j hrj Q
gekj s ; qok ekspkZv; {k J h vuqj kx Bkdqj ; qokvksadk
eukscy c<+kr s gq, Lo.kZeafnj ] ve`r l j esan kZu dj
ckckt hdk vkkhokZn ysdj xq#nkl i qj vkSj i BkudksV esa
; qokvksadhHkO; ; qokl HkkdkgkSl ykc<+kj gsFksA
nwl j h J h egsanzi kaMs] l qJ h ok.kh f=i kBh] J herh
i wue egkt u] J h eksgu j sM~Mh] J h l qj sk oxfl ; k] J h
j kt sk ; kno] J hHk`xzqt ht Eewi gqpdj vkxsdhj .kuhfr
rS; kj dj j gsFksA Hkkj rh; t urk; qokekspkZdsdk; ZdRkkZ
i wj snskl sVsu }kj k] cl }kj k] ykbV l so xkfM; ksa}kj k
t Eewi gqp x, FksA oghagekj hdbZVsuksadkschp esaj n~n
dj fn; k x; kA dukZVd l svkrhgqbZVsu t c egkj k"V
i gqphrksVsu dk bat u cnydj okfi l j okuk dj fn; k
x; kAHkkj r l j dkj usegkj k"Vdhdkaxzsl l j dkj dsl kFk
feydj i gyhckj , d Li sky Vsu dksgkbZt Sd dj okdj
vi usdqkkl u esa, d f?kukSukdkyki Uukt ksM+fn; kA
%%&&&&%%


50 /
frnfa r aztrt
t Eewdh; qokekspkZj SyhdkekxZnkZu nsusdsfy,
fnYyh l sgekj h yksd l Hkk i zfri {k usrk J herh l q' kek
Loj kt ] j kT; l Hkki zfri {kusrkJ hv: .kt sVyhvkSj j k"Vh;
egkl fpo J hvuar dqekj t c t Eew, s; j i ksVZi j i gqpsogk
, s; j i ksVZi j ghmUgsj ksddj okfi l t kusdksdgk x; kA
D; kfdl hHkhHkkj rh; ukxfj d dksnskdsfdl hHkhHkkx
esat kusl sj ksdkt kl drkgS\ 3%18 ' kke t Sl sghQykbZV
t Eewdehj i gqphogkadsfMI; wVhdehuj usmUgsj ksddj
Section- 144 dsrgr Administrative order fn[kk; kvkSj t c
mUgksuscgkj t kusdhdksfkkdhrHkhcgkj l srkykyxk
fn; kA oghrhuksausrk kj usi j cSB x, vkSj ckgj t Eew
, s; j i ksVZi j ge yksx mUgsysusi gqpsrksmUgsackgj vkus
ughafn; kt kj gkFkkAgekj sgt kj ksadk; ZdrkZt Eew, ; j i ksVZ
dsckgj kj usi j cSB x, A i qfyl usogk ykBhpkt Z' kq:
dj fn; kvkSj ge l Hkhdks[knsM+usdhdksfkkdhA
foeku l smrj rsghrhuksausrkvksadkst EewdsMh-
, e- usrM+hi kj dk voSkkfud vkWMZj gkFk esaFkek fn; kA


/ 51
t c t sVyht husml vknskdhl aoSkkfudrki j u fd; k
rksogk dkkkl u fu#kj gksx; kA osl c xyr uhfr]
xyr vknsk dk i kyu dj j gsFksA 60 l ky i gys] MkW-
' ; kekl kn eq[kt hZdksj ksdkx; kvkSj vkt gekj sofj "B
usrkvksadksj ksdk x; kA rc l sj kohesacgqr l k t y cg
x; k] ysfdu vCnqYyki fj okj dkj oS; kughacnykA
9 ct srd j k"Vdsegoi w.kZusrkvksadksfxj rkj
dj fy; k x; k Fkk vkSj mUgsavyx&vyx xkfM+; ksaesa
t Eew&dehj l sckgj rM+hi kj dj fn; k x; kA bl i wj s
okfd; susvki krdky dh; kn fnyknhAl j dkj vyxkooknh
rkdrksadkl kFknsrhut j vkj ghFkhA
Lora=Hkkj r dhl cl scM+hi apk; r l al n~dsnksuksa
l nuksadsfoi {k dsusrk vkSj 9 j kT; ksai j l qkkl u dj us
okyhi kVhZdsofj "B j k"Vh; egkl fpo dksut j can fd; k
vkSj fQj j okukfd; kA
l q"kekt hdsV~ohVj dsdkj .ki wj snskvkSj ehfM; k
dksbl rM+hi kj dk i rk pykA l Hkh pSuyksaesa*j k"Vh;
, drk; k=k*] ^t Eew&dehj *] ^frj axkut j can*] rM+hi kj vkfn
Nkx; kABreaking news, Headline news, Panal Discussion,
i wj snskesa, d ghcgl py i M+hFkh&*j k"Vh; , drk; k=k*]
*dehj *] *frj axk*A ge vi useqdke i j Fks] cl eaft y
ckdhFkhAi wj snskesa, d l qj esadj ksM+ksayksxksavkSj yk[kksa
dk; ZdrkZvksadhvkokt xwt mBhFkh&*gekj kdehj &gekj k
fr j axkA*
j kr 12%30 ct sgt kj ksaukSt oku dk; ZdrkZ>aMsvkSj


52 /
cSuj ysdj l M+d dschp vkx, FksAVh-oh- pSuy dsflash
blubs

flash dj j gsFksA t Eew&dehj dhi qfyl usf=ewfrZ
dksrM+hi kj dj fn; kFkkA og j kohdsi j okysfczt l s
i at kc dsekkoi qj Hkst fn, x, FksA
rhuksusrkvksadksekkoi qj ckWMZj i j NksM+fn; k
x; kA Hkkj rh; t urk i kVhZdsl cl scM+susrkvksadhbl
rj g dhfLFkfr ns[kdj fnYYkhesaj kt ?kkV i j J hj kt ukFk
fl ag l Hkhdk; ZdrkZvksadsl kFkmi okl i j cSB x, A ogha
ydj vkradoknhl axBu uskedhnh] ^ge ; qokekspkZdh
j k"Vh; , drk; k=ki j t Eew&dehj esageykdj saxs*] vkSj
vyxkooknhusrk; kfl u efyd usdgk] ^ns[krsgSa] fdl dk
>aMk ygj krk t krk gSyky pkSd i j \ eq[ ; ea=h mej
vCnqYykus; k=kj ksdusdsfy, [ksn dV fd; kvkSj oki l
t kusdsfy, fuosnu Hkhfd; kAdsanzh; x`gea=hfpnacj et h
usVsyhQksu dj ds; k=k l ekIr dj usdk vkxzg fd; kA
kkuea=heueksgu fl agt husekuuh; vkMok.kht hl sckr
dhAt Eew&dehj dsi qfyl egkfunskd] ogkdsx`g l fpo]
mPp Lrj h; vQl j ksausgokbZvM~Msi j i gqpdj rhuksa
usrkvksadsl kFkckr dhvkSj nwl j sfnu t Eewesavk; ksft r
i =dkj okkkZdsckn oki l t kusdkl q>ko fn; k( ysfdu
rhuksausrkvksausLi "Vr%; k=kdkschp esaNksM+usl sbudkj
dj fn; kvkSj i wj seuks; ksx l syky pkSd t kusdsl adYi
dksnksgj k; kA rhuksausrd dgk fd ^vki gesa; gk fj gk
dj saxs] rksge oki l yky pkSd dhvksj LFkku dj saxsvkSj
26 t uoj h dh ' kke rd yky pkSd dh vksj gh pyrs


/ 53
j gsaxsA*bu rhuksadkn`<+l adYi t kuusdsckn t Eew&dehj
kkl u usj kr 9 ct sdsckn bu rhuksadksvyx&vyx
xkfM+; ksaesai wj hl qj {kkdsl kFkpqi pki j okukfd; kA
l al n~dsnksuksal nuksadsfoi {kdsusrkvksa, oai kVhZ
dsegkl fpo dsl kFkx.kra=fnol dhi woZl a; ki j j ksdus
dh, sfrgkfl d xyrhdhxbZA bu rhuksausrkvksadksbl
rj g j ksdukvkSj oki l Hkst ukvl aoSkkfud vkSj xSj &dkuwuh
FkkA
; g , d vuks[kkl a; ksx Fkkfd t gkMkW- ' ; kekl kn
eq[kt hZi j feV .kkyhdksl ekIrdj t Eewesaosk fd; k
Fkk] t gk' ; kekl knt hdkHkO; Lekj d cuk; kx; kgS] ogk
mUgksausvi uhvkst Lohok.khl svafre l anskfn; kFkkvkSj
ekuuh; vVy fcgkj ht hdksmudkog l anskysdj nskHkj
esat kusdksdgkFkkAml i fo=Hkwfe i j 25 t uoj h] 2011
dks, d foj kV~j Syhdkvk; kst u l ai Uu gqvkFkkA
, d rj Q cgrhgqbZj koh] nwl j hrj Q l eqanj dh
ygj ksat Sl hnskHkfDr l s>werh; qok' kfDr] nskdsdksus&dksus
l svkbZfrj axkokfguh' ; kekl knt hdsLekj d i j , df=r
gksdj j kohdsml i kj t Eewdhvksj dwp dj usdsfy,
l Uu) gks xbZFkhA l q"kekt h] t sVyht h] vuar dqekj t h]
' kkarkdqekj t h] kesnzkkut h] t xr dkkt h] vuqj kxt h
l fgr l HkhusrkvksausMkW- eq[kt hZdhfrekdksi q"i kat fy
vfi Zr dhA
ml foj kV~j Syh esacksyrsgq, l q"kekt h usdsanz
l j dkj dhrkukkkghdkfoj ks/kfd; kA v#.kt husfrj axk


54 /
Qgj kusdsl adYi dksnksgj k; kA Lora=rkl axzke esafrj axk
l a?k"kZdkrhd FkkAml dko.kZu dj rsgq, dsanzvkSj nsk
l j dkj ksadsvoSkkfud dkj ukeksadhkTt hmM+kbZA
gekj hvkf[kj heaft y dsoy yky pkSd ghughagS(
t c pok i j frj axk ughaQgj k, xs] rc rd l a?k"kZpyrk
j gsxk( bl rj g vuardqekj t h usgekj k gkSl yk c<+k; kA
i gysl R; kxzg dsl R; kxzgh' kkarkdqekj t husmu fnuksadks
; kn fnyk; kA gekj sHkkj h kesnzkkut h usl a?k"kZdh
deku l Hkkyrsgq, vkxsdhj .kuhfr dh: i j s[kkj [khA
dksydkrk l syxkrkj ; k=k dk usr`Ro dj usokys
gekj sv; {kJ hvuqj kx Bkdqj usyky pkSd i gqp frj axk
Qgj kusdkl adYi nksgj krsgq, ] i wj sekxZesal kFknsusokys
yk[ kksa&dj ksM+ksat ur k dk vkHkkj dV fd; kA j Syh ds
i pkr~rhuksausrkvuqj kx Bkdqj o ' kkarkdqekj l fgr j Fk
i j p<+svkSj gt kj ksadk; ZdrkZvksadsl kFkekkoi qj l sj koh
fczt l st Eewdhrj Q dwp fd; kAvn~Hkqr n`; Fkk] l qanj
fr dschp cgrhunhvkSj l srqdsi j j Fkdsl kFk
ygj krsgq, gt kj ksafrj axsAl srqdhvksj t Eewnskesaosk
dj rsgh gt kj ksai qfyl okyksausj Fk dh vksj c<+rh ; qok
' kfDr dksj ksd fy; k] ysfdu l srqdsuhpscgrhunhdks
i kj dj dsfrj axsfy; sl SdM+ksaukSt oku oskdj pqdsFksA
dksydkrkl sekkoi qj rd vi uheksVj l kbfdy l sunhdks
i kj dj usdsl kgl usl cdksj ksekafpr dj fn; kA bu
i qfyl l Hkhdk; ZdrkZvksadksfxj rkj dj fy; kAfxj rkj h
dsi gysl HkhusrkvksausehfM; kdksl acksfkr fd; kvkSj 24


/ 55
?kaVksaesa, d rM+hi kj vkSj nksfxj rkfj ; ksadsl kFk l a?k"kZ
dk mnkgj .k Lr qr fd; kA vuqj kx Bkdqj t h vkSj ; qok
l kfFk; ksadksdBqvk dsi qfyl ykbZu esacanhcukdj j [kk
x; kA l q"kekt h] v#.kt h] vuar dqekj t h] ' kkar kdqekj t h
dksnwl j ht xg j [kkx; kA x.kra=dhi woZl a; ki j dbZ
usrkvkSj ; qokl kFkhdBqvkesaut j can j gsA fQj HkhdbZ
; qokl kFkhJ huxj i gqp x, Fks] ; g rS; kj hFkh26 t uoj h]
2011 dhmkj j kt ukFkfl agt hdsusr`Ro esagt kj ksadk; ZdrkZ
fnYyhesaegkRekxkakhdhl ekfkdsl keusvuku i j cSB
x, A
nskHkj esa&t urkdschp] cqf) t hfo; ksadschp] gj
?kj esa] gj [ksr esa] gj pkSj kgs&pkSi ky esa, d ghppkZpy
j ghFkh&D; kdy 26 t uoj hyky pkSd i j frj axkQgj k, xs\
nskdsgj pSuy] gj i Suy i j , d ghcgl vkSj okkkZyki
py j gkFkk&^26 t uoj h] 2011 vkSj j k"Vh; , drk; k=kA*
vkp; Zdhckr rks; g j ghfd gj , adj HkkofoHkksj gksdj
panalist dksLo; ai wN j gkFkk] *yky pkSd esafrj axkD; ksa
ughaQgj kuk pkfg, \ *
l kj knskvfHkHkwr gksx; kFkkAbl eqn~nsi j eueksgu
fl ag] fpnacj e] j kgqy xkakh] mej vCnqYyk] ; kfl u efyd]
egcwck eqrh] fxykuh] v#akrhl c vyx&Fkyx i M+x,
FksAl exznsk; k=kdsl kFk] l kj knskvfHkUu dehj ds
l kFk] l kj knskfrj axsdsl kFkFkkA
t Eewesadk; ZdrkZvksadkt ekoM+k' kq: gksx; kFkkA
ge l HkhO; oLFkkesayxsFks] ; ghvkkkFkhfd ; k=k&j Fk


56 /
t Yn ght Eewi gqpsxkA ogk t Eew&dehj gkbZoscan dj
fn; kx; k] t Eew&i BkudksV vkSj t okgj Vuy can dj nh
xbZHkhA t Sl sgh; k=kekkoi qj i gqph] vc fLFkfr ; g gks
xbZfd l Hkhfxj rkfj ; ksadsckn Hkhnsk ds; qokvksadk
eukscy de ughagqvkA
i zHkkj hj k"Vh; egkl fpo kesnzkkut husekkoi qj
esai qy i j dk; ZdrkZvksadsl kFkekspkZl Hkkyk] oghanwl j h
rj Q gekj susrk] Hkkj rh; t urk i kVhZds; qok ekspkZdh
vyx&vyx VqdfM+; kJ huxj i gqp pqdhFkhaAi wj sfganqLrku
esafrj axsdhgok py i M+hA ; qok] t ksnsk dhvfLerk]
v[kaMrk] vkSj , drkdsfy, daks&l s&dakkfeykdj dehj
dhvksj py i Ms+FksA ; g ; k=kvc frj axsdsl Eeku dh
; k=kcu xbZFkhA
^t gk gq, cfynku eq[kt hZ
og dehj gekj kgS
og dehj gekj kgS
t ksl kj kdkl kj kgS
bl ; k=kesa^; qokghD; ksa*] D; ksafd t c&t c nskesa
kafr vkbZgS] pkgsog 1947 esavaxzst ksal sHkkj r dksNqM+kuk
gks] pkgsj ket UeHkwfe vkanksyu gks] pkgsnskdsvkRel Eeku
dhckr gks] ogk ; qok c<+&p<+dj yM+k gS] cksyk gSvkSj
t hrkgSA
^; k=kghD; ksa*&l Eekuh; J hyky".kvkMok.kht h
usvi usj kt uSfrd dk; Zdky esa; k=kvksa}kj k yksxksads
ekul i Vy i j nskdsj kt uSfrd ekufp=dhrl ohj cny


/ 57
nhFkh] ; gk rd fd i wj sfganqLrku esa, sl k ekgkSy cuk]
ft l l sgekj si wT; j k"Vusrkekuuh; J hvVy fcgkj hokt i s; h
dsusr`Ro esageusek Hkkj rhdksLof.kZe i y esans[kkA
^dehj ghD; ksa^&x.kra=fnol gekj sfy, j k"Vi oZ
gSA og gekj sHkkj r dk fnO; eku gS] t uuht UeHkwfe dk
fgefdj hV gSA
t c rd ogkds; qokvksadks] yksxksadkssl kFkfeykdj
ge vkradoknhvkSj vyxkookfn; ksa] nskfoj kskhrkdrksadks
[knsM+ughansrs] rc rd ' kkar ughacSBsaxsA
dehj dk gj ; qok i <+sA ml sj ksVh] ?kj ] j kst xkj ]
l ai Uurk vkSj l EEkku feysA
^Hkkj rh; t urk i kVhZghD; ksa*&D; ksafd gekj hi kVhZ
dsl aLFkki d MkW- ' ; keki zl kn eq[kt hZusgesa; g fopkj kkj k
nhch-t s-i h- l oZO; ki h] l oZHkkSehvkSj l oZLi khZl axBu gSA
gj j kT; dks] gj O; fDr dks] gj keZdks] gj fopkj dks
, dkRe ekuookn dsnkZu dsl kFk pyuk gSA gekj sfy,
j k"Vokn dhHkkoukl oksZi fj gSA
%%&&&&%%


58 /
ze tt, zo++ rntt
r r rqn, fatnr rtrqn'
Ykky pkSd dspkj ksavksj 50 ehVj rd ?ksj kcnhA
dsanzh; l qj {kk cy dst oku rSukr vkSj oghal sHkkj rh;
t urk; qokekspkZdkt Tckfn[kkbZnsrkgSAl qcg nl ct s
i gyhdksf' k' ki s' ksl sbat hfu; j xqt j krds- ds- mi k; k;
}kj kdhxbZvkSj i qfyl }kj kfxj rkj A
nwl j hVksyhgekj sj k"Vh; i nkfkdkfj ; ksadh] ft l esa&
1- mi k; {k J hfHkzxqcD' khi k=]
2- mi k; {k J hj kt s' k pkSkj h]
3- ea=hJ heksgu j sM~Mh]
4- dks"kk; {k J hl qj s' k oxfl ; k]
5- J h' kr; u cl q]
6- J hezhxkdA
bu l Hkhdksns' kHkfDr dhHkkoukdsl kFkd' ehj ds
Hkkb; ksadkl kFknsusdkeukscyA
24 t uoj h] 2011 dksog J huxj i gqpsA l Hkhus


/ 59
LFky i j t kdj ns[kkA fQj dj uk Fkk /ot dk bart keA
<w<+rs&<w<+rsfj D' kk esaekdsZV x, ] dghadqN u feyusi j
gksVy oki l vk, rkst Sl sdqN fcNqM+x; kgks] , sl snq%[kh
gksx, ] fQj fdl hrj g dk; Zdkfj .khl nL; MkW- vyh}kj k
ot feyk] t c >aMkysdj gksVy i j vk, rksekukst hou
dhl cl scM+h[kq' khfeyhgksAoghafnYyhl sMkW- vkj -i h-
fl ag vk, vkSj 25 t uoj hdh' kke mUgsaHkh>aMk fn; kA
vkj -i h- fl ag vkSj f' k[kkj k; t hfnYyhefgykekspkZv; {kk]
ogkvki gqphFkhaAfQj >aMkysdj Ng yksx gksVy i gqps]
oghavxysfnu i qfyl okyksadks[kcj yx xbZ] osehfM; k
dksysdj gksVy i gqpsvkSj mUgsfxj rkj dj fy; kA [kwc
ekj k&i hVk] vi ' kCn dgs] t Sl sosi qfyl okysns' knzksghgksa]
Hkkj r dksxkfy; k nsj gsFksA l Hkhdkst sy esaHkj fn; kA
vk' p; Zdhckr rks; g Fkhfd ml t sy esaog ekj [kkj gs
Fks] t ksfrj axkQgj kusyky pkSdvk, FksvkSj nwl j hrj Q
; kfl u efyd vyxkoknh] ns' knzksgh dsl keuspk; vkSj
fcj ; kuhj [khFkh] og Hkht sy esagekj sl keusfl xj sV ds
kq, mM+kj gkFkkAge rksns' kdsfy, t hus&ej usokysgSaA
bl hi j dgwxh&
^; w rksd' ehj esapkj ksarj Q gfj ; kyhgS
i j dksbZog' kh] nfj ankbl gfj ; kyhdks
ck: n dhyi Vksaesa>ksadrkgS
vj s! vksns' knzksghvyxkokfn; ks
dHkhrksvi usued dkgd vnkdj ks
vc vkSj u yksgekj sl czdkbfErgku


60 /
D; ksafd ft l fnu
Hkkj r dsyksx rqEgkj sl keusvk, xs
ml fnu i kfdLrku vfkr d' ehj rksD; k
ykgkSj i j frj axk ygj k, xsA*
nksi gj 12 ct snwl j hVhe dksfxj rkj dj fy; k
x; k] fQj vkbZxqt j kr dhVhe] ft l esa
1- ; qokekspkZv; {kxqt j krdsi znhi fl ag ok?ksykA
2- egkea=hg"kZl a?koh]
3- vyi s' k HkkbZfyaokfp; k]
4- ' k' khdkar i aM~; kA
' kf' kdkar i aM~; k t ksfMl k ft yk dsv; {k gSa] og
gj l ky vej ukFkdsn' kZu dj ust krsgSa] bl ckj mUgksaus
gekj sfy, egoi w.kZl g; ksx dkdk; Zfd; kA 21 t uoj h]
2011 dksog J huxj i gqps] mUgksausyky pkSd dsut nhd
gksVy d' ehj baVj us' kuy esaj gukmfpr l e>kAdej kua-
109] 110 esa25 t uoj hdh' kke dksi znhi fl agt hvi us
l kFkhdk; ZdrkZvksadsl kFki gqpsA
26 t uoj h] 2011 dksi zkr%eukscy dsl kFk yky
pkSd i j t kusdsfy, rS; kj gq, rks}kj i j rkykyxkfn; k
x; kFkkfd dksbZHkhdej sl sckgj ughafudy i k, AfQj
l keku ysdj uhpsvk, vkSj i qfyl i hNsvkbZmul svkxzg
fd; k x; k fd ^gesaxqyexZt kuk gS*] rHkhi znhi t hvi us
l kfFk; ksadsl kFk^Hkkj r ekrkdht ; *dkl acksku dj rsgq,
yky pkSd dhvksj frj axk ysdj nkSM+sA fQj ns[khi qfyl
dhnfj anxh] mUgksausgekj s^j k"Vot * dksQkM+fn; k vkSj


/ 61
mUgsafxj rkj dj cgqr ekj kvkSj i zrkfM+r fd; kAmUgsaHkh
ml ht sy esaysx, ] t gkgekj hnwl j hVqdM+hcan FkhAogk
i qfyl okyksausfQj l sl Hkhdkscsj gehl sekj ki hVkA
l kFkghdPN l svkbZgekj hpkSFkhVhe] ft l esa&
1- t hxj NsM+k]
2- vt hr j keok.kh]
3- ekSeS; k x<rh]
4- eksl e i kVfM; k]
5- fot ; fl ag t kMst k]
6- vehj pkoM+k]
7- fHket h t kskk.kh]
gekj hpkSFkhVhe 26 t uoj hdks' kke 4 ct sJ huxj
i gqph] foeku l smrj yky pkSd t kukFkk] i j i wj s' kgj dh
?ksj kcanhdhgqbZFkh] fQj , d fj D' kkokysl sckr dj Vwfj LV
cu , d gksVy esai gqps] ogk gekj snksl kFkhFks] ft Ugksaus
Vwfj LV cu : e dhcqfdax dj okj [khFkhA yky pkSd l s
FkksM+hghnwj FksvkSj ?kaVk?kj dsi kl mUgsayksxksaus?ksj
fy; kog ; kfl u efyd dsLFkkuh; dk; ZdrkZFks] rHkhds
, d t oku usgesaml HkhM+l scpkusdsfy, fxj rkj
dj dsi qfyl dksl kSai fn; kAi qfyl LVs' ku esagesa[kwc i hVk
vkSj l kj kl keku Nhu fy; k] xkfy; knhavkSj vksj hdksBj h
esaMky fn; kA oghanwl j svkradoknhHkhdSn Fks] ft Ugksaus
, d fnu i gysi wj sLdwy dkst ykfn; kFkkAl HkhdksdSaph
vkSj pkdwl sMj k; kA
gekj hi kpohVhe j kt LFkku dhFkh] ft l esa&


62 /
1- ft rsanzfeukt h]
2- fot sanz]
3- yksdsanzfl ag j t koj ]
4- fot ; mi k; k; ]
5- fouksn j kor]
6- Hkwi sanzpkSkj h]
7- v' kksd HkkVh]
8- vkj - i h- fl ag]
9- f' k[kk j k; ]
10- fgj su feJ k, oa
11- caxky l sft rsanzdqekj xqIrkFksA
bu l Hkhdsl kFkvekuoh; O; ogkj gqvkA l kFkgh
t Eew&d' ehj dhdk; ZdrkZgfyek v[rj ] ft Ugsa' kkj hfj d
i zrkM+uknsdj cky dkV fn, vkSj 30 frkr t ykfn; k
x; kA brusyksxksadhnnZukd n' kk t Eew&d' ehj l j dkj
dhfLFkfr vkSj ekufl drkdksnj ' kkrhgSA
nwl j hrj Q i wj sns' kl svk, gt kj ksadk; ZdrkZvksadks
t EewesadSn dj fy; kx; kAl qcg l sj kr rd , d Ldwy esa
gt kj ksadk; ZdrkZut j can Fks] ft l l sos26 t uoj h dks
d' ehj u i gqp i k, A 26 t uoj hdksegsanzi kaMst h] ok.kh
f=i kBht h( t Eew&d' ehj dsi kVhZdsl Hkhi nkfkdkfj ; ksads
l kFkl Eekfur rj hdsl si kVhZdk; kZy; i j ot Qgj k; kA
dBqvk esa] t gk J herh l q"kek Loj kt ] J h v#.k
t sVyh , oaJ h vuardqekj dksNksM+k x; kA J h vuqj kx
Bkdqj vkSj j k?ko y[kui kyt h, oal kfFk; ksadksdBqvkds


/ 63
i qfyl Vsfuax dkWyst esadSn fd; k x; k Fkk] ogk mUgksaus
Hkkj rh; t urk ; qok ekspkZdsl Hkh dk; ZdrkZvksadsl kFk
frj axk Qgj k; kA
y[kui qj dsckWMZj i j gekj sHkkj hegkea=hkesnz
kkut h, oaegkea=ht xrdkkuankt husfrj axkQgj k; kA
; g , d , sfrgkfl d n`' ; Fkk] ft l esagt kj ksadhl a[; kesa
dk; ZdrkZ FksvkSj l HkhdsgkFkesafrj axkFkkAHkkj r ekrk
[kqn ml n`' ; dksns[kvk' khokZn nsusvkbA
' ; kei zl knt h dk cfynku O; FkZughagksxkA bl
fLFkfr dksD; kdgsaxs\ t c i wj knskx.kra=fnol eukj gk
gks] rc nwl j h rj Q gekj sgh nskHkDrksadk; ZdrkZvksadks
fxj rkj fd; k x; kA mudk nks"k D; kFkk&Hkkj r esafrj axk
Qgj kuk!
t Eew&d' ehj dhfLFkfr Hkkj rh; t urk; qokekspkZ
11t wu&
25t wu
t Eew&d' ehj dh' kkafr Hkax
dj usgsrq, d ckyd dh
vdkfyd e`R; qdkseqn~nk
cukdj vyxkookfn; ksaus
d' ehj h; qodksadksmdl k; k
vkSj l suki j geykfd; kA
i RFkj ckt hgeysesa17] 500
l Sfud i RFkj l s?kk; y gq, A
, d Hkh O; fDr l suk dh
xksyhl s?kk; y ughaA
t Eew&d' ehj Hkkj rh;
t urk; qokekspkZv; {k
i ou [ krqfj ; kt h }kj k
i zseukFk pkSd esakj ukA
t Eewds l kFk HksnHkkoA
kkuea=heueksgu fl ag
vkSj mej vCnqYykdkvkbZ-
vkbZ-, e- ; wfuofl ZVhd' ehj
esaLFkkfi r dj ukvkSj t Eew
dksNksM+nsukAi wj k; qok
ekspkZekSt wn eqfu' k' kekZ]


64 /
t Eew&d' ehj dh fLFkfr
eq[ ; ea=hmej vCnqYykds
fu; a=.kl sckgj Akkuea=h
l sfnYyhfeyusvk, vkSj
eueksgu fl ag }kj k c; ku
'Kashmir is a caught
in cycle of violence.'
t Eew&d' ehj esavk, fnu
i Fkj ko] l suk i j geykA
1500 l si j l Sfud ?kk; y]
e`R; qvad 91] vyxkokofn; ksa
ds ns' kfoj kskh c; kuA
kkuea=heueksgu fl ag }kj k
l oZnyh; cSBd cqykbZxbZA
ft l esat Eew&d' ehj dh
fLFkfr i j fu; a=.k] vk' p; Z
gSl j dkj dhfucZyrki j A
2
vxLr&
12
vxLr
11
fl racj &
15
fl racj
uj kske ' kekZvi usl Hkh
l kfFk; ksadsl kFkA
12 vxLr] 2010 dksu, ; qok
ekspkZv; {kvuqj kx Bkdqj
dhv; {krkesaj k"Vh; ; qok
ekspkZdkp; u gqvkA
12&14 fl racj Hkkj rh; t urk
; qokekspkZdhFke j k"Vh;
dk; Zdkfj . kh eqacbZesa
vk; ksft r dhxbZAHkkj r Fke
vfHk; ku dh' kq#vkrA
Hkkj rh; t urk; qokekspkZdk
Lrko i wj sns' kl svk, ; qokvksa
}kj ki kfj r] t ksbl dkj
gSA
Hkkj rh; t urk ; qok ekspkZ
}kj k vi usns' k dseqdqV
t Eew&d' ehj ds
fy, &*j k"Vh; , drk; k=k*A


/ 65
fatnr-rnrtt =r-r-rrr
14 vxLr ] 1947] l e; 10%45 am, l saVy gkWy
i kfyZ; kesaVvi uh{kerkl sT; knkHkj kgqvkFkk] fuf' pr
l e; oansekrj e~xk; kt kj gkFkkAJ herhl qpsrki ykuh
dsLoj esagj O; fDr fny l svkt kn gksdj Hkkj r ekrkdks
oanu dj j gkFkk] fQj l Hkki fr J hj kt sanzi zl knt h, oai a-
t okgj yky ugs: t husvi ukoDrO; fn; kA
i zLrko dksfQj mn~cksku dsfy, vkxsc<+k; kx; k&
''at this solemn movement when people of India, by their
sufferings and sacrifice have secured freedom and become
martyrs of destiny i.., a member of constituent assembly of
India, do dedicate my self to the end that this ancient land attain
its right its rightful and honored place in the world and make
its full willing contribution to the promotion of the world peace
and welfare of mankind.' l Hkhyksxksaus[kM+sgksdj i zfrKk
yh] i gysfganhesa] fQj vaxzst hesai wj hi kfyZ; kesaV , d Loj
esacksy mBh^oansekrj e~*] og ' ka[kofu Fkhvkt kn Hkkj r
dhA


66 /
i zLrko dsckn J herh g"kkZesgrk usMkW- j kt sanz
i zl knt hdksfrj axk fn; k t ksns' k Hkj dhekr`' kfDr dk
i zfrfufkRo dj j gk FkkvkSj fQj l nu esaoansekrj e~
ofu xwt mBhA ; g i wj kvuqHko ns' kdhvkt knhdkFkk]
vkt kn Hkkj r dsvykSfdd {k.kksadkA t gk frj axsdhckr
gksrhgS] ogk gekj sns' k dhvku&cku vkSj ' kku] t ksi wj s
ns' kdks, d l kFkt ksM+rhgSA
bfrgkl dhvksj #[kdj sarks1904 esavkt knhl s
i gysLokeh foosdkuant h dh f' k"; k Hkfxuh fuosfnrk ds
i zfrfufkRo esa>aMsdhi fj dYi ukdj , d ot cuk; kx; k]
ft l esayky vkSj i hykj ax FkkAyky j ax Lokkhurkl axzke
vkSj i hyk j ax fot ; dksnj ' kk j gk Fkk] ml esacaxkyhesa
^oansekrj e~* fy[kkFkk] l kFkghot zdkfp] l Qsn dey]
t gkot zHkxoku~banzdh' kfDr vkSj dey i kourk] fu"dyad
, oafueZyrkdki zrhd FkkA
1906 esaHkfxuhfuosfnrk us, d u, j ax uhy dk
l ekos' kfd; k] ft l esauhyk] i hykvkSj yky j ax FkkAl kFk
ghi hysj ax l snsouxj hfyfi esa^oansekrj e~* fy[kkFkkA
bl hl ky j ax dsvuqi kr dkscny dsl j h] i hysvkSj gj sj ax
dsl kFkdey dsfp okyk>aMkl keusvk; kA
1907 esaeSMe dkek us>aMsdk i zfrfufkRo fd; k]
l kFkesaohj l koj dj vkSj ' ; ket h".koekZFksAgj k] fQj
dsl j hvkSj yky j ax uhpsFkk] ml i j ^oansekrj e~*fy[kkFkkA
21 vxLr ] 1907] var j j k"Vh; l ekt okfn; ksadh
kWUksal esa] LV~VxkMZt eZuh] t gki wj hnqfu; kl syksx vk,


/ 67
Fks] t c fganqLrku dhckj hvkbZ] rc i wj svkRefo' okl ds
l kFk] vi usoDrO; dsl kFkmUgksausfrj axsdksfudkykvkSj
dgk] ^; g vkt kn Hkkj r dk>aMkgSA ns[kks&ns[ kksbl >aMs
dks] ft l dkt Ue gqvkgSvkSj vki l HkhHkkb; ks&cguks* l s
dgwxh] bl dksl Eeku nsavkSj vk' p; Zdhckr gSfd l Hkh
us[ kM+sgksdsml svfHkoknu fd; kA og fuMj efgyk] t ks
i gyhckj >aMs+dksvarj j k"Vh; Lrj i j ysxbZ] og Fkh
^eSMe dkek*A
1916 esafi axyhosadS; k}kj kot esap dkl ekos' k
gqvkA egkRekxkakht hus>aMsesai wj sHkkj r dki zfrfufkRo
gks] bl dkj .kj ax vkSj fp dk[kkl vkxzg j [kkAvkf[kj dkj ]
1947 esaHkkj r dhLora=rkdsl kFkHkkj rh; j k"Vh; ot
dhdesVhcuh] ft l dhv; {krk J hj kt sanzi zl knt hdj
j gsFksAdesVh}kj kot dsfu; e l keusj [ksx, ] ft udk
i kyu dj uk gj ukxfj d dsfy, vfuok; ZgSA desVhdk
uke gS&'Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)'A bl hdesVhesa
ot dkj ax] cloth, thread] gj ckr i j ; ku j [kusdh
fgnk; rsanhxbAft l s'CODE OF CONDUCT' dgkt krk
gSAfrj axk'Tri Colour' dksl oZi Yyhj kkk".ku] t ksHkkj r
dsi zFke mi j k"Vi fr j gs] frj axsdsj axksadhO; k[; kdh&
Hkxokj ax (Colour denotes renunciation) R; kx vkSj
cfynku] , drk vkSj v[kaMrk dksnj ' kkRkk gSA l Qsn j ax]
t kZvkSj l R; dsl kFkj gukrFkkgj kj ax gekj s; gkdh
gfj ; kyh] feV~VhvkSj t hou dki zfrfufkRo dj rkgSAchp
esav' kksd p t ksfuj arj xfr ' khy j grsdki zrhd gS] ds


68 /
fu; e t ksot esa; ku j [kst k, ] osbl i zdkj l sgSa&
t c ot Qgj kukgksrc&
dsl fj ; kj ax ges' kki j dhvksj gksA
frj axs>aMsdsi j dksbZ>aMk ; k oLrqughaj [kh
gksuhpkfg, A
vU; j k"Vksads>aMsyxkusgksarksl Hkhdksfrj axsds
nkbrj Q j [kukgksxkA
vxj fdl h^ekpZ*; ki zn' kZu esafrj axkgksrksges' kk
l hkhfn' kkesagks(Right Side)A
l Hkhl j dkj hbekj rksai j frj axsdkgksukvko' ; d
gS] j k"Vi fr Hkou] l al n~Hkou] l oksZPp&U; k; ky; ]
mPp U; k; ky; ] bR; kfnA
j k"Vot dk mi ; ksx fdl hHkhO; ki kfj d dk; Zesa
ughafd; kt kl drkA
l a; kdky bl sl l Eeku mrkj ysukvko' ; d gSA
Hkkj rh; ukxfj d Lora=rkfnol vkSj x.kra=fnol
i j j k"Vot Qgj kl drsgSaA
HOSTING / DISPLAY OF NATIONAL FLAG BY
MEMBERS OF PUBLIC, PRIVATE ORGANISATION
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS-
>aMsi j fdl hdkHkhuke vafdr ughagksukpkfg, A
>aMsdks>qdkgqvkughaj [kkt kl drkvkSj l j dkj h
bekj rksai j bl dht xg l qfufpr gksuhpkfg, A
dksbZHkh>aMsdkmi ; ksx e`r O; fDr dksl Eekfur
dj usesaughadj l drkA


/ 69
>aMsdk; ksx ; wfuQkWeZesa; k#eky ds: i esaugha
fd; kt kl drkA
>aMsdkbLrseky fdl hHkhoLrqdksckkusdsfy,
ughafd; kt kl drkA
>aMsi j dqN Hkhfy[kkughagksukpkfg, A
j k"Vot dk ; ksx fdl h ewfrZ&vukoj .k dsfy,
mfpr LFkku i j dj l drsgSa] i j ewfrZdksugha<d
l dr sA
j k"Vot t ehu i j fxj kughagksukpkfg, A
j k"Vot dk ; ksx fdl hHkhokgu vkSj uko i j
ughafd; kt kl drkA
t gkHkhj k"Vot dk; ksx gks] ogkml dki w.kZr%
l Eeku gksukpkfg, ] bR; kfnA
>aMsdkeki i fj eki (Dimension in mm)
1 6300 x 4200 mm
2 3600 x 2400 mm
3 1800 x 1200 mm
4 1350 x 900 mm
5 900 x 600 mm
6 450 x 300 mm
7 225 x 300 mm
8 150 x 100 mm
>aMsdkvkdkj l edks.kh; gksrFkk3 %2 yackbZdsvuqi kr
esagksA
, ; j kV esa450 x 300 mm (VVIP)


70 /
eksVj dkj i j 2250 x 150 mm
Vscy i j 150 x 100 mm
vkksd p dschp esakeZp l p dsl kFkHkkj r ds
^pj Sosfr&pj Sosfr*dkscrkrkgSAFlag Code dksrhu Hkkxksaesa
foHkkft r fd; kx; kgS&
Hkkx&1 l kekU; fu; eA
Hkkx&2 yksdfrfufk}kj kl aLFkkvksadsfy, fu; eA
Hkkx&3 dsanzvkSj j kT; l j dkj dsfy, fu; eA
[kkl mi yfCk; ksaesa29 t uoj h] 1953 esai gyhckj
rsu fl ag ' ksj i k usekmaV , oj sLV dh pksVh i j frj axk
Qgj k; kAdekaMj j kds' k' kekZusi gyhckj 1984 esavarfj {k
esa^frj axs* dksQgj k; kA 2010 esapanz; ku }kj k panzi j
frj axk] varfj {kesafrj axk] vkl eku esagj t gkt i j frj axk]
vfXu fel kby i j frj axk] l qj {kkcyksadsVSad vkSj rksi ksai j
frj axk] l eqnzdh xgj kbZuki usokyh i uMqCch i j frj axk]
ukSdkny dhukSdkvksai j frj axk] m| ksxksaesafrj axk] dkj fxy
; q) esafrj axk] -40
o
c dsfl ; kfpu l s50
o
c j kt LFkku ds
i kj Hkwfe i j ] dPN dhj .kesa] vaMeku fudksckj }hi ksaesa]
[ksy dseSnkuksaesa] oYMZdi vkSj vksyafi dl esafrj axk]
gkWdh] Vsful ] ' krj at ] ns' k&fons' kksadsmRl o esafrj axk]
t h&8 l a?k] l a; qDr j k"Vl a?k] l kdZ(SAARC)] ; gkrd fd
Hkkj r dsgj ckyd dsgkFkesafrj axk] ml dsxkyksai j VSVw
: i hfrj axk] gj Hkkj rh; dsgkFkesafrj axkA
1948 dsi kfdLrku l s; q) esafrj axk] 1962 dsphu
dsvke.kdsf[kykQ frj axk] 1965&71 Hkkj r] i kd] caxykns' k


/ 71
l axzke esafrj axkA1999 dsdkj fxy ; q) esafrj axk] i wj sns' k
dht urkvkSj mudsfy, yM+rsohj l Sfud] t ksns' kds
fofHkUu HkkxksaesavkbZ-, l -vkbZ- y' dj &, &rS; ck] t S' keksgEen]
ekvksokn] uDl yokn] mYQk] vkradokn] vyxkookn o Hkkj r
foj kskhnq' eukasdsf[kykQ yM+rsohj ksadk frj axk] yk[kksa
' kghnksadk frj axkA
bruhesgur] cfynku vkSj vk' kkvksal sgekj si woZt ksa
usgesa; g frj axk fn; k gSA ; gh frj axk vkradokn vkSj
vyxkokfn; ksa}kj kt yk; ko dqpykt krkA ; g fdl hHkh
j k"VHkDr dsfy, vl ; gSAfrj axsdkvi eku dj usokys
vkardh roksadksdBksj re naM feyuk pkfg, A t ksHkh
O; fDr gekj sfrj axsdhvoekuukdj sxk] ml sj k"Vnzksg dh
l t kgksuhpkfg, A
frj axk Hkkj r dk eqdqV fp gSA Hkkj r dh, drk]
v[kaMrkvkSj l koZHkkSfedrkdkrhd gSAnqfu; kesal a; qDr
j k"Vl a?kl sysdj l kdZrd frj axkghHkkj r dhi gpku
gSAfrj axkvewrZnskse dkewrZxVhdj .kgSAHkkj r ek
dkfryd&fl anwj gekj k frj axk gSA
26 t uoj h2011 l svkxsa
l q"kekt h] vuar dqekj t h] vuqj kx Bkdqj 26 t uoj h
dh nksi gj rd t Eewi gqp x, A i kVhZdsnsk t Eew
dk; kZy; i j i =dkj okkkZgqbZA fi Nysi anzg fnuksaesat ks
j kt uSfrd xfrfofk; k nskdsl keusvkbvkSj t Sl srhuksa
usrkvksadksgt kj ksadk; ZdrkZvksadksut j can j [kdj yky


72 /
pkSd i j frj axkQgj kusdksj ksdkx; k] nskdsl keusj [kkA
gokbZvM~Msi j Lokxr gqvk] ?kk; yksadksFortis ysxbZ]
fnYyhoki l vk, 11] vkksdkj ksMdsdsanzh; dk; kZy;
esai =dkj &okkkZgqbZA
t ksi j ke fn[kkdj frj axsdsl kFkyky pkSd i gqps
Fks] muesal sdbZogkdhi qfyl rkM+ukdsfkdkj gq, FksA
l oZ=, d ghu mB j gkFkk&D; k63 l ky dhLora=rk
dsckn Hkhx.kra=fnol i j Hkkj r dsvfHkUu vax dehj
dhj kt kkuhJ huxj fLFkr yky pkSd i j frj axkQgj kusds
fy, ; g l kgl dj uk pkfg, \ ; k=k dksD; ksaj ksdk x; k\
usrkvksadksD; ksarM+hi kj fd; kx; k\ t EewesaD; ksafxj rkj
fd; kx; k\ j sy dksD; ksavi r fd; k\
t ksohj ukSt oku frj axkysdj yky pkSd i gqp x,
Fks] mudksD; ksaj ksdkx; k\ mUgsaD; ksaekj kx; k\ D; ksai hVk
x; k\ ysfdu mUgksausl kgl fd; kAvi uhnsg vkSj gkFkdks
ghMaMkekudj J huxj dsyky pkSd i j frj axkQgj kuk
Hkh, d pqukSfr gS\
D; k Hkkj r dsl afokku dsrgr Hkkj r dh t urk
}kj kpquhgqbZl j dkj dhuSfrd ft Eesnkj hughagSfrj axsds
eku&l Eeku dh j {kk dj uh pkfg, A D; k fdl h nsk ds
eq[; ea=hfdl hvke ukxfj d dksfrj axkQgj kusdsvfkdkj
dksNhuusdknqLl kgl dj sxkrksHkkj r l j dkj vl gk; gks
ewdnkZd cuhj gsxh\ D; k i kfdLrku sfj r vkradokfn; ksa
l sfeyhHkxr j [kusokyh vyxkooknh usrk ; kfl u efyd
fxykuh] frj axkQgj kusokyksadks[kqysvke kedhnsaxsvkSj


/ 73
, sl sHkkj r dh, drkdkspqukSrhnsaxs] rc D; kHkkj r l j dkj
[kkekskj gsxh\ t c i wj hl al n~usvke l gefr l sPOK
dksokfi l ysusdhvkSj Hkkj r esa' kkfey dj usdkl adYi
zLrko 1994 esai kfj r fd; kgS] rc dehj esadSl sfrj axk
gekj sfy, i j k; kgksl drkgS\
gekj kl a?k"kZvkwj kgSAgekj kl i ukvkwj kgSAgeus
vHkheaft y gkfl y ghughadhgSAMkW- ' ; kekl kn eq[kt hZ]
l j nkj oYyHkHkkbZi Vsy] vVyt h] vkMok.kht h] t kskht h]
eksnht hust ksy{; fn; kgS] ml y{; dksi kukgSAfgeky;
dhmu pksfV; ksai j i gqpdj gekj sfganqLrku dhl j gn dh
l qj {kkdj rs&dj rsft rusohj t okuksaus' kgknr nhgSa] mu
yksxksadkl i uki wj kdj ukgSA vkt Hkkj r dhl j gn i j ]
dPN dhe#Hkwfe l sfgeky; dhpksfV; ksard] fl ; kfpu ds
Xysfk; j l sl eqnzdsfdukj srd yk[kksat okuksadk fny
ngykusokysu dkt okc Hkkj r dh120 dj ksM+t urkdks
t okc nsusdkoDr vkx; kgSAHkkj r dhj {kkesa] l j gn dh
j [kokyhesa] dehj dkscpkusesa] POK dksgkfl y dj usesa
ge vki dsl kFkgSaA
eSavfHkHkwr gw] vi usvki dksl kSHkkX; kkyh ekurh
gwAbl u, vuqHko l sj ksekafpr gwA; k=kds}kj kbl yacs
l a?k"kZdh , d NksVh l h i afDr gh D; ksaugha] i j bl dk
fgLl kcuusdkkU; Hkko egl wl dj j ghgwA
; g i wj kvkanksyu Hkkj r ekdsfgefdj hV dehj dh
j {kkdsfy, ; qokvksadk, d ; kl gSAi kd vfkr dehj
vkradokfn; ksadkvM~Mkcu pqdkgSAl ai w.kZdehj ] v[kaM


74 /
Hkkj r*&; ghgekj kvafre y{; gS] t c rd ge y{; gkfl y
ughadj l drsrc rd l a?k"kZt kj hj gsxkA 21ohal nhds
bl hnkd esage bl y{; dksi wj kdj saxsA; gk' kku vkSj
l Eeku l sfrj axkQgj k, xsAbl l a?k"kZdsi Fki j eu&i zk.k
l s
*rsj koSHko vej j gsek
ge fnu pkj j gsa; ku j gsaA*
t ; fgan!
%%&&&&%%


/ 75
c c


76 /


/ 77
History of Indian Tricolor
"A flag is a necessity for all nations. Millions have
died for it. It is no doubt a kind of idolatry which would be a
sin to destroy. For, a flag represents an Ideal The unfurling
of the Union Jack evokes in the English breast sentiments
whose strength it is difficult to measure. The Stars and Stripes
mean a world to the Americans. The Star and the Crescent
will call forth the best bravery in Islam."
"It will be necessary for us Indians Muslims, Christians
Jews, Parsis, and all others to whom India is their home-to
recognize a common flag to live and to die for."
Mahatma Gandhi
Every free nation of the world has its own flag. It is a
symbol of a free country. The National Flag of India was
designed by Pingali Venkayyaand and adopted in its present
form during the meeting of Constituent Assembly held on the
22 July 1947, a few days before India's independence from
the British on 15 August, 1947. It served as the national flag
c-v


78 /
of the Dominion of India between 15 August 1947 and 26
January 1950 and that of the Republic of India thereafter. In
India, the term "tricolour" refers to the Indian national flag.
The National flag of India is a horizontal tricolor of
deep saffron (kesari) at the top, white in the middle and dark
green at the bottom in equal proportion. The ratio of width of
the flag to its length is two to three. In the centre of the white
band is a navy blue wheel which represents the chakra. Its
design is that of the wheel which appears on the abacus of
the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka. Its diameter approximates
to the width of the white band and it has 24 spokes.
Evolution of the Tricolour
It is really amazing to see the various changes that our
National Flag went through since its first inception. It was
discovered or recognised during our national struggle for
freedom. The evolution of the Indian National Flag sailed
through many vicissitudes to arrive at what it is today. In one
way it reflects the political developments in the nation. Some
of the historical milestones in the evolution of our National
Flag involve the following:


/ 79
Unofficial flag of India in 1906
The Berlin committee flag, first raised by
Bhikaiji Cama in 1907


80 /
The flag used during the Home Rule movement
in 1917
The flag unofficially
adopted in 1921


/ 81
The flag adopted in 1931.
This flag was also the
battle ensign of the
Indian National Army
The present Tricolour
flag of India


82 /
The first national flag in India is said to have been
hoisted on August 7, 1906, in the Parsee Bagan Square (Green
Park) in Calcutta now Kolkata. The flag was composed of
three horizontal strips of red, yellow and green.
The second flag was hoisted in Paris by Madame
Cama and her band of exiled revolutionaries in 1907
(according to some inl9OS). This was very similar to the first
flag except that the top strip had only one lotus but seven stars
denoting the Saptarishi. This flag was also exhibited at a
socialist conference in Berlin.
The third flag went up in 1917 when our political
struggle had taken a definite turn. Dr. Annie Besant and
Lokmanya Tilak hoisted it during the Home rule movement.
This flag had five red and four green horizontal strips arranged
alternately, with seven stars in the saptarishi configuration
super-imposed on them. In the left-hand top corner (the pole
end) was the Union Jack. There was also a white crescent
and star in one corner.
During the session of the All India Congress
Committee which met at Bezwada in 1921 (now Vijayawada)
an Andhra youth prepared a flag and took it to Gandhiji. It
was made up of two colours-red and green-representing the
two major communities i.e. Hindus and Muslims. Gandhiji
suggested the addition of a white strip to represent the
remaining communities of India and the spinning wheel to


/ 83
symbolise progress of the Nation.
The year 1931 was a landmark in the history of the
flag. A resolution was passed adopting a tricolor flag as our
national flag. This flag, the forbear of the present one, was
saffron, white and green with Mahatma Gandhi's spinning
wheel at the center. It was, however, clearly stated that it bore
no communal significance and was to be interpreted thus.
On July 22, 1947, the Constituent Assembly adopted
it as Free India National Flag. After the advent of Independence,
the colours and their significance remained the same. Only the
Dharma Charkha of Emperor Asoka was adopted in place of
the spinning wheel as the emblem on the flag. Thus, the tricolour
flag of the Congress Party eventually became the tricolour flag
of Independent India.
Colours of the Flag:
In the national flag of India the top band is of Saffron
colour, indicating the strength and courage of the country. The
white middle band indicates peace and truth with Dharma
Chakra. The last band is green in colour shows the fertility,
growth and auspiciousness of the land.
The Chakra:
This Dharma Chakra depicted the "wheel of the law"
in the Sarnath Lion Capital made by the 3rd-century BC
Mauryan Emperor Ashoka. The chakra intends to show that


84 /
there is life in movement and death in stagnation.
Flag Code
On 26th January 2002, the Indian flag code was
modified and after several years of independence, the citizens
of India were finally allowed to hoist the Indian flag over their
homes, offices and factories on any day and not just National
days as was the case earlier. Now Indians can proudly display
the national flag any where and any time, as long as the
provisions of the Flag Code are strictly followed to avoid any
disrespect to the tricolour. For the sake of convenience, Flag
Code of India, 2002, has been divided into three parts. Part I
of the Code contains general description of the National Flag.
Part II of the Code is devoted to the display of the National
Flag by members of public, private organizations, educational
institutions, etc. Part III of the Code relates to display of the
National Flag by Central and State governments and their
organisations and agencies.


/ 85
Flag Code of India, 2002
The Indian National Flag represents the hopes and
aspirations of the people of India. It is the symbol of our national
pride. Over the last five decades, several people including
members of armed forces have ungrudgingly laid down their
lives to keep the tricolour flying in its full glory.
There is universal affection and respect for, and
loyalty to the National Flag. Yet, a perceptible lack of awareness
is often noticed, not only amongst people but also in the
organisations/ agencies of the Government, in regard to laws,
practices and conventions that apply to the display of the
National Flag.
Hoisting and use (including misuse and insult) of the
National Flag is regulated by the Emblems and Names
(Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950; the Prevention of
Insults to National Honour Act, 1971; and Flag Code - India.
'Flag Code-India' is neither a statute nor a statutory
rule or regulation. It is, in reality, a mere consolidation of
c-w


86 /
executive instructions issued by the Government of India from
time to time and contains detailed instruction in regard to the
shape, size and colour of the National Flag, the correct display,
instances of misuse and display on National Days or special
occasions.
And now, Flag Code of India, 2002 is an attempt to
bring together all such laws, conventions, practices and
instructions for the guidance and benefit of all concerned.
For the sake of convenience, Flag Code of India,
2002 has been divided into three parts. Part I of the code contains
general description of the National Flag. Part II of the Code is
devoted to the display of the National Flag by members of
public, private organizations and educational institutions. Part
III of the Code relates to display of the National Flag by Central
and State governments and their organisations and agencies.
Flag Code of India, 2002 has taken effect from
January 26, 2002 by superseding the 'Flag Code - India' as it
existed.
Historical Significance
The Constituent Assembly realised the importance
of the Flag proposed to be adopted for Independent India. The
Constituent Assembly, therefore, set up an Ad Hoc Flag
Committee, headed by Dr. Rajendra Prasad, to design the flag
for free India. Other members of the Committee were Abul


/ 87
Kalam Azad, K.M. Panikar, Sarojini Naidu,
C.Rajagopalachari, K.M. Munshi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
The Flag Committee was constituted on June 23,
1947. It held several meetings and studied the question in depth.
After detailed deliberations it arrived at the decisions on July
14, 1947.
It was decided that the Flag of the Indian National
Congress should be adopted as the National Flag of India with
suitable modifications, to make it acceptable to all parties and
communities. It should be tri-coloured, made of three
rectangular panels or sub-panels of equal widths.
The colour of the top panel should be India saffron
(Kesari) and that of the bottom panel should be India green.
The middle panel should be white, bearing at its centre the
design of Ashoka Chakra in navy blue colour with 24 equally
spaced spokes. The Ashoka Chakra should preferably be screen
printed or otherwise printed or stenciled or suitably embroidered
and should be completely visible on both sides of the Flag in
the centre of the white panel.
The National Flag of India should be made of hand-
spun and hand-woven wool/cotton/silk khadi bunting.The
National Flag should be rectangular in shape. The ratio of the
length to the height (width) of the Flag shall be 3:2.
Dr. S. Radhakrishnan thought it prudent to clarify
that the colours adopted in the flag had no communal


88 /
significance. He said "Bhagwa or the saffron colour denotes
renunciation or disinterestedness. Our leaders must be
indifferent to material gains and dedicate themselves to their
work.
The white in the centre is light, the path of truth to
guide our conduct. The green shows our relation to the soil,
our relation to the plant life here on which all other life depends.
The Ashoka wheel in the centre of the white is the
wheel of the law of dharma. Truth or Satya, dharma or virtue
ought to be the controlling principles of all those who work
under this flag.
Again, the wheel denotes motion. There is death in
stagnation. There is life in movement. India should no more
resist change, it must move and go forward. The wheel
represents the dynamism of a peaceful change and hence, this
deviation does not revolt against the original idea of having a
spinning-wheel in the National Flag".
The resolution moved by Jawaharlal Nehru was carried
unanimously. After the adoption of the National Flag, the
Secretariat of the Constituent Assembly published an authorised
design of the Flag. After India became Republic, the Indian
Standards Institution (now Bureau of Indian Standards) brought
out specifications of the National Flag for the first time in 1951
which were revised in 1964 with a view to completely changing
over the dimensions of the flag to the metric system.


/ 89
The specifications were further revised on 17th August,
1968. These specifications cover all the essential requirements
of the National Flag for its manufacture including sizes, colour,
trichromatic values and brightness.
The hand-woven khadi for the National Flag was
initially manufactured at Garag, a small village in Dharwad
district in north Karnataka. A Centre was established at Garag
in 1954 by a few freedom fighters under the banner of Dharwad
Taluk Kshetriya Seva Sangh and obtained the Centre's licence
to make flags.
Regular production of National Flags, however, started
only from 1972 onwards. In accordance with the specifications,
a piece measuring one square foot of flag, khadi should weigh
205 grams only.
Flag Code - India, 2002
A person was prevented by the officials of Madhya
Pradesh government from flying the National Flag at his factory
premises as Flag Code - India did not permit it on private
buildings by individuals except on special occasions.
The person moved the Delhi High Court challenging
the legality of restrictions contained in the Flag Code - India
relating to flying of the National Flag by private citizens and
seeking a writ restraining the Union of India and the Madhya
Pradesh government from interfering with his right to fly the


90 /
National Flag on his premises in a respectful manner.
In Its judgement, the Delhi High Court held that the
right to fly the National Flag is a fundamental right within the
meaning of Article 19(1) (a) of the Constitution and reasonable
restrictions can be imposed by law. The High Court also held
that the restrictions imposed by the Flag Code - India had not
been authorised by any law within the meaning of clause (2)
of Article 19 of the Constitution and could not, therefore, stand
in view of the earlier decisions of the Supreme Court holding
that no curbs could be imposed on the rights of the citizens
through executive instructions.
The Delhi High Court held that "it could not be disputed
that right to fly the National Flag at the premises of a person,
whether at his residence factory or office, is a part of his
fundamental right of freedom of expression and that right can
be restricted only by Parliament in the circumstances mentioned
in Clause (2) of Article 19 of the Constitution.
The restrictions imposed by the Flag Code on flying
the National Flag have not been authorized by any law framed
under Clause (2) of Article 19 of the Constitution." The
operative part of the High Court's judgement reads as "This
petition is allowed.
A mandamus is issued to the respondents restraining
them from interfering with the right of the petitioner to fly the
National Flag on his premises and we hold that any restriction


/ 91
contained in the Flag Code - India relating to the flying of
National Flag by the citizens cannot be enforced except when
contravention of those restrictions come within the purview of
any law in force".
On an SLP filed by the Union of India in the
Supreme Court, the judgment of the Delhi High Court was
stayed. The SLP filed by the Union of India came up for hearing
on 1.8.2000. The Court was prima facie of the view that there
should not be any restriction on the citizens on expressing their
patriotism by displaying the National Flag.
Considering the reverence that the National Flag is
entitled to, the policy of the Government had been to restrict
the use of the National Flag by the citizens at large. In several
countries, some restrictions on the free use of the National Flag
by the citizens have been imposed.
For instance, in the US Flag Code, free use by citizens
is not specifically defined. The US Flag Code advocates flying
of the flag with dignity and prohibits mutilation or defilement
in public and its use as costumes, athletic uniforms, cushions
and handkerchiefs.
While stating that the Flag should be displayed on all
days, it specifies certain days on which it should be flown
specially.
In United Kingdom, flying of the Flag is restricted to
certain dates and on specified buildings. On the other hand,


92 /
Canada allows unrestricted display of the National Flag subject
to the stipulation that, at all times, the Flag should be treated
with dignity and respect and flown and displayed properly.
In Australia, individuals are allowed to fly the National
flag on specified days only. Japan has not defined the free use
of National Flag by individual citizens. Among India's
neighbours, Pakistan allows free display of National Flag on
specified days only as may be notified by the Government.
Similarly, Sri Lanka also permits display of National Flag on
days of its national importance only.
It will, therefore, be seen that most of the countries
have not permitted unrestricted use of the National Flag by
private individuals. However, flying of the National flag by
private citizens is permitted on certain specified days.
The views of the State governments were also solicited.
Most of the State governments were not in favour of unrestricted
display of the National Flag. The government has, however,
decided to allow unrestricted display of the National Flag by
members of the general public, keeping in view the public
sentiments. While bringing out the Flag Code of India, 2002
the Government has also ensured that the unrestricted display
of the National Flag is consistent with the honour and dignity
of the National Flag.


/ 93
Sushma ji on Twitter
1. Government will have to answer - Is hoisting the national
flag an offence in our country ? 10:01 PM Jan 26th via
web
2. While hoisting the National flag, they were arrested and
brutally beaten up in custody. 9:55 PM Jan 26th via web
3. We are back in Delhi. Some 25 karyakartas of our Party
and Yuva Morcha were able to reach Srinagar. 9:53 PM
Jan 26th via web
4. Vande Maatram my brothers and sisters. 9:48 PM Jan
26th via web
5. Leaving for Jammu. 1:14 PM Jan 26th via web
6. We will return to Delhi from Jammu this evening. 1:04
PM Jan 26th via web
7. Hope you are all flying the tricolour on your house. 1:03
PM Jan 26th via web
8. Republic day greetings to all. 1:02 PM Jan 26th via web
9. Aap sab ko gantantra diwas ki badhai. 1:01 PM Jan 26th
c-x


94 /
via web
10. Is it not unfortunate that both Leaders of Opposition were
in jail on the Republic day ? 12:57 PM Jan 26th via web
11. We will hold a Press conference in Jammu. 12:54 PM
Jan 26th via web
12. We will then proceed to Jammu. 12:54 PM Jan 26th via
web
13. We are going to Mukherjee Chowk in Kathua to unfurl
the national flag. 12:53 PM Jan 26th via web
14. We have been released. 12:52 PM Jan 26th via web
15. Vande Maatram 5:07 PM Jan 25th via web
16. We have been stopped. 5:02 PM Jan 25th via web
more
1. The road is blocked. Tuesday, January 25, 2011 5:00:09
PM via web
2. Crossed the bridge. Tuesday, January 25, 2011 4:59:26
PM via web
3. About to reach the other side. Tuesday, January 25, 2011
4:54:08 PM via web
4. Its a no signal area. Tuesday, January 25, 2011 4:51:08
PM via web
5. Huge police presence on the other side of the bridge.
Tuesday, January 25, 2011 4:47:59 PM via web
6. We are moving in groups of 500 people each. We are
holding tricolor. Bharat mata ki Jai - Vande maatram.


/ 95
We are Arun, Anantha,Shanta& Anurag Tuesday,
January 25, 2011 4:45:58 PM via web
7. It is a long bridge. We are just 200 metres from J&K side
of the bridge. Tuesday, January 25, 2011 4:43:52 PM
via web
8. Arun, Shanta Kumar Anurag Thakur are with me.
Tuesday, January 25, 2011 4:42:50 PM via web
9. We are marching in a group of 500 people holding
tricolour. Tuesday, January 25, 2011 4:41:38 PM via
web
10. We have reached half way thru the bridge. Tuesday,
January 25, 2011 4:38:48 PM via web
11. We have started march towards J&K. Tuesday, January
25, 2011 4:38:16 PM via web
12. Live Webcast of rally at http://live.bjp.org 11 AM
onwards. Dr S P Mukherjee was arrested on the bank of
river Raavi here in 1953. Pl RT Tuesday, January 25,
2011 12:00:00 PM via web
13. Madhopur rally will be webcast live. The link will be
given shortly. Tuesday, January 25, 2011 11:43:16 AM
via web
14. My brothers and sisters - Please do fly national flag on
your house tomorrow. Vande Maatram - Vande
Maatram. Tuesday, January 25, 2011 10:11:17 AM via
web


96 /
15. Now we are addressing youth rallies together as Leaders
of Opposition in Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. I owe
everything to RSS/ABVP sanskars. Tuesday, January
25, 2011 9:47:36 AM via web
16. I knew Arun Jaitley when he contested for Delhi Univ
Students Union and I addressed meetings in his support
- 36 years back. Tuesday, January 25, 2011 9:45:14 AM
via web
17. I passed my law and started my practice before Supreme
Court of India in 1973. Tuesday, January 25, 2011
9:32:24 AM via web
18. Not heard of Subhash Mahajan for a long time. Kalidass
Batish is a prominent lawyer in Simla. He was a great
mimic. Tuesday, January 25, 2011 9:30:47 AM via web
19. I vividly remember Subhash Mahajan, then a Law student
from Jammu and Kalidass Batish from Simla filled up
my ABVP form. Tuesday, January 25, 2011 9:29:21 AM
via web
20. I am reminded of my ABVP days. I joined ABVP 40
years back as a law student. Tuesday, January 25, 2011
9:27:38 AM via web
21. Yuva Morcha is holding a rally at 11 am. Anurag Thakur
is here. We will be addressing the Yuva Morcha rally.
9:25 AM Jan 25th via web
22. Yesterday, when we were arrested in Jammu we did not


/ 97
know where we were going. We were in separate cars.
8:42 AM Jan 25th via web
23. We are at Madhopur. It is a small town on Punjab - J&K
border. 8:36 AM Jan 25th via web
24. Vande Maatram. It is Rajmata Sahiba's punyatithi.
Pranam Rajmata. 8:35 AM Jan 25th via web
25. Vande Maatram. 11:25 PM Jan 24th via web
26. We did not come for a Satyagraha. We have come for
Tiranga Yatra. Wont give up. Come what may. 11:24
PM Jan 24th via web
27. We will enter J&K again. 11:22 PM Jan 24th via web
28. This place is called Madhopur. 11:21 PM Jan 24th via
web
29. Just dumped on j&J - Panjab border. 11:21 PM Jan 24th
via web
30. Arrested - cars - separate - dont know where to ? 8:53
PM Jan 24th via web
31. 'You are under arrest' they say. 8:51 PM Jan 24th via
web
32. They have got our baggage. Its loaded in three cars. What
next ? Dont know. 8:27 PM Jan 24th via web
33. You don't arrest us - you don't allow us to leave the
Airport. This is not the law that I read. 7:37 PM Jan 24th
via web
34. Arun and I are both lawyers. I practised before Supreme


98 /
Court right from 1973 onwards 7:36 PM Jan 24th via
web
35. DGP and other senior officials have arrived. 5:41 PM
Jan 24th via web
36. Arun Jaitley and Anant Kr with me. 5:06 PM Jan 24th
via web
37. We have been taken to the Terminal. Those
accompanying us held at the tarmac. DM came. 5:05
PM Jan 24th via web
38. Just see - we are being deported because we want to fly
the national flag. 4:51 PM Jan 24th via web
39. Arun Jaitley & Anant trying to reason with the. You cant
do this under Section 144 ? 4:48 PM Jan 24th via web
40. The plane is not allowed to leave. 4:28 PM Jan 24th via
web
more
1. Terminal gates are locked. We are not allowed there. 4:27
PM Jan 24th via web
2. @rams_j Pictures are not allowed. 4:24 PM Jan 24th via
web in reply to rams_j
3. Bharat Mata ki jai. Vande Maatram - Vande Maatram.
Bs hamein jaane do. 4:12 PM Jan 24th via web
4. Lo suno - Hum jhanda fahrayeinge. Aur Bharat ka jhanda
fahrayeinge. Bs hamein physically pahunchne do. 4:10
PM Jan 24th via web


/ 99
5. Kahte hain 'dekhte hain kaun jhanda fahrata hai aur kiska
jhanda fahrata hai'. Arre hamari mayon ne kaayar jane
hain kya ? 4:08 PM Jan 24th via web
6. I am reminded of what poet Faiz wrote 'Nisar main teri
galiyon pe ae watan ki jahan chali hai rasam ki koi na sar
utha ke chale'. 4:01 PM Jan 24th via web
7. What is our offence ? We only want to hoist our national
flag. 3:57 PM Jan 24th via web
8. What is this ? They are not allowing the plane to leave
without us. 3:52 PM Jan 24th via web
9. We are determined to go and hoist the national flag at the
Lal Chowk. The Government should allow us to go there
at our risk. 3:50 PM Jan 24th via web
10. We are at the tarmac. 3:47 PM Jan 24th via web
11. They have the power to arrest us. How can they deport
us. 3:46 PM Jan 24th via web
12. They are not allowing the plane to fly back. They are
asking us to go back in the Plane. We have refused. 3:45
PM Jan 24th via web
13. Initially they were not allowing us to deplane. Now we
have come out. We are sitting at the tarmac. 3:45 PM Jan
24th via web
14. They have served us an Order under S.144 CrPC. They
want us to fly back. 3:42 PM Jan 24th via web
15. We have landed in Jammu. It appears they have locked
c-z


100 /
the Terminal gates. Not being allowed to go out. 3:38
PM Jan 24th via web
16. @naradji Yes Naradji. This is my Autobiography -
unedited and unpublished. 1:06 PM Jan 24th via web in
reply to naradji
17. I am leaving for Jammu to join the Tiranga yatra to
Srinagar. 12:42 PM Jan 24th via web


/ 101
A Historic Speech August
7th, 1952
(Text of the speech made by Dr. Syama Prasad
Mookerjee, M.P. and President of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh in
Lok Sabha on 7th August 1952 during a debate on ''The Kash-
mir Issue.")
I agree with the Prime Minister that the matter of Kash-
mir is a highly complicated one and each one of us, whatever
may be his point of view, must approach this problem from a
constructive stand-point. I cannot share the view that we are
creating a new heaven and a new earth by aceepting the scheme
which has been placed before the House on the motion of the
Prime Minister. The question can be divided into two parts.
One relates to the international complications arising out of
Kashmir and the other relates to the arrangements that have to
be made between Kashmir and ourselves regarding the future
Constitution of Kashmir.
It has, been said that I was a party when the decision


102 /
was taken to refer the Kashmir issue to the U. N. O. That is an
obvious fact. I have no right and I do not wish to disclose the
extraordinary circumstances under which that decision was
taken and the great expectations which the Government of In-
dia had on that occasion, but it is a matter of common knowl-
edge that we have not got fair treatment from the United Na-
tions which we had expected. We did not go to the U. N. O.
with regard to the question of accession, because accession
then was an established fact. We went there for the purpose of
getting a quick decision from the U. N. O. regarding the raids
which were then taking place by persons behind whom there
was Pakistan Government. The raiders merely acted on behalf
of somebody else..Some-how, we should witlndraw ourselves,
so far as consideration of the Kashmir case is concerned, from
the U. N. O.We can tell them respectfully that we have had
enough of the U. N. O. and let us now consider and try to
settle tine matter through our own eftorts. I am not suggesting
that India should withdraw from the U. N. O. The only matter
regarding which the dispute still continues is about the one-
third territory of Kashmir which is in the occupation of the
enemy. The Prime Minister said today that portion is there. It
is a matter for national humiliation. We say that Kashmir is a
part of india. It is so. so, a part of India is today in the occupa-
tion of the enemy and we are peace-lovers, no doubt. But
peace- lovers to what extent ? - that we will even allows por-


/ 103
tion of our territory to be occupied by the enemy ? Of course
the prime Minister said : thus far and no further. If the raiders
enter into any part of Kashmir, he held out a threat of war not
in relation to Pakistan and Kashmir, but war on a bigger scale
between India and Pakistan.
Is there any possibility of our getting back this terri-
tory? We shall not get it through the efforts of the United Na-
tions : we shall not get it through peaceful methods, by nego-
tiations with Pakistan. That means we lose it, unless we use
force and the Prime Minister is unwilling to do so. Let us face
facts-are we prepared to lose it ?
It has been said that there is some provision in the Con-
stitution, that we are bound by the pledges which have been
given. Pledges ? Undoubtedly, so many pledges we have given
We gave a pledge to Hyderabad. Did we not say that there
would be a Constituent Assembly for Hyderabad. It was fol-
lowed by another pledge that the future of Hyderabad would
be decided by the Legislative Assembly of Hyderabad But is
not Hyderabad already a part of the Indian Union ? We gave
pledges also to those prances whom we are liquidating in dif-
ferent forms today. If we talk of pledges we have given pledges
on many other occasions. We gave pledges to the minorities in
East Bengal. That was given after the attainment of indepen-
dence. The Prime Minister said the other day that even if Kash-
mir had not acceded to India, when Kashmir was attacked by


104 /
the raiders, on humanitarian grounds the Indian army could
have marched to Kashmir and protected the distressed and
oppressed. I felt proud. But if I make a similar statement, or
even a similar suggestion for the purpose of saving the lives
and honour of nine million of our fellow brethren and sisters-
through whose sacrifices to some extent at least freedom has
been achieved, I am a communalist, I am a reactionary I am a
war-monger!
What was the set-up we accepted when the British
withdrew from India ? There was the indian India divided into
India and Pakistan and there was, if I may call it, the Princely
india. Every one of those five hundred rulers got theoretical
independence and they need have acceded to india only with
relation to three subjects. So far as the rest was concerned it
was purely voluntary.That was the pattern which we accepted
from the British Government. So far as the 498 States were
concerned, they came to india, acceded to India on the 14th
August 1947 in relation to three subjects only, but still it was
accession, full accession. Later on, they all came in relation to
all these subjects and were gradually absorbed in the Constitu-
tion of India that we have passed. Supposing some sort of
fulfilment of the pledge that we are thinking of so literally in
relation to Kashmir, was demanded by these States, would we
have agreed to give that? We would not have because that
would have destroyed india. But there was a different approach


/ 105
to the solution of those problems.
They were made to feel that in the interest of India, in
their interest, in the interest of mutual progress, they will have
to accept this Constitution that we are preparing and the Con-
stitution made elaborate provisions for nationally absorbing
them into its fabric, No coercion; no compulsion.They were
made to feel that they could get what they wanted from his
Constitution.
May I ask-was not Sheikh Abdullah party to this Con-
stitution? He was a Member of the Constituent Assembly; but
he is asking for special treatment. Did he not agree to accept
this Constitution in relation to the rest of India, including 497
States. It is good enough for all of them, why should it not be
good enough for him in Kashmir?
What is the provision we have made in the Constitu-
tion? Article 373-read it and read the speech of Shri
Gopalaswami Ayyangar when he moved the adoption of that
extraordinary provision.What was the position then? All the
other States had come into the picture. Kashmir could not be-
cause of special reasons. They were : firstly the matter was in
the hands of the Security Council, secondly, there was war;
thirdly, a portion of Kashmir territory was in the hands of the
enemy and lastly an assurance had been given to Kashmir that
Constituent Assembly would be allowed to be formed and the
wishes of the people of Kashmir ascertained through a plebi-


106 /
scite. Those were the factors that had yet to be fulfilled and
that was why a permanent decision could not be taken. It was
a temporary provision.
He said categorically that he and also the Kashmir Gov-
ernment hoped that Jammu and Kashmir would accede to lndia
just as any other State has done and accept the provision of the
Constitution. It is not a question of compulsion on our part.
The Constitution of India does not say that whatever the Con-
stituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir would ask for india
would give. That is not the provision. The provision is-agree-
ment, consent.
Certain proposals have been made today. Some of us
do not like them. What are we to do? If we talk we are reac-
tionaries we are communalists, we are enemies. If we keep
quiet and if a catastrophe comes after a year, then you were a
party to it, you kept quiet-therefore, you are estopped from
saying anything.
I am most anxious, as anxious as anybody else that we
should have an honourable, peaceful settlement, with Kash-
mir.
We must be able to show that India is not only in theory,
but also in fact, a country where Hindus, Muslims, Christians
and everyone will be able to live without fear and with equal-
ity of rights. That is the Constitution that we have framed and
which we propose to apply rigorously and scrupulously. There


/ 107
may be some demands to the contrary here and there. But do
not regard that, whenever an attack is made on certain matters
of policy, some narrow, sectarian, communal motive is prompt-
ing us. Rather it is the fear that history may repeat itself. It is
the fear that what you are going to do may lead to the
'Balkanisation' of India, may lead to the strengthening of the
hands of those who do not want to see a strong United India,
may lead to the strengthening of those who do not believe that
India is a nation but is a combination of separate
nationalities.That is the danger.
Now, what is it that Sheikh Abdullah has asked for ?
He has asked for certain changes to be made in the Constitu-
tion. Let us proceed coolly cautiously without any heat or ex-
citement. Let us examine each of them and ask him and ask
ourselves : if we make an allowance in respect of these matters
do we hurt India, do we strengthen Kashmir ? That will be my
approach. We want to come to an agreement, an agreement
which will make impossible for India to retain her unity and
Kashmir to retain her separate existence from Pakistan and be
merged with India. Since when did the trouble start ? Let us
look at It dispassionately Since Shelkh Abdullah's return from
Parts some time ago statements started to be made by him which
disturbed us. Even then we did not speak out His first state-
ment he made In an interview which he gave when he was
abroad about his vision of an Independent Kashmir And then


108 /
when he came he amplified it, then again retracted from It and
gave an explanation, and then the speeches which he has made
during the last few months were of a disturbing character If he
feels that his safety lies In remaining out of India, well, let him
say so, we will be sorry for it, but may become Inevitable But
if he feels honestly otherwise, as I have always hoped and
washed, then certainly It is for him also to explain why he
wants these alterations to be made
... sheikh Abdullah spoke in the Constituent Assembly
of Kashmir, about three or four months ago, words which have
not been withdrawn, but words which created a good deal of
misgivings in the minds of all Indians irrespective of party af-
filiations. I do not know whether the Prime Minister saw this :
We are a hundred percent sovereign body. No country can put
spokes in the wheel of our progress.Neither the Indian Parlia-
ment nor any other Parliament outside the State has any juris-
diction over our State."
It is an ominous statement.
Let Sheikh Abdullah declare that he accepts the Sov-
ereignty of this Parliament There cannot be two Sovereign
Parliaments in India You talk of Kashmir being a part of india,
and Sheikh Abdullah talks of a Sovereign Parliament for Kash-
mir It is inconsistent It Is contradictory This Parliament does
not mean a few of us here who are opposing this. This Parlia-


/ 109
ment includes a majority of people who will not be swayed by
any small considerations. And why should he be afraid of ac-
cepting the Sovereignty of this Parliament of Free India ? Sec-
ondly, It is not a matter of changing the provisions of the Con-
stitution by the President's order Let us look at some of the
changes which are being sought for We are supporters of the
Maharaja ! That is what is said against us I have never met the
Maharaja I do not know him personally We are not supporters
of this Maharaja, or of any Maharaja as such But the Maharaja
is there not by his own free will The Parliament of India, the
Constitution has made him what he is, namely, the constitu-
tional head of Jammu and Kashmir. And what is the Irony ?
At present Sheikh Abdullah's Government Is responsible to
this Maharaja according to the Constitution, responsible to one
who Is being described as a wretched fellow who has to be
turned out lock, stock and barrel The Maharaja is there as a
constitutional head. If you feel that this should be taken out,
change your Constitution Say that there will be no hereditary
Rajpramukhs. It is a matter worthy of consideration Let us
consider It But see the way in which it has been put a Hindu
Maharaja is being removed That is one of the war cries-in Pa-
kistan. But who finished the royal powers of Hindu Maharajas
? Not Sheikh Abdullah, but the Constitution of Free India. We
did it. We said that no ruler would have any extraordinary
powers, that he will be just head of the government which


110 /
may be technically responsible to him but later on responsible
to an elected legislature. But now great credit is being taken
that a unique performance is being done in Kashmir. In every
speech of his he gave it : the Maharaja, the Dogra raj is being
finished. Is that a propaganda ? Is that necessary? You are
flogging a dead horse. It is finished. What is the use of saying
it ?
What about the elected Governor ? ..... There was very
special reason why in order to retain the unity of India and
contact between the Centre and all the States the Governor
should be nominated by the President. You just ignore these
basic points because Sheikh Abdullah says : 'I want an elected
head now.' Why can you not tell him and others what you
have done in the Constitution, that originally we provided for
an elected Governor but after a good deal of thought we did
away with that ? Even then I say if today in your wisdom you
feel that an elected head is a necessity and it will help you,
consider it. Bring it up as a specific proposal. Let us discuss
the pros and cons of it. But suddenly my friend Mr Hiren
Mukerjee says head everywhere. Are you going to have elected
heads everywhere? In fact, as things are happening we may
abolish Governors altogether Governorships are often reserved
for various classes of persons-disappointed, defeated, rejected,
unwanted Ministers and so forth. We need not have this class
at all. Or, if you want to have them, have them. I am not par-


/ 111
ticularly People are clamouring for an elected head. People are
clamouring for an elected interested. But this is a change for
which no justification is given.


112 /
The Kashmir Issue : A Historic
Speech
And then the flag. The flag has a significance. It will
not do for the Prime Minister to say that it is a matter of senti-
ment. It was announced in the papers three days ago that the
Indian flag will fly only on two ceremonial occasions and oth-
erwise the State flag alone will fly there. If you feel that the
unity and integrity of India are not affected and it will not lead
to fissiparous tendencies being generated, accept it and do it
for all. But why do it as a matter of surrender to sheikh
Abdullah's demand ?
He wanted to call himself the Prime Minister. That is
how he first started. Some of us did not like it. We know one
Prime Minister of India including Kashmir that is the Prime
Minister who is sitting here. How can you have two Prime
Ministers, one Prime Minister in Delhi and another Prime Min-
ister in Srinagar who will not call himself the Chief Minister
but a Prime Minister.
c-{


/ 113
Look at the citizenship rights and fundamental rights.
What is it that we are doing ? Has the House considered it ?
Has the House discussed the pros and cons of the recommen-
dations which have been made ?You are changing without
giving much thought to the provisions of the Constitution re-
garding citizenship. It was said that rich people are rushing to
Kashmir and purchasing property. As the Prime Minister men-
tioned in his statement, in article 19(5) there is a provision. We
discussed this article threadbare when we framed the Consti-
tution. We have said that any State legislature may pass a law,
imposing reasonable restrictions regarding acquisition of prop-
erty or movement from one part to another in the public inter-
est or in the interest of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
If Sheikh Abdullah feels that in Kashmir some special restric-
tion should be done, the clause is there. I would like to ask the
Prime Minister categorically about this. He has not mentioned
it. He has skipped over it. Is it intended that the restrictions
which the Kashmir Assembly will impose will be in accor-
dance with this exception or is it proposed to give it something
more? There are four classes of citizens. I have got the details,
but I have not the time to go through them.But those were
done in the time of the much cursed Maharaja. Are they to be
maintained or are they going to abolish the four different cat-
egories of citizenship? I am reminded of a story which was
written by Lord Curzon in a book. A distinguished nobleman


114 /
from England went to the court of Shah of Persia 50 or 60
years ago accompanied by his wife. Both of them were pre-
sented and the Shah was a bit inattentive and the secretary
asked: 'What should be the honour done to the lady?' There
were three different categories of Order of Chastity and the
award was made Order of Chastity-class three'. That is how
the order came out and then it was realized that some thing had
been done which was of a staggering character, and of course
amends were made after the damage was done. Four classes
of citizenship in jammu and Kashmir-what for? They should
be abolished. There should be only one class of citizenship.
Would Indians take all your property? It was not suggested
that Indians should go and purchase property as they liked.
Supposing some Indian comes and purchases some property
you may have legislative measures. We have accepted it. What
is the fear? We have a Kashmiri Prime Minister of India. We
have a Kashmiri Home Minister of India. We are happy in
India. We do not mind it. We welcomed them. What is the
fear? Is it feared that Indians will go and invade Kashmir and
one of them will become the Chief Minister of Jammu and
Kashmir?
There is another thing to which Prime Minister has not
referred. I was really amazed to find how a special provision
could be made. As you know two lakhs of people have gone
away to Pakistan. There is a provision that a special law will


/ 115
be incorporated to get these people back to Kashmir. War is
still going on. On the one hand Fundamental Rights regarding
civil liberty are proposed to be made more strict, and on the
other, you are going to throw open the door and allow Paki-
stanis to go to Kashmir; for this there is to be a special law and
there is a special agreement. Why this anxiety on the par of
Sheikh Abdullah to make a special provision for getting back
those who ran away to Pakistan and who are not prepared to
come. Is there any point in it? How will it affect security?...
Those who have been killed cannot go back. Those who are
alive can come back tomorrow if they honestly believe in In-
dia and if they really want to live in Jammu.They must be
tested. Let them come back. No special provision is needed
for it. So far as Jammu is concerned, as you know, it was a
most tragic state. It was done by both sides.There were Mus-
lims who were bitter and there were Hindus who were bitter.
That was a dark period when many parts of India were like
that, but today, what is the position? You have allowed how
many thousands. I forgot the number. They have come away
from Jammu and Kashmir and are a burden on India.Why
should not there be a special provision here in the agreement
that promptly they will be taken back to Jammu and Kashmir?
There are several thousands of them who have come.
Why are they not going back? I do not know how many
pandits have come away from Kashmir. They also must go


116 /
back to Kashmir. So far as the other portion is concerned, that
also is a serious matter. From the one-third portion of Jammu
and Kashmir which is now under Pakistani occupation, nearly,
1 lakh of Hindus and Sikhs have come and taken shelter, within
the Kashmir territory. What will happen to them? They will
have to be taken care of. You are thinking of those who have
become Pakistanis for the time being.You will reconvert them
and reconter on them the status of Kashmiri citizens but those
unfortunate beings who today have taken shelter, how will
they be given accommodation? Is there land enough for them.
These are matters which had not received any attention.
As regards the emergency provision, it is an amazing
stand. If there is an emergency on account of internal distur-
bance, the President of India will not have the last say Why
this fear of the President of India? Can you contemplate a more
gratuitous insult to the President of India? Here the Kashmir
Government must conform to the Constitution. Why should
they request if there is an internal disturbance which is the
creation of their own misdeeds?
Why should they request you if, for instance they are
in league with others from the other side, China or Russia,
through our other friends? Why should they come and request
you for your interference? would expect the Prime Minister to
tell whether the other emergency provisions apply or not. As
you know, there are two other very immortal emergency pro-


/ 117
visions in the Constitution. Article 354 relates to application of
provisions relating to distribution of revenues while a Procla-
mation of Emergency is in operation and the other article is
356 relating to provisions in case of failure of constitutional
machinery in States. Has Sheikh Abdullah accepted the appli-
cation of article 356 or has he accepted the more important
provision contained in article 360-provisions as to financial
emergency. Has he accepted that provision? The Prime Minis-
ter does not make any reference to it. The Supreme Court's
jurisdiction also has not yet been accepted.
I shall conclude, by making this constructive sugges-
tion. These comments which I made, naturally I had to make
without commenting in detail on the reactions of Sheikh
Abdullah. He wrote to me and said that he would like to meet
me when he was in Delhi last time. I was not here on that day.
So I could not meet him. I sent him a friendly reply. Perhaps I
would meet him some time. It is not a question of his meeting
me or my meeting him. I submit that we must proceed accord-
ing to certain standards. First of all there is no question of the
President by virtue of his power to make orders altering the
provisions of the Constitution in material respects.
Proceed in accordance with a constitutional manner,
not just play with the constitution. It is a sacred document, and
it is a document on which much labour and much thought were
bestowed.. If you feel some changes are necessary in order to


118 /
take into consideration the new set-up that is slowly develop-
ing in India, whether in Kashmir or other parts of India, by all
means let the people of the country have a chance to express
their opinion.
Lastly a charge was levelled that some of us have ad-
vocated separate consideration of Jammu and Ladakh. I would
assure you and the House that I do not want that Jammu and
Kashmir should be partitioned. I know the horrors of partition.
I know the results which may ensue if partition comes. But the
responsibility for preventing partition will rest on those who
are today the masters of Jammu and Kashmir and are not pre-
pared to adopt the Constitution of India. What is the crime if
today the people of Jammu claim that they should be treated
separately, in the sense that they should be allowed to join
fully with India-- mark it, It is not a question of running away
from India-- If they say that they would like to accept in to the
Constitution of free india, is there any crime that they then
commit ? I am not suggesting that you partition Jammu and
Kashmir. I am not suggesting that you send Kashmir or Kash-
mir valley out of India. And it is not for me or for us sitting in
this House to decide this matter As the Prime Minister pointed
out very rightly, it is the people of that territory who will have
to decide. Now suppose the people of Jammu and Ladakh feel
that either It should be full accession in relation to the whole of
Jammu and Kashmir, or if that is not acceptable to Sheikh


/ 119
Abdullah, then at least these two Provinces, the two separate
entities could be justified historically or otherwise, that they
should be allowed to join with India. Let Kashmir continue in
any way that it likes, even with more autonomy, with less pos-
sibility of interference by India; that Is a possibility which we
cannot rule out. I hope that this question will be considered in
its full possible implications.
My friend from Kashmir, Maulana Masuodi said
Jammu is a Province which in 1941 had a Muslim majority.
He said that, but did not complete the story. Undoubtedly it
was a Muslim majority Province in 1941, but It became a
Muslim majority including those districts which have now
fallen into the Pakistani-occupied area. So, if you exclude those
areas ....
I am not going to surrender them. I am very glad he
has put the question. The Prime Minister says that that area
will not be re-occupied, but It Is a different question.You are
not going to re-occupy it, and it is not possible. In any case
those people have worked against Jammu and Kashmir, they
have become, as has been repeatedly said, more friendly to
Pakistan than to India.
If you take the 1951 census figures-the figures have
not been published, but it is on the basis of the territory that is
under our occupation- 75 per cent of the population of Jammu
will be Hindus. But I am not proceeding on the basis of Hin-


120 /
dus and Musllms. Let me make it clear I am proceeding on the
basis Of the will of the people to come to India either in whole
or in part. If these two Provinces Ladakh and Jammu say that
they will come to India with all these subjects, make it possible
for them to do so.
The same right which you are claiming for Kashmir
may also be demanded by the people of Jammu and Ladakh.
Let us proceed in a friendly spirit. Sheikh Abdullah himself
said about a month ago that he will have no objection if the
people of Jammu and Ladakh really felt that they would go to
India-! am not saying that you have it done immediately or
you proceed in that way; but let it be possible for the people
residing in those areas to make up their minds which way it
will be good to proceed, and it will also be consistent with the
same principles of self-determination which constitute the ba-
sic claims of Sheikh Abdullah, supported by the Prime Minis-
ter.


/ 121
+rrtat =rr rfta tar
s:.oz n=rt r nrr fr
= =|| | >=| i = =|| | >=| i = =|| | >=| i = =|| | >=| i = =|| | >=| i
=||n| = =r| | :| | =i=in >|== = ;) =,
:+s) | =|. -|=| =|: ==|| |i== i=|= =r| -||
= n| r+ = =r| i==|| = =|. ==|| | rn =|
|=:|= ||+ =| =| :-|=|in, :c==, ::i= | :=|n
==a= =|=n| || =-r|= =c || = == = r| = =r|
| =||n| =n| | ini=i| ==a= =| i:|+ == :r|=|=
= = =r| | =| =|in r: r, i=| in =|| =r| r| ==|+
=|. = =|| =||n == =r|= = n| = = |, i=| =|| -|in
| |= | - =|| =|n=| i= | =| = ==in ||+ r=|
|=| |= r =| = i== | |= = r+ ==n n|
= | :=|n =|=n| === || | ==-== =in n||
|=-i||| =|in| i== |:|= =|=| = = =-r|=
==n| =|| |:+ r ===| in ==| :i=|| =|-= r|n|
||+ == i=|= = :-| = = == -= | =|| i:| r, |
=| = =||n | =- =|n ||, -|||i| | | =r|| ||, =|=i-=n n|
| |== r| ||, =||n| ==in | =r|= || || | =n
| |-|-=n=| ||+
c-|


122 /
= =|| | r==-r-| = =|| | r==-r-| = =|| | r==-r-| = =|| | r==-r-| = =|| | r==-r-|
i= r==| ii=|in| = = i=| = : >|==
= ==| =- r:, === | :-| | r =| r+
=:| = ==| =- =n =||n | =| =||
=| r+ r == r i == = -| ==|
i==n|| | = ==| =- | =r= =| |
-: =| =| | =r| |= r+ i: ==| i==n||
| || == = ==| i=| =| i| =| -| ||,
n| i==n|| |: =-r =||n |= =| i:| |=| |ir
||+ r =r= =| | :|i- || i -:=| | =|
a|| =||n| =|=i | =-|==| i==n|| |: ==
=|= i r |- := =a|n|+ n =r= =|
= | =|in =|:, === r =:r | =n r|n| r i
r |n ||| = =-r -=| = r| =: =|=|
|rn| || | =|- -|| ==|| = =|| in =|=|
|rn| ||+
ii-=| = || || | ||r| ii-=| = || || | ||r| ii-=| = || || | ||r| ii-=| = || || | ||r| ii-=| = || || | ||r|
=|. ==|| | = |r in=| =|| =i|| :| =: r|, i=
:= == =|| r i == =|= |: |= =r| i:| =|+
=-r = =||= =: =|| =|, r| ii-=| | |: =i||
=-| =r| ||, | = ==| =|--|>|| | r| |: | ||+
|| | =i|| =|| rn =n||= ||+ ==| =- =|
| | | |n |, rn i:=| n =-r i: r| =r| |n
|+ |=|| =-r |n-=| : n =r= | =|| = =in =r|
:| |n| ||+ =-r =n| = || =| n| == =r|i=| |
== =|| =r| |= i:| =|+ i =|. ==|| = == n|| ||
i == |i|i ii-= ==| =-r ===|=|:i== | =:
=r| =| |ir, i= =|| :=| | =:| =-r =|: =:+
=n| = | n ==| ii-=| | ==in | =r| i| =|+
rn |=| | n =-r =n| |= i = |


/ 123
| =r| i| =| | =-r | = r| a| || =|+
=n| == = :; =| : ||, r| |: ==||=|= =|| =r| ||,
i= || =|= = = =||in =r| i| | =| | ==
=|= | i=|in =r| n|: | =|+ ==| |=|| | =-
=| = -=| =| | n | r, === n| |
|=-= i|| =| r+ r| n i ==| =- | | ==
i:| =| r, r =|| =r| =r| r+
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=| ii=|in| = ==| =- | i==| | |= | =|=
:-| |=-|= = r| r| r+ in := in =r= =| = |
=|in =|: r, === |=| | =:r : r|= | | :c r|n|
r+ =| n|n r|n| r i =| n| | =|==| = i n|
=r| r+
r=|| r i=i-n |||| r i =|. ==|| | i==n||, ==|
=:| | = ==| =-:= ==|| i :| =|
i==:| r+ r i: = | i=:|| n|=| |rn| r n| == =|
n| | =||| | =n| ===| =|=| |ir+
(: |: , :+s): i:=|, .|.=.) (: |: , :+s): i:=|, .|.=.) (: |: , :+s): i:=|, .|.=.) (: |: , :+s): i:=|, .|.=.) (: |: , :+s): i:=|, .|.=.)
s:.oe ==rz +rrta
r| r| r| | i| r i | e | r :s ==n |
=||n =n r| r| r :=| | i| r i ==| i=||= =||
r| | r =|| = ||| , | =||n | |=| n| |
=||=| in r+ r i=||= :-| | ===in i=| i| =|
| :-| |=| n-| r=n = := =|| =|| =r| i|+
r i=||= =||n| |=|: | =|i =|-n|| i==
n| || r|, =|| r| :== :-| | i=| ===| | r = =||=
- =|||| ===| =|| =|=| :| r+ = =r| :-| |
==in = i-|= =|n| r | =|=n| r i |||=|n n-|
=r| r| r= =--|in =n r+ -| r= | r == n
r i :-| | =|=n| |:-| | ====| =| = =r| =nn
-=-|| r=|+
(:s ==-|, :+s): :|r||:, =||. .=.) (:s ==-|, :+s): :|r||:, =||. .=.) (:s ==-|, :+s): :|r||:, =||. .=.) (:s ==-|, :+s): :|r||:, =||. .=.) (:s ==-|, :+s): :|r||:, =||. .=.)
sz.os =a trr =rr = rntt
r t r=t
:| | =i=in | =n r i :| =| = ==--=|
|= | = | =|in =|: r, === = | in =r| r:+
=||n = -=| | | i r| || | ==n-==r |= |
|n r=| =n ||+ :=| | =n |= =r| = =|=| =a|=| =||
=| ||, |i r| |=| | =n:|= -| ||| =r|,
i= = =| | |=|in | -||n = :| -| = =| r|n| r+
i||= r r| r i :-| | -inr|: =||= r=| |i=n|=
i=| = r | -|| =||= | =|i =|| | = = r| r+
i=, i= nr -=| =| | =|= r| r| r, === =|| n|
n| r i == =|== r = =r| r i =||n =|| i
|n r|+ n r =i=in ==| n| r i == | =|
r i =| |||n| in =n|:| :i=|| =| | ==|
=n |= =r| i==| r= | =|in | -|= :+ == =
i||| == | = =| | -|==n =|=n r
i=i-n | =|=| |ir n|| == --=| |= | =|| =||n
=|| ==| | | | i =| |ir, i= nr =||n =r| =
=i==in - |=| | i| =| r+
(:a =|, :+s;: i:=|, .|.=.) (:a =|, :+s;: i:=|, .|.=.) (:a =|, :+s;: i:=|, .|.=.) (:a =|, :+s;: i:=|, .|.=.) (:a =|, :+s;: i:=|, .|.=.)