Contingency Table Exercise Iram Nisa

Introduction
In order to study the contingency table, the research is conducted to find out the
relationship between the two variables geographical location and political affiliation
among voters in Pakistan !or this purpose, we have under took the study of two
variables "awalpindi and Non#"awalpindi residents in geographical location and three
variables PPPP , P$%N, &I in political affiliation 'e have conducted research to find
out the strength of association between the geographical location and political affiliation
we have taken the two variables ()eographical %ocation* and (political affiliation, then
taking the sample of students of ++,#- from !atima &innah 'omen .niversity
"awalpindi the geographical location is sub#divided into "awalpindi and non#
"awalpindi residents while political affiliation into three parties as Pakistan People/s
Party Parliamentarians 0PPPP1, Pakistan $uslim %eague Nawa2 0P$%N1 and &amat#e#
Islami 0&I1
b- Objective
3To ascertain the relationship between geographical location and political affiliation4
c- Variables
'e will consider the two categorical variables
i- Geographical Location: %iteral meaning of geographical location is the exact
location of one ob5ect relative to another or in a general area, whereas the contextual
meaning is where the students of class reside
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Contingency Table Exercise Iram Nisa
)eographical location is further categori2ed into7
"esidents of "awalpindi
"esidents of non#"awalpidi
ii- Political Affiliation: %iteral meaning of Political ,ffiliation to accept as a member of
)roup of persons organi2ed to ac8uire and exercise political power, whereas the
contextual meaning is student*s votes are affiliated with which political party
Political ,ffiliation is further categori2ed into7
Pakistan People/s Party Parliamentarians 0PPPP1
Pakistan $uslim %eague Nawa2 0P$%N1
&amat#e#Islami 0&I1
d- Scales of Measureent
+oth the variables )eographical %ocation and Political ,ffiliation are 8ualitative in
nature 'e will use (Nominal scale of measurement* to study the relationship between
these variables
e- Statistical !ool
, table (,lan +ryman 9 Emma +ell on "esearch $ethodology* annexed at page#:
suggest that when we a nominal variable versus a nominal variable then we use
Contigency Table
Chi#s8uare ;
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Contingency Table Exercise Iram Nisa
Cramer*s -
=tatistical Tools for >ifferent =cales
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variable can be
identified as the
dependent
variable compare
mean and eta
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Contingency
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Phi# Co#efficient
0?1
0Table7 661
f- %ata 'ollection
'e had considered the population of Pakistan to determine the dependence of political
affiliation on geographical location In order to deduce the results, we chose the sample
of <B students of ++,#- from !atima &innah 'omen .niversity "awalpindi belonging
to different areas of Pakistan "elative 8uestions were asked about their affiliation with
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Contingency Table Exercise Iram Nisa
different political parties 0ie PPPP, P$%N and &I1 and the geographical location 0ie
"awalpindi, non#"awalpindi1 ,fter that we have assembled the collected data from the
sample
g- %ata anal&sis
'e have analy2ed the data obtained from the sample using =P== version 6:
Cutput is given on page D 6<, 6:
h- %ata (ntr&:
'e will use the =P== version#6: to analy2e the data 8uickly we will go into the =P== for
following the following path
Pop up box will open ask for the type of file you want to open
Eere you will select the (Create new 8uery using database wi2ard* then press ok
New database sheet will be opened
=tart ,ll programs =P== 6:F
for windows
6:
=P== for
windows
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Contingency Table Exercise Iram Nisa
0Table7 6<1

There are two sheets appeared in =P== window on the down#left corner
-ariable -iew
>ata -iew
Variable Vie):
!irstly, we will enter the data into the sheet of variable view
Click the (variable view* written on the left Dbottom of the window
(-ariable view* sheet will be displayed
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Contingency Table Exercise Iram Nisa
0Table7 6<1
Now enter the values in the columns given in the variable view
Name: Enter the name of the variable ()eoloc*
Type7 =elect the type of data (numeric*
%abel7 'rite the full name of the variable as ()eographical %ocation*
-alues7
o Click the right button appeared in the column
o Pop#up +ox will be opened
o Enter values in the boxes as given the table
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Contingency Table Exercise Iram Nisa
0Table7 6:1
$easure7 Enter the scale of measurement of the respective variable ie Nominal
%ata Vie)
!irst of all, click the (>ata view* written on the left bottom corner of the window
>ata view sheet will be open
Enter the data of geographical location and political affiliation in the columns
under their respective headings
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Contingency Table Exercise Iram Nisa
0Table7 6G1
i- $esults and Output
'ontingenc& !able7
The following process is carried to form the contingency table
Click#left on the (analy2e* in the $enu# +ar, scroll will appear
Click on the descriptive statistics, new scroll bar will appear then click the cross
tabs
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Contingency Table Exercise Iram Nisa
0Table7 6B1
Pop#up box named (Crosstabs* will appear as given in table, move variable )eographical
%ocation in the ("ow box* and move variable Political ,ffiliation in the (Column box*
0Table7 6H1
K
Contingency Table Exercise Iram Nisa

<
nd
=tep7 Click box along the (display clustered bar charts*
Click the button (Cells*
,nother Pop#up box named (Crosstabs7 Cell >isplay* will open
:
rd
=tep7 click the row under the heading (Percentage*, press (Continue* then CL
0Table7 6I1
6F
Contingency Table Exercise Iram Nisa
)raphs M%ine M$ultiple M >efine M Category axis M ok
In the $enu +ar, go to graphs then click the (%ine* in the scroll bar
0Table7 6J1
Pop#up +ox will appear named as (%ine Chart* then
6
st
=tep7 click the ($ultiple*
<
nd
=tep7 click >efine button 0as in table7 1
0Table7 6K1
66
Contingency Table Exercise Iram Nisa
$ove )eographical %ocation into the Category x#,xis then click CL
0Table7 66F1
6<
Contingency Table Exercise Iram Nisa
Output:
Geographical Location * Political Affiliation 'rosstabulation
6 G 6 H
6HIN HHIN 6HIN 6FFFN
: 6: : 6K
6BJN HJGN 6BJN 6FFFN
G 6I G <B
6HFN HJFN 6HFN 6FFFN
Count
N within )eographical
%ocation
Count
N within )eographical
%ocation
Count
N within )eographical
%ocation
"wp
NA"wp
)eographical
%ocation
Total
P N &
Political ,ffiliation
Total
N/Rwp Rwp
Geographical Location
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
C
o
u
n
t
J
N
P
Political Affiliation
Bar Chart
6:
Contingency Table Exercise Iram Nisa
0Table7 6661
j- Anal&sis:
!or this purpose, we have under took the study of two variables "awalpindi and Non#
"awalpindi residents in geographical location and three variables PPPP , P$%N, &I in
political affiliation 'e have conducted research to find out the strength of association
between the geographical location and political affiliation 'e took the sample of <B girls
from !atima &innah 'omen .niversity "awalpindi ,fter analysis, we found the
following results 0as shown in table7 6661
6 "awalpindi
a PPPP has 6HHIN voters
b P$%N has HHHIN voters
c &I has 6HHIN voters
< Non# "awalpindi
a PPPP has 6BIJN voters
b P$%N has HJG<N voters
c &I has 6BIJN voters
: Cverall "esult
a PPPP has 6HN voters
b P$%N has HJN voters
c &I has 6HN voters
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Contingency Table Exercise Iram Nisa
Insight
'e will find out the relationship between geographical %ocation and Political affiliation
from the line diagram 0shown in table 66<1 +y keeping in view the line diagram we see
that though the %ines do not intersect but still they are parallel which leads to the
conclusion that there is a very weak interaction between geographical location and
political affiliation In statistical parlance we say that the two variables under study are
weekly associated ie to the change in geographical location, the voting patterns changes
but a little
Graph
N/Rwp Rwp
Geographical Location
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
C
o
u
n
t
J
N
P
Political Affiliation
0Table7 66<1
6B
Contingency Table Exercise Iram Nisa
+- (,planation:
'hen the lines are parallel to each other then there is not relationship between the
variable
'hen the lines intersect each other then there is strong relationship between the
variable
'hen the lines are neither parallel nor intersect, will meet at a point then there is
a week relationship between them
'hen there is increase in one variable and decrease in other than there always is a
strong interaction

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Contingency Table Exercise Iram Nisa
$ear+s
Signature
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