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=
1
2
m v
2
As mass flow rate is given by,
And the rate of change of distance is given by,
= v
We get,
=
Hence the power equation is,
P =
1
2
3
Where,
P Power in Watt
Air density in kg/m
3
A Swept area in m
2
v Velocity in m/s
By Betz limit (or) Betz Law
Maximum power efficiency of any design of wind turbine is 0.59
C
p max
= 0.59
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So the extractable power from the wind is given by,
Power =
3
Cp in Watt
Angular velocity () =
.
Where,
= Tip speed ratio
v = Velocity of wind
r = Radius of blade
6.2 POWER REQUIRED FOR PUMP
To find work done,
Weight of the fluid displaced per sec = Weight of the fluid X Discharge
= ( g) (
60
) N / sec
Workdone by the pump =
g A N L
60
X (H
s
+ H
d
)
Power is the rate of doing work. It is equivalent to an amount of energy consumed
per unit time,
So,
Power =
in Watt
Where,
P Power in Watt N Speed of rotor in rpm
Density of fluid in kg/m
3
L Stroke length in m
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H Head distance in m A Cross sectional area in m
2
7. CALCULATIONS
7.1 POWER OBTAINED FROM WIND ENERGY
Power =
1
2
3
C
p
Here,
= 1.184 kg/m
3
at 25
0
C
A = Height x Radius = 0.1134m
2
Height = 0.4826m, Radius = 0.235m
v = 4.16 m/s (15km/hr)
C
p
= 0.35 (Assumption)
So,
Power = 0.5 x 1.184 x 0.1134 x 4.16 x 0.35
Power obtained = 2.587 W
Angular velocity () =
.
=
0.8 4.16
0.3
= 11.09 rad/sec
Speed (N) =
60
2
in rpm
N = 11.09x 60 / (2 x 3.14)
Speed (N) = 105.98 rpm
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7.2 POWER REQUIRED TO DRIVE PUMP
Power =
g A N L H
60
Here,
= 1000 kg/m
3
(Density of water)
A = Cross sectional area = 2.8637 x 10
-4
m
2
A =
2
4
, Diameter = 0.0191m
N = 105.98 rpm
L = 0.07m
H = 0.9 m
So,
Power = (1000 x 9.81 x2.8637x10
-4
x105.98 x 0.07 x 0.9) / 60
Power required = 0.3126 Watt
Hence,
We can pump the water up to the height of 7 meter (23 feet) height with this
same prototype wind turbine.
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8. CONSTRUCTION
CAD diagram of Savonius pump
8.1 FRAME
Frame for the turbine and pump is fabricated by ASTM 106 grade B material
pipe of 1inch outer dia. The frame is welded by Arc welding method.
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8.2 WIND TUBINE AND SHAFT ASSEMBLY
This is the main component which causes for utilizing wind power. The
blades also welded with shaft at the required angle.
8.3 PEDESTAL BEARING
Pedestal type bearing is used for mounting shaft in the frame and reduces
frictional resistance.
8.4 CRANK MECHANISM ASSEMBLY
A simple crank assembly is designed and fabricated for the required stroke
length.
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9. ADVANTAGES
a) It is a renewable source of energy.
b) Wind power systems are non-polluting so it has no adverse influence on the
environment.
c) Wind energy systems avoid fuel provision and transport.
d) On a small scale up to a few kilowatt system is less costly.
e) On a large scale costs can be competitive conventional electricity and lower
costs could be achieved by mass production.
f) They are always facing the wind - no need for steering into the wind.
g) Have greater surface area for energy capture -can be many times greater.
h) Are more efficient in gusty winds already facing the gust.
i) Can be installed in more locations - on roofs, along highways, in parking lots.
j) Can be scaled more easily - from mill watts to megawatts.
10. CONCLUSION
Our work and the results obtained so far are very encouraging and reinforce
the conviction that vertical axis wind energy conversion systems are practical and
potentially very contributive to the reduction of electricity consumption by using
wind the wind even under less than ideal sitting conditions. It is hoped that they may
be constructed used high-strength, low- weight materials for deployment in more
developed nations and settings or with very low tech local materials and local skills
in less developed countries. The Savonius pump designed is ideal to be located on
coastal area for pump water which is powered by wind. The elevated altitude gives
it an advantage for more wind opportunity.
11. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
1. The use of materials like Acrylic Plastic Sheets can be used to develop low
cost VWAT
2. Placing brake system and lock for stop the pump
1. BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Eggleston, David M. Wind Turbine Engineering Design. Van Nostrand
Reinhold, 1987.
2. Fluid Mechanics by R.K.Bhansal
3. www.accuweather.com