Single Phase Transformer Manual

Moloney Electric Inc.
Page 2

Instruction Manual: Single Phase Pole Mounted, Oil Filled Transformers Rev: 1006

Instruction and Maintenance Manual

SINGLE PHASE, OIL FILLED
POLE MOUNTED TRANSFORMERS

Moloney Electric Inc. Page 3


Table of Content

1.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................ 4
2.0 INSPECTION................................................................................................................................... 4
3.0 STORAGE........................................................................................................................................ 6
4.0. INSTALLATION............................................................................................................................. 7
5.0 LOADING......................................................................................................................................... 7
6.0 PERIODIC INSPECTION............................................................................................................... 8
7.0 MAINTENANCE DURING PERIODS OF ................................................................................... 11
TRANSFORMER SHUTDOWN......................................................................................................... 11
8.0 TANK AND FITTINGS.................................................................................................................. 12
9.0 TAP CHANGERS - EXTERNALLY OPERATED....................................................................... 13
FOR DE-ENERGIZED OPERATION................................................................................................ 13
10.0 SEALED TANK DESIGN............................................................................................................ 14
11.0 CARE AND HANDLING OF TRANSFORMER MINERAL OIL............................................. 14
12.0 RENEWAL PARTS...................................................................................................................... 16
13.0 REPAIR........................................................................................................................................ 16


1.0 Introduction

The transformers described herein are designed for the conditions normally encountered
in both utility and industrial environments. These units normally supply general-purpose
loads.

The information that is normally provided with this equipment includes, installation and
maintenance instructions and all relevant electrical diagrams outlining the characteristics,
weights, and connections. In addition it is customary to show these on the nameplate.

1.1 Safety

1. The transformer should be operated and serviced only by competent personnel,
trained in use of this equipment and familiar with good safety practices. These
instructions are written for such personnel and are not intended as a substitute for
adequate training and experience in the use of this equipment. Should clarification or
further information be required, or should problems arise which are not covered
sufficiently for the users purpose, refer the matter to the nearest Moloney Electric
Inc. representative.

When communicating with Moloney Electric Inc. regarding the product covered by
this instruction book, always include the following items of information from the unit
nameplate: Serial number, style, KVA rating, high and low voltage ratings.

2. Additionally, relevant personnel must use all applicable safety procedures, regional
and local safety requirements, safety working practices and good judgment.

2.0 Inspection

2.1. Receiving

1. The transformers are shipped completely assembled and ready to install. Each
transformer should be carefully inspected upon receipt and the transportation
company notified of any damage that has been identified. The shipping list should be
checked to verify all material has been received.
2. The transformer is normally shipped on a shipping pallet or a disposable crate. The
crated unit may be moved readily by lift truck, crane or cart. Lifting hooks are
supplied on the sides of the transformer tank to enable lifting by crane,
when removing from the shipping pallet/crate. Lift the transformer utilizing the
hooks and use proper spreaders to obtain a vertical lift and prevent
damage to any components or the paint finish. We recommend the use of nylon style
slings.



2.2.External Inspection

On receipt of a transformer(s), a thorough external inspection should be made before the
unit is accepted from the transportation service. If there is any evidence and/or indication
of damage, then a representative of the carrier should be informed and their attendance
requested. Moloney Electric Inc must also be informed.

The following include the recommended checks that should be made;
1. Is the packaging/crating damaged?
2. Is there any sign of external damage?
3. Are the bushing/connectors broken, chipped and or scratched?
4. Is the paint finished damaged?
5. Are their scratches/marking at any points other than the handling or anchor
locations?
6. Any visible leakage from the valves or threaded fittings?
7. Check for tank pressure (if a pressure vacuum gauge is provided)
8. Check liquid level (if liquid level gauge provided)

2.3. Internal Inspection

The transformer covered by this instruction and maintenance document, is shipped ready
for operation and does not require internal inspection. However, if the transformer must
be opened, care should be taken in ensuring that moisture or other foreign material are
not allowed to enter the tank..

Picture 1: Pressure Relief Device



Warning

Always vent the transformer by manually operating the pressure relief
device provided. The transformer should be vented before energizing if it
has been pressurized for leak test or if it has been opened and resealed. Be
sure to relieve pressure or vacuum before attempting any work on the
transformer.

3.0 Storage

The transformer should be stored completely assembled tank sealed and all access
covers closed as though it were energized and installed at its permanent location.
Transformers should not be stored in locations that would make them susceptible to be
submersed in water. Transformer should be stored on a solid, leveled foundation.



4.0. Installation

After the transformer has been moved from the carrier or storage and is placed in its
planned location, it is ready for installation. Most transformers covered by this booklet
are shipped completely assembled ready for installation and require nothing further.

Before Applying Voltage to the Transformer

The following areas/items should be examined prior to applying voltage to the
transformer.

1. Feeder Cables or Bus ensure proper connection to transformer terminals without
stress on the bushings.
2. Winding Neutral Terminals (if supplied) make proper connection, to ground or
ungrounded as required by system operation.
3. Tank Ground ensure solid ground connection at grounding pads located on the
tank.
4. Top Changer set in desired location and lock in position.
5. Tools and Foreign Objects examine tank and environs and remove from
transformer.
6. Openings and Joints ensure that all are satisfactorily sealed.
7. Personnel are all in the clear.

After Applying Voltage to the Transformer

1. Check the transformer, it should emit a steady hum. No ticking noises (evidence
of discharges) should be heard with ones ear close to the tank wall. Assuming all
the foregoing checks have been made and are satisfactory, the transformer is ready
for normal loading.

5.0 Loading

The transformer has been designed for continuous full load operation based on the
operating conditions stated at the time of design and manufacture.



6.0 Periodic Inspection

All gauges and indicators, if provided, should be checked on a regular basis to make
certain the transformer is operating within safe limits and under the proper conditions.

Minimum inspection should consist of the following:

1. Observe the transformer thermometer, be aware that while the transformer has
a guaranteed rise above the cooling ambient, the thermometer will indicate the
actual temperature. This is the sum of the temperature rise plus the ambient air
temperature. For example, a 65C rise unit (meaning the average winding
temperature rise is 65C) will have a top liquid temperature rise of approximately
60C when fully loaded. Therefore, the liquid thermometer reading will be 60C
plus the air temperature of say 25C totaling 85C as indicated.

Picture 2: Top Oil Thermometer



2. Samples of the oil can be taken in the field for testing. All transformer oil is tested
prior to the filling of the units in the factory. Filter the liquid if it tests lower than
22kV.

Picture 3: Drain Valve with Sampling Device

3. Check level of liquid in main tank observing reading of liquid level gauges. Add
clean filter liquid if necessary and determine the source of the leaks.

Picture 4: Liquid Level Gauge


4. Visually inspect insulators for evidence of cracks and/or contamination. There is
no perfect insulator; a small amount of leakage current always exists. This
current leaks through and along the bushing surface from the high-voltage
conductor to ground. If the bushing is damaged or heavily contaminated, leakage
current becomes excessive and visible evidence may appear as carbon tracking
(treeing) on the bushing surface. Flashovers may occur if the bushings are not
cleaned periodically.

(Do not approach live parts closer than safe working practice permits).
.

Picture 5: Transformer High Voltage and Low Voltage Terminals

5. Examine the tank and radiators for excessive corrosion and oil leaks. Pay special
attention to flanges and gaskets (bushings, valves, and radiators) and lower
section of the tank. Pay attention to the oil level indicator and identify any leaks
found. Severely corroded spots should be wire brushed and painted with a rust
inhibitor.

Warning

Before entering upon or into a transformer that has been in service, be sure to lock
open the line switches on both the high voltage and low voltage sides. A grounded line
should be connected to the transformer terminals in order to discharge any stored
energy in the windings and prevent accidental re-energizing.


7.0 Maintenance During Periods of
Transformer Shutdown

1. Clean any accumulation of dirt and contamination from bushing.
2. Rotate the tap changer handle back and forth a few times through its range to clean
the contacts. Be sure to return the handle to its original position if no change in ratio
is desired.

Figure 6 Tap Switch

Picture 7: Tap Changer Lead Assembly



8.0 Tank and Fittings

Tanks are of the permanently sealed type, suitably reinforced to withstand all the forces
likely to be met in service or during transportation. They are designed to minimize
natural vibration and emission of noise.
Additional cooling surface is provided, (when necessary), by sheet steel panel-type
radiators, which are low in liquid content while highly efficient in performance.
These radiators are permanently attached to the tanks.

Picture 9: Welded-on cooling radiators

Picture 10: Single Phase Pole Mount Design with all Bushings and Accessories
installed.


9.0 Tap Changers - Externally Operated
For De-Energized Operation

When an adjustment in transformer ratio is required, refer to the rating plate and select
the most suitable tap position(s). With the transformer de-energized, rotate the tap
changer(s) handle(s) until the selected position number appears in the position indicator
opening. Double-check the switch position(s) prior to energizing. Internal leads are
bolted to the tap changer(s) in accordance with design requirements.

9.1 Tap Changer Maintenance

Once the transformer is placed in service, the tap changer requires minimal attention. It is
recommended, however, each time the transformer is shut down for any reason, the tap
changer handle be turned back and forth a few times throughout its range. The wiping
action of the moving contacts will clean the surface of the stationary contacts.
Although not mandatory, it is advisable to perform this routine maintenance procedure on
an annual basis.

Warning
Do not, under any circumstances, attempt to operate the tap changer when
the transformer is energized.



10.0 Sealed Tank Design

Moloney Electric Inc. provides a sealed tank design with a pressure relief device.
This design prevents normal contact between the insulating oil and the atmosphere.
The transformer design provides for the oil level calculated to a level at 25C rise and an
air space to handle temperature fluctuations.
When the transformer is on an environment below this, oil level is designed to not be
below a calculated level. When the temperature rises the oil level goes up and as the
normal pressure build up occurs, the pressure relief device activates, air is expelled and
the pressure relief device reseals, preventing the ingress of any moisture.

Picture 11: Sealed Tank Drawing

11.0 Care and Handling of Transformer Mineral Oil

11.1 General

Transformers are filled @ 25C at the factory with non-PCB processed oil in accordance
with applicable laws/regulations. The non-PCB fluid contains less than 1ppm at the time
of processing and filling. The owner should take the necessary precautions so that PCB
contamination is not introduced during field filling or maintenance of the transformer.

The oil has been developed to give top performance with normal care and maintenance.
It is a pure unblended mineral oil obtained from the fractional distillation of crude
petroleum and does not contain impurities or additives that would be injurious to its use
as an insulating and cooling medium. Uniform high quality is maintained by careful,
thorough control and testing.



11.2 Physical Properties (of oil in a new transformer)

Color Almost colorless (slightly yellow)
Condition Clear
Water Content, ppm (ASTM D1533) 15 max.
Dielectric Strength, 25C
01 inch gap (ASTM D877)

145kV
Viscosity @ 40C (ASTM D445) 12.0 mm
2
/S max.
Specific Gravity 0.85
Weight per gallon (Imperial) 8.5 (pounds)
Weight per gallon (U.S.A.) 7.1 pounds

11.3 Electrical Properties

The dielectric strength of transformer oil is in the order of 30kV when tested by the
ASTM method, D877, (utilizing electrodes .1 apart). Its strength is sensitive to
moisture, oxidation and other contaminants.
Transformer oil will turn noticeable black or have visible particles of carbon in
suspension if severe arching has occurred. The dielectric strength is, however, the most
important test for determining the degree of cleanliness and absence of moisture in
insulating oil.
The accepted standard method of test is between one inch flat disc electrodes spaced one-
tenths of an inch apart. Dielectric strength of the oil should be at least 27,500 volts.

11.4 Inspection and Testing of Transformer Oil

Transformer oil should be sampled and tested at regular intervals and the results
recorded. Any deterioration can be observed and corrective action taken.



12.0 Renewal Parts

Replacement parts are seldom required, but are available from the factory on short
notice. When requesting information on renewal parts, the customer should provide the
following information;
1. Transformer Rating
2. Transformer Serial Number
3. Description of the part requested.

13.0 Repair

1. It is the responsibility of the owner to inspect, maintain and keep the transformer in
good repair and to report all failures during the warranty period to the Moloney
Electric Inc. Moloney Electric Inc. or an approved service facility must make all
warranty repairs.

2. It is recommended that the owner limit repairs to replacing broken parts unless the
owner has well trained personnel.

3. Whenever replacement parts or any information regarding existing transformers are
required, complete nameplate data such as KVA rating, style, serial number and part
description and/or information required should be given to Moloney Electric Inc.

Note: There are no understandings, agreements, representations or warranties,
expressed or implied, including warranties of merchantability or fitness for a
particular purpose, other than those specifically set out by an existing contract
between the parties. Any such contract states the entire obligation of seller. The
contents of this document shall not become part of or modify any prior or existing
agreement, commitment or relationship.

Single Phase Transformer Manual

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Single Phase Transformer Manual

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Moloney Electric Inc.

You might also like