Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Body Positions
Anatomical Position
1. Standing erect
2. Face directed forward
3. Upper limbs hanging on the side
4. Palms of the hand facing forward
Supine face upward
Prone face downward
Always refer to the anatomical
position
Directional terms
Superior up
Inferior down
Anterior front
Posterior back
Ventral belly
Dorsal back
Proximal nearest
Distal distant
Medial toward the midline
Lateral away from the midline
Superficial near the body surface
Deep toward interior of the body
ANTERIOR VIEW
1. Cephalic (Head)
Frontal forehead
Orbital eyes
Nasal nose
Oral mouth
Otic ear
Buccal cheer
Mental chin
2. Cervical (Neck)
Clavicular - collarbone
3. Trunk
a. Thoracic (Thorax)
Mediastinum divides the thoracic
cavity
Pectoral chest
Sternal breastbone
Mammary breast
Abdominal abdomen
Umbilical navel
Pelvic pelvis
Inguinal groin
Pubic genital
4. Upperlimb
Axillary armpit
Brachial arm
Antecubital front of elbow
Antebrachial forearm
Carpal wrist
Palmar palm
Digital fingers
5. Lowerlimb
Coxal hip
Femoral thigh
Patellar kneecap
Crural leg
a. Pedal (Foot)
Talus ankle
Dorsum top of foot
Digital toes
POSTERIOR VIEW
1. Cranial (Skull)
Occipital base of skull
Nuchal back of neck
2. Trunk
a. Dorsal (back)
Scapular shoulder blade
Vertebral spinal column
Lumbar loin / lowerback
Sacral between hips
Gluteal buttocks
Perineal perineum
3. Upperlimb
Acromial point of shoulder
Olecranon point of elbow
Dorsum back of the hand
Deltoid upperarm
4. Lowerlimb
Popliteal back of the knee
Sural calf
Plantar sole
Calcaneal heel
Axis imaginary line that will pass
through a certain point
a. Longitudinal
- Superior and inferior
b. Transverse
- Side to side
c. Sagittal
- Anterior and posterior
Plane 2 axes imaginary surface
- Divide the body into different
regions and sections
a. Transverse
- Transverse and sagittal
- Cross section
b. Coronal / Frontal
- Transverse and longitudinal
c. Sagittal
- Sagittal and longitudinal
Median sagittal divide the
body into two equal halves
Parasagittal any plane parallel
to the median sagittal
DORSAL BODY CAVITY
Cavity spaces in the body
3 meninges that protects the dorsal
body cavity:
1. Durameter outermost
2. Arachnoid web like
3. Pia mater innermost
- penetrates the substance of the
brain
VENTRAL BODY CAVITY
Viscera organs inside the
ventral cavity
Diaphragm divides the ventral
body cavity into:
a. Upper thoracic
b. Lower abdominopelvic cavity
Abdominal cavity
Pelvic cavity
THORACIC AND ABDOMINAL
CAVITY MEMBRANE
Serous membrane
- Parietal (outermost) and visceral
(innermost) layers
Serous fluid
- Found between parietal and
visceral layer
HEART
Pericardial cavity
- Surrounds the heart
Visceral pericardium
- Covers the heart
Pericardial Fluid
- Located between visceral and
parietal pericardium
Parietal pericardium
LUNGS
Pleural cavity
- Surrounds the lungs
Visceral pleura
Pleural fluid
Parietal pleura
PERITONEUM
Peritoneal cavity
- Surrounds the abdominopelvic
cavity
Visceral peritoneum
Peritoneal fluid
Parietal peritoneum
INFLAMMATIONS
Pericarditis
- Inflammation of the pericardium
Pleurisy
- Inflammation of the pleura
Peritonitis
- Inflammation of the peritoneum
ABDOMINAL LINES
1. Subcostal line
- Under the ribs
2. Transtubercular line
- Tubercle of pelvis to the other
3. Midclavicular lines
- Middle of the clavicle
DRAWING:
9 REGIONS
1. Umbilical region
- Centremost, deep, surrounds the
umbilicus
2. Epigastric region
- Superior to tge umbilical region
3. Hypogastric region
- Pubic, inferior to the umbilical
region
4. Right and left iliac
- Inguinal, lateral to the hypogastric
region
5. Right and left lumbar
- Lateral to the umbilical region
6. Right and left hypochondriac
- Overlie the lower ribs
Chondron cartilage
DRAWING:
4 QUADRANTS
Techniques:
Palpitation
Percussion
Auscultation