Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DATE:
TO:
FROM:
SUBJECT:
OCT % J,2014
Board of Supervisors
/
EdwardDng Jr.
County
utive
Update on Unaccompanied Children in Fairfax County
This summer, media reports focused on thousands of children fleeing to the United States from
Central and South America (El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras), unaccompanied by their
parents or other responsible adults. According to these reports, the federal government was
housing children in federal facilities throughout the country while they awaited immigration
hearings.
On July 1,2014, the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors directed the County Executive "to
examine these issues and provide the Board with recommendations about steps that may be
needed to handle an unexpected influx of unaccompanied children." Referencing this
directive, on September 9, 2014, the Board further instructed the County Executive to estimate
the costs of providing services to unaccompanied minors placed with sponsors in Fairfax
County.
To respond to both questions, we formed a multi-agency workgroup, led by Nannette Bowler,
Director of the Department of Family Services. The group was comprised of representatives
from various Human Services agencies (Department of Family Services; Office for Women
and Domestic & Sexual Violence Services; Department of Neighborhood and Community
Services; Office to Prevent and End Homelessness; Juvenile Courts; Community Services
Board; and the Health Department), the County Executive's Office, the County Attorney's
Office, the Police Department, Fairfax County Public Schools and several local nonprofit
organizations. In addition to convening the workgroup, over the course of the last two months,
staff has participated in several national and state conference calls, webinars,- and meetings to
leam how the federal, state and local governments are responding to the arrival of
unaccompanied youth;
.
'
The work group researched and evaluated two specific scenarios: 1) federally sponsored
congregate shelter and, 2) children placed with sponsors. For both scenarios, the group
focused on the local impacts from both a financial and service perspective.
Board of Supervisors
'
,
Subject: Update on Unaccompanied Children in Fairfax County
Page 2 of 4
The significant reduction in the number of unaccompanied children crossing the border in
recent weeks has resulted in the closure of many federal facilities and an announcement by the
federal government that no other facilities are needed for this wave of children. While officials
are reluctant to predict whether the number of unaccompanied children crossing the border will
rise in future months, the Department of Health and Human Service's Office of Refugee
Resettlement (ORR) informed us that they are adding capacity at their existing federal facilities
to be better equipped should another influx occur. Therefore, it is unlikely Fairfax County
would be asked to open such a facility any time soon.
Unaccompanied Children Placed with Sponsors in the Fairfax County:
According to the ORR's website, when immigration authorities apprehend a child who is not
accompanied by a parent or legal guardian "the child is transferred to the care and custody of
the Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR). Federal law requires that ORR feed, shelter, and
provide medical care for unaccompanied children until it is able to release them to safe settings
with sponsors (usually family members), while they await immigration proceedings. These
sponsors live in many states." It further states, "Sponsors are adults who are suitable to
provide for the child's physical and mental well-being and have not engaged in any activity
that would indicate a potential risk to the child. All sponsors must pass a background check.
The sponsor must agree to ensure the child's presence at all future immigration proceedings.
They also must agree to ensure the minor reports to ICE for removal from the United States if
an immigration judge issues a removal order or voluntary departure order."
'
Since January of this year, ORR reports that they have placed 1,131 unaccompanied children
with sponsors in Fairfax County. In general, Fairfax County Human Services agencies have
not reported any significant increase in number of service requests that could be attributed to
this population. However, collecting data on these children and the services they may utilize is
extremely challenging. Most programs do not track data in a way that allows for the
identification of this population; "unaccompanied children" is not a designation that programs
use.
Board of Supervisors
Subject: Update on Unaccompanied Children in Fairfax County
Page 3 of 4
We are able to identify which programs and services are accessible to this population, given
their immigration status (though this does not indicate if they have, in fact, been utilized). In
2007, the County conducted an extensive analysis of the utilization of County seivices by
undocumented individuals (attached). As outlined in the attached 2007 memo to the Board, a
large number of County services are restricted by federal and state laws to those individuals
and families who are legally present in the United States, including restrictions on programs
such as SNAP, FAMIS and TANF. Some services, primarily those necessary for the
protection of life of safety, are provided in accordance with federal law to all residents,
regardless of immigration status. Other services are provided countywide and are available to
all residents of the County and a legal status determination is not made. Unaccompanied minor
children would be bound by the same restrictions as other undocumented children when
accessing Fairfax County services.
Additionally, Fairfax County Public Schools (FCPS) has their own set of guidelines to adhere
to with respect to this population. Representatives from the FCPS have shared that the school
system is not permitted to ask families if children are undocumented. Educating
undocumented children and children from immigrant families is not a new circumstance in
Fairfax. In 2011, the United States Departments of Justice and Education issued guidance to
help schools understand their responsibilities under the Supreme Court's decision in Plyler v.
Doe and federal civil rights laws to provide all children with equal access to an education
regardless of their or their parents' immigration status.
FCPS is unable to identify all ORR students because many are released to their parents. When
parents register, they do not need to identify the child as being in the custody of ORR because
FCPS is not permitted to ask about immigration status. Like all parents registering, they
simply need to prove they are the parents and residing in Fairfax County. Fairfax County
Public Schools has reported an increase of students receiving ELL (English Language
Services) at the high school level this school year (2014-2015) and has to use additional
positions from their reserves to meet these needs.
All of this information helps paint a better picture of the actual situation with unaccompanied
minors in our community. However, given the difficulties presented by the fluid nature of the
data on this population we could not generate an estimated financial or service-related impact.
Staff directly consulted a senior official within the U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services/ORR and to ask if the federal government had reimbursed any local jurisdictions for
costs incurred for unaccompanied children placed with sponsors in their community. We were
informed that HHS/ORR has made no such reimbursement to date.
Board of Supervisors
Subject: Update on Unaccompanied Children in Fairfax County
Page 4 of 4
Staff also spoke with senior officials within Virginia State Government to ask whether the state
was considering seeking reimbursement. At the time, there was no indication that they were
pursuing reimbursement. However, staff has asked to be notified as the conversation evolves.
(
Finally, staff consulted with the County's Government Affairs Office to explore options and
opportunities to identify sources of additional revenue to support this population. We agreed
that we would explore state and federal opportunities to maximize educational funding for
Fairfax County's diverse school population.
If it appears that this situation will change significantly in the future, the workgroup provides
an infrastructure to determine impacts on local programs. The group will meet as the picture
unfolds and, if a need presents itself.
Conclusions and Recommendations
Based on our review of the information available we have determined that:
'
'
DATE:
TO:
Michael Frey
Supervisor, Sully District
FROM:
Anthony H. Griffin
County Executive
SUBJECT:
In response to your request, staff has summarized below the cost to Fairfax County of direct
services provided to undocumented immigrants. The County provides a wide range of services,
ail in accordance with federal and state laws and regulations. In many cases, County services are
restricted by federal and state laws to those individuals and families who are legally present in
the United States. This includes housing assistance programs, Medicaid funded health care and
public assistance. Other services, primarily those necessary for the protection of life or safety
are provided in accordance with federal law to all residents, regardless of immigration status. A
final group of services is provided countywide, available to all residents of the County and for
which a legal status determination is not made. These services are necessary to support the
outstanding quality of life in our community and include recreational and cultural opportunities,
as well as those services used by the general public, such as library and transportation services.
There are no reliable estimates of the number of immigrants living in Fairfax County illegally
and there are ho reliable methodologies for creating such an estimate. Some experts in the field
have developed complex models that attempt to estimate immigrants by status but these models
are unable to identify illegal residents as a unique category. There is no data available to
separate immigrants who live in the United States illegally from those with federal temporary
protected status (TPS). Immigrants who have temporary protected status are legal residents. For
these reasons, staff does not have an estimate of the number of undocumented immigrants in
Fairfax County (see Attachment A for more information).
.
Federal law generally regulates the provision of certain local services depending on legal status.
However, the County is not responsible for nor presently staffed to enforce federal laws as they
relate to immigration violations. Where so required, the County inquires about legal status and
requires documentation confirming eligible immigration status prior to the provision of specified
sendees. In other cases, County staff does not require legal status documentation or information.
A summary of applicable federal legislation and state legislative action are provided below.
Board of Supervisors
Fairfax County Services to Undocumented Immigrants
Page 2 of 6
Federal Legislation and Regulation
Pursuant to 8 U.S.C. 1621 and other federal laws, those persons without citizenship or legal
status in the United States are generally ineligible for certain state and local public benefits
regardless of the source of the funding. Such benefits include retirement, welfare, health,
disability, public or assisted housing, postsecondary education, food stamp, and unemployment
benefits. However, federal law provides exceptions to ineligibility for certain state and local
health care benefits including:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Board of Supervisors
Fairfax County Services to Undocumented Immigrants
Page 3 of 6
including the impact on education, health care, law enforcement, local demands for services
and the economy. This Commission will also study the effect of federal immigration and
funding policies on the Commonwealth of Virginia. The Commission's work will end in
August 2009; an executive summary to the Governor and General Assembly is required by
January 9, 2008.
2. Illegal Immigration Task Force (subcommittee of the Virginia State Crime Commission
created in April 2007) - will review crimes committed by and against undocumented
immigrants in Virginia, the associated costs on Virginia's criminal justice system, and what
measures may effectively be taken at the state and local levels of government. The work of
this task force should be finished by the 2008 General Assembly session.
Fairfax County's Policies for Employment and Contracting
Regarding employment, procurement of contractors and service provision, Fairfax County has
and will continue to comply with all federal and state laws related to immigration.
The Personnel Regulations of Fairfax County, Chapter 5, require all new county employees to
display evidence of United States citizenship or in the case of non-citizens, evidence of
eligibility to work in the United States as required by law. This evidence includes Social
Security number validation and quarterly monitoring against the federal Social Security database
via the payroll process for citizens and display of an Immigration Form 1-9 (proof of legal
eligibility for United States employment) for non-citizen employees.
The Department of Purchasing and Supply Management's (DPSM) General Conditions and
Instructions to Bidders, state that all solicitations issued by DPSM are subject to all state and
local laws, policies, resolutions and regulations, as well as all accepted rules, regulations and
limitations imposed by legislation of the federal government. For example, all vendors ^
conducting business in the County are required to have a W-9 with a valid tax identification
number. All foreign corporations conducting business in the County are required to comply with
section 13.1-757 of the Code of Virginia and obtain a certificate of authority from the State
Corporation Commission. In addition, all firms conducting business in the County are required
to comply with Chapter 4, Article 7, of the Code of the County of Fairfax, Virginia, and obtain
Business, Professional and Occupational Licenses, (BPOL) if applicable. However, the BPOL
license is a revenue and not a regulatory license.
Fairfax County's Cost of Direct Service Provision to Undocumented Immigrants
This cost estimate is limited to the cost for direct County services provided to undocumented
immigrants when it can be determined. Costs associated with educating undocumented
immigrants in Fairfax County Public Schools are not included since a local school board or
governing body cannot deny them a public education according to the United States Supreme
Court ruling in Plyler v. Doe 457 U.S. 202 (1982). In addition, staff also excluded costs
associated with intake and informational services, as well as internal operating agencies, since
those costs are considered to be part of the County's general operations.
Board of Supervisors
Fairfax County Services to Undocumented Immigrants
Page 4 of 6
There are three categories that help provide a framework for the cost estimate response:
There is federal guidance that exempts the County from denying services because of lack of
legal status, as noted above. In particular, this relates to specified programs, services, or
assistance determined to be necessary for the protection of life or safety. As a result, these
County services are provided regardless of legal status.
Where federal and/or state laws or regulations impose a legal presence requirement, County
staff asks for proof of legal status. If a customer/consumer cannot prove legal status, then
these County services are not provided.
Some services provided by the County that are considered necessary to maintain a quality of
life for County residents are provided to everyone, and such services do not target a
particular subset of the population (e.g., libraries, parks, public transit, public roads, and
recreation).
Using FY 2007 data, staff was able to identify a net cost of $3.8 million in known costs for direct
County services provided to undocumented immigrants by the Office of the Sheriff. This figure
includes offsetting revenue from the federal government for housing undocumented immigrants
in County jails (State Criminal Alien Assistance Program (SCAAP)).
For the Board's information, I have provided examples of the County services which fall under
each category:
1. Services related to the protection of life or safety that the County provides according to
federal law regardless of immigrant status.
A. Agencies with services whose costs are identifiable.
Program Description
Board of Supervisors
Fairfax County Services to Undocumented Immigrants
Page 5 of 6
B. Agencies with services related to the protection of life or safety whose costs are not
identifiable. This includes programs that do not track immigration status or do not track
costs based on immigration status.
__
Agency
Department of Family Services (all other services related to the protection of
life or safety not included in the section below)
Fairfax-Falls Church Community Services Board (all other services related to
the protection of life or safety not included in the section below)
Fire and Rescue Department
Health Department
Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court
Office of the Sheriff (all other services related to the protection of life or safety
not included above)
'
Police Department
2. Services for which the County must receive documentation or confirmation, as required by
law, of legal presence, citizenship, or right to work in order for the service to be provided.
Agency/Program
Department of Cable Communications and Consumer Protection
Consumer regulation and licensing office (i.e., licenses for taxicab drivers, door-to-door
solicitors and massage therapists)
_
Department of Family Services/Office for Children
Child Care Assistance and Referral Program
Department of Family Services/Self Sufficiency Division
Aid to Families with Dependent Children - IY-E Foster Care Program
.
Auxiliary Grants
.
Food Stamps
Food Stamp Employment and Training
General Relief
Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program
.
Family Access to Medical Insurance Security
Medicaid
Refugee Resettlement Program
Repatriate Assistance Program
State and Local Hospitalization
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
Virginia Initiative for Employment not Welfare (VIEW) program
Workforce Investment Act of 1998
_____
Board of Supervisors
Fairfax County Services to Undocumented Immigrants
Page 6 of 6
Board of Supervisors
Verdia Haywood, Deputy County Executive
Edward L. Long Jr., Deputy County Executive
David Molchany, Deputy County. Executive
Robert Stalzer, Deputy County Executive
Susan Datta, Director, Department of Management and Budget
David P. Bobzien, County Attorney
Attachments:
ATTACHMENT A
Methodologies for Estimating Immigrants by Status
Prepared by Department of Systems Management for Human Services
The following summarizes the reasons why it is not possible to provide a reliable estimate of
illegal immigrants in Fairfax County. Significant weaknesses in national and other estimates of
illegal immigration and unique factors in Fairfax County make already unreliable estimating
methodologies even less valid when applied to County demographics, '
o
We have identified no published estimates that attempt to estimate the number of illegal
immigrants as a specific unique category of persons specifically living in Fairfax County.
The US Census Bureau has indicated that they are attempting to develop a methodology for
estimating illegal immigration but have yet to be successful in producing estimates.
Attempts to estimate illegal immigrant populations begin with Census data that are sample
based estimates (either from the Current Population Survey or the Decennial Census long form
information) of immigrants by Country of birth and those who are naturalized citizens. Census
data do not include information on legal status of immigrants who are not citizens. Immigrants
with legal status are then estimated from federal data which are judged to be inexact at best.
The federal data are compared to the Census data and those persons counted by Census but not
counted in the federal data are assumed to be unauthorized migrants.
For National estimates sampling error and inexactness of federal data result in
estimates with wide margins of error.
The resulting estimates are unable to remove persons in certain legal statuses
such as Temporary Protected Status and others with legal status claims
pending. Therefore the national estimates of "illegal immigrants" are not even
that.
When these flawed estimating methods are applied to smaller geographies
(such as a city or county), the margins of error is significantly compounded,
/ of
Census data (CPS or Decennial Census) are used to estimate the entire immigrant population
based on place of birth. These data are adjusted to reflect that the Census undercounts
populations. Census data also are used to determine an estimate of immigrants who are
naturalized citizens. Census data provide no information on the legal status of immigrants who
are not citizens.
The federal data are compared to the Census data and those persons counted by Census but not
counted in the federal data are assumed to be unauthorized migrants (i.e. foreign-bom persons
who entered the U.S. through clandestine channels or individuals who overstayed the period on
their visa.). The result of this comparison is an assignment factor for groups based on age, sex,
period of entry, and country or region of birth. The assignment categories are 'naturalized
citizens,' 'legal permanent residents,' 'legal temporary residents,' and 'unauthorized migrants.'
National estimates using this methodology are not considered very exact and have very wide
margins of error. This is because sampling error is compounded by the inexactness of
immigration data and researchers caution that the national estimates should be used as overall
indicators rather than precise information.
Described below are some of the problems with the 'unauthorized migrant' assignment category.
IX
Fairfax County immigrants come from many nations and no single nation contributes a
dominant majority. Salvadorans, however, are one of the county's largest immigrant
populations, comprising a quarter of the county's immigrants from Latin America. Salvadorans
also are the immigrant group with the largest number of undocumented migrants who have
legal residency status under Temporary Protected Status.
National statistics suggest that Mexican immigrants comprise an estimated 56% of all
unauthorized migrants (PEW Hispanic Center). In Fairfax County there are only 5,465 persons
who are Mexican immigrants (includes all immigration statuses). This figure represents only
2% of the total immigrant population in the Fairfax County (2006 ACS).
Fairfax County immigrants are more likely to be U.S. citizens - 48% of Fairfax County's
foreign born population are citizens compared to 42% nationally (2006 ACS).
Fairfax County's immigrants have much higher levels of educational attainment- 48% of
,
Fairfax County's foreign born persons age 25 and older have a four-year college degree or
more education compared to 27% nationwide (2006 ACS). National studies show a correlation
between educational attainment and citizenship -those with higher levels of educational
attainment tend to pursue citizenship.
ATTACHMENT B
Summary by Agency Where Legal Status is Verified
Prior to Service Delivery
AGENCY
Administration for Human Services
Animal Shelter
Cable Communications and
Consumer Protection
Circuit Court
Civil Service Commission
Commonwealth's Attorney
Community and Recreation Services
County Attorney
County Executive
Economic Development Authority
Elections
Emergency Management
Equity Programs
Facilities Management
COMMENTS
No determination of legal status prior to provision of service.
However, for contracts that are administered by the agency
(e.g., Consolidated Community Funding Pool), bids on
solicitations issued by the Department of Purchasing and
Supply Management are subject to all state and local laws,
policies, resolutions and regulations, as well as all accepted
rules, regulations and limitations imposed by legislation of the
federal government.
No determination of legal status made prior to service
provision.
The Regulation and Licensing Branch (RALB) of the
Department of Cable Communications and Consumer
Protection registers or issues licenses or permits for solicitors,
massage establishments, massage therapists, pawnbrokers,
precious metal and gem dealers, non-profit solicitors, goingout-of-business sales, trespass tow operators, and taxicab
drivers. RALB staff determines the right to work of each
individual applicant. If the applicant is not a United States
citizen, the applicant must show an original Social Security
card and an original Employment Authorization Document
(EAD) In addition, documentation for individual licensure
requires Virginia or other licenses depending on requirements.
For example, individuals applying for taxicab license must
have a valid driver's license and tow truck operators and tow
truck drivers must be licensed by Virginia.
No determination of legal status prior to provision of service.
Internal service agency.
Provides services to County
employees only.
No determination of legal status prior to service provision.
No determination of legal status prior to service provision.
Internal service agency.
No determination of legal status made prior to service
provision.
No determination of legal status made prior to service
provision.
The Office of Elections provides services only to citizens of
the United States. Applicants for voter registration sign an
oath under penalty of law that they are U.S. citizens, but no
verification of the statement takes place. All other activities
and services are provided only to those citizens who have
completed the registration process.
No determination of legal status made prior to service
provision.
No determination of legal status made prior to service
provision.
.
Internal service agency.
4 OF f 5-.
AGENCY
FFX-FC Community Services Board
Family Services
Finance
COMMENTS
No determination of legal status made prior to service
provision except in services requiring Medicaid eligibility.
Some programs, primarily financed with Federal funding
require verification of legal status as outline in memo. For
other services, no determination of legal status is made prior to
service provision.
Apart from County personnel actions under the direction of
DHR, DOF has no direct customer interaction that reflects or
.reveals their status as to citizenship or legal residency.
Individuals who receive payments that are reportable for
Federal income tax purposes provide to DOF (through the
agency that contracts with them) a Federal taxpayer
identification number. DOF matches these numbers against a
Federal database. Where the name and number match those
on file with the Social Security Administration, there is
implied validation of the individual's legal residency. This is
not a reliable implication; individuals who hold a valid
number but who have stayed beyond their authorized period of
residency would not be detected in this match.
Individuals who do not provide a number that can be matched
are not eligible for payments from the County, not as a matter
of policy, but as a practical matter in terms of the County's
compliance with Federal law regarding tax reporting. The
County does not have the ability to further match the identity
or legal residency of non-County employees with whom we
interact.
...
Internal service agency.
The FRD does not require nor request confirmation of legal
status as a condition of services provided.
No determination of legal status prior to service provision.
No verification of legal status required prior to service
provision. In the cases
permitting, (e.g., swimming pools,
mobile food vans) individuals or owners must already have
received a business license to operate from another entity.
All FCRHA housing programs comply with the federal "Alien
Regulations" implemented in 1995 by HUD: fo be eligible to
receive benefits in a federally assisted housing program^ each
family member must be a citizen, national, or a non-citizen
who has eligible immigration status under one of the
categories set forth in Section 214 of the Housing and
Community Development Act of 1980 (see 42 U.S.C.
I436a(a)). Therefore, a signed declaration of U.S. citizenship,
or proof of eligible immigration status, must be provided for
each household member when the family's application reaches
the top of the waiting list and eligibility for the program is
determined.
of
S OF I%
AGENCY
COMMENTS
Human Resources
Human Rights
Information Technology
Internal Audit
Juvenile and Domestic Relations
Court
Library
Park Authority
Partnerships
d p o f - 1L
AGENCY
Purchasing and Supply Management
COMMENTS
The County's contract language does not specifically address
the immigration status of contractor personnel, nor does it
require proof of license or incorporation aside from County
BPOL, if applicable and a W-9 with a valid tax identification
number in order to establish a vendor in our system for
payment. The County does have a requirement for a
certificate of authority for doing business in the
Commonwealth. All County contracts require compliance
with all Federal, State and Local laws and regulations. Below
are examples of standard clauses included in all contracts:
Subject to all State and local laws, policies, resolutions, and
regulations and all accepted rules, regulations and limitations
imposed by legislation of the Federal Government, bids on all
solicitations issued by the Department of Purchasing and
Supply Management will bind bidders to applicable conditions
and requirements herein set forth unless otherwise specified in
the solicitation.
.
All firms doing business in Fairfax County, shall obtain a
license as required by Chapter 4, Article 7, of The Code of the
County of Fairfax, Virginia, as amended, entitled "Business,
Professional and Occupational Licensing (BPOL) Tax."
Retirement systems
Sheriff
Systems Management for Human
Services
*7 of J3-
AGENCY
COMMENTS
Tax Administration
Tax
Relief
for
the
Elderly
and
Disabled: Detailed documentation identifying income and
Transportation
Vehicle Services
? Of
I^
ATTACHMENT C
COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
COUNTY OF FAIRFAX
BOARD OF SUPERVISORS
FAIRFAX, VIRGINIA 22035
MICHAEL R. FREY
SULLY DISTRICT
SUPERVISOR
SULLY PLANTATION
TO:
Anthony Griffin
County Executive
FROM:
Michael R. Frey
Sully District Supe
DATE: .
Page Two
July 18, 2007
10
\p-
Page 1 of 2
I don't know where you stand with respect to illegal immigration, but I have learned a lot
from the recent events in neighboring Prince William County. Unless you already have
the facts at hand, it would seem prudent to evaluate the cost that illegal immigrants are
having on Fairfax County,
Specifically, can you tell me the following?:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
I ! *( I X
PAGE: 0 02 OF 002
Page 2 of 2
Supervisor Michael Frey
8.
What amount of money is spent in Fairfax County public schools for t ranslators
and special language instruction in connection with children who reside in the
U.S. illegally or whose parents reside here illegally?
When these questions were answered in Prince William County, the answers were
astonishing. The cost to the county was overwhelming, it would seem prudent to
evaluate the cost of illegal immigration to Fairfax County and react accordingly.
Specifically, I would like to see explicit legislation that would make legal residency a
prerequisite for the use or receipt of Fairfax County services and facilities.
I have a big problem with my tax dollars being spent for people that are not supposed to
be here In the first place. By the way, those people aren't paying taxes. And I think
there is merit to having local governments pressure the federal government into
handling the immigration problem.
Mr. Frey, do you agree that, it would be worthwhile to assess the cost of illegal
immigration to Fairfax County? Or do you think it's better to have the tax-paying
citizens of the county simpiy absorb the cost associated with any person that comes into
the U.S. and then into Fairfax County illegally?