Nomen: ____________________________

Hodie est: ___________________________

Declension/Conjugation SheetLesson 23.1-2

tribunus, tribuni

declension _________

gender: _____

singular

meaning: ________________

plural

Nom
Gen
Dat
Acc

Abl

*__________________________________________________________________________________
With what word is tribunus, i usually used:___________________. Of the two words, which one declines
according to its part of speech in a sentence:_________________________. The second word is always in what
case?__________________________.
Conjugate these verbs in the tense asked for:
pugno, pugnare, Imperfect Subjunctive

venio, venire, Present Subjunctive

sum, esse, both Present & Imperfect Subjunctive

Exercise 256

Nmen: ____________________________
Hodie est: ___________________________

1.

Caesar legins novs et integrs saepe exspectvit ut hosts facile vinceret. _______________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

2.

Gall oppidum vall alto et foss lata mnvrunt n Rmn id expugnrent. _______________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

3.

Lgtus centurins et tribns mlitum appellvit ut fortiter et di pugnrent. ______________________

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

4.

Dxitne Hannibal omns cpis trns lta flmina et per monts alts ut cum Rmns in Itali bellum
gereret? ______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

5.

Jss Chrstus, De Flius, in mundum vnit ut vtam et saltem nbs daret. ________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

6.

Gall saepe lgts in castra Caesaris msrunt ut pcem et amcitiam peterent. _____________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

7.

Concilium saepe b impertribus voctur ut d r grav in concili agant. _________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

8.

Dux legtis praemia dedit ut cnsilium laudrent. _____________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 257

Nmen: _____________________________________
Hodie est:___________________________________

1.

They fought in order to conquer. ________________________________________________________________________

2.

They assaulted the town in order to take it (by storm). ____________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3.

They seized the bridge to burn it. _______________________________________________________________________

4.

They came to hear the plan. _____________________________________________________________________________

5.

They came to see Rome. __________________________________________________________________________________

6.

They prayed in order to be good. _______________________________________________________________________

7.

They fortify the town lest the enemy storm it. _______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8.

They warned the chief in order to spare his life. _____________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9.

He waged war in order to seize the royal power. ____________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10. They are yielding lest there be a slaughter. ____________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
11. They stationed horsemen to defend the hill. __________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
12. They handed over the arms in order to preserve peace. ____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
13. They prepared arms in order to wage war. ___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
14. The chiefs were dismissed lest the tribes wage war. _________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
15. He came to kill the king. __________________________________________________________________________________
16. The soldiers were drawn up to defend the city. ______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
17. He waited for Caesar in order to conquer the enemy. _______________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
18. He came to seek peace. ___________________________________________________________________________________
19. They assembled to hear the speech. _____________________________________________________________________
20. He remained to wait for the chief. ______________________________________________________________________

Exercise 258

Nmen: ____________________________
Hodie est: ___________________________

1.

The Romans fortified the camp with a wide ditch lest the enemy should easily take it (by storm). _______
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

2.

Caesar, in the council, often strengthened the courage of the lieutenants and military tribunes in order that
they might fight bravely. ________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

3.

They fought bitterly lest the enemy storm the town. ___________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

4.

After a war, were the chiefs and leaders of the enemy often killed by Caesar? _______________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

5.

The lieutenant held the soldiers in the camp lest the enemy should see the plans. ____________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

6.

Caesar stationed soldiers on the bridge lest the enemy should come across the wide river. _____________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 259 Review: Lessons 23.1, 2

1.

Name the primary and secondary tenses of the indicative._________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.

Give the rule for the Ablative of Means. ________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Reading #13

De Fratrum Fortium Morte

In hoc1 proelio multi equites occisi sunt; in2 eis vir fortis et nobilis, Piso Aquitanus.
Is amicus erat populi Romani. Ejus frater in proelio vulneratus 3 erat et ab hostibus
premebatur. Non erat spes salutis. Piso id vidit; vidit fratrem; vidit hostes. Tamen
in hostes contendit ut fratrem adjuvaret. Ab hostibus autem circumventus 4 est atque
occisus est.

Tum frater Pisonis morte ejus vehementer motus est et in hostes

contendit. Acriter pugnavit; tamen is etiam ab hostibus occisus est. Ita occisi sunt
frates fortes et boni. Laudamusne eos?
Answer in English
1.

Quis fuit Piso Aquitanus? _________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2.

Quis ab hostibus premebatur? _____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3.

Quis in hostes contendit? _________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4.

Cur in hostes se misit? ___________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5.

Estne Piso Aquitanus occisus? _____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6.

Estne frater ejus occisus? _________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

Nomen: ____________________________

Hodie est: ___________________________

Declension/Conjugation SheetLesson 23.3

Give the gender, declension and meaning for each noun along with any additional information asked for.
Decline each noun and translated the starred box.
labor, laboris

declension _________

gender: _____

singular

meaning: ________________

plural

Nom
Gen
Dat
Acc

Abl

*__________________________________________________________________________________
ordo, ordinis, m.

declension _________

gender: _____

singular

meaning: ________________

plural

Nom
Gen
Dat
Acc

Abl

*__________________________________________________________________________________
What gender rule is ordo, ordinis an exception to?________________________
What 3 words must be present with obses, obsidis to form the idiom exchange hostages: ________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
obses, obsidis, c.

declension _________

gender: _______

singular

meaning: ________________

plural

Nom
Gen

Dat
Acc
Abl
* _______________________________________________________________________________________
What gender will we be using obses, obsidis in our work?___________________________________

Exercise 260

Nmen: ____________________________
Datum: _____________________________

1.

Laudaturne Deus b omnibus sanctis? ______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

2.

Gall saepe obsids inter s dedrunt ut pcem confirmarent. ____________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

3.

Forts propter metum nn cedunt. _________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

4.

Caesar, vir fortis, omnia fortiter git. _______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

5.

Caesar multa bella gessit ut impertor et prnceps esset. ________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

6.

Adjuvatne Deus forts? _________________________________________________________________

7.

Nostr fortiter et criter semper pugnant ut lberam cvittem nostram conservent. ___________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

8.

Forts fortna aduvat. (a Roman proverb) ___________________________________________________

9.

Nostr cesserunt n magna caeds esset. ____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

10.

Omnia virtte ag ut bonus servus Chrst sim. _______________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

11.

Lgtus in agrs statim contendit n long a proelio abesset. ____________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

12.

Snct labores gravs propter Chrstum sustinent. _____________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

13.

Hosts equits in aciem statim msrunt ut ordines nostrorum perturbarent. ________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

14.

Prncips obsids inter s dabant ut px in Galli esset. ________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

15.

Prncips Galliae semper inter s d imperi omnis Galliae contendebant. _________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

16.

Erat iter et difficile et angustum inter monts et flmen. ________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

17.

Ducs inter s in concili d r grav agunt. _________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 261

Nmen: ____________________________
Datum: _____________________________

1.

Meanwhile cavalry were sent by the general into the territory of the enemy to find out their plans. ______
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

2.

The Romans often fortified the camp with a wall lest the Gauls take it (by storm). ___________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

3.

The Gauls strenghened peace by means of hostages. ___________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

4.

Cavalry were immediately sent against the enemy in order to disturb their ranks. ____________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

5.

They often exchanged hostages that they might preserve peace and friendship. ______________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

6.

A council assembled in the town at once in order that the chiefs might treat among themselves about peace
and war. _____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 262 Review Lesson 23.3

1.

What s the rule for the Ablative of Association? _____________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

2.

What s the rule for the Ablative of Agent? __________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

3.

Name the Primary tenses of the Indicative: __________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

Answer the questions on the following page.

Reading 14

De Obsidibus
Galli obsides inter se saepe dederunt ut amicitiam et pacem confirmarent. Itaque per
obsides ami-citia confirmata est atque ita pax in Gallia est confirmata. Galli saepe
obsides etiam Romanis dederunt ut fidem confirmarent. Romani autem obsides
Gallis non dederunt, nam omnis Galliae imperii cupidi, gentes Galliae armis et
virtute vicerant. Itaque Galli Romanos timebant et cum eis bella saepe gesserunt ne
obsides eis darent.
Obsides autem pueri et viri et matres et patres erant. Saepe etiam erant filii
principum et regum Gallorum. Liberi autem non erant obsides. Eos enim Romani
in castris et hibernis et oppidis tenebant ut propter eorum salutem Galli pacem
servarent. Itaque obsides saepe miseri erant. Nam, si1 post pacem Galli bellum cum
Romanis gesserunt, Romani omnes eorum obsides occidebant ut postea2 Galli
propter metum fidem servarent. Ita Galli caede obsidum saepe territi sunt et bellum
cum Romanis saepe non gesserunt ut obsidum vitas conservarent.

1.

Cur Galli inter se obsides dederunt?________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

2.

Cur Galli Romanis obsides dabant? ________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

3.

Erantne obsides liberi? __________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

4.

Ubi tenebantur obsides a Romanis? ________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

5.

Erantne obsides saepe miseri? Cur? _______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________