BRINJAL

(Solanum melongena L.)

It is one of the most common vegetables grown throughout the Country. This
can be grown successfully under the climatic conditions prevailing in South
India and the Deccan Plateau. It comes up well even in hilly regions where the
temperature do not come down below 5 C. In Andhra Pradesh it is cultivated
in an Area of 3000 hectares with annual production of 84,430 tons. It is rich in
Vitamin A and B.

Seasons

It can be grown inplains throughout the year but rabi season is the best.

Rainy Season - June - July

Winter Season - October - November
Summer Season - February - March

SOILS

A well drained soil with medium to high fertility is best suited.

Varieties

BHAGMATI
It was released by APAU. It is freely branching , erect type compact in habit.
The emerging leaves are Purple in color , with slightly purple stem. Fairly
resistant to fruit borer and little leaf virus. Fruits are borne in clusters of 3-6 ,
deep purple with oblong shape and without spines. It comes to harvest in
about 45-50 Days after planting. Duration of the crop is 140-160 days. This
variety withstands better for drought. Also performs better in upland rainfed
cultivation. Yields range from 30-35 tons/ha.

PUSA PURPLE CLUSTER

Crop comes to harvest in 65-75 days, tall, erect, compact habit. Leaves and
stem are purple. Fruits borne in clusters of 3-6 fruits deep pirple oval shape,
10-12 cm long. Heavy yielder 30-40 tons/ha. Resistant to bacterial wilt.
Duration is 135-140 days.

PUSA PURPLE LONG

It is an early variety. Comes to harvest in about 45 days after planting . Semi

erect habit, medium height, leaves and stem are green in colour, spines are
absent. The leaves are with cut edges. Fruits long, purple, glossy, 25-30 cm
long.

PUSA PURPLE ROUND

Tall, erect, and sturdy in habit. Leaves and stems are dark green colour and
without spines. Leaves are with entire margin. Fruits round weighing 130-
150gm purple glossy, smooth and large. Resistant to litle leaf disease; 135-
150 days duration ; yields moderate i.e., 20-25 tons/ha.

PUSA KRANTI

Tall, vigorous and sturdy in habit, leaves and stem are mild green. Spines are
absent . Fruits oblong purple with shining gloomy appearance with attractive
green calyx. Fruits are borne in singles, medium to large in size heavy yielder
35-40 tons/ha. Duration is 135-150 days .

ARKA SHEEL

The fruits are medium long tender and possess an attractive deep purple skin
colour. The fruit contains more edible flesh and less number of seeds. It is a
very high yielding and produces on an average 394q/ha in 110 to 120 days
after tranplanting.

ARKA KUSUMAKAR

The fruits are small finger shaped and light green in color. The fruits are borne
in clusters of 5-7. It is a very high yielding and dwarf plant bears about 70-75
fruits per plant with an average yield of 397 q/ha in about 110 to 120 days
after transplanting.

Seeds and Sowing

650 g/ha or nursery of 25-30 beds of the size 1x4 m would be adequate to
transplant one hectare. The seedlings with 3-4 leaves which are approximately
30-35 days old should be transplanted with a spacing of 50x50cm. Or
75x50cm.

Plant Protection

Name of the
Symptoms of damage Control measures
Pests/Diseases
PESTS Both adults and grubs
skeletonize the leaves Spray of Malathion 0.16%
Epilachana beetles which present a lace like @ 3 ml per water of Methyl
(Akshintala Purugu) appearance. These leaves parathion 0.03% @ 1ml per
octopunctata dry up and plant presents lit.of water. @ 1ml per lit.of
E.dodecastigma an unhealthy appearance. water.
Brijal shoot and fruit In nursery no damage is 3 sprayingsof Carbaryl
Borer(Muvva Mariyu done by this tranplanted 50% w.p.2.5 g or
 seedlings. They wither Monocrotophos @ 1.25 ml
and tranplanted seedlings. per lit of Water .A safe
They wither and droop. At period of 10 days should
Kaya Toluchu Purugu)
fruiting stage fruits are Water .A safe period of 10
Leucinodes orbonalis
bored. They form days should Be maintained
galleries. They form between spraying and
galleries. Harvest.
Malathion 0.15% @ 3 ml/lit
Brinjal mealy bug Stunted growth of plant.
of water Or
(pindi Purugu) Plants appear as though
Monocrotophaos @ 0.4%
Centrococcus insolitus covered with white wash.
1.25 ml lit of water.
Leaves present a Spray Wettable Sulphur @
Brinjal mite
blotching appearance, 3 to 5 g/lit or Dicofol @ 2.7
(Doma)
become whitish and ml/lit of water or dust.
Tetranychus telarius
brown patches develop. Sulphur @ 20 to 25 kg/ha.
Scattered dark brown
spots on leaflets showing
DISEASES concentric rings may
cover large areas of the Spray with Bordeaux
Early blight leaf blade. Severely mixture 5:5:50 or Zineb
(Akumadu Tegulu) affected leaves may drop 0.25%.
Alternaria solani off. The infected fruits turn
yellow and drop off
Prematurely.
Affected plants produce
tiny leaves, which are pale
Little leaf green in color. Plants
Rouge out diseased plants.
(Verri Tegulu) become bushy due to
Spray any insecticide to
Mycoplasma like stimulation of axillary buds
control the vector.
Organisms in to numerous shoots of
small leaves . Flowers are
virescent and Sterile.
Infected plants show
malformation and
yellowing of leaves,
stunted growth and some Rouge out diseased plants.
Mosaic Virus (Virus
times show concentric Spray insecticides to
Tegulu)
rings on the leaf lamina. control the vector.
Infected plants bear less
number of flowers and
fruits.

Manures and Fertilizers

A basal dressing of 60kg of p2o5 and k2o are to be applied/ha in the last
ploughing. Application of farmyard manure upto 25 tons/ha is desirable. 100kg
of Nitrogen per hectare is to be applied in three split doses at 30th, 60th and
75th day after planting.

Interculture
Weeding, Hoeing and earthing up is to be done along with fertilization.

Irrigation

The crop requires adequate moisture during the first 70 days . It can withstand
drought later to some extent and still revivie upon the soil moisture. In summer
interval of 4-5 days and in winter 7-10 days.

Harvesting

The harvesting starts from 50th day onwards and continues for 50 days in the
first phase and a second phase can be obtained after 20-25 days if adequate
nutrition and irrigation are provided. The crop can be removed after 110 days
if the 2nd flush is not desired, otherwise it can be retained for 150-160 days.

The size of the fruit reduces during the summer. The calyx is purple blue and
is soft and edible too. During summer the calyx tends to become green.