ΣΥΝΔΥΑΣΤΙΚΗ

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thanasiskopadis.blogspot.com
[1]

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.
,

.

: , ,
.
1)
()
:
1

4 : ,,,
3 : ,,
) ;
) 2 ;
) :
4+3=7 ( , , , , , )
) :
43=12 (
, , , , , , , , , , )
[2]
,
.

, .
- 1
1 , 2 2 ,..,
, 12..
-.
2
0,1,2,3,4,5 6,
;
6 ,
1,2,3,4,5 6. 7 ,
7 0,1,2,3,4,5 6.
67=42 .
1)
.
,
;
2)
n! = 1 2 3 n
3!= 1 2 3 = 6 , 4!=24, 1!=1. 0!=1
, .

7! 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
=
= 67
5!
1 2 3 4 5
n
, :
k
[3]
n
n!
=
k k!(n - k)!
7
7!
=
3 3!4!

7
7!
567 567
=
=
=
= 35
3!
1 2 3
3 3!4!
7
7!
=

3 3!4!
n
n

.
k
n -k
7
.
4
, k 0,1, n n-1,

n
= 1,
0
n
= 1,
n
n
=n,
1
=n
n -1
( )
nk
n!
: nk =
, n k
(n k)!
3
)
(n 1)(n 1)!
(n + 1)!
) : n!+ (n + 1)!+ (n + 2)! = n!(n + 2) 2
) (n + 1)! = 1 2 3 (n 1) n (n + 1) = (n 1)!n(n + 1)
:
(n 1)(n 1)! (n 1)(n 1)!

(n 1)
=
=
(n + 1)!
(n 1)!n(n + 1) n(n + 1)
[4]
) n!+ (n + 1)!+ (n + 2)! = n!+ n!(n + 1) + n!(n + 1)(n + 2) =
= n![1 + (n + 1) + (n + 1)(n + 2)] =

= n![ (n + 2) + (n + 1)(n + 2) ] =
= n!(n + 2)(1 + n + 1) = n!(n + 2) 2
4
n 1 n 1 n
:
+
= , n k+1 , n
k k 1 k
:
n 1 n 1
(n 1)!
(n 1)!
+
=
+
=
k k 1 k!(n 1 k)! (k 1)!(n k)!
(n 1)!
(n 1)!
=
+
=
(k 1)!k(n 1 k)! (k 1)!(n k 1)!(n k)
(n 1)!
1
1
=
+
=
(k 1)!(n k 1)! k n k
n
(n 1)!
n
n!
=
=
=
(k 1)!(n k 1)! k(n k) k!(n k)! k
5
: 2n2 + 50 = 2n2
n 2 2n 2 n 1 . n 2
:
2n2 + 50 = 2n
2 2
n!
(2n)!
+ 50 =
(n 2)!
(2n 2)!
(n 2)!(n 1)n
(2n 2)!(2n 1)2n
+ 50 =
2(n 1)n + 50 = (2n 1)2n
(n 2)!
(2n 2)!
2n 2 2n + 50 = 4n 2 2n 2n 2 = 50 n 2 = 25 n = 5 , n 2
[5]
2) :
)
n!
(n 1)!
(n + 1)!
(n 1)!(n + 1)
(n 3)!(n + 1)!
n!(n 2)!
3) n , :
n n
) =
5 3
) n! = 6(n 3)!
) n4 = 2n3
n
n
4) 10 = 21 ,
5
3
n
, n
6
5) n , m n m + 1 , :
n
n 1
m = n
m
m 1
n
6) = 10 nm = 60 , n m.
m
3)
n a1 , a 2 ,...., a n ,
.
, a,b,c ,
:
(a,b,c) , (a,c,b) , (b,a,c) , (b,c,a) , (c,a,b) (c,b,a)
n

n n ,
: n = 1 2 3 n , n = n!
[6]
6
;

7 , , , , , , .
7 , 7!=1234567=5040.

7 ,
7 .
6
, 6 .
5 , 4 ,
3 , 2 1 (
).
,
7654321=5040.
7
14 .
) .
) 14 : 5 , 4 , 3
2 , ,
.
) 14 ,
14 , 14!
.
) 4
4 , 4!=24 .
5 5!=120
, 4 4!=24 , 3 3!=6 2
2!=2 .
14 , ,
241202462=829.440 ,
.
[7]
7) ) .
) .
. :
:
:
8) ) 6
6 , 3 ,,
.
) ,
.
9)
1 , 2 , 4 7 ,
.
.
10) 180 180

. .
4)
n . n k (k n)
k
.
, = {a, b, c} , 3
2 , :
{a, b} , {b, a} , {a, c} ,{c, a} , {b, c} ,{c, b}

n k
.
n k nk
n!
: nk =
, k n
(n k)!
n=k , :
[8]
nn =
n!
n! n!
= = = n! = M n
(n n)! 0! 1
n n n
.
8
15
. 3 .

15 3.
15!
15! 12!13 14 15
153 =
=
=
= 13 14 15 = 2730
(15 3)! 12!
12!

15 ,
15 .
14 ,
13 . ,
151413=2730
9

1 , 2 , 3 , 4 5.
. :
) :
) : 1
()
. 3
5 .
() = 53 =
5!
5!
= = 3 4 5 = 60
(5 3)! 2!
) 1 2 3 .
[9]
3 , 2
( 2 4).
1 2 4
4!
4!
2 , 42 =
= = 12
(4 2)! 2!
,
()=212=24
() =
() 24 2
=
=
() 60 5
)
1. 1 2 3
2 3 2 4
4!
4!
{2,3, 4,5} 42 =
= = 12 .
(4 2)! 2!
()=12 , () =
() 12 1
=
=
() 60 5
11) )
0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 5;
)
.
i) A:
ii) :
12) 7 3 4
. 3
. , .

) :
) :
13) 5 ;
[10]
5.
n k k
n , k .
n k nk
: nk = n k
10
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 5

3 = {1, 2,3, 4,5} ,
3 .
5 3 ,
53 = 53 = 125

5 (
) , , ,
555=125
11
20 .
( 365 ).

:

:

.
,
20
365 20 , () = 365
20 = 365
[11]

365!
365!
365 20 , () = 365
=
20 =
(365 20)! 345!
365!
() 345!
365!
365!
() =
=
=
() = 1 () = 1
20
20
() 365
345!365
345!36520
( 0,41 , 41%
, 20 , 2 .
40
90% , 75 100%)
14) 3 , 3
.
15) 10
:
.
.
16) 4 7 .
( 1 ).
.
6.
n k
k .
n k n k
n k
, ,

n
n k
k
n
n!
=
k k!(n k)!
[12]
12
15 ;
4 ,
15
15
15!
15! 11!12 13 14 15
4 , : =
=
=
= 1365
24 11!
4 4!(15 4)! 4!11!
13
9 3 , 1
4 , 2 3 3 2 .
.
1 9
9
9!
9!
4 =
=
= 126
4 4!(9 4)! 4!5!
5 3 2 .
5
5!
5!
=
=
= 10 .
3 3!(5 3)! 3!2!
2 3 ,
.
, , 3
126101=1260 .
14
10 1 ,
2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 10. 4 .

) : 1
) : 2
()
.
[13]
4 10
10
10!
10!
10 4 , () = =
=
= 210
4 4!(10 4)! 4!6!
) () ,
:
1 ,
1 .
3 9
9
9
9!
9!
3 , =
=
= 84
3 3!(9 3)! 3!6!
()=184=84 () =
() 84 2
=
=
() 210 5
) , ()
.
2 , 4
9
9 4.
9
9!
9!
() 126 3
() = =
=
=
=
= 126 () =
() 210 5
4 4!(9 4)! 4!5!
15
(6 49) 4
.
: 4
()
. ,
49 6 ,
49
49!
49! 43! 44 45 46 47 48 49
() = =
=
=
= 13983816
6!43!
6 6!(49 6)! 6!43!
:
4 6
6
6!
6 =
= 15 .
4 4!2!
[14]
2 43
43 43! 41! 42 43
=
=
= 903 .
2!41!
2 2!41!
, ()
()=15903=13545
() =
()
13545
=
= 0, 000969
() 13983816
17) 12 14 .
)
) :
i) 3
ii) 3
iii) 3
) 6
.
18) 20 , 4 .
3 .
) : 3
) :
) :
19) 10 (6 49) ,
:
) 6
) 5
) 4
[15]
20) (6 49) ,

) :
) :
21) (6 49) 5
;
7)
) k n ,
.

.

.
. ,
;
.
k n ( )
n . k
n!
; nk =
(k n )
(n k)!
, 10 4

1 10 ( 10 )
2 9 ( 9 )
[16]
3 8
4 7
10 9 8 7 ,
10!

6!
.
k n ( )
n . k
n
n!
; =
(k n )
k k!(n k)!
2 , , , , .
5 5! 4 5
=
=
= 10
2 2!3! 1 2
, 10 , , , , , , , , , .
, .
k n
, .
nk = n k
10 4,
.
1 10 ( 10 )
2 10 ( )
3 10
4 10
10 10 10 10 , 10 4
.
)
.
[17]
8.
16
100 1 , 2 , 3 ,, 100,
10 , (
,
, ,
..).
, 5.
()
.
, 100
100!
100!
10 , () = 100
=
10 =
(100 10)! 90!

: 5

: 5
() 99
99!
99!
( 5) 10 , () = 9910 =
=
(99 10)! 89!
99!
() 89!
99!90! 99!89!90
90
() =
=
=
=
=
= 0,9
() 100! 89!100! 89!99!100 100
90!
() = 1 () = 1 0,9 = 0,1
17
100 1 , 2 , 3 ,, 100,
10 , (
, ,
,
..).
, 5.
[18]

, , .
()
100 10 ,
() = 10010

: 5

: 5
() 99
( 5) 10 , () = 9910
10
() 9910 99
() =
=
=
() 10010 100
10
99
() = 1 () = 1
100
18
5 , 4 3 , 3
( ).
) :
) :
()
.
5+4+3=12 3 (
). 12
12
12!
12!
3 , () = =
=
= 220
3 3!(12 3)! 3!9!
) ,
3 3 3 .
5
5!
=
= 10
3 3!2!
4 4!
= 4
=
3 3!1!
[19]
3
= 1 .
3
() ()=10+4+1=15
( )
() =
() 15
3
=
=
() 220 44
) ,
1 , 1 1 .
5
= 5
1
4
= 4
1
3
= 3
1
, , ()
()=543=60 ( )
() =
() 60
3
=
=
() 220 11
19
12 4
.

12
12!
12!
1 =
=
= 220
3 3!(12 3)! 3!9!
9
9!
9!
2 =
=
= 84
3 3!(9 3)! 3!6!
6
6!
6!
3 =
=
= 20
3 3!(6 3)! 3!3!
3
4 = 1 .
3
[20]
, ,
( ).
,
4!=24
4 .

220 84 20 1
= 15400
24
20
3 10
.
2 .
()
. 13 3 ( )
13 3 ,
13
13!
13!
=
= 286
=
3 3!(13 3)! 3!10!

10
10!
10!
=
=
= 120
3 3!(10 3)! 3!7!
()=286-120=166

: 2
:
2 3
3 10
2 1 = 3 10 = 30
2 1
3
3 = 1
3
()=30+1=31 ( )
() =
( ) 31
=
() 166
[21]
9.
22) 20 10 (
) 7 . ,
,
)
)
)
23) 5 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5
7 , , , , , , ,
.
.
24) 5 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5
7 , , , , , , ,
5 .
.
25) ) 5 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5
5 , , , , ,
.
.
26) , , 7 ,
2 3 .
.
27) 10 ,
6 4 ;
28) 12
4 ;
29) 20 , , 5
. 3 .
.
[22]
30) 52 6.
2 4 . (
)
31) 5 0 , 1 , 2 ,
, 9.
.
32) , :
)
)
33) 10 1 , 2 , . , 10 .
)
) ,
12 . 10
34) , , ,
, , .
.
) :
) :
35) 3 0,5 , 5 1
10 2. 3
.
) : 3 2
) : 1 0,5 2 1
) : 3
36) 3 , 2 3
.
.
[23]
37) 6 3 .
3 .
:
38) 6 .
:
39) 14 . 9 5
.
) .
:
) 2 .
:
:
:
40)
) 7 7 ;
) 7 3 ;
41) 120 .
.
42) 25 3 .
,
)
)
43) ) 10
, ;
)
. 190 , ;
[24]
44)
) ;
)
, ;
45) 52 .
3 2 .
46) 7
52 , 3 4
.
47) 30 20 10
. 5
.
) :
) : 2
48) 7 10 .

) 2
)
) 4
49) 8
3 .
) 3
) 2 2 1
.
50) 200 20 . 10
. 10 ,
:
)
)
[25]

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:

) : n!+ (n + 1)!+ (n + 2)! = n!(n + 2) 2

(n 1)(n 1)! (n 1)(n 1)!

) n!+ (n + 1)!+ (n + 2)! = n!+ n!(n + 1) + n!(n + 1)(n + 2) =

= n![1 + (n + 1) + (n + 1)(n + 2)] =

10) 180 180

{a, b} , {b, a} , {a, c} ,{c, a} , {b, c} ,{c, b}

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