Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Rapier
Combat
Handbook
Since there have been no previous editions of this handbook to base anything on,
everything written up here is basically new. Any errors are completely mine, since I wrote pretty
much everything herein presented. Please point out any errors to me so that they can be fixed in
future editions.
This handbook is intended to be printed out in three-ring binder format so that changes
can easily be made, and so that you can keep it in the same binder with a current copy of the
Kingdom Policies of Fence. It has intentionally been designed to change and hopefully grow.
More than five hundred fencing manuals were published between 1517 and 1884. The
1594 English translation of Giacomo di Grassis His True Arte of Defence, published initially in
1570 in Venice, is the oldest fencing manual in English to have survived. No biographical
information about di Grassi is known, but he was a contemporary Camillo Agrippa and Achille
Marozzo. The English translation, by I. G. Gentleman, is fairly accurate and includes poorquality copies of the Italian editions illustrations.
Some of the earliest schools of fence originated in Italy and Spain, with the Italians
progressing towards an uncomplicated style and the Spanish turning fencing into a complex and
mysterious science, requiring knowledge of geometry and philosophy. Italian masters like
Camillo Agrippa (who simplified Marozzos approach) and Ridolfo Capo Ferro developed
pragmatic approaches in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, introducing innovations such as
linear fencing and thrusting as the primary attack. The Spanish schools of fence, under such
masters as Caranza and Thibault (a French man who taught in the Spanish style), stayed
mysterious and was devoted more to defense than attack.
The early strength based forms, such as the English sword and buckler form, which
emphasized cuts, was overtaken by the newer thrust based styles of the Italians and Spanish, who
were using a long-bladed sword designed specifically for thrusting, i.e. a rapier. In fact, due to
the simplicity of their system, Italian fencing masters were greatly in demand throughout Europe
and in England. This started a controversy that raged for years between the masters of the old
schools, who still carried short-sword and buckler, and the new, often foreign, upstarts.
England was one of the last bastions of the cutting sword and their attitude towards this foreign
invasion was best summed up by George Silver in his 1599, Paradoxes of Defense.
Also of note was the German Marxbruder (Fraternity of St. Mark), which was possibly
the first organized nationalized approach to fencing. They established a university in Frankfurt
where aspiring students could go to earn degrees in arms.
The true origin of the rapier is clouded in contradictory statements made by a variety of
sources. The Germans and Italians both claim that they originated it. So, at various times, do the
French, the Spanish and even, oddly enough, the English. The same types of claims are made
about the origins of the tradition of dueling. At this point there is no way to clearly point to an
origin for either development.
Early in the 17th century, the rapier became dominant and thrusting was the supreme form
of attack. By the 18th century, the rapier had evolved into a simpler, shorter and lighter design
that was popularized as the small sword or the court sword. Its light weight resulted in increased
speed, and resulted in an almost completely linear fencing style. Although the small sword often
had an edge, it was usually to discourage the opponent from grabbing the blade and the weapon
was used exclusively for thrusting. The light weight made a more complex defensive style
possible, and the French masters developed a school based on subtlety of movement, doubletime parries and complex attacks. The French small sword school forms the basis for most of
modern fencing theory.
This is a very short list of some of the more significant (and vaguely available) historical
documents on the art of defense. It is by no means complete.
The foil is a practice weapon theoretically descended from the 18th century small sword,
or court sword. The foil has a thin, flexible blade with a rectangular cross-section and a small
bell guard. Traditional foil technique emphasizes strong defense and quick killing attacks to the
body. The total weight of an FIE legal foil ready for use is less than 500 grams, and has a
maximum total length of 110 cm. The blade is made of steel and is rectangular in cross-section.
The edges must be smooth and incapable of cutting. The blade is mounted with the widest
dimension placed horizontally. The foil blade should only have a smooth curve of less than 2 cm
in the center of the blade. A foil bell guard is a minimum of 9.5 cm and a maximum of 12 cm in
diameter. The foil blade is mounted in the center of the guard.
An epee is descended from the dueling swords of the mid-19th century. Epees have stiff
blades with triangular cross-sections and large bell guards. Traditional epee technique
emphasizes timing, point control and good counter attack. The total weight of an FIE legal foil
ready for use is not to exceed 770 grams and has a maximum total length of 110 cm. The blade
is made of steel and is triangular in cross-section. It should be as straight as possible, with less
than a 1 cm curve, located in the center of the blade. The guard must have a circular edge and a
maximum diameter of 13.5 cm, with a total depth of between 3.0 and 5.5 cm. Offset guards are
common, though the distance between the center of the guard and the point at which the blade
passes through the guard should not be more than 3.5 cm. Also available are so called doublewide epees or musketeer blades which are wider in the blade than the standard epee. There are
no FIE or manufacturers standards with regard to double-wides, and in the SCA, as long as they
meet Society flexibility standards, they are treated the same as any other epee.
Sabre is descended from the naval and cavalry swords of the 19th century and has a light
blade and curved knuckle guard. Sabre technique emphasizes speed, feints, and a strong offense.
Sabre blades are not legal, at the Society level, for use in the SCA. However, the sabre guard
may still be used. A standard sabre guard is made in one piece and should have a smooth,
continuous convex form, without holes.
The most common SCA schlger is actually the non-sharpened form of a live blade used
in German fencing fraternities. The word schlger is taken out of context in the SCA, but
basically it refers to a fairly stiff, blunt, oval cross-sectioned blade. Schlger blades are
approximately 34" in length, though they can be special ordered in lengths up to at least 45, and
blade width varies from 5/8" to 1/4" at the tip. There are also diamond cross-sectioned blades
called Del Tin blades which are legal for use in thelmearc. Schlaeger blades are heavier and
much harder to break than the other blade types, and unlike foils and epees, schlaegers have
distinct cutting edges and distinct flats. These characteristics make them very popular. There
are actually several different types of schlaeger blades now and you will want to keep track of
any new blade types approved at the Society and Kingdom level.
All weapons are composed of the following parts: a flexible steel blade with a point at its
forward extremity and a tang, the threaded section of the blade, at the rear. The hilt of the
weapon is composed of three sections; the guard which protects the sword hand, a grip or handle
which enables the fencer to hold the weapon, and the pommel or locking nut, which typically
screws onto the tang and secures the guard and the grip to the blade. The blade is divided into
two sections, the forte - the thicker half of the blade near the bell, and the foible - the thinner half
of the blade including the tip.
Grips There are a wide variety of grips available for foil and epee. These grips fall into two
broad categories, traditional and pistol. The pistol grip, a non-period invention also known as the
orthopedic grip, is illegal for SCA fencing unless you have a documented medical condition
requiring their use. There are three main varieties of traditional grips; French, Italian and
Spanish. All of these consist of a relatively simple handle, a large, exposed pommel and, in the
case of Spanish and Italian grips, crossbars or similar prongs for extra grip.
The French grip is the simplest of all fencing grips in construction, and the cheapest. It
emphasizes finger control over strength, and provides considerable flexibility, and a variety of
possible hand positions. It is the most common grip used by SCA fencers.
The Italian grip is noted for its strength, but is fairly rare, partially because it requires a
special tang on the blades that are used with it. It is the only modern ambidextrous fencing grip.
The Spanish grip is a compromise between the French and Italian grip, and is currently
illegal in modern FIE fencing, due to the perceived safety hazard of not being able to release the
weapon easily. Most of the commonly available Spanish grips are actually pistol grips and
therefore are not period and not legal for SCA use. Inquire about the nature of the grip before
purchasing one.
Guards Foil guards are circular and vary in diameter from approximately 9.5 to 12 cm across.
Epee guards are almost always 13.5 cm (the maximum FIE size) for the best protection, although
they can vary considerably in shape, depth (3 - 5.5 cm), weight, and eccentricity, or off
centeredness (up to 3.5 cm off center). Typically epee guards are round and bowl shaped,
protecting your hand more than a foil bell. Mini epee guards are also available from some
venders. Sabre guards can also be fitted for use on foils and epees, and come in left- or righthanded versions (the outside of the guard being larger).
Sabre guard
Epee guard
Blades There are a large number of variables to consider when shopping for blades, including
stiffness, length, durability, flex point, weight, balance, corrosion resistance and price.
Stiff blades provide better point control, and are better for cutting, but are less responsive
to quick flicks of the wrist. One way of testing the flexibility of a blade is to find its flex point,
the point in the blade where the curve ends. A flex point of less than 1/3 of the length from the
tip indicates a strong middle, but may also indicate a whippy or less durable foible (the upper,
weaker section of the blade). A lower flex point may make the blade feel spongy, slow or tipheavy, but may also indicate a stronger foible that is more durable and less easily parried. Some
brands of blades (e.g. Allstar) are sold in different flexibility grades. Blades that feel heavier in
the tip often provide better point control, while those which are lighter in the tip often make for
faster parries. For SCA use it is usually better to get a stiffer, stronger blade because of our
extensive use of cuts, but flexibility choices are completely personal and you may have to try
several different types of blade to find the ones best suited to your style.
Blades generally come in 5 sizes, with 5 being the longest (90cm for foil and epee) and
by far the most common. Obviously, shorter blades are somewhat lighter and have quicker
response times, but even the change of centimeter in length dramatically effects attack distance.
These shorter blades can be useful for children, fencers who prefer lighter blades, or those who
often provoke infighting, in which a long blade can be a liability. If you are using a non-standard
blade, you should inform your opponents.
Blades typically break at the flex point in the foible or at the tip. Another common mode
of failure is where the tang will snap at the base of the blade. Signals that a blade is about to
break are sharp bends or kinks in the middle of the blade, and S-bends in the foible, both of
which indicate serious metal fatigue. It is sometimes possible to train a kink or S-curve out of a
blade, but if the kink or S-curve is persistent the blade can no longer be used.
Maraging steel foil blades have a reputation for lasting considerably longer than regular
steel blades, and are supposed to break more cleanly. Many fencers find that their durability
offsets the higher blade cost, but these blades are specifically designed for modern electrical
fencing (they are mandatory in many high-level modern fencing competitions). They are often
extremely flexible and do not stand up well to SCA style fencing, sometimes being compared to
fencing with cooked spaghetti noodles. Caution should be exercised when purchasing them.
Stiffer maraging blades do exist, so careful questioning of different dealers may uncover the type
of blade you want.
Maraging epee blades are also available. Also of interest is a blade produced by Leon
Paul, a non-maraging FIE blade that is stamped from a sheet of steel, rather than forged whole.
These blades are generally very lightweight and flexible, and they usually fail by folding rather
than breaking.
There are two main varieties of schlager blade available: oval cross-sectioned blades
and diamond cross-sectioned blades (most commonly Del Tins but there are other types
available now as well). These blade come in lengths from about 34 to 45 or more. If you are
using a blade substantially longer than 34, you should inform your opponent. Blades shorter
than 34 are currently not permitted in thelmearc., but if you have a strong desire to use a short
blade and you find one that meets Society flexibility standards, you can always submit an
experimental weapons plan for its use. Unlike with foils and epees, period open guards and hilts
may be used with schlaeger blades as long as they present no sharp edges or hazardous
protrusions.
The length and thread of the tang is of importance; some blades are cut and threaded for
French or pistol grips only, and some blades with French grips require an extra fitting for the
thread. When ordering a blade, make sure that you specify they type of grip that you are using
and what threading you need. Italian grips also require a special tang, since part of it is exposed
in the hilt. The international standard tang threading is 6mm. Any blade ordered in Europe or
bought in Europe, unless a change is specified, will be threaded at 6mm. However, while metric
threading is standard, it is not universal, especially in the United States, where 12x24 threads are
still fairly common. Dies to re-thread the tang from 6mm to 12x24 can be found at most
hardware stores, but this problem can be avoided by keeping track of the type of threading your
grips and pommels require. If the tang must be cut to fit the grip, be very careful to leave enough
thread to screw the pommel nut on securely. Also, the top joint of the tang, where it fits through
the bell, often has to be filed down to fit into your grip.
Tangs are attached by an exterior pommel on traditional grips. Several pommel styles are
available from ornate to very plain. The pommel is also threaded 6mm or 12x24, so make sure
any new equipment you order has the right threads. A 12x24 can be re-threaded to a 6mm using
a tap, but you cant go the other way around.
Many foil and epee fencers prefer a bend at the join of the tang and blade, so that the
blade points slightly inside when held in sixte (see glossary). It is also possible to put this bend
into the forte instead, if the fencer is left handed or it is preferred. Some blades come pre-bent,
and you should ask your distributor if this is an option or a concern.
A gentle curve in the foible of the blade is also common, and helps to square the point
against oblique surfaces, such as your opponent. Such a bend must be smooth and gradual.
Sharp kinks and S-curves are prohibited. Foible bends are best worked into the blade using the
sole of ones shoe and the floor, pulling through the entire length of the foible. You can also retrain your blade in this fashion if it starts to kink or S-curve. NEVER grasp the blade and bend it
at a point. This only increases metal fatigue and will cause the blade to break sooner.
In modern FIE fencing there is a maximum allowable blade curvature for foil and epee
blades. The total curvature of the blade is measured at the widest separation between the blade
and an imaginary line drawn between the join of the forte and the tang and the join of the foible
and tip. The blade can be laid across a flat surface, such as a table top, to measure the arch.
Epees typically should not rise more than 1 cm above the surface, while foils are allowed 2 cm.
The objective is to angle the point to hit oblique surfaces better, and for this purpose this is a
significant enough amount of curvature. If instead the objective is to hook the blade around
blocking parries or body parts, the above limits are fairly restrictive, and a slighter larger curve
may be put into the blade. Remember that the groove on the epee goes on the top (thumb side)
of the blade, and the outside of the blade curvature. These limits are only suggestions and not
requirements of the SCA. Your blade may have a larger curve to it, but that may reduce the life
of the blade. It can also be indicative of higher than necessary calibration.
In SCA fencing a blades flexibility is tested by holding the weapon parallel to the ground,
with the handle supported against a table or bench, and hanging a 3-ounce (85 gram) weight just
behind the tip. If the blade is a dagger (up to 18" in length) and flexes visibly more then 1/4" or
6 mm, the blade is sufficiently flexible. If the blade is a rapier (more than 18" in length) it
should flex at least 1/2 inch or 12 mm.
Foil and epee blades from both dry or practice, and electric. Dry blades have a flat,
nail head shaped point and are the most commonly used in the SCA because they are easily
capped off with standard plastic fencing tips (also known as buttons). They are also typically
much cheaper and tend to be stiffer blades. Electric blades have a sharp, hollow, threaded point,
and a small channel in the side of the blade (for the wire used to score touches). Many of the
more expensive and durable blades are only available as electrics, but they can be much more
difficult to tip. When you order your blades make sure that you know what you are getting.
Never by a wired electric blade. You will be spending a lot of money for things you dont need
and cant use in SCA fencing. Also be aware that sometimes when you order a practice blade
you might get an electric blade with a metal barrel bonded onto the end. You cant fit a standard
button on to one of these barrels, making them difficult to tip. Most solutions are ungainly and
usually result in a poorly balanced weapon. Make sure that your dealer knows you want only
practice blades with blunted nail-head points. This is less of a problem with epee blades
because the greater weight of the epee is less affected by a weightier tip.
Finally, when you order buttons, always request colored ones. You will not be allowed to
use clear buttons because they cannot be seen by supervising marshals. Small rubber archery
bird blunts, like those used for schlaeger blades, can also be used to tip electric foils, and epees
but the balance is sometimes adversely affected.
Schlaeger blades are tipped first with a metal casting or washer and then with a large
rubber archery bird blunt. Padding may be necessary to hold the tip in place and keep it from
wobbling. Standard foil/epee buttons can not be used; they do not even come close to fitting.
Before placing a tip on a schlaeger, the end of the blade much be filed down or cut flat and any
sharp edges filed smooth. This is best done using hand tools and not a filing wheel, which may
effect the temper of the blade.
There are several different distributors and manufacturers of fencing equipment out there,
so if you dont like the weapons you are using now, try ordering something different or from
somewhere different next time. You should also take a look at what other people are using,
because sometimes you might find that someone else has already managed to assemble the right
combination of parts for you. Then all you have to do is ask them where they get their supplies.
If you run into a brand of blade that is remarkably good or remarkably bad (breaks into jagged
point, S-curves immediately) let your Regional and the Kingdom Marshal of Fence, and the
people you fence with, know.
defined. Heralds, List Pages, and similar officers who leave the field entirely before
combat begins are exempt from this requirement, as are Water-Bearers and Chirurgeons
who remain in fixed support points outside the tournament field or battle area. WaterBearers and Chirurgeons who take part in mobile support groups within the overall
boundaries of a battle area must receive a basic orientation in field safety, and sign a
proper Waiver.
Ref Rule 2: The Crown and/or Marshallate of each Kingdom shall establish standards and
procedures for the authorization of fighters to participate in combat. These procedures
shall adhere to the Combat Authorization Procedures in this Handbook. At Kingdom
option, these procedures may involve either a general authorization to participate in
armored combat, or a set of separate authorization procedures for the use of (or for
combat AGAINST) specific weapons or classes of weapons. The Crown and/or
Marshallate of each Kingdom shall establish standards and procedures for the
authorization of combat archers and missile users to participate in combat. Kingdoms
may establish such additional limitations on the participation of minors as may be
deemed necessary. It is usual for authorizations from other Kingdoms to be accepted,
although exceptions may prove necessary in the case of specific individuals. The Crown
may not simply grant an authorization, unless the recipient has successfully completed
the authorization process as delineated in Society and Kingdom law.
Ref Rule 4: Kingdoms may apply armor and weapons standards that are stricter than the
Society standards, should they be deemed necessary, but may not reduce or waive any
Society standard.
Ref Rule 5: If a fighter regards an opponents weapon or armor as unduly dangerous to
face, he or she can request the Marshal of the field to re-inspect the item. Either fighter
has the option of appealing the decision of the re-inspecting Marshal to the Marshal in
Charge and ultimately to the Sovereign.
Ref Rule 6: Engaging in any Society combat activity with the deliberate intent to inflict
bodily harm to an opponent is strictly forbidden.
Ref Rule 7: No one is required to engage in SCA combat should he or she prefer not to
do so.
Ref Rule 8: Since fighting with real weapons is forbidden at any Society prevent,
threatening the use of such weapons is likewise expressly forbidden. At the discretion of
the Sovereign and the Marshal in Charge recognized experts may be permitted to present
choreographed demonstrations with real weapons under strictly controlled conditions.
Posing for still photographs with real weapons is permitted. No one may wear any real
weapon onto the field while participating in combat or present during combat. At the
discretion of the Sovereign and the Marshal in Charge, an exception may be made for
marshals or other noncombatants to wear knives bonded with peace straps.
Ref Rule 9: The prohibition on thrown weapons refers to weapons in combat, or thrown
in a hostile manner. It does not apply to tossing as a gentle, short-range method of
transferring or removing a tournament weapon or item from the Lists or area of combat.
The use of archery, firearms, slings, javelins, throwing axes, throwing knives, or any
other projectile is forbidden within Tournament Lists, or in any other situation where
spectators cannot be separated from the potential line of fire by more than the effective
range of the weapons.
11. A fencer should be aware of his opponents position on the field and not force them
intentionally into any field hazards.
12. A fencer is armed as long as they retain least one offensive weapon. If a fencer drops
their only offensive weapon, it is up to their opponent whether the fencer is allowed
to recover the dropped weapon.
13. A fencer shall resolve any disputes before they leave the field. Once the fencer leaves
the field, the outcome of the fight stands.
14. Unless otherwise specified by the rules of a tourney or scenario, all fighting is done in
the round.
15. A fencer should check to make sure they are wearing all the required items of armor
each time they re-enter the list. They should also check their weapons for any
obvious problems like a loose or missing tip. If the fencer is unsure of the condition
of their equipment, they should present it to a marshal for inspection.
16. A fencer must not engage in rapier combat with the deliberate intent to injure an
opponent. No true offensive steel or weaponry may be worn or carried into the list.
17. A fighter shall not grab an opponents blade.
18. During combat, only marshals and fencers are permitted within the boundaries of the
list field. Spectators should be kept at a safe distance, especially when Rubber Band
Guns are used.
19. Fencers who are using non-standard equipment, such as a 45 schlager blade, or is
wearing necessary safety gear, such as a knee brace, which may effect blow calls,
must inform their opponents of this fact each time they enter the list.
20. Unsafe or dishonorable conduct is not permitted. This includes:
grappling or physical contact between opponents
throwing a weapon or defensive object at an opponent
striking with excessive force
consistently ignoring blows
use of a disabled limb
deliberately running into the ropes
deliberately running out of the list area
deliberate misuse of the rules
unchivalrous behavior of any form
21. During combat, removal or loss of head protection results in an immediate HOLD.
The fencer who removed or lost his head protection forfeits the fight.
The Marshallate
Structure
The marshallate of AEthelmearc is structured as follows:
Kingdom Marshal of Fence (KMoF)
The KMoF is ultimately responsible for all rapier combat in AEthelmearc. The KMoF
must maintain contact with the Society Fencing Marshal and with the Kingdom Earl Marshal in
quarterly reports. The KMoF must maintain the Policies of the Marshal of Fence, ensure their
compliance with Society standards and maintain the list of fencing marshals.
Deputy Kingdom Marshal of Fence (Drop-Dead)
The Kingdom Marshal must always have a deputy who can take over in the event that the
Kingdom Rapier Marshal is no longer able to perform the duties of the office. The Drop-Dead
must be kept informed of any problems, proposed changes in policy and have a copy of the
current roster of marshals.
Regional Marshals
The regional marshals are the senior representative of the marshallate in their region.
Each one is appointed by and is directly responsible to the KMoF. The Regional Marshal is
responsible for ensuring the safe practice of rapier combat in their region, and is ultimately
responsible for training, warranting and supervising all of the marshals in their region. They
must also keep a record of all the MITs in their region and of any approved experimental
weapons use. Ideally, the Regional will not be the Local Marshal for the group in which they
reside. Regional Marshals must submit a written report to the KMoF on a quarterly basis by the
15th of February, May, August, and November.
Local Marshals
Local marshals are responsible for ensuring the safe practice of rapier combat within their
Barony, Shire, or other local group in which they reside. The Local Marshal is directly
responsible to the Regional Marshal. The local marshal helps train fencers, assists in the
authorization of fencers, and brings to the attention of the Regional Marshal any candidates for
the marshallate. Local marshals are also responsible for overseeing the safe conduct of practices
held in their local group. Local marshals may train new marshals, but they must keep the
regional apprized of who they are training. A Local Marshal is equal to a Marshal-At-Large in
the chain of command. Local Marshals submit written reports to their Regionals by the 1st of
February, May, August, and November.
Marshal-at-Large (MaL)
Marshals-at-Large are not directly responsible for a particular geographic region, but they
are still directly responsible to the Regional Marshal of the area in which they reside. MaLs
shall perform general marshallate duties such as the authorization of fencers, inspections of
armor and arms, and the marshalling of bouts and melees. If the MaL is training new marshals,
they must write a report to the appropriate regional apprizing the regional of the status of each of
their trainees.
Marshal-in-Charge (MiC)
The MiC is the marshal in charge of the fencing for the day at a particular event. Any
warranted marshal can act as a MiC. The MiCs primary duty is to ensure that rapier combat
activities for that event are supervised at all times and conducted in a safe manner and in
accordance to the Policies of the Marshal of Fence. After each event the MiC needs to submit a
report (verbal or written, as requested) to the autocrat of the event, and a written report to the
appropriate Regional. Any sanctions, injuries or other unusual events must be reported as soon
as possible to the appropriate Regional. Serious injuries must be reported directly to the KMoF
within 24 hours by phone, with a written report to follow as soon as possible. A serious injury is
defined as any injury which causes a fencer to withdraw from a tournament or from bouting.
Marshals-in-Training (MITs)
MITs have NO official standing within the SCA.
Becoming a Marshal Persons wishing to become marshals must have a paid membership in the SCA, and a
through understanding of the rapier combat rules. Any warranted marshal may train an MIT, but
they should introduce said MIT to the Regional Marshal at the earliest opportunity and the
warranted marshal must submit short written reports on the status of the MIT each quarter. It
must be understood that an MIT has NO status within the SCA and all of their activities while in
training must be actively supervised by a warranted marshal. If there are no warranted marshals
in your area, you should contact the appropriate regional in order to get training.
Training will include:
To become a warranted marshal, the interested MIT must contact the appropriate Regional to
initiate the process.
Issuing a Warrant
When the Regional Marshal or Kingdom Marshal warrants a new marshal, the Marshals
warrant form must be filled out, signed by the Regional or KmoF, and returned to the Kingdom
Marshal of Fence. At the same time a marshals card will be issued to the new marshal. Regional
Marshals must inform the KMoF anytime they make a new marshal. The warrant expires each
time the SCA membership expires and must be renewed on a yearly basis, by filling out a
warrant form and having it signed by the KMoF or Regional Marshal.
Responsibilities of a Marshal
A marshal must inspect the armor and weapons of the combatants for compliance with the
policies of the marshal of fence, prior to combat. This includes all practices, tournaments and
any warm-up or pick-up bouts.
No SCA rapier combat may be conducted without a warranted Fencing Marshal.
I. Marshals are responsible for overseeing the safety and conduct of rapier combat both at
tournaments and formal SCA practices.
II. Marshals must maintain membership in the SCA and must receive and read the Kingdom
newsletter to keep abreast of any changes in law or policy.
III. Marshals must be thoroughly familiar with the Corporate and Kingdom Policies of Fence and
Marshalling standards. Marshals must have a current copy of the Kingdom Policies of Fence and
of the AEthelmearc Rapier Combat Handbook.
IV. Marshals must enforce the Rules of the List.
V. Each marshal should be an impartial observer. If there are any conflicts of interest, a different
marshal should be sought to oversee combat. Unless there are clear violations, or they are
requested by either of the combatants to supply an opinion about a blow, the marshal should
allow fencers to resolve each combat.
VI. Each marshal should be prepared to halt a bout at any point, especially under the following
circumstances:
A) Danger a broken weapon, armor failure, civilians on the list field etc.
B) Loss of temper or composure
C) Infraction of the rules non-acceptance of blows, excessive blow, unacceptable use of
equipment, grappling, etc.
D) When one of the combatants or another marshal requests a halt such a hold may
only be called for safety reasons. If a combatant abuses this system, they may be sanctioned.
VII. Marshals should, at the request of another marshal, either of the combatants, or the crown,
or under their own initiative based on prior difficulties, actively marshal combat. This means
that they may give unsolicited opinions about the strength or location of blows and may stop the
bout to discuss it with each of the combatants.
VIII. If a combatant repeatedly appears to disregard blows or disobey the rules of the list, or is
fighting in an unsafe manner, the marshal should stop the fight, confer with any other marshals
observing the bout, and then talk to each of the combatants. Combat should not resume until the
combatants demonstrate a clear understanding of the problem, and satisfy the marshals concerns.
IX. A marshal may at any time, request another marshal to watch the same combat.
X. Marshal should at the resolution of each combat, ask each combatant, before they leave the
list, if they are satisfied.
XI. All SCA rapier combat must be actively supervised by a warranted marshal. This means
that the marshal must be paying attention to the combatants and their surroundings.
XII. Marshals may eject a fencer from a bout or tournament for serious infractions of the rules,
unsafe behavior, or unchivalrous behavior. If a fencer is ejected a written report must be made
within 24 hours. (see DISPUTES AND SANCTIONS section)
XIII.
Marshals must bar from the field any person impaired by drugs or alcohol.
XIV. Marshals should be wearing appropriate clothing which allows adequate mobility; i.e. the
ability to quickly move out of the way of a bout. No full Elizabethan gowns. This also means
that the marshal in the list should not present a safety hazard themselves by sitting down or not
paying attention to the action.
INJURIES
Marshals are responsible for maintaining order in the event of an injury, allowing only
the medic, and the combatants consort, or close relations near. The remainder of the populace
should be kept back. Injuries are to be reported to the MIC immediately, and must be reported to
the Kingdom Marshal of Fence in writing. Serious injuries must be reported both in writing and
via phone within 24 hours of their occurrence. Any injury which results in the withdraw of a
combatant must be reported.
Should an injury of any kind occur at an event or official practice, the Marshal-in-Charge
will submit a detailed report of the injury to the Kingdom Marshal of Fence and should include
SCA and legal name, and contact information of the injured person or persons and
of all persons directly involved in the injury
The date and place of the injury
The circumstances as nearly as they can be reconstructed
SCA and legal name, and contact information of any marshal or fencer witnessing
the injury
The nature of the injury
A description of the action(s) taken by the marshals, the chirugeons, and/or any
other official representatives of the SCA
The legal and SCA name(s) of the warranted chirugeon(s) in attendance, if any
Any other relevant details
Note: Chiurgeonate reports are protected by patient confidentiality and may not be requested by
the marshals. If the injury is caused by equipment failure, the MiC must inspect the equipment
to determine the nature of the failure. The MiC may request to hold the equipment in order to
pass it on to the appropriate Regional Marshal or KmoF for further inspection. The fencer(s)
have a right to refuse any such request and any such held equipment will be returned to the
fencer in a timely fashion or at their request.
The Regional Marshal must decide on a course of action within two weeks, inform the Kingdom
Marshal of Fence of their decision, and forward a copy of the written reports as soon as possible.
NOTE: For fencers who also have other authorizations, their card must still be removed. The
Kingdom MOL will be informed and a new card with the fencing authorizations removed should
be issued. The MIC of fence may not prevent the fencer from participation in other marshal
activities, but must retain possession of the card, and present it on the combatants behalf to the
MOL of the other events.
Appeals of Sanctions All sanctions may be appealed to the next higher level in the marshallate
chain of command, as follows:
Marshal Marshal-in-Charge Regional Marshal Kingdom Marshal Earl Marshal Crown
ARMOR INSPECTION The fencers armor must be tested while ALL of the armor is being worn. If there are
any questions about specific pieces of the armor (like the mask) it should be examined
separately later.
No skin shall show anywhere on the fencer's body, regardless of the position or stance
of the fencer. None ! Ever !
Any armor that prevents proper calibration and acceptance of blow must be disallowed.
This includes excessively loose armor and anything that alters the shape of the body,
such as padded shoulders, or excessively large codpieces. If you are not sure, test this
by having the fencer close their eyes and then throw some shots and ask if they felt it.
You should also throw some shots that don't go anywhere near them and ask it they felt
those.
If a necessary piece of gear, such as a knee or wrist brace with metal re-enforcement,
creates a small area where blows cannot be felt, the fencer MUST tell each of their
opponents and the list marshal about this prior to each bout to prevent both confusion
and frustration.
Armor that could trap a blade, and potentially break it, is not allowed (like slashed
oversleeves with lots of pockets where a blade could get trapped).
Head Gear
The fencing mask must completely cover the front and sides of the head and be
securely attached. This means that the mask must have a new elastic band on the back
(there must still be some spring to the elastic and it must actually touch the back of the
head) or a fabric tie of some form must be used. Check the mesh for any rust or
significant dents. Press on the mask with your thumbs to see if it flexes. If you suspect
the mask is not safe or is not a 12 kilo or better mask, you can suggest that it be punch
tested (this is completely at the owners desecration, and is not currently a requirement
in AEthelmearc). The mesh must not contact the wearers face. Check to make sure that
the bib is securely attached and that there are no holes between the frame of the mask
and the bib. The back of the head must be covered with a piece of standard four-thrust
armor, either firmly attached to the mask frame, or by a hood or cowl of the same
material. In either case, the covering must extend low enough to cover the back of the
neck. If you poke them just under the hood you should hit them between the shoulder
blades. Carefully check the side of the mask, where the hood attaches to the mask
frame, and make sure there is not a hole leaving the skin just below the ear exposed.
Neck Protection
The throat and neck protection is required from the bottom edge of the jawbone down
to the bottom of the collarbone. The minimum (for foil/epee) is 4 oz. leather with at
least 1/4 inch resilient padding or equivalent (schlaeger requires a minimum of 8 oz
leather and 1/4 inch of open cell foam). The bib on a modern fencing mask by itself is
not sufficient. Additional protection for the throat and neck may be a high, stiff collar, a
gorget, a cowl, or the equivalent. Have the fencer look up and slide your hand under the
bib. You should not touch skin. Ask the fencer to tilt their head and check again. Make
sure that weapons cannot easily slide under the neck protection (this is especially a
problem with metal or waxed leather gorgets that do not fit their owners properly). In
addition, gorgets used for schlager fencing must cover the cervical vertebrae at the back
of the neck (the section of the spine which juts out just above the shoulder blades) with
rigid material (steel or leather).
Body Armor
Standard puncture-resistant armor must cover the body from the top of the shoulder to
the base of the groin and must also cover the underarm extending down the inner arm
for a minimum of one-third the distance to the elbow. Ask the fencer to raise their arms
and check to make sure that both of the underarms are covered properly. The side of the
fencer must be covered by standard armor to just below their hips. If they bend to the
side and their armor lifts up to expose their waist, or they expose their sides or belly
when they lift their arms, they are insufficiently armored. The edges of any closure
must overlap by at least 3 inches. If possible, poke through along the closure and make
sure that you do not touch underneath their armor (but behave yourself while doing this
: ). The lower arms must be covered by at least one layer of tight-weave material.
Gloves
Leather gloves must be worn on both hands. Ask the fencer to hold out their hands and
check the gloves for any holes. The gloves must overlap the wrist openings of the
sleeves by at least 3 inches, and cover any cuff opening. A blade should not be able to
go up the sleeve. If gloves designed for electric equipment are used, the openings for
wires must be sewn shut or otherwise secured.
Personal Armor
Men must wear a cup. You many -not- test for this by thumping them ! Ask if they are
wearing a cup. If they say yes - go on with the inspection. If they are stupid enough
to say yes when they are not wearing a cup, they deserve what they get. Women must
have their groin covered with puncture-resistant armor, or be wearing enough skirting
that a low line thrust cannot hit them in an area with less than four-thrust protection.
Once again - you may not check this by hand ! If they are obviously not sufficiently
covered (i.e. they are just wearing jeans and there is a clear shot to their groin) they do
not pass inspection. Additional breast armor for females is left to individual discretion.
Whatever they chose to wear, it must not interfere with blow calling. (BTW - for all of
the guys out there - women have two breasts. This means that there will be a space in
the middle where the garb may stick out with no body underneath it. If you think that
you have gotten a clean shot on the chest, but they did not call it - this might mean that
you are tagging the garb, but not the person. Instead of getting mad about it, call a hold
and discuss it. )
Weapons Inspection
All offensive weapons must be inspected by a qualified marshal.
Tips must be secured to the blade with tape that contrasts in color with BOTH the
weapon (i.e. no silver duct tape) and the tip. If the tip is red the tape should be yellow.
There should be enough tape on the end of the blade that it can be clearly seen across
the lists. Tape must -not- cover the end of the tip. Check to make sure that the tip is not
warn through or cracking. Tug gently on the tip and make sure that it does not pop off.
Daggers
Flexi-daggers, Safe-flex daggers and the like should be inspected as above.
Schlaegers Only schlaeger marshals can inspect schlaeger blades. If a fencer comes up
with a schlaeger blade make sure that they are wearing appropriate neck protection.
Ask the fencer how the blade was tipped. Before placing a tip on the blade, the point of
a schlaeger blade needs to be filed or cut down flat. The tip of a schlaeger blade needs
to be covered with a metal casing or washer, and then covered with a rubber archery
bird blunt. The tip should not be excessively loose and padding, such a pieces of
leather, can be used to hold the tip firmly on the blade. Anything else needs to be
carefully inspected to make sure that the point of the schlaeger is completely encased
and signs of weakess, such as cracks or worn spots can be detected.
The rubber tip of the schlaeger must be taped to the blade itself with electrical tape or
woven cloth tape in a color that contrasts with the blade and the tip. Tool dip is not an
acceptable substitute. The tape must not cover the end of the rubber tip, but should
leave enough of the tip showing that a marshal would be able to see if the rubber tip is
wearing through.
Run your bare hand along blade and check for rough spots, burrs or sharp areas. Any
sharp edges or burrs must be filed smooth. Check for rust. Now you finally get to check
the bend and straightness of the blade.
Open guards and hilts may be used so long as they present no sharp edges or
protrusions, which would present a hazard to the fencer or an opponent.
Everything else
There are a wide variety of parry objects that can be used in the list, ranging from
cloaks to mugs to puppets. Take a quick look at each of the items that the fencers
intents to take into the list. Bucklers can not be greater than 20 inches in diameter (or
315 square inches for any other shape) and the edge needs to be covered sufficiently to
prevent splintering or jagged bits. No spikes or areas where a blade can be caught and
broken. Cloaks may not have metal weights or chains. Neither can any other non-rigid
parry object. When inspecting a non-traditional parry object, critically examine it for
any possible hazard - Can it trap a blade and break it ? Can it break/shatter and cut or
blind someone ?
Remember - even with armor that you are familiar with, inspect it carefully. You may be saving
someone's life.
e) case of rapier:
The candidate should be able to demonstrate the following safely and competently:
attacks with both blades;
parries (or blocks) of attacks with both blades;
preventing the two blades from becoming entangled;
making openings with one blade while attacking with the other;
use of both blades in concert. ( this is the big one are they alternating hands or are they actually
using both at the same time )
For all of the advanced weapons forms (b-e) the candidate must not only display safety and basic
competence, they need to show some skill and understanding of the weapons form. If they walk
out with a cloak and never move it, this is not displaying skill in the form. If they walk out with
a dagger and only use it to block, see if they want to do a rigid parry qualification instead. It
doesnt have to be great skill, just enough to show that they are using the form as it was meant to
be used.
Recommended Authorization Procedures:
While there is no single correct way to conduct an authorization, there are several elements
which should be included in any thorough authorization:
1.The candidate's weapons and armor must be inspected to ensure that they comply with the
required armor and weapons standards. (If there is something wrong with their arms or
armor, try quizzing the candidate to see if they can figure out what is wrong sometimes
they get nervous and unintentionally forget something obvious.)
2.The candidate should respond to several questions about the Policies of the Marshal of
Fence. For a first authorization, the candidate should be questioned about the rules and
customs of combat in Period Fencing and the Kingdom of AEthelmearc. For later
authorizations, the candidate should be questioned about rules applicable to the particular
weapons form being attempted.
( This is not trivial pursuit time, like asking how many ounces of leather need to be in the
gorget. This should be an honest attempt to make sure that they understand the basic rules
of fencing. What are the valid target areas ? What are the basic armor requirements ? Try
borrowing their blade and making one cut on their chest and then one cut on their back and
ask if them if they are dead. Make sure they understand that the foot and the leg (and the
hand and the arm) are separate. It is actually possible to fail someone here. If they cant
figure out in a timely fashion whether they are dead or not they have obviously not had
enough practice yet.)
3.The candidate should first spar with one marshal, starting at a slower than normal pace so
that each of the fencers can get the feel of the other. Both the candidate and the marshal
fencing them should verbally acknowledge valid hits, without taking them. This is just so
that the marshal can get the general feel of their opponent and it allows the candidate
(hopefully) to relax into the procedure.
During this phase the observing marshal should look for holes in the candidates fencing
are they not defending with their off-hand ? Do they never back up ? Can they parry ?
Sometimes it helps to break this into three phases
1st is the candidate safe ? Can they protect themselves ? Are their opponents safe ?
Are they doing anything obviously wrong (like whipping, or hopping around ?)
2nd is the candidate defending themselves ? Both with parries and with their off-hand ?
3rd is the candidate attacking ? do they have more than one attack ? do they ever hit ?
The marshal fencing the candidate is responsible for determining if the candidates
calibration (both giving and receiving) is good and whether they are responding
appropriately to the shots. Are you having fun ? Usually a fun fight means that the
candidate is a safe fencer. Gradually increase your speed and see how they respond
Some people break defense and offense into two separate stages, but this doesnt seem
necessary. You want to see all of the components working smoothly together. If
something looks wrong or something is missing in their style, then break things down into
components to try and identify areas that further work is necessary, this usually means that
they have already not passed the authorization.
4.The marshals should confer briefly at this point while sending the candidate to get a drink
or just get them to pop their mask to get some air - is the observer seeing anything that
worries them? Discuss the calibration and how well they are taking shots. Develop a plan
to look at areas that seem weak. (If they dont attack often, leave big holes in your
defense. What will they do if pressed? Are they really parrying or just swinging the sword
around and never actually contacting the blade? Do you feel in danger of being struck by
their buckler? What will they do if I really press them or speed up a lot?)
5.The candidate and the marshal fencing them should now engage in several bouts in the
usual fashion, each attacking and defending, each properly acknowledging and accepting
blows. Carry out your plans to check weak points. Are they accepting blows properly or
do they seem not to have an abdomen ? Is there a really big pause before they accept a
blow ? You MUST make sure they fence off-handed for a while they must be as safe with
their off-hand as their primary. Try to leg them and see what they do. Continue to fence
until you are satisfied that this person is safe and authorizable, or you are satisfied that
they are not- safe or authorizable, but you know why-. If things are really indeterminate
(I dont like this but I cant figure out why) have someone else fence them while you
watch.
REMEMBER THE MARSHAL IS NOT TRYING TO DEMONSTRATE THEIR SUPERIORITY HERE !
In most cases the marshals skill level is going to be much greater than the candidates,
though not always, and the marshal needs to allow the candidate to show their skills. You need
to leave openings in your defense. If this is a dagger authorization, step in close and allow them
a chance to hit you with the dagger. Slow down the candidates pace. Open up your guard and
allow them to hit you see if they maintain good calibration while you leave your chest wide
open and advance at them. Dont go just for kill shots on them see if they are defending their
arms, legs, and hands.
Outcome of the Authorization:
1.Advice and training may be given to the candidate by the marshals at any time during the
authorization, but the candidates primary teacher is not allowed to coach them during the
authorization you are testing their knowledge and skill, not their teachers.
2.Once the authorization procedure is completed, the two marshals performing the
authorization should then hold another discussion, aside from the candidate (again send
them to get a drink and make sure they take off their mask), discussing the strengths and
weakness demonstrated in the course of the authorization. The marshals who will be
signing the paperwork may accept suggestions and observations from other marshals or
observers, but they must make the final decision as to whether or not the candidate is to be
authorized.
3.Options available to the marshals include:
a) declining to grant authorization:
It is the responsibility of the marshallate to decline authorization to those persons who are
unable to demonstrate safe and competent fencing.
b) authorization:
If the candidate is successful, the necessary paperwork must be completed.
c) provisional authorization:
In certain instances, with the permission of the Marshal-in-Charge, a borderline candidate
may be authorized for the purposes of the particular day, event, or tournament only, in
order to provide the marshals with additional time to evaluate him or her. This option
should be pursued only when the marshals are certain they will have adequate opportunity
to observe the candidate throughout the rest of the day, event or tournament. And the
candidate must sign a wavier with the MOL before they can be entered into the days
events.
4.The candidate should be informed of the outcome of the authorization by the marshals. The
marshals should discuss the reasons for their decision and the strengths and weaknesses
demonstrated by the candidate, as well as provide any suggestions for improvement.
Always try to make sure that the candidate understands fully why they have not been
authorized if it is declined - tell them what to work on, show them some drills and always
point out things that they are doing well. Be as encouraging as possible.
5.A successful candidate for authorization must complete the authorization form and get the
appropriate marshals signatures. Make sure that they sign the waiver on the back and that
you circle or check the form they have successfully authorized for, while crossing out all of
the other forms. Make sure that the candidate understands that it is their responsibility to
get the lower half of the form to the Kingdom MOL in a timely fashion.
Visitors to thelmearc
Visitors to thelmearc who are authorized in Rapier combat in their home Kingdom may
participate in Rapier combat in thelmearc without re-authorizing on the following
conditions:
A) They should be familiar with the standard weapons used in thelmearc.
B) They must demonstrate familiarity with the thelmearc Policies of Fence and
demonstrate their ability to follow said policies in a safe and honorable fashion to the
satisfaction of the Marshal-in-Charge (MiC).
C) The MiC has inspected their weapons and armor to ensure that it conforms as nearly as
possible to the standards of thelmearc. As long as the visitors armor conforms with
Society standards, their armor may be passed by the MiC. Their weapon must conform
with local standards.
If the visitor comes from a Kingdom with significantly different weapons standards (i.e. a
schlager only Kingdom) or if the MiC needs confirmation that the visitor is able to safely
apply thelmearc policies, an authorization may be preformed following the format of a
standard authorization.
If the visitor has been approved by the MiC to participate in the days activities, the lower
half of a standard authorization form must been filled out, front and back, and the words
Temporary Authorization or One Day Only written on the form. The upper portion of
the form is NOT filled out, and the fencer does NOT keep the 60 day portion of the form.
The filled out form (and make sure they signed the waiver) is then submitted to the MOL
for inclusion with the their event report.
You may not issue an thelmearc authorization card to someone who is a resident in
another Kingdom. This is now forbidden by a ruling from the Deputy Society Marshal for
Rapier Combat.
Broken Time: a sudden change in the tempo or rhythm of one fencers actions, used to fool the opponent
into responding at the wrong time.
Buckler: a small shield 20 inches in diameter or less used defensively in rapier combat.
Button: the brightly colored rubber or plastic safety tip on the end of practice or dry blades.
Change of Engagement: when blades are in contact, moving your opponents blade into a different line of
attack from high to low line or from one side of the body to the other
Circular Parry: a parry made in the opposite line to the attack; i.e. the defender first circles their blade
around their opponents blade (a disengage) to the opposite side from where it started, and then
parries it to the opposite side from where they would have if the defender had preformed a
straight parry. Also called a counter-parry.
Compound: an attack or riposte incorporating one or more feints to the opposite line that the action
finishes in. Any attack that incorporates more than one blade movement in order to open a line
to the opponents body. Also called a composed attack.
Conversation: the back-and-forth play of the blades in a fencing match (modern term).
Coquille: Belle Guard
Corps-a-corps: French lit. body-to-body; physical contact between two fencers during a bout, illegal to
perform intentionally. (core-a-core).
Coul: lit. running; also graze, glis, or glissade; an attack or feint that slides along an opponents blade
without forcing it out of line.
Counter-attack: an attack made in response to the opponents attack.
Counter-disengage: a disengage in the opposite direction, to deceive the counter-parry.
Counter-parry: see circular parry
Counter-riposte: an attack that immediately follows a parry of the opponents riposte.
Counter-time: an attack that responds to the opponents counter-attack, typically a riposte following the
parry of the counter-attack.
Coup lanc: an attack that starts before a halt in play but lands after.
Coup darrt: a stop thrust a straight attack against an advancing opponent whose weapon is out of line
Coup de temps: time thrust a counterattack that occurs between the offensive motions of an opponent,
striking them in the midst of their compound attack.
Coup doubl: a double touch both attacks land at the same time
Coup: lit. cut-over; an attack or feint that passes over the top of an opponents blade. Basically a
disengage that passes over the top an opponents blade rather than under it. (ku-pay)
Croise: lit. to cross also semi-bind; an action in which the opponents blade is forced into the high or
low line on the same side by levering it up or down. The intent of this move is to lever an
opponents blade out of line while opening a line of attack. (qwah-zeh)
Cross: an advance or retreat by crossing one leg over the other; also pass avant (forward cross), pass
arriere (backwards cross).
Cuissarde: the section of the fencing jacket that protects the groin. (kwi-sard)
Cut: an attack made with a pulling or pushing motion, landing with either the edge or the point.
Deception: French tromper; avoidance of an attempt to engage the blades. Basically escaping an
opponents parry or parries
Derobement: deception of the attack au fer (a beat) or prise de fer. Basically getting your opponent to
commit to a move that results in blade contact and then getting your blade out of the way before
the move lands.
Direct: an attack or riposte that finishes in the same line in which it was formed, with no feints out of line.
Disarm: forcing your opponent to release their grip on their weapon.
Disengage: a small circular movement of the blade under an opponents blade with the intent to escape
an opponents parry, removes the blades from engagement (contact) or changes the line of
engagement. Quick small movements under the opponents blade to keep them confused.
Displacement: moving the target (your body) to avoid an attack by dodging, tilting or sucking in your gut.
Doubl: an attack or riposte that describes a complete circle around the opponents blade, and finishes in
opposite line (i.e. other side) or is composed of two disengages so that it ends up on the same
side of your opponents blade as it started on.
Double-wide: a form of epee that is wider in the blade than a standard epee. Treated like any other epee
in the SCA as long as it meets Society flexibility requirements.
Dry: also steam; fencing without electrical scoring aids. All SCA combats are dry.
Engagement: when the blades are in contact with each other, eg. during a parry, attack au fer (beat), prise
de fer, or coul.
En Garde: (On Guard) the stance that fencers assume at the start of a bout or assault.
Envelopment: an engagement that sweeps the opponents blade through a full circle.
Epee: a fencing weapon with a triangular cross-section blade and a large bell guard.
Escrime: French lit. fencing (ay-screem).
Esquive: see displacement (es-kee-vay)
Event: an official activity of the SCA which is covered by the insurance policy of the SCA.
False: an action that is intended to fail, but draw a predicted reaction from the opponent; also the back
edge of a sabre blade or the flat sides of a schlager.
Feint: attacking into one line with the intention of switching to another line or pulling out before the
attack is completed. Used to provoke a response, typically a parry, from ones opponent or to
establish a tempo. Must look like a real attack to be successful.
Fencing Time: also temps descrime; the time required to complete a single, simple fencing action.
First Blood: a bout that is resolved by the first successful, non-fatal drawing of blood.
FIE: Federation Internationale dEscrime, the world governing body of modern fencing,, no association
with the SCA.
Finta in tempo: Italian lit. feint in time; a feint of counter-attack that draws a counter-time parry, which
is deceived (i.e. you stop them after getting them to commit to parry while attacking).
Flanconade: Italian. a thrust to the side of the body which is exposed just under the elbow.
Fleche: French lit. arrow; an attack in which the aggressor leaps off his leading foot, attempts to make
a hit, and then passes the opponent at a run. Can be illegal in SCA fencing if executed such that
the fencer can not stop if a hold is called.
Flexi-dagger: the product name of a small flexible blade approximately 18 inches in length, tempered
only about halfway down the blade and with a rolled tip like a sabre blade. Flexi-daggers score
touches like regular blades, and may be used against foils, epees and schlagers.
Flick: a cut-like action that lands with the point, often involving some whip of the foible to throw the
point around a block or other obstruction. Some forms of this attack are illegal in SCA fencing
depending on how the blade hits whipping is not allowed and tip cuts do not count in some
Kingdoms.
Florentine: a fencing style where a secondary full blade is used in the off-hand.
Flying Parry: a parry and riposte made in one motion, usually as a coupe.
Foible: the outer third of the blade, i.e the tip end of the blade which is the weakest section.
Foil: a fencing weapon with a rectangular cross-section blade and a small bell guard.
Forte: the lower, strongest third of the blade, nearest the hilt. (fort)
French Grip: a traditional hilt with a slightly curved grip and large pommel.
Froissement: an attack that displaces the opponents blade by a strong grazing action. (f-roys-ma).
Glide: see coul.
Gorget: required piece of armor which protects the neck. See Policies of Fence for more information.
Guard: the metal cup or bow that protects hand. Also, the defensive position assumed when not
attacking.
Handle: the part of the hilt that you hold in your hand.
Heavy Weapons: Weapons used in SCA heavy combat. Many not be used in conjunction with rapiers.
Heidelberg: German fraternity dueling with the object of scaring the face. Not at all like SCA or FIE
fencing.
Hilt: the handle of the sword, consisting of the guard, grip and pommel.
Homologated: certified for use in FIE competitions.
In Quartata: an attack made with a quarter turn to the inside, concealing the front of the body, but
exposing the back.
Indirect: an attack or riposte that finishes in the opposite line to which it formed, by means of a disengage
or coup.
Insistence: forcing an attack through a parry.
Interception: a counter-attack that intercepts and checks an indirect attack or other disengagement.
Invitation: a line that is intentionally left open to encourage the opponent to attack.
Italian Grip: a traditional hilt with finger-rings and a crossbar.
Liement: see bind (lee-a-ma)
Line: the direction of an attack (i.e. high/low, inside/outside), often equated to the parry that must be used
to deflect the attack.
Lunge: an attack made by extending the rear leg and landing on the bent front leg. Full uncontrolled
lunges are not legal in SCA fencing.
Mal-parry: also mal-par; a parry that fails to prevent the attack from landing.
Manipulators: the thumb and index finger of the sword hand used to control the motion of the blade.
Maraging: a special steel used for making blades; said to be stronger and break more cleanly than
conventional steel.
Marker Points: an old method of detecting hits using inked points.
Martingale: a strap that binds the grip to the wrist/forearm.
Match: the aggregate of bouts between two fencing teams.
Measure: the distance between two fencers.
Mezzo-cercho: Italian..The first foil parry of the Italian school, a half-circle movement of the blade
upward.
Middle: the middle third of the blade, between foible and forte.
Moulinet: a thrust made with an overhand swinging motion of the wrist. (mo-lee-neh)
Neuvieme: an unconventional parry (#9) sometimes described as blade behind the back, pointing down (a
variant of octave), other times similar to elevated sixte.
Octave: parry #8 in the French school; blade down and to the outside, wrist supinated (bent with palm
upward). Meant to defend against a low-line attack.
Opposition: holding the opponents blade in a non-threatening line; a time-hit; any attack or counterattack with opposition. Your blade keeps contact with your opponents blade and pushes it aside.
Parry: a block of the attack, made with the forte of ones own blade. A defensive action made with a
weapon to prevent the attack from arriving.
Pass: an attack made with a cross; eg. fleche, Russian lunge. Also, the act of moving past the opponent.
Passata-sotto: Italian. a lunge made by dropping one hand to the floor and stepping backwards.
Pass: an attack that passes the target without hitting; also a cross-step (see cross).
Pattinanado: Italian. An advance followed by a lunge.
Phrase: an uninterrupted series of blade actions.
Piste: the linear strip on which modern fencing bouts are fought (~2m by 14m).
Pistol Grip: a modern, orthopedic grip, shaped vaguely like a small pistol. Illegal (out of period) for
SCA fencing unless there is a certified medial condition requiring its use.
Plaqu: a point attack that lands flat. (pla-kay)
Plastron: a partial jacket worn for extra protection; typically a half-jacket worn under the main jacket or
other armor, on the weapon side of the body.
Point: A valid blow, or an attack made with the tip of the weapon, a thrust.
Point in Line: also line; an extended arm and blade that threatens the opponent.
Pommel: a fastener that attaches the grip to the blade.
Preparation: the initial phase of an attack, in modern fencing it is the phase before right-of-way is
established.
Presentation: offering ones blade for engagement by the opponent.
Press: an attempt to push the opponents blade aside or out of line by pushing horizontally on the
opponents weapon.
Prime: parry #1in the French school; blade down and to the inside, wrist pronated (palm down with
thumb near six oclock).
Principle of Defence: the use of forte against foible when parrying.
Prise de Fer: also taking the blade; an engagement of the blades that forces the opponents weapon into a
new line.
Pronation: the hand with the palm facing downwards.
Quarte: parry #4 in the French school; blade up and to the inside, wrist supinated (palm upward).
Quillons: the cross-bar of a sword
Quinte: parry #5 in the French school; blade up and to the inside, wrist pronated (palm downward). In
sabre, the blade is held above the head to protect from head cuts.
Rapier: a long, double-edged thrusting sword popular in the 16th and 17th centuries.
Redoublement: a new action that follows an attack that missed or was parried.
Remise: immediate replacement of an attack that missed or was parried, without pulling back the arm.
Reprise: renewal of an attack that missed or was parried, after a return to en-garde.
Retreat: step back; opposite of advance.
Ricasso: Italian. The flat part of the blade above the cross-bar for gripping.
Right-of-way: rules used in modern foil and sabre fencing to determine the awarding of points.
Riposte: an attack made immediately after a successful parry of the opponents blade.
Sabre: a fencing weapon with a thin, flat blade and knuckle guard. Sabre blades are not legal for use in
SCA fencing, but the bells can be used.
Salle: the formal term for a fencing hall.
Salute: a customary acknowledgement of ones opponent (the list marshal and anyone else appropriate)
using the weapon preformed at the start and end of a bout.
Second Intention: a false action used to draw a response from the opponent which