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T
t [C]
(b)
Q
+40
L
Ta < T
PC
PC
(a)
PC
Qa
Ta > Ta
PC
Qa
Qa
(c)
L
+20
Ta
Ta
Q = Qa + L
Qa
-10
IF
(d)
Q0
T0 < Ta
Qa
T0 < Ta
qc
Cd
Dt
Tc
Cp
ld
qc
lc
T0
q0
dq = dh + dlt = Tds
Vp
q0
qc
lmin c
qc
qc q0
Tc s
Tc
1
1
=
=
= = c +1 > 1
(Tc T0 )s Tc T0 1 T0 c
Tc
c
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1,25
1,50
1,75
2,00
2,25
Tc / T0
Tc
lg p
p2 < pc
Tc
2
2
pc
s1=ct
2
p2
To
T0
p0
1
4
q0
Tc
qc
3
Cd
qc
Tc
lg p
2
s0
|lt|
Cp
lc
VL
T0
pc
p0
q0
Vp
4
1
q0
|lt|
q0
s5
s1= s2 s
s3 s4
p0
1
h5
h3=h4
h1
h2 h
qc
lt
h2 h3
h2 h1
t =
h3 h5
r0
t T0 h2 h3
= 1
<1
c Tc h2 h1
pc
Sr
Cd
Tc
lg p
s0
pc
Cp
p0
VL
Vp
4
T0
p0
|lt|
q0
q0
s3 s3 s4
s4
s1= s2
h3=h4
h1
h2 h
t =
qc
lt
qcd + qsr
lt
qsr
> t'
= 1 +
qcd
'
t
pc
lg p
s0
3
2
pc
2 2
lc
p0
4
T0
p0
|lc|
q0
s3
qrg
s4
s3
qsi = |qsr|
Rg
s1
s2
h3=h4
h1 h1,
VL
Vp
q0
Cd
Cp
Tc
qc
lc
h2 h3
h2 h1'
h2 h
qsr
3
pc
2
2
Cd
VL
Cp
lc
m& c
1
T0
SL
4
Tc
1
x4
m& v
5
q0
q0
b
Vp
m& v h1 h4 h1 (h5 + x4 r0 )
=
=
= 1 x4 < 1
m& c h1 h5
r0
Q& 0
- sarcina termic specific a agentului la vaporizare: q0 = h1 h4 = (1 x4 )r0 = r0 =
m& c
qsr
Sr
pc
Tc
qct
3
pc
q0
T0
p0
q0
lct
qc
lc
1
s3
s4
s1 s2
h3=h4
h1
h2s h2
tc
2s 2
p0
Vp
4
qc
lc
Cp
qc
lg p
2s
Cd
VL
t2
ti
S (m2)
qc t + 1 lc t
1 i
i
=
= (t 1)i + 1 < t
qc = (1 i ) lc =
lc t
1
i
lc t + 1 lc t
i
- eficiena termic efectiv:
e =
e
c
- pentru PC cu
- pentru PC cu
- pentru PC cu
date de intrare
diagrame i tabele de proprieti
qsr
lg p
qc
Sr
2 2t 2
Cd
VL
lc
Cp
p0
Vp
5
pc
q0
h4=h5
h1
h2t h2
k
p
- lucrul mecanic teoretic de compresie: lt =
p1v1 2 1 102 [kJ/kg]
p1
k 1
i =
lt
l
lr = t
lr
i
h2t = h1 + lt
lr = h2 h1 h2 = h1 + lr
&=
- debitul masic de agent frigorific: m
Q& c
qc
[kg/s]
[m3/s]
D 2
4
= 0 p T e
n
n1
p
c
0 = 1 0 1 = 1 0 H d 1
p 0
0 = 5...8 %
0 = 1...2 %
nd = 0,9...1,1
p coeficient parial de debit care ine seama de laminarea vaporilor la trecerea prin supapa de aspiraie:
p = 1 a ; a =
p a
- coeficientul scderii relative a presiunii n aspiraie.
p0
e = 0,95...0,98
T0
Tc
i T + b to
Pc = m& lc
Pc
m el
[kW]
[kW]
Eficiena
- eficiena teoretic a ciclului: t =
qc , t
lt
h2 t h4
h2 t h1
c =
- eficiena efectiv: e = m el
- gradul efectiv de reversibilitate al ciclului:
e =
e
c
Tms
Tms Tmi
T T
Tms = a 2 ; a1
T
ln a 2
Ta1
Tmi =
Tr1 Tr 2
T
ln r1
Tr 2
m& 2
Tc2
m& 2
m& '
A
qc1
lc2
Pc2
Cd1
lc1
Pc1
Cp1
VL1
Vp
m& 1
1
q0
Tc1
T0
m& '
p0
pc1
3T
3
2 2T
qc1
m& 1
p0
7
1
s1 s3
tc2
lc2
lc1
h2
h1
h6=h7
tc1
t0
q0
s7
s6 s4 s5
pc2
Cd2
Cp2
qc2
pc1
VL2
lg p
h3 h
&
&
& 2: Q& c 2 = qc 2 m& 2 m& 2 = Qc 2 = Qc 2
- valoarea debitului m
qc 2
h3 h4
[kg/s]
(D)
(B)
(A)
m& 1 =
Q& c1
Q& c1
&
= m1
m& 2 h5 + m& ' h2
m& ' (h2 h6 ) + m& 2 (h5 h6 )
h6
m& 2 + m& '
h5 = h4
(D)
(E)
(C)
m& ' =
Q& c1
h h
m& 2 5 6
h2 h6
h2 h6
(C)
Q& c1
h h
m& ' =
m& 2 4 6 (E)
qc1
qc1
&
qc1
qc 2 Qc1 qc1 Qc1 qc 2
lc 2 = h3 h2
= 1
Pc1 care funcioneaz numai cu treapta de
P
Pc1 + Pc 2
Pc1 1 + Pc 2
1 + c2
joas presiune ( Pc 2 = Q& c 2 = 0 )
Pc1
Pc1
Ap
fierbinte
qc,s
pc,s
6
pc,i
p0,i
T0,i
m& s
5
3
lc,i
Cpi
VLi
m& i
Vpi
4
(F)
(G)
(F)
=
m& i q0,s h5 h8
=
=
m& s qc ,i h2 h3
q0,i
Agent purttor
de frig
p0,s
3
T
Cps
Cdi-Vps
Tc,i
T0,s
lc,s
VLs
Tc,s
Cds
(G)
(H)
qc ,s + q0,i
lt ,i + lt ,s
(h6 h7 ) + (h1 h4 )
(h2 h1 ) + h6 h5
V 2500 l
V 500 l
Aer exterior
4
Surs de cldur
(aer rece)
1 compresor; 2 condensator;
3 ventil laminare; 4 vaporizator.
t3, x 3
t2, x2
t1, x1
A
t1, x1
1 vaporizator; 2 turbocompresor;
3 condensator; 4 ventilator;
5 ventil laminare.
1 = 2 = 100 %
t3
1
t1
t2
x2=x3
x1
18
15
17
10
14
12
9
~ 13
11
A
7
4
3
1 spaiul condiionat; 2 aer viciat; 3 aer proaspt; 4 prenclzitor de aer; 5 agent de nclzire; 6 camer de amestec
cu filtru de aer; 7 ventilator de aer; 8 instalaie de umidificare a aerului; 9 condensatorul pompei de cldur;
10 ventil de laminare; 11 vaporizatorul pompei de cldur; 12 compresorul pompei de cldur; 13 motor antrenare
compresor; 14, 15 clapete de reglare debit aer; 16 clapet de inversare - poziia de iarn (vertical); 17 clapet de
inversare - poziia de var (orizontal); 18 evacuare atmosfer