Professional Documents
Culture Documents
WORLD WAR II
TANKS
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Jane's
WORLD WAR II
TANKS AND FIGHTING
VEHICLES
THE COMPLETE GUIDE
LELANDNESS
tin
HarperCollmsP//Z>/Zws
In the
Hammersmith
London W6 8JB
everything clicks at www.collins.co.uk
In the
New York
NY
10022
www.harpercollins.com
Jane's Information
Group
www.janes.com
First
13579108642
asserts the
as the
ISBN 000711228-9
Printed and
bound
in
Contents
Preface
Introduction
16
Britain
British
7
9
48
Czechoslovakia
62
France
70
Germany
84
Hungary
114
Italy
122
Japan
134
Poland-
146
Soviet
Union
172
Sweden
United
150
States
182
Other Countries
212
Index
229
Preface
is
probably possible to
fill
a small library
common,
It
(and a large hard drive) with the material
and highly
detailed
undertook
this
built what,
this
US, German,
who
book.
Much ot
British
the data
and French
is
drawn from
archives,
and
1945-46. While
born
In any
vehicles.
German production
has been
necessary.
hope
are
of a subject, such
over-simplifications to an absolute
minimum.
David
Fletcher,
AkiraTakizawa, Nowfel
well
and
documented
interest.
The
field.
first,
It
in other countries,
such
as Britain
Photo
less
credits are:
Stockholm,
KAS
It is
and Japan,
hoped
fill
that the
those gaps.
Leulliot,
my own.
= Krigsarkivet,
Introduction
Two weapons
that
First
trait: in
war
both cases
at the start
of
in
Unlike
increases in production
aircraft,
That
is
the introduction of
and airborne
radar,
among others,
but that
insertion,
and considerably
it
tended to be incremental
less
dramatic.
pointless.
is
probably
increased greatly.
The
much
gun
increase in firepower
to
size.
as to increase in
little
improvement. In the
ammunition
mid-war
improved technologies
at
managed
m/s.
to maintain a constant
The
850 m/s
m/s,
guns.
The
first
the
the
real
later
75mm
PzKw IV tanks,
fired
JANE'S
the
88mm L/71
(Tiger
II)
ammunition,
ammunition
ranges.
and
alloy) core
in particular
in
which
composite
was encased
it
muzzle
velocity,
US 76mm gun.
barrel at a
German
80 m/s to the
to the velocity
of
field
of tank
improvements
to
III
and
and
III) to
30mm
British Cruisers
this
37mm gun
(with a 0.69
kg
of the war,
to a
in
kg) in 1941, to a
942 and
same
but
still
did not
increased from
long
(6.8 kg)
75mm gun
50mm
heavy tanks, to an
Armor penetration
rate,
rise at
the
29mm at a
37mm,
to
138mm
II
and
way to
to
armor
to be used.
The growth
possible
in tank
plants. In
some cases
these were
new units,
transit.
10
(German PzKw
British Cruisers
gun (2.06
at 1,000 m/s.
Some improvements in
made possible by
this
was accomplished
such
as the Liberty
and Merlin,
derivatives
JANE'S
thereof,
such
as the
Ford
GAA,
or combinations
Maybach HL-234
such
up
as
the
to the
earlier.
PzKw I,
continued to use
it
springs, however,
only limited
mainly
as a
pressure
were very
travel, so the
stiff and
provided
improvement was
suspension worked
pairs
was modified
clear. All
it
German
were
all
light tanks
up
through the
to the
all
American
M4 Sherman.
The major
920s. Their
efficient
most
FiVl radios,
was
a centrally-pivoting balance
beam
up
them with
torsion bars,
a lot
on the hull by
or themselves
combined on
stiff springs
The
to
boon
to
in
The US
when
in
the
introduction of
The
replace
them only
medium/cruiser tanks.
fitted
who
US wartime tanks.
platoon-and-higher
mounted on
company of Britain
multiples of two or
Mk
American JW Christie
become
all
communications. By 1939
in
on the
is
often
each
rifle
specified that
its
own backpack
the
Above: Successful on paper, the Hotchkiss 35 was
combat
severely hampered by
its
lack of radio.
11
WORLD WAR
became
fluid
in short supply.
and telephone
British
Once a
lines useless,
where
his forces
knowledge of where
his troops
had
little
be attributed as
first
much
to
other factor.
PzKw
of the first
in
late
to focus
target
had
all
his
930s, a
directions.
to tetrieve
for
The
hitting a particular
The
loader
main weapon
that
it
942, while
until the
introduction of theT-34/85
Model 44
in early
all
the technological
SP
artillery, etc.)
cases
a turret efficiently.
it
US moved
M4 Sherman
1944.
attention on
all
tank,
be accomplished
some
the late
Significantly, this
was
increased greatly in
expansion of industrial
one-man
turret.
1940.
man turret,
12
to
from
to use a
Above: One
gunner had
reload the
were or the
had
for targets
potential threats
at least
commander, on
medium
mid-
had to search
realization in the
and German
as did the
US
initially
with
its
M2
size,
facilities just to
produce
US in
Commander rides on an
early
StuG 40
front,
to
941
USSR
WORLD WAR
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1,558
2,270
2,988
2,669
6,449
24,713
24,227
29,029
USA
150
99
18
365
4,021
26,608
37,198
20,357
Britain
144
408
752
1,382
4,851
8,190
7,329
4,057
Japan
347
317
570
1,068
1,269
1,375
990
387
Italy
n/a
n/a
100
300
1,050
900
500
n/a
Germany
300
812
743
1,479
3,057
3,463
12,780
16,832
By 1943
the
weight had
begun
]
to develop
its
The
Soviet
Union had
than the
rest
expertise gave
them
large variety
of models with
civilian
tremendous advantage
inefficient,
efforts to
priority. Italy
German
exclusively
British
late
largely
to
accomplished
this
contracts to a
number of civilian
"familiarize"
had
They
factories to
own way in
who
this
proved
never a high
Genoa
in
Germans
set
up tank
as well.
factories
down
solution,
common
contracts placed in
by large-scale
British
slow
building tanks in
The
under the
This was
for
production.
railroad
a large industrial
on
set aside a
and
central
advance during
little
it
would
to
mass
940
some
extent.
13
JANE'S
techniques.
The
and by
initial
German
II
of the early
941
in
North Africa,
Shermans
specialized
the
Germans (and
in
month.
many cases
this increased
meant
that in
production served
tanks and
losses.
Aside from
production.
Britain increased
losses
in spite of increased
due
to
much
smaller tank
during 1942-44.
Of equal
US and
accompany the
French
them
to
fire,
while
country performance
let
the tanks
know what
broken
made
combined-arms
and
later
Nevertheless,
it
Germans
Allies.
if one
was
The Soviets
and no
mobile indirect-fire
0,**-;
early in
carriers
artillery,
abandoned
14
British Matilda.
JANE'S
Above:lt\e
car;
M20
utility car,
a variant of the
M8 armoured
in
Germany,
1945.
to
Wotld War
conflict
on the
most of the
tank that
made
maneuver
casualties,
it
operational
level.
on the
Burma and
Italy,
the
wat
fl/0/rf.The
most
lethal
of the
war -a row
1944.
15
Britain
On
the
first
factories
in
British tank
foreign counterparts.
producing excellent tanks, including the Centurion that would stand the
test
of time for the next 30 years. Unfortunately, what came between was
often uninspired
disaster
of the war to
cull
it
would
Interwar Tanks
Mk
I,
it
in
1923
machine,
after
mood of
was
far
ideal
combat
on
Mk IA, Mk II and
A total of 68 of these
were
928.
built, split
In 1926 the
medium
Woolwich
known
The Vickers
ordered, using
effort
Three
A7 contained
came
to realize that
few foreign countries could afford them. Instead, they began developing a
separate series of lighter
The Medium
fully the equal
Army tanks,
B-D
E, universally
known
it
It
The Medium A
as the 6-tonner,
to avoid confusion
sales.
was
Medium
a reliable
E.
machine
JANE'S
Left:
Mk Vi
light
wide
tanks.
These contracts,
typically for
40-50
tanks,
modern production
component suppliers
facilities to
inefficient
to
An
The A9/A10
were regarded
first
half of the
cruisers
and Al
infantry tanks
as interim vehicles
even before
turrets
clearly designed
Vickers short-barrel
none of the
it
sales
were
large.
critetion.
few
This was,
the
with price
as
dominant
the
it
at least
had
a reliable
armor in
anything
In the
meantime
that
would
effect their
armor
in order to
manner of the
Medium
static
would
types of
sacrifice
speed
tanks
would be
role
to Vickers,
fast
and
where
which
initial cruiser
was
compromises
in the
The
and some
truly anachronistic
gun
turrets).
Within
A9 with
A9.
the
months
began
Al
from Vickers
to
later.
At
this point,
in April
a version of
937,
Mk A9
I
however, things
new concept.
result
faster,
particularly cross-country. In
1939
it
was
Cruiser
theA13Mk2.
Mk
was to be replaced by a
with
much
it is
By 1937
much
is
certainly
the
once
War Office
Woolwich. The
2pdr gun
Foundry Ltd
of it.
latter
and
in a
2-man
turret.
ROF
The
basic
as part
off to
at
Vulcan
of the expertise-expansion
on
this
much
modern production
Money for
production
was used
to place
first
May
lines
front.
go awry.
of a resurgent Germany
vehicle
Mk
governments
handed over
else.
The
Infantry
936.
favor,
in the
ways
support infantry
enemy defenses,
attacking prepared
in
now to be two
its
18
and
year,
Mk II
JANE'S
British
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1937
1936
between
1938 1939^
ROF), Vickers
Vickers and
Armored Cars
numbers
8
Crossley
Mk
Lanchester
IA
Mk
Lanchester
II
Guy Mk
users.
257
MG
Mk
VIB
MG
MG
Carrier No.1
Mk1
Carrier No.2
Mk1
final
10
Carrier
the
14
41
model
weak and
741
210
667
-
Universal Carrier
it
25
new
2,276
Mk
Light Tank
Mk HA
29
Light Tank
MkllB
21
Light Tank
Mk
III
Light Tank
Mk
IV
Light Tank
Mk V
22
Light Tank
Mk
VI
51
Light Tank
Mk
VIA
210
Light Tank
Mk
VIB
30
16
II
Mk
VIC
Light Tank
Mk
VII
416
Mk
II
Mk
III
Cruiser
Mk
IV (A1 3
Cruiser
MkV(A13Mk
Cruiser
Mk
Infantry
Mk
III
75
earlier
Due to
in the
Normandy
Mk
230
and
II,
no prototype
and
known
as the "tankette".
it
was
The Carden-
genesis in Britain
VIB co ntracts
its
441
300
R/ \?
Garden and
79
60
n the
1930s
The
light
tank saga
Based on the
earlier
is
considerably simpler.
Carden-Loyd
armed with
920s.
the late
similar,
but the
turret
a single
The Marks
to
machine gun
as
in
IV were all
one .5-inch)
armament. In addition
to the
it
1928 the
many prototypes in
the 1920s
marketing and
facilities
carriers,
through
and when
in
built. Instead,
carrier
1939.
it.
300
3)
100
Army &
used so
last in
to regular
invasion.
160
Mk2)
Valentine
Taken from
first
January-September
with the
100
(A1 2)
to 100,
65
(A11)
of the
generally
in July
it
specifically to carry
50
(A13)
II
25
forces,
(A10)
loss
Tanks
VI {A1 5)
I
468
Cruiser
Mk
167
Cruiser
Mk
to
(A9)
Infantry
70
III
Infantry
Mk
Metro-Cammell order
Mk
entirely
33
34
Infantr y
hammered
Cruiser
Light Tank
Light Tank
Medium Mk
light tanks,
earlier
was
MG
less reliable
Light Tanks
earlier
replaced
5mm Besa.
particularly the
1,301
Scout Carrier
it
Bren Carrier
the
The
Mark VIC,
50
Carrier
Because
95
Carrier
Cavalry Carrier
War
most
in the
in the desert.
far the
BEF and
12
Carrier
By
hull.
MkVI MG
100
Carriers
MG
definitive version
99
Alvis-Straussler
AOP
The
CS9
Morris
number of overseas
to a significant
practical version
first
Gun Carrier
under
license
by ROF.
to a
19
JANE'S
large
(Italy,
the
first
tanks,
demonstrate the
to
MG
carrier,
practical utility.
rendered
it
The
Works and
made
a questionable
meant
The
and the
933.
and
in
enlarged
trials
the
room
slightly,
for a third
facilitating
Office. Following
had room
crew
of
British
armored
cars
4x2 CS9
and
chassis,
armored
for a
many
cars
as
structure,
fact,
4x4 armored
artillery tractor.
car
order in 1939,
tank".
To
that
Guy "Quad-Ant"
when
in fact, that
a long-
of army and
armored
term answer. In
the
was referred
it
end
"wheeled
to as the
shared the
it
armament of the
new machines
member
was limited
to .303
Armament in all
Light Tanks
in the rear,
light tanks
vehicles were a
convinced the
cars,
work continued
most numerous
were used
each infantry
light
carriers
to
The
Army, unlike
in
99
Waggon
weapon would
British
The MG
platoon
be dismounted.
last deliveries
man
asset,
Nuffield.
a carrier
battalion, but
combat
form
to
little
traverse
it
role.
Development
of
armored
improvements
cars essentially
The Alvis
938
to
marker
and
Some
Vickers on evolutionary
to the
4x4 armored
at
in April
the
the
East,
MG and/or a Boys AT
were placed
rear,
produced
the
rifle.
for use
reconsider
after
rest
fix
its
position
was attempted
in
suit.
vehicle
firsr
last in
in reserve,
The US M3-series
was delivered
in
March 1945,
light
service.
and the
of the war.
on armored
Tetrarch,
to
A quick
gun tanks
reliability.
in
They continued
to the
They were
(1
tanks)
removed
to
Cruiser Tanks
The Marks
III
suitability
Scottish Railway
Left:
April 1945.
20
JANE'S
experience at
disastrous.
all.
The
The
firms building
Mark V
made
it
no fewer than
run
to
suppliers for
With
for
BEF
LMS supervision.
to
852 by
in early
,700.
MkVI
Crusader.
to join the
cruiser.
wasAl5, and
machines was
January 1943.
finally delivered in
trials
of these
and bridge-laying
remained
safely in the
UK
development and
it
for this
radiators,
The
result
Initial trials
although
it
showed
fast,
in
it
to be
more
how
gun was
the
cruiser
May 1941
reworked 2pdr
The need
VII
Mk
Mk
(A)
II
III
Mk
had
to
of
December
May
comparison
cruiser
1942.
too
it
to
its
had been
The Department
specifications that, in
There
initial
proceed with
six
Mk
until
6pdr-armed
for a
new tank
& Waggon
Infantry Tanks
Cruiser Tanks
Mk
also
to the detriment
months or so,
in
for the
six
turret,
make room
little
down.
Crabtree
IV
Mk V
MkVI
Mkl
Mkll
Mkll
14
(A)
English Electric
(A)
Foden
&
33
75
Wolff
45
Fowler
34
(A)
Leyland
10
LM.S.
Metro Cammell
(A)
75
(A)
31
39
N.B. Locomotive
22
14
190
(A)
30
39
(A)
Vauxhall Motors
43
Vickers Armstrong
31
Vulcan
55
(A)
50
87
72
10
85
38
(A)
it
73
Nuffield
J.
first
but
mount
to
retained
LightTanks
Harland
first
was made
it)
lost to
although
MkVIC
more than
larger gun.
Crusader
MkVIB
Crusader (the
placement of the
fact,
little
requirement
was
both.
called for
in the
capable of handling
heavier, fast
gun
larger
that the
The decision
foes.
reliable
and
1940
until early
would be undergunned
Crusader.
was not
appearance.
The specification
Covenanter
own,
its
last
rarely
in arriving.
to
was slow
Nuffield's
The Ministry of
the
little
II
guns.
that
Electric
These were
models of tank
1 1
as one).
tegfc
to
September 1940
21
(ANE'S
Prior
1939a
1942
1943
1944
Light Tanks
1001
MKVIC
MkVII
Mk
160
15
Trials in late
68
12
33
58
(A.9)
41
Mkll(A.IO)
Mk
Mk
49
159
43
(A.13)
III
IV (A.13
(A.13
Mk II)
Mk III)
VI (Crusader)
MkVII
less reliable
was
How
762
957
655
1342
6pdr
Cromwell
had taken
at the
seemed
likely
the old
now turned
to the
(if increasingly
160
73
64
50
their
own variant,
radical
come up with
design and
22
underpowered and
unreliable)
BRW&C's more
39
III
75mm
95mm How
Meteor.
334
23
220
1604
46
308
33
56
984
Tanks
II
IV (Churchill)
6pdr
IV (Churchill)
75mm
95mm How
IV (Churchill)
65
41
33
24
356
1038
1330
143
345
1621
1683
429
Cromwell
256
690
heavy model)
and the
In
November 1942
35
1258
73
809
61
180
171
[6]
[567]
[702]
A24 as
A27L as the
531
many of the
on which
it
reliability
used in combat.
214
OP
OP
Crusader
112
Cavalier
158
Centaur Hulls d
built,
none
182
352
Valentine Hulls 6
its
23
suspension developed by
102
Covenanter Bridgelayer
Crusader Oerlikon
69
AA
26
204
294
474
OP
126
95
Centaur Bulldozer
Churchill
2pdr to 6pdr
Churchill
6pdrto75mm
AVRE
armed with
250
Valentine Bridgelayer
42
174
153
505
Churchill Bridgelayer
Sherman OP
Sherman 17pdr
60
(Crab)
Sherman ARV
They served
for the
most
24
the
Normandy.
1339
446
593
52
44
22
cruiser
model with
43
1783
563
417
224
Once
53
for the
Ram GPO
Ram ARV
of
123
AA
a sort
generation cruiser.
Crusader Tractor
reliability
Conversions
Flail
from
suffered
898
AA
Crusader Bofors
Centaur Polsten
this
1102
the
I,
Specialized Variants
Crusader Hulls c
II,
734
966
all
Mkl (A.11)
Mk (A.12)(Matilda)
Mk III (Valentine) 2pdr/3" How
Mk III (Valentine) 6pdr
Mk IV (Churchill) 2pdr/3" How
350
34
Sept-Dec only
Jan-Sept only
look
1037
143
Sherman
145
Churchill
it
left in
771
Comet
Cavalier
room
907
Challenger
Infantry
was
27
161
Cromwell 6pdr
Cromwell
little
256
75mm
95mm How
Cromwell
it
(Cavalier)
Centaur
Mk
Mk
Mk
even
11
Centaur 6pdr
Centaur
22
(Covenanter)
VI (Crusader) 2pdr/3"
A24
that there
MkV
Mk
Mk
35
reception.
Cruiser Tanks
Mk
somewhat cooler
173
(Tetrarch)
added
later
1945^
the Rolls Royce
which they
Christie suspension), to
1940
conversion to bridgelayer
it
into a
British
Wartime Production
of
results as
gun. The
75mm M3
obviously,
fit
into a
JANE'S
6pdr mounting and starting in October 1943
componenrs. The
line
with
The
this
off the
With
weapon.
the
result
come up with
finally
Infantry Tanks
tank
the beefed-up
and
good
as
good
as
any
in
world. Unfortunately,
September
line until
was
it
still
not as
cruisers
They were
and
Rhine
The one
effective
main armament.
A perfectly good
76mm
in
A10 seems
as its hull
cruiser category.
They widened
mounting
this
and added an
accommodate
turret
with
a high, slab-sided
welded
armor had
unit.
Even
to be reduced,
due
February
to
its
The
The Valentine
tried to
do both,
A4l was
first
ofTmk
the
new vehicle,
running
length. In
the requirement
been given
results
fell
began.
trials
due
when
the
war ended
in
Europe.
and
were in
II
Valentine on
to bear
much
to the use
The
already totalled
the)'
of components from
first
upgunned
and then
lor
Design, their
extra roadwheel to
and
November 1943
new gun.
role
to have
be
to
weapon,
as a
faster,
crossing.
mid- 1942.
The
March 1945.
III
eight in
but output
form oi the
in the
effort,
a great
Mark
earlier tanks.
order.
quickly,
cross-
tela
to
sacrificing
75mm,
they were
94 1 They were
.
lives, first to
6pdr
one of the
attendant inefficiencies.
in the
UK well into
its
its
all-around
in
1943, the
The
for
British use.
With
all
it
down
a little
and
made
to halt
If the
fit
into the
integrity,
Cromwell
then one
in
fit
after
all.
October
it
Nevertheless,
was announced
be modified to
fire
that
it
would not
in
gun would
it
it
design a
new tank to
handed over
maximum
to Leyland,
23
JANE'S
Left: A Churchill
France, September
944. The
bomb 70
18-kg
a later
meters.
model when
British
that
became
available.
The
cast turret,
the No.
bulged
in the rear to
accommodate
US
available.
The
first
Lend-Lease
bill
and 1.271
US Army contracts
M3 mediums and
to
1,250
M3
The
result
Churchill.
The American
and
deliveries
began
in
June
1941.
up of the
Not surprisingly,
initial
reliable.
was committed
to action in Tunisia
it
it
this,
terrain.
caused the
them
Sherman,
their
to cross soft
ground that
US
them
still
September 1945.
been
US
until the
to
summer of
set
up
earlier,
but
this
concerned
and
M3 Lee (American)
M3 Grant (British) tanks.
with the
first
requirements and
production be switched to
1941
Light,
M2A4
Light,
M3
majority of these
but
all
models
Light,
1942
1943
1,039
59
1944
1945
36
736
M3A1
548
1,046
Light,
M3A3
1,520
525
23
Light,
M5A1
1,128
300
Light,
22
57
203
160
Light,
M24
164
125
229
1,522
Medium M3 Grant
Medium M3 Lee
900
252
Medium M4 (75mm)
190
2,154
90
Medium M4 (105mm)
438
21
264
121
563
1,259
71
385
4,153
489
14
Medium M4A3
Medium M4A4
129
5,392
1,632
53
81
124
40
Medium, M26E3
24
110
Recovery Vehicle
arrived to attempt to
24
The
A4 versions,
M32
Dewar Mission)
to the
itself
(the
of M3
would be
(2)
it
to
initial
as possible,
had
soon
They proved
but they
fixes
on standardization
as
A12
US Tank
US
quickly
mediums
particularly
batches were
insistence
It
Exports to the
Commonwealth
JANE'S
1942
1941
1945
1944
1943
February 1943.
in
known
The
as the
Mk
Light Tanks
140
UK
Middle East
Gun
1,611
306
239
637
169
46
unreliable,
and had a
522
407
nothing
complement
62
287
5,616
4.664
316
167
1,213
1,965
30
80
1,767
1,703
81
10
armor.
Medium Tank
UK
Middle East
Persia/Iraq
North Africa
Gibraltar
3
later
tall
the
88mm
Gun
difficulties in fitting
US Tank Shipments
among them
German
armor.
welcomed.
not
Of course,
directly to Britain.
armed
the
(M4),
(M4A2), IV (M4A3),
vehicle.
numbers
field
was
the
Sherman was
7pdr gun. By
late
have
(c)
(a) a
it
it
to
M34A1
to
all
all
did.
This led to
been notified
went
control)
to the
substantial portion
cruisers
Middle
went
where
in the
0-series tank
mounting a medium-
for
the
its
17pdrgun ramped up
it
to Italy,
turret
two years of
proved possible
to
British
as the Achilles
The first
first
all
to be
During the
A conversion kit
Sherman.
943
to use the
amenable
all
destroyer, essentially a
open-topped
greatly
II
V (M4A4).
designate
a 76 m into
was
used
"A"
suffix
The
III
need
(M4A1),
an effective gun to
Italy
Destinations of
Carrier was
for
thick frontal
equipment.
note:
to
converted to
ongoing
685
582
Persia/Iraq
North Africa
Carrier, 3"
armament,
from an
German
tanks.
AA guns, rendered
in fixed superstructures
and
Churchill chassis.
initial
vehicles.
in
removed
a further
for use as
majority of
,
27 by
262
in
gun-towing
the war.
gun on the
the powerful
Production was a
An initial examination
exceeding seven in a
The
cost.
and remained
on
reduced
their turrets
mount them
factories
One
as this
chassis
of a
mount
British tank.
it
know until
1941
arriving tanks,
be converted -
The
1943
17pdr configuration
of 2,100 Sherman Vs to
as the "Firefly",
but in
as well.
moved back to
gunner position
in favor
23
1945 3
17pdr Archer
354
307
17pdrA.30 Avenger
25
95mm
45
986
403
520
20cwt
Churchill
Alecto
Conversions
M10
could be
26
1944
fact
The
1943
Production
3"
1942
to
17pdr
Imports
3"M10/M10A1
3"
a
M10/M10A1
(less
gun)
1,123
January-September
of ammunition
&
Assault Guns
one major
25
JANE'S
to
TANKS OF WORLD
WAR
II
to Valentine.
At
1941
first,
to Vickers to
develop a
Bishop 25pdr
this
1943
137
13
497
335
M7
new vehicle
105mm
Priest
Sexton 25pdr
146
The
resultant vehicle
The
it
title
for 800,
although
SP Birch guns
It
was
modified A.30
no
Middle East
56cm
lower
latter
saw no combat
The sole
real
its
service.
British assault
gun was
the Alecto.
SP infantry gun
solution was to
mount
the
an attack. The
95mm howitzer (a
May
Metro-Cammell
Hopkins
00
to be
completed
as Alectos.
to
300
Right: An
cars.
This was
low
priority,
car
in
Aden,
however,
939.
in
June
home
1
94
vehicles,
filled.
With
June
were quickly
was not
urgently requested a
and
retired,
a standard
a substitute
but their
05mm howitzer
weapon of the
British
Army
Ram
their
a
M7,
for
for a further
weapons and
fighting
the
deliveries
its
result, the
vehicles
vehicle
little
no
The mobile
when
possessed
943.
self-propelled
it
Command
a basis
1920s of a battery of
like
self-propelled artillery.
in the
American
led
26
in the late
The formation
final
The extemporized
The
n/a
1,220
series
1945
was usually
of the
flrsr
1944
Imports
was given
1942
Production
August.
in
A contract
November and
last
of these vehicles,
known
as the
Army's standard SP
artillery.
500
Sexton, were
M7s
JANE'S
Armored Cars
1940
1939a
for four-wheel drive
The need
armored
cars
1943
1944
150
1,686
282
721
586
653
1941
1942
657
873
135
1945
had
Production
lare
930s, bur
was nor
it
Armored Cars
firsr rrials
of such vehicles
designation
Daimler
to the
was placed
Humber (37mm)
Quad Ant
moved
Guy Wheeled
were
five
moved
it
561
22
1,574
1,071
348
198
Humber"
work
to
511
2,775
266
830
508
body and
558
Armored Cars
Canadian
GM
(.50cal)
276
841
157
2,687
continue
999
T17E2(AA)
Guy was
206
Imports
T17E1
1,302
1,257
957
2,250
Beaverettes
cars
1,528
2223
Morris"
armored
220
the welder.
With
63
cars the
The main
200
Humber
modern armored
contribution of the
293
Daimler
by
available
(6pdr)
Scout Cars
the
38
(2pdr)
AEC
Coventry
They
AEC
500
119
AEC (75mm)
Light Tank.
101
Humber (15mm)
Guy
Guy
a design
T18E2
30
M8
494
1,355
413
902
1,407
761
185
23
6,584
621
Marmon-Herrington
348
IV
it
Scout Cars
allowed the
quite neatly.
use
to the rear,
Guy built a
reliable
cars,
now called
rugged
a
the
his
made production
compartment
Mk
The
December
featured a
new
American
37mm
7.92mm
Finally, that
in
turret that
2pdr gun
mounted an
car.
For
time
a British
May
such as two-speed
The
hull,
this
car,
and
A fluid
It
such
of the
trials
car
They took
as
their
was
Mk II
improvements,
rear to
and
built as a
AEC company.
Matador medium
tractor and,
heavy, the
than the
AEC Mk
earlier
armored
cars
and
to
escort.
armored
form of a
22 were
a large,
so design
result
hull
and
7.92mm
heavy vehicle
was the
The
The
was limited
to
convoy
to waste
2pdr gun,
6pdr version.
service in Italy
heavy armored
200
for
Mk II saw
to yield a
North
a different turret
Besa.
shame
to carry a
The
gun
largest
a range of minor
came from
Africa,
which featured
turrets
bridgelayers.
The
armored car
in the
Valentine
mounted on
Besa.
own
mounting.
first
Humber Mk IV,
1942, about a
of
easier
a bit roomier.
first
Wartime Deliveries
much
rhe
War
and made
their chassis,
September-December only
car.
75mm
Production
US M3 75mm half-track
happy with
it.
car
27
JANE'S
jointly by
Humber and
surprisingly,
combined
it
armored
the producers'
Not
Daimler.
features
cars. It
had
shape most
went
by two drive
axles driven
man
turret
two-man
Mk
and
turret
Mk
75mm gun.
began
Daimler and
production
Two
Deliveries of
both the
to replace
They did,
lines.
at that plant,
three. In
proven
was completed
in
own vehicle.
but the
37mm gun,
their
in British
roominess
of operation.
as a
III
Ironsides
and
II
as
still
used the
and Morris
III
made them
when
and Commonwealth
service. It
unclear
is
lightly-armored,
promulgated, but
trials
promise, one by
938.
and
retested in
939.
placed in
BSA
With
the
fall
A crash program to
on
War Office. As
Beaverettes
Humber armored
to
quad
US
built.
AA armored
via Lend-Lease,
have been
little
used.
MG,
A standardized vehicle
gun and
7.92mm
Besa
I.
substantial
tanks.
mounting more
weapons on the
The first to
chassis
of cruiser
mount, with
one with
an
a 2" mortar.
carrier
was
two
arrangements.
a variant of the
of the
The
The AOP
in
was developed
uniquely British
production
II
on automobile
chassis.
The
of
in
February
943
as the
being delivered
Crusader AA
Mk
hulls
limited payload
I.
turret ran
had
and
stowage
carrier
the
Two variants
battalions,
mortar
Oerlikon.
Carrier.
result
for the
the
field
Mk was followed
by orders totalling 800 of the Mk II version, 460
initial
mount
to
of
Mks I and
vehicles, based
program
their protection.
armor
7.92mm
car,
also a
There was
steel or, in
28
especially
Carriers
delivered
Anti-Aircraft Vehicles
in the interim).
M 14,
the
cars
four
The US
turret.
II
RAF
in the
divisions to the
and
Humber
AFV bodies,
the
more
the
"light reconnaissance
models, such
turret
20mm
more conventional
initial
in lieu
II
before completion.
vehicles with
its
1942.
in late
Crusader AA
chassis
and
as the
Is
vehicles.
result, the
as the
guns
for
RAF for
car".
17E1, known
500
curtailed at about
The
MGs and
also acquired
Mk III featured a
this
on building
program was
Beaverette
June. Although
in
was protected by
airfield
to keep
when
The
1940.
turret with a
the
Humbers
so
also built
after
Mk II with a
at a
began
raiders).
with a three-
the Coventry
1
shafts.
factories,
were
to a
WAR
from both of
TANKS OF WORLD
made them
feeling
logistical
inefficient.
in service
JANE'S
Not all
to this
roles required
carrier
was developed.
it
Carrier,
Bren
Carrier,
Scout
Universal (Bren)
communications and
fill
Commonwealth
requirements
the
Windsor
Loyd
245
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945 b
6,906
4,193
6,489
6,890
1,818
493
6,879
5,084
663
196
645
2,160
2,415
184
618
2,648
4,878
9,721
46
4,693
8,200
604
1940
Canada
as
US as the T 16.
331
1,874
611
4,955
US Production
Carrier, T1
a
The US
2,346
Universal (AOP)
1939a
British Production
was
To
Prior
September-December only
January-September only
the
April
1945.
29
JANE'S
Light Tanks,
Marks to V
I
Carden-Loyd
armed with
carriers.
a single
The Mks
I-IV were
all
Mk III
Mk II
in the
The
turrets.
Mk V
"
fast,
their
their
ground, although
this
was
slightly less
Mk V.
a
tm
Obsolete by
North
Africa.
Mk V
light
ot the
on
the
left,
(but
still
Front
3.40
Side
Width (m)
1.30
Engine
Height (m)
2.12
Weight (tonnes)
4.68
Front
Length (m)
3.92
Side
Width (m)
2.01
Engine
Height (m)
2.20
HP
12
9
88
60
Mark VI
Mk V,
The driver
3.83
Length (m)
Light Tank,
old No.
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
in the turret.
The
late in the
rear.
production
Thus
the
Mk VI-VIB
of Mk VI B were completed
7.92mm and a
as Mk VIC with a
5mm Besa, the latter more
and inaccurate
in burst fire
The
less reliable
due to whipsaw of
role,
useful
by default served
as a
A basic Mk
30
VI light tank
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
HP
14
9
88
58
Tank,
The Tetrarch marked
a radical departure
It
WORLD WAR
Mark VII
(Tetrarch)
from
had four
drive sprocket,
and
warp
utilized
steering in
2pdrgun
7.92mm MG
were built
as
A small number
in the turret.
CS versions
which
in
a 3"
howitzer
into
their usefulness
two-man
coaxial Besa
turret
was
and
in storage to
A few were
Normandy invasion.
Mark
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
6.8
Front
Length (m)
4.05
Side
Width (m)
2.31
Height
2.11
(in)
16
n/a
25
Tank,
This was
with
a further
and
added
to
(Harry Hopkins)
a redesigned turret
steering system
Mark VIM
The unique
assist
The armament
improve
AP
made
it
it
came
into service
SP
saw combat
It
result, the
Hopkins
either,
being too
late.
Mk
VIII
Hopkins
light
'!.
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
7.7
Front
Length (m)
4.34
Side
Width (m)
2.74
Engine
Height (m)
2.11
HP
38mm
n/a
148
50
tank
31
JANE'S
TANKS OF WORLD
WAR
and building
light
during the
official
i.e.,
this
V-A designation
system.
They
mounting
machine
a single rifle-caliber
and
1
1mm.
7mm to
wide
thin armor,
and
sold.
Their
lack of a radio
continued to soldier on
in a
as
China,
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
3.02
Front
Length (m)
3.54
Side
Width (m)
1.91
Engine
Height (m)
1.98
Vickers Armstrong
light
tank model
1935
Vickers
the late
1920s, the
Medium E was
usually
armed with
machine gun
Medium
E,
a single
field
of fire. The
of
latter
(47mm)
MG.
three
60
88
HP
Radios were
or
a horizontal, air-cooled,
Siddeley engine.
4-cylinder Armstrong
its
mn
single turret
trials,
32
1931
medium
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
7.02
Front
Length (m)
4.54
Side
Width (m)
2.17
Engine
Height (m)
2.40
HP
17
n/a
80
37
Mark
Cruiser,
The
first
of the new
(A9)
of cruiser tanks
armament configuration of a
featured an archaic
series
WORLD WAR
more
front.
powerful,
and
in
tank proved
hand,
its
was
turret. After
continued
It
power
reliable,
to
On
show weaknesses.
armor was
the other
arms
fire
a quarter
of 125
2pdr
-v
gun.
Cruiser
Mk
CS
(TMB)
Cruiser,
Mark
II
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
10.8
Front
Length (m)
5.83
Side
Width (m)
2.52
Engine
Height (m)
2.52
HP
14
n/a
150
42
(aio)
this
and
the hull
its
and
thickness.
to have carried a
however,
The original
model was
to
double
front,
empty to
simplify
supply.
The
weapon
for a
ammunition
the Vickers
-*
,.-.-,*
About
a quarter
CS
Mk
I,
some Mk lis
were sent
to France
served in
North Africa
until retired in
194
<-
'^S&rt'-'^'ii^ei' "*i-
Weight (tonnes)
Cruiser
Mk
II
in
the desert
(TMB)
12.38
Front
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Length (m)
5.47
Side
Width (m)
2.51
Engine
Height (m)
2.54
HP
30
n/a
150
27
33
JANE'S
TANKS OF WORLD
Cruiser Marks
The Mk III
cruiser
It
in the turret,
III
WAR
7
II
& IV (A13)
2pdr gun
bow
having no
(maximum 4mm)
as the
Mk
cruiser
and was
the
and
Mk
with the
II.
The
produced
Mk Ills were
retrofitted
Mk IV.
Some
Libert)'
engine
CS versions
of
either model.
Weight (tonnes)
Cruiser
Mk
IV with the
Cruiser
This was an evolution of the
built in
horizontally-opposed engine.
version)
and
a Besa
gun
Width (m)
2.50
Engine
Height (m)
2.57
barely),
340
50
new
Armament
MG in the turret.
for
HP
30
n/a
horn the
(mm)
consisted of a 2pdr
Armor (mm)
armor thickness
the increased
Front
Side Armor
mount (TMB)
start in a
13.28
5.98
Length (m)
its
time
CS
The
(if just
fast,
with
attempted
fixes
Covenanter all
at
and repeated
the
UK and
Cruiser
34
MK V
As
it
a result,
left
Covenanter (TMB)
Width (m)
2.59
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Engine HP
Height (m)
2.22
Weight (tonnes)
16.2
Front
40
Length (m)
5.76
Side
n/a
300
52
Mark VI
Cruiser
Developed
but slightly
in parallel with,
favor of a
Crusader
later
more
improved
(A15)
abandoned
in
reliability. It
was
side,
which
second Besa in
The Crusader
dispensed
II
increased the
armor
slightly
Crusader
III
to accept a
at the cost
of one
it
proved
fast
unreliable.
in the
but
service
Crusader
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
17.1
Front
Length (m)
5.96
Side
Width (m)
2.61
Engine
Height (m)
2.22
HP
49
n/a
340
45
(TMB)
Cruiser
Mark VII
(A24)
Cavalier
turret that
thicker
armor
accommodated both
the
more
efficient fighting
somewhat
less reliable
saw combat
as
gun
were converted
and used
artillery
hull,
fitted
with
but some
in that role in
equipment
installed.
Weight (tonnes)
23.85
Length (m)
6.31
Width (m)
2.88
Height (m)
2.42
Front
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Engine HP
Road Speed (km/hr)
Side
76
n/a
410
40
(TMB)
35
T
)AN E'S TAN KS OF
WORLD WAR
Cruiser Centaur
The Centaur was almost identical
to the
to permit a
new
Rolls
available,
The
Mks I and
built,
II
7.92mm
Besa, the
III
was the
gun.
first
75mm
tanks in
in
Weight (tonnes)
24.75
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
Length (m)
6.31
Side
Width (m)
2.89
Engine
Height (m)
2.47
(TMB)
kits
HP
76
n/a
395
45
Cruiser Cromwell
The Cromwell
Meteor. This
the top
on
to prevent
Mk
running
gear.
The
a coaxial
The Mk II
to the
7.92mm
front.
damage
it
Mk IV
6pdr with
MG and
used a
Cromwell was
have been.
its
not
still
predecessors, the
as reliable as
it
should
it's
that the
it
entered combat.
Weight (tonnes)
Cromwell IV
36
24.75
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
Length (m)
6.31
Side
Width (m)
2.89
Engine
Height (m)
2.47
HP
76
n/a
600
67
WORLD WAR
Cruiser Challenger
The Challenger was
attempt to
a largely unsuccessful
modified Cromwell
widened
accommodate a tall,
to
wide
wo loaders), the
,30cal
hull.
men
(including
eliminated as a result.
chassis
was
had
to
be reduced
on the Cromwell
to
front
armor thickness
from
75mm
still
side
armor from
compensation.
The lengthened
driving difficult
Cromwell.
and
it
When it proved
made
hull
was no more
reliable
possible to
than
mount
the 17pdr in a
Weight (tonnes)
28.35
Front
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Length (m)
7.98
Side
Width (m)
2.87
Engine
Height (m)
2.64
HP
102
n/a
600
53
Challenger (TMB)
Comet
Cruiser
The
final
development of the
Comet, was
cruiser, the
fast
and
had
agile,
the
It
lost little
of
second one
turret
Cromwell.
77mm gun,
fitted in
were
all
later versions
of
first
time.
Cromwell,
as
were
war
in
British
as the
last
^oi
The
It
29.25
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
Length (m)
7.86
Side
Width (m)
3.03
Engine
Height (m)
2.60
HP
101
n/a
600
48
37
T
JAN E'S TAN KS OF
Infantry Tank,
The original
V-8 engine.
It
was
Mk
WORLD WAR
(ah)
Matilda
model Ford
overloaded.
made
small size
Nevertheless,
frontal
it
its
it
their last
combat.
The
Mk
Infantry tank
any German
to
lost
its
rather inconspicuous.
were
good and
BEF
in
built,
of its
of which 97
Weight (tonnes)
(TMB)
Infantry Tank,
Confusingly, once the
when
Matilda, and
Mk
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
4.51
Side
Width (m)
1.96
Engine
Height (m)
1.81
Mark
II
(A12)
HP
60
n/a
70
13
Matilda
simply became
9.9
Length (m)
known
as the
modifications were
was reused
to
mean
weight
it
a larger
predecessor.
its
and
a coaxial
MG (Vickers in Matilda
I,
Besa in
AEC
diesels, later
The
hull castings
made
turret left
consigned
no room
for a larger
to obsolescence
it
by
late
1942.
Weight (tonnes)
Infantry tank
Mk
II
Matilda
(TMB)
23.85
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
Length (m)
5.60
Side
Width (m)
2.57
Engine
Height (m)
2.42
HP
78
n/a
174
25
JANE'S
Infantry Tank,
The Valentine utilized
coaxial Besa
upgunned
Mark
III
Valentine
sans
Al
Cruiser.
The
to
to a
6pdr but
lost the
iVIG to
make
with
MG.
built versions
Valentines
III
compromise
represented a
turrets.
They
oi characteristics, too
armament
some models.
were
in
reliable
Nevertheless, they
Right: Valentine
Below:
2pdr(TMB)
Valentine
Mk X
and mineclearers.
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
14.4
Front
65
Length (m)
5.38
Side
n/a
Width (m)
2.60
Engine
Height (m)
2.24
HP
131
25
39
[ANE'S
Infantry Tank,
(if
Mk VII used a
double-hull construction, with an inner layer 2mm thick
painfully) sorted out.
The
Churchill up to
plates.
system,
left a lot
interior
roomy.
The
and
The
Churchill
The Mks
in the
II
III
and
Mk IV also seeing
the shift from welded to cast turret. The Mk V used a
95mm howitzer as a close-support tank. The Mk VI was a
Mk IV with a 75mm gun in lieu of the 6pdr. The Mk VII
IV
replaced the
marked
2pdr with
maximum armor
1
the
102mm
to
95mm howitzer.
and
II
models were
to
IV (75NA), while
were converted
to
a large
also
made
with
its
First
column Churchill
II,
34.65
35.10
Length (m)
7.42
7.42
Width (m)
3.23
3.23
Height (m)
2.47
2.73
102
102
Front
Armor (mm)
Side Armor
Engine
(mm)
HP
Top: Churchill
infantry tank
n/a
n/a
350
350
26
26
AVRE
WORLD WAR
chassis of the
proven Valentine
tank.
facing rearward
No
under-armor
gun was
carried for
Browning
or a
carried
(1
and
.30cal
39 rounds
vehicle's
Bren
for the
vacant in order to
fire
the
had
gun constrained
Archer
SP
Army
it
its
it
remained
be
powerful
rear,
to
in service
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
14.4
Front
60
Length (m)
6.64
Side
n/a
Width (m)
2.73
Engine
Height (m)
2.22
33
Front
60
Side
n/a
HP
192
a hurried
attempt to create
gun
The
chassis of the
in the hull, so an
open-topped box-
mount
The
gun on an open AA
of only
the gun.
5 degrees,
which
elevation
of
sense in that
it
it
reliable
They served
in
North
Width (m)
2.59
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Engine HP
Height (m)
2.75
Weight (tonnes)
Length (m)
15.48
5.50
131
25
Bishop SP 25 pdr
41
JANE'S
on
chassis
the Silver
Ghost 4x2
The 924
I.
Pattern
a slightly
commander.
for the
armed with
All were
MG in the turret.
1 1
th Hussars in
On
the
Egypt
RAF lifted
placed
AT rifle. The
and
and
rifle
Lewis
MG on top.
Once modified
for local
clearly obsolete
by
combat
Weight (tonnes)
3.7
Front
Length (m)
4.92
Side
Width (m)
1.93
Engine
Height (m)
2.54
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
shortly thereafter.
Armored
HP
9
9
50
75
Car, Lanchester
The
Lanchester.
and
and
a flat
bed
at
Marks
and IA had
radios,
Armament consisted of a
inch Vickers
hull
machine gun.
A total of 8 Mk 4 Mk IA,
Mk
II
and
6
Mk
IIA were built. Despite their
7
next to the driver.
1,
the war.
Malaya
in
forces in
Weight (tonnes)
6.26
Front
Length (m)
6.10
Side
Width (m)
2.01
Engine
Height (m)
2.82
Lanchester
Mk (TMB)
I
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
HP
9
9
88
75
WAR
improving
KT4
4x4
The
the power-to-weight
ratio.
to the
reliability.
turret.
which
deck
also
grille to clear
driving in reverse.
cramped space
turret providing
when
to a
new
men.
for three
The
American
overshadowed
Although
late in the
Humber
end of
in service to the
the conflict.
Humber Mk
II
Armor (rnm)
Armor (mm)
15
Weight (tonnes)
6.39
Front
Length (m)
4.55
Side
Width (m)
2.15
Engine
Height (m)
2.20
75
Weight (tonnes)
6.75
Front
Length (m)
3.94
Side
n/a
Width (m)
2.43
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Engine HP
Height (m)
2.22
HP
n/a
90
armored car
armored
cars in
earlier
having no frame.
components were
The
tour
preselector transmission.
to that used
on theTetrarch
featured a 2pdr
coaxial. In
The
gun with
turret
light
was similar
tank and
7.92mm
MG
Besa
major defect
in vehicles
line elements.
provided for
as
fast reversing.
The
Mk II differed
Daimler
armored
cars,
Mk armored
I
to
them
agile.
16
95
83
car
43
JANE'S
II
cars.
The
long,
narrow
hull
armored
British
Normal
cars.
drive
was
to the
rough
from
terrain.
Mk
The
bridgelayers,
armed with
7.92mm
coaxial
Besa.
The Mk II
and
new
turret
with a
Mk III replaced
the
car regiments
it
for
featured a
the ground-loading a
little
It
was
fire
support
a bit tall
and
Weight (tonnes)
Length (m)
AEC Mk
II
armoured car
11.43
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
5.40
Side
Width (m)
2.68
Engine
Height (m)
2.67
HP
30
n/a
158
68
The
turret
and
Humber and
Daimler.
approximated
shafts.
As
to use axles
in the Daimler,
enemy.
coaxial
Mk
Armament consisted
7.92mm
version.
75mm gun
of a 2pdr and a
A Mk 2 version mounted a
(losing
one
turret
crewman
to
make
popular that
it
An
remained
in
the Coventry.
Weight (tonnes)
Coventry
Mk armoured
I
car
10.35
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
Length (m)
4.71
Side
Width (m)
2.64
Engine
Height (m)
2.35
HP
14
n/a
175
68
Light
The
WORLD WAR
Humber,
light
940
loss
of BEF
3-man crew,
all
at
open-topped
and
turret
with
Bren gun on
The
left.
his right
radio
into
which
mounted. The
Boys AT
Mk
could be
Mk II was 4x4.
but the
rifle
The Humber
Mk and Mk
two
The
III.
Mk
II
with
turret
were unarmed, but the Mk III had a
reconnaissance car was 4x2 in the
and 4x4
versions
Bren gun
face for
Morris
at the rear,
an AT
light
in the
first
and
slit in
the forward
rifle.
anti-aircraft versions
Front
14
4.01
Side
n/a
Width (m)
2.02
Engine
Height (m)
1.87
HP
72
83
Tanks
of the
light
Light AA Tank Mk
Mk VIA light tank fitted with a power-
The
of the
3.33
Length (m)
reconnaissance car
Antitank.
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
7.92mm
and featured
including
number of improvements,
a better
turret, a roomier,
more
and regiment
and served
in
tank battalion
A Mk
II
light
AA
in use.
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
4.7
Front
Length (m)
3.93
Side Armor
Width (m)
2.06
Engine
Height (m)
2.20
(mm)
HP
14mm
n/a
88
58
tank
45
JANE'S
Anti-Aircraft Tank,
The
original Crusader
Crusader AA
II
with a Bofors
III
AA II
model
with twin
a
crew of two,
commander/gunner and
The
Crusader AA
II
III
radio was
to the
moved from
AA
the
The design
turret space.
mechanical
reliability
little
all
operational
mgtefr
in storage
in Britain.
Weight (tonnes)
Length (m)
Crusader
AA
II
anti-aircraft tank
c19.8
Front
Armor (mm)
5.96
Side Armor
Width (m)
2.61
Engine
Height (m)
C2.25
51
(mm)
n/a
HP
340
45
British
these
armored force of
little
all
The Mk VI was a
left
a single rifle-caliber
tiny vehicle
sat side-by-side
on the
Italy,
license-producing
The
with the
driver sat
with
a Vickers
the
a popular,
as
ammunition but
little
little else.
ground
Weight (tonnes)
1.22
Front
Length (m)
2.46
Side Armor
Width (m)
1.75
Engine
Height (m)
1.22
A Mk
46
VI with
armored head-covers
in
Armor (mm)
(mm)
HP
9mm
9mm
40
40
515
WORLD WAR
Pre-War
Carriers,
The
specialized roles.
first
was the
MG carrier
MG for
the infantry.
right
left.
Bren
and the
a small
A slightly
at the rear.
light
fitted
with unprotected
fitted
with
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
3.6
Front
12
Length (m)
3.66
Side
n/a
Width (m)
2.11
Engine
Height (m)
1.37
HP
65
50
MG
Mk
carrier No.2
in
1938
Carrier, Universal
The successor to
carriers, the
open-topped
increased
front
and
gunner on the
right.
but a
mount at
the left
Normally a
a pintle
'
its utility.
#?
the center.
The
rear
The AOP
weapon port
in the front
pairs,
was optimized
and carried
for
a radio at
designed
carrier
amount
of
ammunition,
in
72 rounds, and
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
3.6
Front
Length (m)
3.76
Side
Width (m)
2.11
Engine
Height (m)
1.60
HP
12
n/a
85
53
armament
47
British
Commonwealth
& Empire
The Commonwealth provided
critical quantities
of light armored
cars in
and
experience in tank construction, by the time they were ready the easy
Australia
A handful of Vickers medium tanks had been purchased in the 1920s, but
these had worn out by the start of the war. A single primitive armored car,
designated model LP-1 (local pattern) had been built on a Ford 4x2 truck
chassis in
24
937.
as
LP-2
in 1936.
in the Spring of
(plus
one from
1936 an
British
thereafter.
of armored
cars, the
built
on the
was
similar,
plate.
The LP-4
The
at the rear
turret
was
fitted
and the
top.
With
their
LP-4
vehicles
removed from
942,
when
they were
service.
Commonwealth
that the
were similar
JANE'S
WAR
TANKS OF WORLD
1940
1941
1943
1942
1944
1945
although some
Both
Australia
long-barrel
LP 3 Armored Car
LP 4 Armored Car
220
;
AC-1 Sentinel
Universal (Bren
& MG)
Carri er
160
1,577
fitted to
25
40
22
44
2,135
1,086
115
285
Ram Tank
Grizzly
Tank
27
1,100
821
Sexton 25pdr SP
Ram OP
GM
40 Matilda
By
April.
404
Tank
Windsor
strength in Australia.
useful, if somewhat
2,927
841
902
1,407
1,129
632
howitzer.
761
185
March
8,595
9,429
6,601
188
1,053
95
104
Armored Car
IP
Mk
III
33
1,460
1,842
202
74
207
fitted
The
in
tanks
18
with "Frog"
2,006
656
CS version
the
2,989
on Borneo.
Wirh
-
IP Carrier
in jungle
India
Wheeled
undergunned,
462
1,236
Carrier
304 were on
84
British released
424
-
942 the
276
-
II
188
Armored Car
no
104
199
943
to see
73
fleet.
198
portions of the
Canada
Valentine 2pdr Tank
and short-barrel
a potential
deployment
to
Europe
in
still
for
mind,
New Zealand
Shermans, but no action was
purchase of 31
.
Beaverette
taken and in
March 1944
Universal (LP2)
(Bren/MG) Carrier
46
683
481
South Africa
Marmon-Herrington
Marmon-Herrington
II
Marmon-Herrington
III
Marmon-Herrington
IV
135
887
the Pacific.
1,210
1,368
348
as the
413
1,355
after the
first
war was
over.
Also included
this
in the
was withdrawn
after
(known
as Local Pattern)
and the
about a
originals
components.
the
weapon on
carriers.
actually
Both mounted
first
Australia's
substantial contribution to
fall
of the
Indies in
carrying 50
Herrington
148
ships
Marmonto
complemented ten
shipped from the
little
in July
when 270
94 1
to
The M3s
US
for familiarization,
Marmon-Herringtons were
albeit
but the
suitable only
was made
to develop
and produce
year,
effort
without
as the
Alter
Dutch East
Australia
begun
traverse.
The
An
some
50mm of armor.
suitable automotive
from a lack of
components,
prototype
AC-1
was
to permit the
armored
that
(Australian Cruiser 1)
divisions.
Minus 20
were shipping
losses,
was
after
year.
it
little
the
was completed
in
in
no previous tank
and an ingenious
(gasoline)
were the
March/April
942.
first
to arrive, starting in
clover-leaf coupling of
Nicknamed
the
to
JANE'S
Right Two-thirds
cars on parade,
it
starting
series in
coming
off the
production line
armed with
built, as
now climbed)
A prototype AC-3
in
was
LP3 armored
939 (PMK).
was an AC-4
(set
up
to receive a
tanks had
it
was
felt
that
As
a result,
scout cars as
require
210
its initial
local design
Ford
wheel drive.
completed
in
to four-
were
built
by Ford
at
and the
up alarmingly
942.
The
in operation. It
sluggish,
to heat
was declared
and Lewis
order covered
from
placed in August
vehicles.
M3A1
The
first
to be
00
in
Pacific,
armored
was begun
light
in late
with
car.
Design work
model completed
test results
armored
in
month
It
had
Wheeled
a long, thin
car.
semi-open-topped boat-
its
in the
a radio operator. It
and
side plates.
with
Although
maximum armor
939.
From
this plans
easily-available
only.
more
carrier,
94 1
in
1941 and
In July
Group
for
2,000 in
late
to
and
Autumn,
was
In
production
later.
Army. The
Carrier.
vehicle families
cars.
where
first
LP 2/2A carriers
March 1944
to,
rifle
Boys AT
eventually arrived. In
to
program
as the
initial
service.
a production
Geelong using
and
16mm,
production.
carrier,
was
trialled in
as well.
To create an
anti-tank vehicle
shield.
failures,
this
February
May
1942 and
for
that the
new model
The
deliveries
it
became apparent
effective anti-tank
weapon and
to be the
Bren light
for vehicles
remaining
in
For
106
would be
Company,
51
JANE'S
developments.
training tanks,
and
250
to this
to find
in the hull.
built a
the automotive
*.'.*_
chassis
of the 2pdr
mortar on
Carrier.
carrier,
to
a 3"
Mortar
also
October
in
had no requirement
The
last
the
Army decided
all
they
some
all.
frustrating delays
August 1 94 1 The
.
initial
first
early
mid-
in
the
in
with
as the
CM diesel,
Valentine IV),
The main
difference
opposed
was completed
Canada
a further four to
armored car
battalions.
No
armored vehicles
available were
2 Carden-Loyd
light tanks
On
Canada
in
936.
offered
without tanks.
On 27 May
Canada
next
to
new Valentine
for
tank.
488 ranks
training issue
Pacific
Railway shop
in
Right: Canadian
52
if
The
Shermans
in
CM diesel as
the Netherlands,
1945
prototype
Ram
difficult
than
in early
1943 but
CPR
was never
it
Britain
30 machines held
for
and shipped
to the Soviet
Union
in
to
look at
first
and
as the first
tanks
first
in the latter, as
six Militia
original.
Army converted
a turret
The
line in
reorganization of the
armor and
for
The 1936
batch were
III
gear of the
retained in
sea
and
Ram
Canada
for Training,
104 were
by Canadian
lost at
UK for use
forces.
who converted
about half
and about
APCs. Of those
still
US
II.
carriers,
and the
in
into
a third into
300
JANE'S
Rams
both
for use in
NW Europe
and
Italy
as
Rams were
By
Ram
II
reached
full
production of a
to
M4A1 known as
hull,
artillery.
to
UK, converted
Shermans
for
its
to
with
Rams briefly,
operations in
Sherman
units
arrival
its
and then
The
Sicily.
Army was
Armoured
(M4A2) due
to
Indeed,
was
it
supply
as
by the Canadian
combat. Designed
that of the
successful
artillery
in
Ram
in a
to
it
by the
was adopted
British
converted to
as the
in the
its
M7s
UK were also
command vehicles
The
and
predecessor.
their efforts at
less
somewhat
chassis
and automotive
come
in late 1940,
and
in
to
GM 4x4
when
the Canadian
of proper
they
that,
carriers.
These
to
war
Canadian Armored
Carrier Regiment.
The delays
that afflicted
much of Canadian
Humber IV on
considerably
overloaded through
and
its life,
regarded as "inadequate".
It
was only
briefly
byT17El Staghounds
in the
used Lynx
two
later
on
Humber Ironside.
it
Sicily
worst of
The
943.
fix
with the
Humber III
units,
was
becoming
light reconnaissance
the
New Zealand
The New Zealand Army had no armored
vehicles until the arrival in April
Britain,
939 of six
which were
the nine
mounted
rifle
ofmotorization.
The decision
to
overseas service as a
full
Humber IVs
establishments was
made
reconnaissance regiments.
initially
its
British models.
faults of
Canadian wheeled
abandoned.
left
and
and modification
which eliminated
mount
II
third
The Canadians
both lineages.
Canada seems
II
of the
The
Canadian
all,
surprising that
structures to
by Lynx
The
Once
the Lynx,
as
standard SP
Army, replacing
NW Europe. Sextons
vehicles as
manner similar
creative.
known
to reliability. In
local design
version, simpler
forces
popular.
for 4.2"
staffs
own
the
Canadian
to
Europe.
development
in
mover
AT guns in
III
difficulties.
the
of mass production,
program over
was delivered
to masters
NZEF for
division to British
in
to
September 1939,
equip
it
on
arrival.
53
JANE'S
Left:
pattern Beaverette.
on
larger
by virtue of using
Ford
Two
Workshops
the Hutt
The NZ Beaverette
and
The NZ
oil pipes.
Gun or a
Boys AT
Beaverettes were
rifle.
mounted
rifle),
and
Bren
carriers
manned and
NZ Division, although
led by Kiwis,
was a
directly
from
British stocks in
of 44
carriers
and 28
such as
light tanks
Marmon-Herrington armored
1941, but lost
all
shortly thereafter.
their
cars in early
equipment
in
Greece
as
942
1943 the
an armored car
Middle
was needed
to get
them
East,
940
to purchase carriers
workshops
gun
mild
carriers (in
production)
steel),
known
420
200 welded
in October,
its
was withdrawn
The
accommodate
carrier,
Australian
Italian
late
wheeled
carriers in
1943
for use
by forward
in
US
much
M3A1
provided 95
Daimler Mk
scout cars in
II
formation of the
for the
British shipped
Valentine
454 were
August 1 94 1 the
in Simla, India,
as the
II
after
to
56 Valentines and
equip the
1
8 Matildas,
the light
AFV
for
were
rebuilt
3" mortar
carrier,
6pdr gun
tractor,
and flame-
54 universal
Lloyd
carriers,
carriers, all in
1 1 1
mortar
1941-42.
UK totalled
carriers
and 21
170
US
increased to 731 in
The LP2As
30
first
of which
New Zealand
942
tanks.
carriers
Eastern
when
Bren
(local
LP
as
II
built to
in
sole
and
was the
January
in
from Australia
the normal
of far-
some coaxing
armored
cars. In
54
its
equipped
British division
in organization
While the
70
March 1942.
British supplied
236
33 Matilda IV CS
Tank
2nd
JANE'S
was equipped entirely with Valentines, and
the
Pacific.
To maintain
the
CS
Valentine
Ills,
in the
The
construction.
was
Matildas (including 18
in
built in
their
The Marmon-Herrington
One batch
The
Stuarts present a
first
vehicles
and
second
in
(MFF)
them, but
it
M3A1
and
turrets,
rifle in
as
M3A1
III,
for
which rhe
AA mount.
chassis
to East Africa,
in
189
East,
942
armored
vehicles,
cars totaled
Mk
The
and
II
new design.
armor
to be
to the
Middle
theater's
inventory of
,473, of which
employed with no
III vehicles
and 48
Middle East
the
replacement, the
as
(PMK).
to India,
known
these tanks,
47mm gun
786 were
Marmon-Herringtons.
M3 hulls
02
more modern
known
carried a Bren
and
in
The
vehicles
difficult to
Italian
the turret
mounting captured
Mk II
armament.
II
I,
1944.
The
Mnv:Mk
The 33
satisfactory.
homogeneity of the
18 of the Matilda
delivered starting in
in
still
It
were
1
clearly
94 1 Their
.
mounring a 2pdr
increase in weight.
Once
components) with
were produced, an
MFF
of the
power
electrical
In the spring of
M3Als, but
to the turret.
943 the
Attempts
to
US shipped 89
Mk II. The Mk
Mk II and
the
used in combat.
East,
half of
instead of M-H,
(some
94
1941
a turret
as the
to taper
out completely.
The
South Africa
inventory
of South Africa
1925. The
made armored
cars
medium
of much
terrain
an attractive
early, if
Initial efforts
by a
turret carried
Mk 1,
body surmounted
4x2 into
'All
890 of these
would be
Mk
kit
a four-wheel drive
vehicles
was placed
as well.
The
kits
135 of rhe
Mk Is were
Herrington conversion
kit.
The South
to as
Africans referred to these vehicles officially as "reconnaissance cars", while the British called
to the
Mark
rhem "armoured
I,
cars".
55
TANKS OF WORLD
JANE'S
no combat service, while the
to have seen
vehicles stayed in
Reports of a massive
car led
Mk IV
South Africa.
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
32
545
327
300
896
289
337
48
Light Tanks
its
WAR
Medium Tanks
own versions,
the
production.
new
US Export
of
Tanks
to India
After the
forces in
new formation,
formed.
It
was sent
equipment
the
the 6th
battalions,
to Egypt,
issue
division, including
Armoured
of"
a British
to
it
fought to
it
as
cars. In
The
latter
companies
British
armored
cars
and the
frontier regiments.
for three
where
Italy,
picked up
armored
Sherman tanks
and moved
Division, was
where
became known
tall
light tanks to
The
two Indian
on the
companies
1
on into
pay for
their
equipment and
in
to
1921 they
armored
for
cars,
Crossley chassis.
was placed
vehicles.
in
was ordered
unwieldy
for
British
armored
withdrawn from
As the
in
54
1931.
a series
in
930-3 1 They
.
production contract
time, an
in
June
in India
944. At the
also
end of the
at the
and
hulls,
in
The
I,
Mk
II,
using a rear-engine
Persia/Iraq theaters,
and were
942
and
a turret
and
initially received a
this carrying a
Armored Car Mk
Armored Car
heterogeneous
Mk II
Mk III armored cars were issued to one
up 30 old
M-H
1
Mark
lis
when
they arrived
By 1943
trickling in in 1941.
Daimler and
One
some of the
mounted,
known
terminated slightly
into the
Italy,
reconnaissance
Humbers began
wheeled
regiment
from Humbers
to
Staghounds
in
reequipped
November
but was
A further evolution
Burma.
Grant/ Lees.
there in late
Grant/Lees and
in the fighting in
eight tank
The recon
Army
British
regiments
ten
Marmon-Herrington conversion
Mk
the Indian
used
the other
The
three
initially
formed with
the next
IVA light
weight
29
Mk
the
ratio.
By 1936
it
to
full
entirely with
American
companies, resulting
by
The
tanks,
first
in late
1942 two
carriers apiece.
a
year
later.
two
941 and
Those arriving
initially
in the
equipped with
trucks.
platoon of universal
then a further 5
armored
cars
companies acquired
year
later,
As the tank
56
probably due
difficulties, as well as
vehicles
interest in
for
to
In
cars in favor
armored
service in 1934.
began losing
rejected,
carrier.
Wheeled, IP
same
modified with
cars
and manufacturing
to cost
the
cars served
in India
in the
war
vehicle,
as Stuart
all
armored
forces in Persia/Iraq.
India
939, transferred
some of
M3A1
was
full}'
equipped with
Lees.
in the
The
next
Middle
By November one
M3A1
Stuarts
and
the
more
in
carriers,
form
a carrier
squadron
in
each regiment.
JANE'S
the Italians in
in
940. Following
reconstitution
its
unknown
included, using an
but
light
MGs.
type of vehicle
It
a bloodless
in
mid- 1944
led to
its
disbanding instead.
Sudan
Although not
British Colonies
Arab Legion
left its
home base.
regiment in
1
was granted
this force
December
in
and
fitted
steel
mounting
a Vickers
MG and an AT
November 1941
three
rifle,
and
air defense. In
built.
new
with a
total
armored
12
and
to
cars based
forces,
cars arrived in
1930s
start of the
to volunteer forces
and infantry
and
later
armored
topped
cars,
turret
homemade
with
a low,
open-
rifle.
infantry
Carriers.
armored
cars
combined
trucks. In
to
January 1941
now consisted 20
battalions.
III
platoon with
MGs.
Some
Mk III MFF
battalions
Marmon-Herrington
motor machine
later five,
The force
commanded by
included here.
is
included three,
armed with
replaced by
1943 and
appear
armored
and each
a reconnaissance
were
of 30 Marmon-Herrington
cars
chassis
battalions
regiment
locally-built
on truck
to
dozen
local
About
and
gun companies
Malaya
locally.
British officers
initially
light
local-pattern
armored
cars
May 1943
Somaliland
radios. In
held no armored
by
losing
all its
armored
vehicles.
early 1944.
East Africa
The
to a reconnaissance
942 and
Shortly theteafter
it
new 4th
armored
11
in
early
942
(George Rodger/Timepix)
57
^
JANE'S
first
armored car
mated
be designed and
to
built in
Reconnaissance Car,
in
The
RHO
compartment
at the rear.
fitted
on the left
made
1940.
initial
The
readily
to acquire
and
limitations of the
Mk
it,
A circular turret
kits,
but
this
small batch of
deliveries in
midAbove: hN\k
II
Below: Mark
III
changes were
detail
the
Mk
made
available
Only
compared
to the bod)'
I.
became
Mk II version.
WORLD WAR
to
armament: the
armed with
for use in
South
ME
weapons, such
the Boys
MGs,
twin Lewis
etc.
fitted
was
as
similar,
German 37mm
The
20mm
Mk III
a turret
and
MG.
a coaxial
The
Pak.
Vickers
with a Boys
AT rifle
The
MG.
/tooi/e:MarklV(PMK)
Mark
mounted
85
83
83
5.30
1.98
2.29
Engine
Height (m)
2.44
2.49
components and
Ram Is and
and
n/a
85
5.21
III
Ram
with a second
n/a
HP
Length (m)
Mark
12
Width (m)
Weight (tonnes)
II
12
Front
Mark
III
Armor (mm)
Side Armor (mm)
the automotive
First
Mark
5.4
Tank,
The Ram used
II
5.4
on
the
left
MG in the
front of the
on an AA mount. The
a third
Ram II
doors.
It
combat
as tanks,
successfully used as
1 1
for 17pdrs,
and
Ram
II
this
MG turret proved
towing vehicles
turret
infantrymen. In
to
to
OP tanks,
ammunition
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
27.7
Front
Length (m)
5.76
Side
Width (m)
2.76
Engine
Height (m)
2.65
HP
76
63
400
42
59
JANE'S
to that
of the American
etc.,
of the
Sexton
including
hull,
Ram II
similar
which had
and
5 right ol
center, an
depression of -9.
allowance supplemented by
Ram Ammunition
accompanied the
Two
generous
vehicles.
On some vehicles a
.50cal
left
became
the Sexton
the standard
SP
artillery
from 1944.
A Sexton
self-propelled
gun (PMK)
in
22.7
Front
50
Length (m)
6.11
Side
37
Width (m)
2.74
Engine
Height (m)
2.44
Weight (tonnes)
4.86
Front
Length (m)
4.37
Side
Width (m)
2.11
Engine
Height (m)
1.45
HP
400
42
Windsor
Carrier,
American T 16
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
the
lengthened version of
on each
each
side.
side, resulting in a
Canadian Army
this role,
field.
The
adopted theT 1 6
it
became apparent
that the
cargo-carrier
unarmed,
as
April
was theT
16.
The
British ordered
start
in
Windsor
for
Windsor when
latter
originally
Carrier
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
HP
12
n/a
95
55
JANE'S
to
fitted
of the Ford
the chassis
an armored hull to
a driver
and
Bren
mount at
restricted
at the rear.
what could be
carried.
also
The Dingo
It
was
prone to bending.
vehicle by
distinctive feature
rear plate,
from
armor thickness
to
30
Width (m)
2.08
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Engine HP
Height (m)
1.85
80
Weight (tonnes)
4.5
Length (m)
4.57
Front
Side
10
85
Wheeled Carrier
with
fitted
held a crew
It
India Pattern
and an
followed by the
vatiants:
carriers,
latter
the
and 345
artillery
with a small
turret.
built in three
3" mortar
The follow-on
vehicle,
a fixed
reconnaissance vehicles,
weapons
etc.
Weight (tonnes)
A wheeled
carrier
Mk
IIC in the
5.2
Front
Armor (mm)
(mm)
Length (m)
4.72
Side Armor
Width (m)
2.29
Engine
Height (m)
1.98
HP
n/a
n/a
95
83
desert
61
Czechoslovakia
The new Czechoslovak
Lancia armored
cars,
state
procurement.
to build
attempt
Starting again
from
4x4
a purpose-built
scratch,
armored bodies
indigenous
for 12 Fiat
AFV
armored
popularly
hulls
at
car with
prototypes in
cars,
first
its
it
industry. In
rounded
began
although
were well
known
in
as "turtles".
the 1930s.
used
flat plates
instead of a rounded
machine gun. Nevertheless, the complex chassis ensured that the car
remained expensive, and the Army was only able to purchase
until the annexation
to
Romania and
5.
They served
the rest ro
The last attempt at armored car development was driven by the need
to
armored body
1
930
for their
OA
as the
51
were ordered in
in a ball
mount in
light
country performance was good for a vehicle of its type but the
armor was thin and the armament quite weak. They served
German
These were
to
be the
last
armored
second such
and 9
3-6mm
until the
to the
Romanians.
Having no experience
Skoda. In
carriers
in building tanks
it
seemed
logical to start
with
and
a trailer
late
920s
production
license. After
to be
1933 the
tank, these
TK versions of the
TANKS OF WORLD
JANE'S
extended upwards
2-man
crew.
The main
difference
by a bowden
alongside the
They developed
unable
to
and
success,
of tankettes, also
a series
based on the
a very
smallest, representing a
tankette concept.
Trials in the
was not
two-man
terribly
practical,
1937.
as
by November
had accepted
The
and
sat a
one-man
commander/gunner. The
turret
a coaxial
it
44 production)
Attempts
machine gun.
was
mounted a
vz.34.
and featured
behind which
With only
Army
932, the
the
more
in
in
1933
the tank
beginning and
and
(6 pie-series
as the
LT
(light tank)
to sell
way to
their
May
Skoda delivered
in
delivered
For the
its
all
LT vz.35. The
06 more
CKD proposed
won, based on
vehicle
and an
in
the
CKD
initial
CKD
first
Ministry of Defense
Munich
new light
clear
1
laid
out
between various
in April an order
was placed
this
academic,
Munich
the Sudetenlands to
Army held
and
become apparent
With
great prescience,
70 vz.33
March 1939
seceded and
a Christie-
first
5 vz.27
tankettes,
vehicle to see
and
938
to the
Type
Germany occupied
the Czech
exist.
also the
by
CKD and
its
appearance
to begin drafting
The
main
Tatra
Czechoslovakia
51
1934
1935
1936
1938
1939
1937
result
was
OA
vz.30
Tankettes
vz.33
CKD
Czechoslovakia
70
S-l-d (T-32)
Skoda
Yugoslavia
AH-IV
CKD
Iran
50
AH-IV R
CKD
Romania
35
AV-IV Sv
CKD
Sweden
48
30
15
113
Customer
Armored Cars
Mfgr
1933
medium
and 42
Skoda launched
in the
two-prong effort
development of a
tank
field,
to gain
they began
P-II-a
from
64
CKD
Czechoslovakia
Skoda
Czechoslovakia
CKD
Czechoslovakia
149
R-2
Skoda
Romania
15
61
50
TNH
CKD
Iran
40
10
LTP
CKD
Peru
LTH
CKD
Switzerland
20
CKD,
LT vz.34
LT vz.35
tanks.
entry.
light
the
for
50 tanks.
Events were quickly to render
winner and
even the
all
937 the
clear
requirement for
early 1938
absorb
whose
models the
it
was
export success,
slightly greater
was
CKD's planned
one thing,
meet Swedish
to
agreement.
firms. For
The same
used on
June.
937.
built
for
requirements.
first
while
export,
light
of theirs in
medium
new
as the
in Iranian
936, and
its
led to the
maturity,
Even
summer of 935
cable.
between them.
second
driver, fired
WAR
17
24
JANE'S
The Protectorate
vehicle
IT vz.34
LT vz.35
322
45
570
108
150
633
323
201
14
192
10
154
101
40
38(t) Ausf
150
B-D
38(f) Ausf
& S
38(f) Ausf E, F
PzKw
198
their
PzKw
PzKw
and 244
light tanks,
38(t) Ausf
PzKw
fairly quickly,
1945
PzKw
1944
1943
1942
1941
Production
1940
1939
110
-
344
35(t).
that
BMM (the
Germans
of the war
in
series
38(t)
becoming
[t
JgPz
= tschech],
38(t) Hetzer
Conversions
the Ausf
...
70
1,687
1,335
336
39
differing in detail.
C and
turret,
was increased to
tanks
The
final version
By early 1942
the
obsolete, especially
on the eastern
front.
1939-45
command
turret
high
and
tall,
to
it
modify the
late
chassis
942 an
and
effort
result
the
a flat
bed placed
result
at
The first
Hetzers
would be
improve performance.
PzKw II
with the
light
tank and a
common
was
and replace
it
shield.
7.5cm Pak40.
by
vehicle in
Soviet
German
cartridges or
in April
November. The
last
94 of the
SP guns.
A similar
1
5cm sIG
but no new
steadily decreased
Grilles (including
as
103
as
ammunition
men
as
SdKfz
and the
line in
last
nine vehicles
September 1944.
last-
only
carriers),
and two
Ms
Germans
the
in
939
PzKw 38 (t)
for
series
kept the
(close relatives
The
reign of the
short, however.
Model
Afghanistan
M chassis was to be
configuration
superior to the
tall
as
CKD/BMM factory
by the
continued production
BMM finished
existing
o orders for earlier vehicles
7.62cm
was
a thin
sides
was
result
came
141
38(t)
chassis
outstanding.
many
Given the
ready, using
an
The
deleted to
1944
as
hull to
ungainly vehicle. In
to investigate
III at
to
damage
German
optimize
raid
was made
The
armor was
rear.
to
completion.
BMM
similar,
Deliveries by
105 model D,
air
in
They also
tanks
production for
finally sold
open-
M and
to Bulgaria.
in
of the LT-35)
to
medium
T-2 1 The
in
June
65
JANE'S
940 and
in
August
production
a license
TANKS OF WORLD
WAR
II
August 1943, 12
July
for
as
theTuran
Thereafter,
I.
and
repair of tanks.
developed
to the
Germany as
the
PzKw 38(t).
In
August they
and stuck
production ensued.
in the
September
additional 20
1
940.
Because
BMM works,
it
In early
last
five in
purchase of these
Germans agreed
last
in
vehicles, as they
the
Slovakia
OA vz.27 and
OA vz.30 armored cars, 30 vz.33 tankettes,
in
An
PzKw IV tanks,
to sell
only 5
PzKw
these being
PzKw II
but
IIIN
that an
light tanks to
early
were delivered
Of these,
light tanks.
and
In June
the Slovak
in
October 1942.
H and S. Only 37
in
last
Tankette AH-IV
There were two variants of this tank, Iranian
and Romanian, differing only
driver sat at the right front
had
7.92mm light MG
in a ball
time.
The
his right
to the left
in detail.
and off to
fire if he
turret
found the
was mounted
air-
The excellent
made famous by
the
MG-armed
agility,
the day of
their
An AH-IV
66
in
be
Weight (tonnes)
3.50
Front
Length (m)
3.20
Side
Width (m)
1.79
Engine
Height (m)
1.69
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
HP
12
n/a
55
45
JANE'S
Tank LT-35
Of conventional layout,
crewed by
and
a driver
the
and
in the front,
The
in the turret.
(for
turret
which 78
machine gun.
a radio
operator/machine gunner
commander/gunner
luk
7.9mm vz.37
traverse.
assisted steering
driver's job
burden.
and
easier,
pneumatically-
shifting that
made
the
a telegraphic radio
and
room
to
add
who acted
crew
a fourth
as a loader.
its
found
also
member to
the turret,
if
gun
Weight (tonnes)
10.5
Front
Length (m)
4.90
Side
Width (m)
2.06
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Engine HP
Height (m)
2.37
25
15
120
34
PzKw 38(t))
Although differing
armament
in the
MG in a ball-mount
and
it
However, the
excellence
tank's
automotive
its
lack of
It
German
50mm.
PzKw
series
Weight (tonnes)
9.5
Front
Armor (mm)
(mm)
Length (m)
4.61
Side Armor
Width (m)
2.14
Engine
Height (m)
2.40
HP
25
15
126
42
38(t)
67
PzJag 38(t)
This was
WORLD WAR
PzKw 38(t),
and
in the
SdKfz 138
was the
it
on the Model
G chassis,
Model
engine.
was moved
gun deck
center, leaving a
M was more
at
the
to the
This
rear.
ergonomics.
earlier
gun
traverse
in
138M. Main
in the
38M and
Ammunition
firf+i
column Model
SdKfz 138/1
This was
essentially the
but with a
The
Weight (tonnes)
10.8
10.5
Armor (mm)
Side Armor (mm)
Length (m)
5.77
4.95
Engine
Width (m)
2.16
2.15
Front
HP
2.51
2.48
50
15
15
15
150
150
47
47
(Grille)
Marder configuration
Height (m)
H,
first series,
replacing
on
the
model
ammunition and
although a light
the
accommodate
bow
the large
MG removed,
rounds of main
Model
and
the
gun position
at the rear,
rounds were
carried.
5 each side.
The 1 5cm
where 18
gun was
was
successful.
too thin
and the
ammunition stowage
to an
ammunition
SdKfz 138/1
vehicles to carry
Grille
40 rounds.
SP 15cm on Model
chassis
Weight (tonnes)
10.8
Front
Length (m)
4.84
Side
Width (m)
2.26
Engine
Height (m)
2.15
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
HP
15
15
150
47
FlakPanzer 38(t)
This vehicle took the Model
2cm
traverse at
carriage
all
down
to facilitate full
ItfL^
No secondary
armament was
fitted
or carried.
The crew
gun
detachment of 3 or 4 in the
rear.
Intended
armament
became the
often
The
(SdKfz 140)
Ik
WORLD WAR
target
itself
of Allied fighter-
bombers, while
its
prevent strafing
to
machine guns.
Weight (tonnes)
9.7
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
Length (m)
4.61
Side
Width (m)
2.15
Engine
Height (m)
2.25
HP
50
15
150
48
PzKw 38(t)
needed
in
family,
but had
wider
for
carried.
hull,
and
the
A remote-control
mounted on
left
the
commander on
the
size,
well
was
also very
visibility
cramped
inside,
had poor
left,
could
Weight (tonnes)
15.75
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
Length (m)
6.38
Side
Width (m)
2.63
Engine
Height (m)
2.17
HP
60
20
160
43
69
France
The French Army,
like
many others,
and those
grew together so that there was substantial overlap between the two types
by the time the war broke out, the specifications were usually drafted
separately
is
both the design and production of tanks during the inter-war years.
were
all
field in the
FT tank,
its
their share
of the
rearmament market.
Infantry Vehicles
The end of World War One saw the French Army both
blessed
and
burdened by huge quantities of the best tank of the war, the Renault FT.
As
1
a result there
little
dividing
1
was
them up
to
new tanks,
weigh
less
than
crew.
The
heavier resistance
and was
to be
armed with
a high-velocity
man
on
gun or a
in the
NC in
development of the
in
trials
with no
Char 2C were
utility
1920s, resulting
real
FT were
form
its
built in
first
5 following that
to prove a
December.
to have limited
halted.
In 1933 three classes of infantry tanks were defined: the light tank was
to be proof against light anti-tank
weapons, the
medium
tank against
heavy anti-tank weapons, and a heavy tank, with the last-mentioned being
essentially
dormant.
Several firms vied for the light tank award, the most famous being
(ANE'S
when
the
88mm
gun was
in
lethal against
other than
however,
obvious.
its
enemy
rate of
on the
original
mounted
and
a turret.
tons.
1 1
in the hull
930 and
trialled in
93 1
as the
two-man
but
little else.
Renault and an
1
WW
-style
initial
A massive
it
the
in
The
its
a diesel
worth of
later
30
km
for the
two battalions
was
fully
the
this,
combined with
the
H-35
led the
as well, starting in
mid- 1937.
For the
medium
modem tanks.
of the
bis,
new
its
all
Its
model, known
range
German
as the B-
was
advancing troops
remedy
frontal
of the
ter,
An improved
which
were
models.
934 before
equipment.
its
it.
but
variant. For
make
The vehicle's
was
III,
aim and
and reload
model with
small
who had
the gun,
Char B 1
resulting in small,
in
in
to be turned to
933.
almost
72
for
fire
PzKw
used
in turret
When
The
and the
tanks.
its
this
which featured
tracked
armored resupply
to
in
trailer.
tractor
a cargo
known
bed
as the
in the rear
UE,
and
WORLD WAR
were placed
Type
Date
Qty
D-1
70
January
D-1
30
Oct-33
D-1
50
January to December
to
December 1935
Mar-34
B1
Dec-34
B1
20
March
April
936
1936
to
50
300
March
Jun-36
FCM
100
May 1938
Sep-36
R-35
200
December 1 936
Sep-36
R-35
95
Feb-37
R-35
205
May-37
B1bis
35
Jun-37
H-35
200
May 1936
1
to
to
September
936
937
was
March 1939
to
to
August
1938
to be a high-speed vehicle
practice an
armored
two-man vehicle
Jul-37
H-35
100
Oct-37
B1
December 1937
to
March 1939
for
to
March 1938
939
to October
1937
90
January
500
Jun-38
D-2
50
Jul-38
H-35
72
August 1939
Sep-38
R-35
110
Sep-38
R-35
50
Oct-38
R-35
100
939
all
1940
in fact there
requirements.
The
20
R-35
20
Jan-39
H-35
130
Middle
35
200
Sep-39
B1bis
104
Sep-39
B1bis
63
Mar-40
R-35
300
deliveries not
October
939
to
January
May 1940
940
March 1940
to
to
of
fairly well
protected
colonial possessions
would do
less
sophisticated vehicle.
was
to start with
better with a
modernization of existing
vehicles to "trickle
new vehicle,
all
the
down"
May 1940
armored
June 1940
to
sets
in
East, however,
vehicles
H-35
were two
and protectorates
R-35
B1bis
of AMD, but
vehicle.
Dec-38
Mar-39
(AiVIC) was to
to February
Dec-38
Apr-39
Combat
The requirements
R-35
May-38
The
B1bis
Feb-38
to be a light,
June 1939
to
April
B1bis
The Automitrailleuse
March 1939
to
35
Oct-37
car.
(AMR) was
Automitrailleuse de
March
with long
endurance
de Reconnaissance
for
937
February 1937
D-2
R-35
936
to
Cavalry Vehicles
935
January
Jul-35
November 1932
Dec-30
Jul-32
Dec-34
in
Delivery
from the
First
World War.
June 1940*
completed
were
lifted
placed on
from
their chassis in
932-34 and
50 hp
chassis with
all
delivered. In
1936
production
line.
so great that
Demand
two more
it
the
factories
built
at Beziers. Eventually,
Lyon and
and by April
the
armored resupply
and
to
tow the
to
hull
accompany
to
car.
burdens on the
logistical
To resupply the
Panhard
also built
AMD
known as
The solution
to this
the
little
tractor
as a potential
UE, but
instead. Lorraine
chassis
CRJ
the
UE2
larger
had
initially
replacement for
a third
two-wheel bogey
Laffly built
to
cars
of an
TOE. The
6x6 S 1 5
a turret
that
with
was
as the
a single
S15
Unfortunately,
278
179, while
in the
a larger cargo
orders, totalling
Model
entirely
Three
cars
45 colonial armored
fuel trailer.
80 armored
and adding
the
to their
facility to
28 4x4 armored
been developed
maintenance and
all
making
into
which were
Renault/AMX
three factories
built
was
improved
armored
infantry regiment.
were brought
Fouga
UE
it
was
colonial operations
complex
for
73
JANE'S
Left: Two
vehicles.
H-35
in
June, 1940.
new AMC
no
really
light
better
major
effort to
The
result
was the
AMC
to develop the
35, a
The
ACGl
Final
R-
a longer track.
AMC 35 or Renault
speed.
larger
The
definitive
delivered in prototype
form by Panhard
The
1933
in
latter
its
time and
vehicles.
1935
as the
all
had
it
vehicle, efforts
for
first
A separate
(later
increased to 56)
delivered by
as the
respectively,
proved
For the
the small
May 1940 as
no
vehicles,
were
vehicles
of France.
fall
proposal in
but
this
mockup of their
March 1932.
1
car,
Renault responded
inefficient.
as
on
50 and 600
fruitless, as
as the
had proven
In February 1933 an
its
It
was regarded
fragile
ADF.
All
ever
became
initial
Thus,
in
drawn up
June
when
1929
as the
for
96
934
This time
it
was on a
level
M29
with
III.
it
S-35.
trials in
August 1935
by the
start
as the
by
been designed.
although
thin,
ofthePzKw
storage.
The
that
was
the
in 1936, called
5 each of ZT-2
turret
in 1934,
ADF command
20 ZT-1 and
the war.
September 1939
awarded
contract,
metropolitan units.
Although the
deemed roo
in
was standardized
the
fact,
to
it
Belgium. In
armament. The
AMR 35 or
as
74
one-man
turret
slowed
JANE'S
the
engagement
level,
and
it
rate
with Panhard.
turrets
country speeds.
themselves.
which were
the
Somuas
turrets.
them
Wartime Production
the outbreak of war in September
became necessary
939
was
it
with
turretless
AMDs.
Rather
fit
them with
small
AM 39
940, with the AM
to
on the
to focus efforts
AMD
divided the
clearly
on 2
that
to fulfill the
latter role.
With
of 15 complete and 40
and
of light
officially
200
maximize
efficiency.
An order for
reinstated,
light
to
to
be
The
so fitted
when
but
later on,
November 1942.
numbers of armored
Sizeable
vehicles, albeit
The forces
FT tanks
coastal defense,
and
in
in support
posts),
and
of isolated
be directed
35 and B- Ibis.
with any
all
Laffly 50,
27 Laffly 80, 2
TOE, 22 Panhard
Laffly S- 15
VUDB, and
165, 22 Berliet
14 Schneider P- 16 half-tracks.
to interfere
Vichy regime
of France,
White TBC, 48
to ensure
would be unable
West
vehicles in French
port,
and
in
Germans allowed
22 Somua tanks
to ship
November 1941
a cavalry
all
the
to that
regiment
the
1939
Model
Prior
Sep-Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
975
200
30
30
50
15
106
H-35/39
640
130
20
67
22
72
122
forces.
D-1
160
seized
D-2
50
17
13
FCM
100
B-1
35
315
42
25
27
45
32
42
White TBC
or performed limited
fire
Lebanon and
Laffly
50
98
Laffly
80
28
these were
45
armored
32
Laffly S1 5
Berliet
TOE
VUDB
30
Panhard 178
219
93
28
16
34
98
33
120
35 ZT-1
167
10
10
15
13
Panhard 165/175
35 ZT-2/3
35 ZT4
13
Renault 34
12
Renault 35
22
20
270
50
21
UE chenillettes and
M23
TOE, and
half-tracks,
19
These
Panhard 165/175
armored
39
29
chassis,
light trucks.
To modernize
workshop
in Beirut
20
22
automotive
135 older
Hotchkiss
96
S-35/40
Kegresse
43
35 ADF
AMC
US
AMCP-16M1929
AMC
AMC
Morocco
line of everyone's
86
in
with invading
tried to
In
briefly
combat
AMD
AMD
AMD
AMD
AMD
AMD
AMD
AMR
AMR
AMR
AMR
AMR
that
city.
R-35/40
B-1bis
two
in the
Army
the Vichy
in the
completed.
in
armored
Vichy
D-2, which
was
none were
7.5mm
some 25mm
possible that
It is
resources
later.
Thus, the
machine gun.
to another class
light
steel
were
to
be used to create
initial
program
called for
75
WOULD WAR
uncertain
cars,
20
to
It is
cars
was mounted
with
rebuilds.
had an open-topped
rear
(open
bed on which
at the rear
and
high-angle
mount at
the
In Indochina about
cars
were
A small number of
also present,
942,
when
switched
the French
sides.
clearly unsuited to
(later
with eight
first
and 40 Crusader
III
from the
Type
Quantity
238
413
in
North
Medium
755
By December 943
1
(273
1
M3A3 and
,293 M3A1
M2 and M9
M3 and M5 half-tracks, 35 M4
half-tracks, 78 SP 37mm M6 tank destroyers,
50 SP 76mm M
tank destroyers, 76 M8
75mm SP howitzers, and 19 SP 105mm M7
half-tracks,
801
Miseries (75mm)
Tank,
Half-Track,
M2
(APC)
31
Half-Track,
M3
(APC)
1,431
Half-Track,
M1 6 (quad. 50cal)
Half-Track,
M21 (81mm
Tank Destroyer,
SP
Howitzer,
Armored
Car,
mortar)
M10
105mm M7
M8
car
in
Syria
transfers
not counted
as lend-lease.
By June of
54
443
283
689
M20
205
Scout
M3A1
287
Car,
70
Utility Car,
Above:h
UK in
half of 1945.
in the invasion ol
Mk IV armored cars
divisions, along
M4 Shermans,
944 these
the
Centaur
and
UK in
light tanks
in the
British deliveries
number of light
in
to
Marmon-Herrington
636 (368
rear.
in
64 new Dodge
cars
coaxial
armored
Lebanon
with a
autumn of 1 94 1
Lend-Lease Deliveries
to Free French
WORLD WAR
fcV
Light Tank, FT
Completely obsolete by 1 939, the
present in large
numbers both
in the front
commander/gunner/loader
Armament consisted
light
gun
and
in the turret.
of either
machine gun or a
FT was
little
France and
in
7.5mm
a single
in the turret,
one
MG-armed vehicle.
also
turret
With
a short
the short
armament and,
made them
armor
Weight (tonnes)
A machine-gun armed
FT,
9.6
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
Length (m)
4.22
Side
Width (m)
1.95
Engine
Height (m)
2.15
HP
35
35
84
1939
35
was
finally accepted
similar to the
faster.
six
R-35
by the
was
but slightly
also
cavalry. It
(see below),
with the
five.
the use of
in the
APX-R
turret.
slightly thicker
armor and
more
was provided,
new
barrel
turret, as in the
as the
R-35,
p. 78.
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
12.1
Front
40
Length (m)
4.22
Side
40
Width (m)
1.95
Engine
Height (m)
2.15
HP
120
36
77
JANE'S
TANKS OF WORLD
hull
WAR
35/40
The driver
with
and had
APX-R turret
who
down
(with
7.5mm MG.
00 rounds) and
37mm
a coaxial
WW
overloaded the
commander with
ineffectual gun,
Top: Renault
R-35
duties,
had an
light
tank (TMB)
commander
78
is sitting
in
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
10.6
Front
Length (m)
4.02
Side Armor
Width (m)
1.87
Engine
Height (m)
2.13
(mm)
HP
40
n/a
82
20
JANE'S
Light Tank,
This was another tank that competed
1
933 competition
H-35
either the
It
FCM 36
in the
and
lost
used a unique
It
was
larger
take a
the
so
SA38
available as the
weapons would go
first,
none were
It
non-
was designed
to
more powerful
became
to
it
new production
retrofitted.
tanks
were so
due
fitted
two man
to shortages.
Thus, with
radio,
it
FCM
light
it
its
was
H-
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
12.3
Front
40
Length (m)
4.46
Side
n/a
Width (m)
2.14
Engine
Height (m)
2.20
HP
94
24
tank
Medium Tank, D
The Renault D-l was an
the
NC-27 with
side
grouped
springs.
in fours
on long vertical
The one-man
medium-length
enlarged outgrowth of
(lor
which
7.5mm
machine gun.
hull
was
similar,
in the
Char B) and
advantage ot
later
(as
used
more powerful
and an operator
other hand,
its
radius of action, at
for the
On the
km for the
90
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
19.8
Front
40
Length (m)
5.46
Side
n/a
Width (m)
2.22
Engine
Height (m)
2.66
HP
150
23
79
Medium Tank,
The
hull
WORLD WAR
B-1bis
beams on which
driver sat at the
The
To
front.
left
was a
his right
to +25. Traverse
was
were in
sights
gun
elevation.
APX-4 one-man
a coaxial
MG,
the
in the
The
to
of the
made
The
to the
manned
S-35), where he
and
driver's
in
75mm
tank had an
differential that
aim the
The
howitzer.
was
short,
and time
inefficient,
into
A Char
slow.
January 1939
in
Cavalry Tank,
The
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
31.5
Front
Length (m)
6.37
Side
Width (m)
2.50
Engine
Height (m)
2.79
HP
60
60
300
28
Somua S-35
round
and lower
hull pieces
on the
side.
vision slots.
front.
The
The
third
turret,
and three
crewman,
APX-4
who served as
loader,
was
in the
47mm SA35
MG. The MG had
which mounted a
was
electric,
35 was well
little loss
protected, fast,
It
of speed. The S-
had
good
radius of
as
of the one-man
Somua S-35
80
turret.
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
19.5
Front
Length (m)
5.38
Side
Width (m)
2.12
Engine
Height (m)
2.62
HP
56
40
190
40
WORLD WAR
*Y
AMR-33,
also
armament was a
known
single
as the
VM,
the
known
also
the
as
rear.
The AMR-35,
larger,
although with
thickness,
and could
ZT2
the
ZT4
was
in a casemate,
at the rear
fairly
command
the AMR-35
FT tank with
was
the engine
at the front.
Weight (tonnes)
considerably.
MGs
a pre-war parade
in
5.5
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
Length (m)
3.50
Side
Width (m)
1.64
Engine
Height (m)
1.73
HP
13
n/a
82
54
wheels.
power
to the front
crew consisted of a
commander/gunner and
trials
models had
a loader.
The
928
in the turret.
The
Ml 929 mounted a
face,
opened
and had
the
940
critical for a
it
was needed.
It
also
full-
Weight (tonnes)
wheeled vehicle, so
fell
into disfavor.
6.8
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
Length (m)
4.83
Side
Width (m)
1.73
Engine
Height (m)
2.60
HP
11
n/a
60
50
81
JANE'S
Armored Car,
The
Laffly
1917 mounted on
new 4x4
The
MG mounted
The
car of
by Laffly
80 used the
Laffly
but new,
a similar,
Laffly
a similar
arrangement,
reversing,
80 noted
Laffly
in trials
was a tendency
of the
for the
North
Laffly
crew was
II
but used a
an
WORLD WAR
hull
turret.
chassis
TANKS OF
Africa,
in
in
in the
security role.
Weight (tonnes)
Laffly
50
fitted
as a
command
7.5
Front
Armor (mm)
(mm)
Length (m)
5.70
Side Armor
Width (m)
2.10
Engine
Height (m)
2.50
HP
20
n/a
80
80
world when
it
in the turret,
left.
and
The
which
coaxial
anti-tank
gun
were built
as
command vehicles,
in
which the
The
large wheels
although
it
was
vehicle.
'turns
m
Weight (tonnes)
Panhard 178
AMD
k<te$&32&&
8.5
Front
Armor (mm)
(mm)
Length (m)
4.79
Side Armor
Width (m)
2.00
Engine
Height (m)
2.31
HP
^
20
15
105
72
JANE'S
Chenillette,
UE
The
lightly
armored cargo
for infantry
carrier
similar to the
Carden-Loyd
carriers,
with the
head covers.
set at the rear
with a tracked
UE2, had
pivoting hemispherical
An improved version,
trailer.
a four-speed
(in lieu
the
of 2-speed)
suspension.
to
unarmed
arm
in
its
Weight (tonnes)
A UE
with trailer on
its
way
to the front
in
1940
Tractor, Lorraine
An
the
UE,
the
2.0
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
Length (m)
2.70
Side
Width (m)
1.70
Engine
Height (m)
1.03
HP
7
7
35
30
37L
adaptable to
initial
version was
(TRC)
trailer.
Twelve such
and 18
to each
B-tank battalion.
(VBCP) which
commander in
and
tracked
trailer,
and
an
six
more
in
an armored
inefficient arrangement.
was
fitted
VBCP
an
A VBCP towing
25mm
Weight (tonnes)
5.2
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
Length (m)
4.20
Side
Width (m)
1.57
Engine
Height (m)
1.21
HP
9
9
70
34
AT gun
83
fit
Germany
German development of tanks
the Nazi part)'
929 and
secretly
and Rheinmetall,
for the
production of two
shipped to the
in
mid-
May 1928 contracts were let to Krupp and Rheinmetall for two
examples each of a leichttraktor which, on completion in May 1930, were
In
also sent to
Kama.
Design of a new
in
medium
trials
were
light
initiated
tank
contract in July 1933 for 135 armored chassis with the code
name
awarded
two La.S.
MAN
and Rheinmetall.
The
light
were converted
to
Fahrzeug proved a
failure
II
with
for the
100,
that
would
lead to the
PzKw IV.
Before these tanks could be built, however, Hitler had decided to enter
the Spanish civil war.
with four
command
utility,
due mainly to
been delivered.
their inability to
engage
to be a
to
familiarize industry with the building of tracked vehicles and the crews
The
large,
No contracts
lines, the
Army
JANE'S
changing requirements,
cost
Germany dearly
The PzKw II
in
a preference that
production
shortcomings of the
capability
and
making
it
PzKw I.
was
more
fitted
through
were built by
in
some
anti-tank
with a transceiver,
00
vehicles (models a
(model
production
series
(models
Henschel,
Wegmann,
c),
(MAN,
used a conventional
barrel
MIAG and
models.
significant for the future
of the
II
(left)
into France,
in size
and a PzKw 38
1940.
Production of the
made
to
wring some
1937,
last
for growth,
enough
both
and
capacity,
to
in
was
large
significantly,
and often
ammunition
to
carriers
by
fitting a steel
box
in
PzKw
(t)
PzKw
superstructure
hull
il
31
1934
337
54
54
1935
811
851
851
1936
574
565
557
114
255
31
1938
22
1939a
1867
1747
332
23
669
37
106
222
38
102
1493
1223
98
211
and weight.
(right)
during the
PzKw
I:
hull
superstructure
PzKw
The
III
1937
to
PzKw
turret
1933
note:
advance
Intentionally
Above: k PzKw
Wartime Tanks
leaf-
Total
would
by no
more
Daimler-Benz,
Far
slightly larger,
turret,
A through C)
Alkett,
earlier
modern three-man
the
production
Model
later on.
effective reconnaissance
A first series of
Benz
It
that provided
it
machine.
c)
to
20mm cannon
was
turrets =
command
September
tanks
IV
JANE'S
ammo carriers built pre-war. A bizarre
of the
Below: h
30
800
PzKw IF,
With
production.
to
30mm
in the
PzKw II
keep the
To maintain
their
in
combat
F,
to
although
Cs
in
in April
last
first
of the Model
of the Model Fs
partially filled
by the
An
943
was the
VK90
turret.
with a more
large, interleaved
941
similar,
as the
first
in
batch of 1 00
PzKw IIJ.
December 94
1
beginning in March
armor was
in
Poland and
a bit thin
guaranteed tank-killer.
5cm L/42
5cm L/60
III, a
in July
this
all
its
actual production
the short
gun and
weapon
PzKw Ills
be
to speed production.
This
that
increase in weight
useful
to retrofit the
except a small
number
in
units.
a proposal
made
to
resultant
this impractical,
and
and
gun, a
had
it
50
in
In the meantime, a
94 1 Hitler saw
yielded the
the
additional barrels
The first
In April
and secondary
production
March 1 942
subsequent
Belgium
tank gun as a
anti-tank gun.
In
mount
there were
training
had begun on
942
in
The
only the
after
production line
Panzer Regiment
5cm-armed PzKw
938, with
st
of the
developing a
III
for
later).
PzKw
May, 1940.
start in
An order
in
(Luchs), a
in small batches.
new Model
Model L
the
January
built.
was decided
it
PzKw II,
ordered. This
the production of
PzKw I was
Bk
PzKw Ills as
the
new
Model
N starting
as
retrofits.
losing
effectiveness
its
on
and
last
less
accurate at
87
JANE'S
bed
1939a
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
conversions,
known
as
Tauchpanzer, retained
Production
PzKw
(2cm)
II
PzKw
II
PzKw
111
233
322
84
157
396
15
(flame)
(3.7cm)
PzKw
III
(5cm L/42)
466
1.673
251
PzKw
III
(5cm L/60)
64
(7.5cm L/24)
450
III
thrower tank.
213
100
PzKw
III
(flame)
IV
(7.5cm L/24)
45
268
467
124
PzKw
IV
(7.5cm long)
870
3,013
3.126
385
1.768
3.777
439
78
649
623
377
100
PzKw VIE
Tiger
PzKw VIB
Tiger
II
1.906
PzKw
PzKw V Panther
PzKw
Bug at
were
in place
of the
run.
PzKw III,
the
of
suspension system.
It
proved
sound vehicle
in
Variants
the
III
Command
III
Command (5cm
PzKw
PzKw
PzKw
44
34
132
14
81
Command (5cm
III
PzKw V
(unarmed)
L/60)
recovery
largely
36
14
82
227
30
IVs.
II
(flame)
PzKw
III
3.7cm
to
5cm
PzKw
III
3.7cm
to
7.5cm L/24
PzKw
III
to artillery observer
PzKw
III
to
5cm
L/42
command
L/42
the
PzKw IVs in
285
85
29
225
37
104
150
25
PzKw
IV to artillery observer
10
31
36
last
line, the
standard
these,
IV maintenance
line building
quarter of 1 94 1 while
IV L/24 to long
maintenance
which came on
53
PzKw
German
the
of the
war.
Although
-
in
III
PzKw
at
Ptich,
PzKw
a Sept
aimed
Conversions
PzKw
sound design
PzKw
overall, the
Dec only
of
Tanks
especially in terms of
The
firepower issue
of
start
peaked
in
mid- 1 942
250/month, and
thereafter
StuG40
favor of the
under
at a little
it
had eroded
assault gun,
in
which was
place
far
increase protection
were added
at the
to the hull
same time
retrofitted to the
added
production
as the
the hull
itself was
the
Model
as they
the
these were
Model J,
starting in
and superstructure
50mm,
at
30mm
until the
was increased,
trontal
eliminating
to
PzKw IIIL
when
it
too
PzKw
create
field that
III
command
tanks, 30
(81
an unarmed
make room
which
SdKfz 1 43
L/60,
ammunition
for
PzKw HID, 45
PzKw III
were modified
to
August 1941
18
contract was
November 1941
result, vehicles
940,
permit them to
called the
in
March
November
all
version of the
introduced.
detail
vehicles,
increased to
those
was
it
portion of the
to
to
decided to add
168
observer
main armament
Krupp on
to
1942. As a
vehicles
awarded
develop a long-barrel
A related
artillery
sacrificed the
75mm
in lieu
converted) and
load to
5cm Pak38
gun
L/24.
57mm.
50mm
increased to
armor remained
led to the
Model J
versatile
the
With
line.
March 1941
armor
new Model Hs
to
H were completed
more lethal.
To
new tanks.
In
50%,
August
Armor
"skirts"
and
in
later
new
barrel,
was
improvements (many
to reduce
/?/g/j/:ATiger
I,
probably on maneuvers
in
WAR
TANKS OF WORLD
JANE'S
&
II
1944.
run
in
in
albeir at a
reduced
rate.
PzKw IV remained
its
German
By
surrender,
age. In
comparison with
well sloped,
making
it
more
weapon
to the
vulnerable, but
powerh.il,
its
remaining
In
contracts to develop a
new heavier
tank.
their
The
own designs,
VK3001(P) from
Porsche. In addition,
destroyers,
that of the
PzKw IV but
designs followed
introduced the
prototype vehicles.
tanks.
It
German
began production
innovative.
little
later
utilized a
in
powered
electric
On 26 May
motors
which
went
which
The two
firms used
new designs,
the
VK450
(H)
for
20 April
On
Both
tests.
by Krupp
with the
88mm
fitted
into action
initial
These were
reliability
VK450
(P)'s
VK4503 Tiger
provided an additional
filter
VK300
reports
up
their
30-
new heavy
The
result
was contracts
new medium
tank to be
on
the in 24-ton
to those
known
two firms
as the
for a
of the VK450 1
(P)
concurred.
of the
year,
and
until
fact,
its first
Panther
production up,
the other
move
to
their
first
that
at
130 vehicles
back home.
scaled
did not
1 1
month
medium
for a
torsion-
The
requirements.
In
00 hp.
end of a requirement
tactical
in July 1943.
813
ton
largely to continuing
became
modified design
built to a
due
it
May
met the
When
clear winner,
942 and
this design.
for a high-
in July.
bar suspension by
of the
tests,
initial
2-cylinder engine
difference
Those
main
the
signal the
new
Trials
that both
and
with
II
trials
vehicles,
in
Maybach getting
development of a compact
performance gun
little earlier,
production.
The
The engine
weak,
final drive
all
expectations.
Improved acceptance
reliability,
although
it
modifications were
89
JANE'S
TANKS OF WORLD
January, but
designated the
1st vehicle in
service in
improved
reliability in
March 1944.
F,
but
it
improving the
impetus for
A further
was
in
it
lines at
January 1943,
be
fitted
first
943.
What
production started
built.
in
went
better spent
much more
have used
to
II
II
was
to
it,
if not
in the
on PzKw
III chassis
with
dummy
artillery training
regiment.
The need
for
when work
the Polish
consolidating
but they
of the Tiger
were
harmonize the
The Panther
to
support
vehicles based
became
developed
official
Guns
reliability
production once
An
with
efforts that
weapon
500 were
Assault
tank,
B, finally entered
this
It
working the
be equipped with
PzKw VI Ausf.
The
into
digits.
protected.
this
In the meantime,
before
built,
G with
August
it
WAR
initial series
six batteries
an
thereafter
in the
formed
French
additional
250
was placed
for an
into the
II
cotdd be put in
Model
B,
and
a further
50 were added
later.
C and then
50
WORLD WAR
Bi
1939
1940
1942
1941
1944
1943
enemy armored
vehicles.
The
1945
vehicles were provided with a hollow-charge
Production
540
184
round
90
702
trajecrory
1,006
105
close range
204
903
192
66
215
17
30
StuPz
IV
something of a gamble.
November 1943
disrupted by a
769
PzKw III
Pz IW70(V)
560
370
Pz IV/70(A)
207
71
226
198
61
16
chassis.
vital to the
December Hitler
in
StulG33B(15cm)
lofted
90
84)
its
863
3,850
3,011
which were
IV
being
still
tanks.
The
on
built,
was the
result
12
Conversion
StuG
IV
StuG 40 production
78
IV (SdKfz 167)
StuPz
173
The heaviest
8.8cm (SdKfz
18
restarted.
84), also
Hitler's frustration at
the long-barrel
final version
gun battery
commanders.
It
equipment and
stowed stereoscopic
scissors
The
inadequacies of the
against
armor
Krupp
of a
prototype was
actually an
tested in
June
unknown
development
1939, and a
940.
halted in
in a
November 1941
in favor
gun was
of an L/43
run
this, in turn,
standard
same ammunition
the
new
all
StuK40
as the
Model F (SdKfz
summer of 1942
demanding that
142/1). In
Hitler began
due
to the additional
offensive.
PzKw
II J,
production model.
role. Starting in
produced had
July 1942
all
With
StuGs
mount
demanded
replaced
tank.
Kursk
to use the
90
chassis
mount a
in
that a heavy
run to
satisfy this
demand.
As
moved towards
the anti-
destroyer.
to that of tank
number of enemy
rolling into
to the large
German
infantry formations,
it
left
HE support
The
fore.
firsr
was
initially
known
as the
but was
1
later
named
62) indicating
its
role
more
gun
although
75mm,
in the
autumn of 1 94 1
summer.
of
was
vehicles
built in the
now know as
March 1943,
In that
table
was published
month
new organization
gun
units
SruGs
and remained
in
production
who
infantry than
felt
defenseless
rate,
it
clearly.
944
at a
was opposed by
moderate
long-barrel
IV (SdKfz
the Jagdpanzer
primary
long-barrel
Sturmgeschtitz 40
additional
the early
assault
December 1942.
periscope.
gun be
hull of the
as the
In compensation he
Model D. The
known
12
StulG33B (15cm)
after
it
reduced
PzKw IV tank.
now to be that
If the role
of a dedicated tank
the best anti-tank
killer, it
weapon
made sense
available.
to give
The
it
result
L/70
75mm
Pak42 gun
as
IV mounting
the
masse
in the
Ardennes
first
used en
The
result
91
JANE'S
WORLD WAR
TANKS OF
vehicle
1940
1942
1941
1944
943
1945
but
in,
it
rear
was
Production
also slower,
60
total
372
lll/IV
204
345
133
16
unarmed command
accomplished
Conversion
PzKw
4.7cm Pak
(t)
auf
4.7cm Pak
(t)
auf 35-R
By late 1 94 1
174
the
170
FCM
24
not that
[half-track]
II
16
(SdKfz 131)
II
versions)
May to September
94 1 All
it
months
earlier.
a solution.
February
94 1
It
would
Development of a
193
it
The
much of an improvement,
weapons promised
75
(SdKfz 132)
47mm
had been
10
in
202
first
939 and
of them
in
(L/71) gun.
converted to
in
Eastern Front.
Krupp with
it. It
the intention
was designed by
would go
it
produce
it.
The
May 1943,
final
then switched to
increasing production to
Two other
in
to develop
PzKw IV chassis.
time on the
The
March 1943
An
1941.
effective
An
initial
Sturmpanzer IV continued
1942.
end of the
war.
An
II
The
The
result
was
initial effort to
and the
first
vehicle
these
from pre-war
mission of close
the
was
left for
the
some need
to the
still
remained.
An
sIG on the
earlier
chassis
of the
SP infantry guns,
PzKw III.
this
was
Unlike the
a full assault
it
was decided
production should
availability of chassis
by now almost
132
order in late
PzKw IB
useless, to
light
SP anti-tank
captured Czech
shield. Alkett
completed the
and guns.
first
40
in
howitzer.
131 Marder
lis
PzKw
March
15cm
June 1942
of
AT battalions in
in
utility
was called
vehicles by
role migrated to
that
and
F,
gun
artillery that
requirements and
Model
the
tanks,
original assault
tactical
PzKw II,
As the
May
into question
mount a
August
resulted
to
PzKw IID
in
as the
943
the
efforts
mount them on
7.62cm Pak36r on
an
to
early
the current
fruit in April
illogical
began yielding
1945.
to
built
to the
Production began
In early
into full
hundred 76.2mm
theaters until
943.
in
all
first-line
efforts
were given
were
available.
H-39 and
a similar treatment,
but
its
FCM
much more
the
open
more
rear
compartment. Another
parallel effort
Two
Czechoslovakia section.
the
was
PzKw 38(c)
in
on the
shield
its
armored
RSO
bed of a very
rear
gun on the
rear
Somua MCG,
were
direct-fire
made them
was turning
75mm and
further
in
in spite
in the
fir
from
version.
88mm
Hornisse used
in fact the
many of
II
had turned
had turned
it
artillery piece. In
January
until early
the
Using
served effectively on
placed. This
24 "Wespe" soldiered on
fact,
the
series
to the
Wespe
hybrid
development
1942 and
was given
to Alkett in July
shown
in
line in
The
first
prototype
production
January 1943
as the
105mm
batteries of Wespe
two 6-gun
and
one of Hummel.
1940 that
In the
SP
200 was
in July
PzKw IV SP vehicle
for the
The contract
vehicle
fronts.
942.
The companion
had been
IV chassis and
isstied to six
howitzer on
light tank.
to better
artillery
PzKw II
lew
105mm
the
to the earlier
tank with a
to a
mount
was not
to.
prototype of a
all
in the original
gun.
made
howitzer. Thus,
PzKw
used the
The development of SP
May
ideal.
upon
that of
Deliveries began in
due
infantry
had become
it
interest
meantime, however,
chassis
weapon was
called
as a
all
carrier
fire
meantime,
later
side.
from the
"Heuschrecke 10"
in the
months
weapon
This resulted
turret. In the
infantry gun.
it
were
1941 and
5cm slG
gun configuration,
huge superstructure
a
1
production.
potent
vehicles
each
its
set the
traverse
to the assault
vehicle.
Only one
and building up
which was
the
dismounting
rather half-hearted
The replacement
great height
with
An
mounted
artillery, albeit in a
mode, but
built.
The various
76mm
of SP
and capable of
into
really
turret
lightly-
With almost no
tractor.
implemented
with
wanted
way. In
&
JANE'S
as the
meantime
numbers into SP
significant
of local
forces.
for
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
engine at the
Production
15cm
PzKw
slG auf
10.5cm leFH
15cm sFH
PzKw
PzKw
18/1 auf
(SdKfz 124)
lll/IV
Wespe
Munitionsfahrzeug
II
(SdKfz 165)
514
162
368
289
57
104
55
96
61
Hummel
it
tractor,
at the rear.
maximum
5cm
The
which
usefulness
howitzer was
PzKw
IB
38
48
in
North Africa.
12
-
15cm sFH
open bed
a large,
the
had
left
12
Conversion
slG auf
rear,
II
8/2 auf
Munitionstraeger
15cm
16
12
94
Unarmored
half-tracks
were used
to carry
20mm AA guns early in the war, but their frontProduction of Self-P ropel led A rtiller\
line utility
series
of PzKw
93
TANKS OF WORLD
JANE'S
WAR
Production
205
35
rhe
Wirbelwind
100
Ostwind
15
28
Conversion
gun wirh
a long-range radio
Anti-Aircraft Production
with frame
mount
the
May
20mm on the
Known as the
March,
decision was
6x4 truck
made
chassis
coaxial
added
by Daimler-Benz, Bussing-
car with a
a long-range radio
Half-Tracks
somewhat complex,
D7)
a telescoping
to the
SdKfz
armored bodies.
in action
demanded
a modification to
the "Wirbelwind", a
and
A modified version,
new production.
than
using the
37mm Flak43
known
production in
as the
00
November 1944.
development of more
in parallel
with their
the Kugelblitz,
An advanced design,
only
five
service in 1940.
commander.
pre-production
war ended.
chassis
with
its
rear-
initially
(Hanomag H
kl 6) for fitting
with
machine gun
built
in
an open
turret, the
armored personnel
carrier
SdKfz. 222
in the
(550 built
SdKfz. 22 1 but
fitted
utility
them
first
first.
was limited by
Although
useful, their
the basic
room
carry six
men,
the emerging
a coaxial
withdrawn from
Horch 80 1
1 1
(Demag
towing
930s. These
chassis with
these, like
PzKw IV
largest contributor.
crew vulnerable
in the
and
range of successful,
half-tracks for
the
to
April 1943.
was
turret
armored
turret,
which the
thereafter.
above the
between
requirement for
FlakPanzer
2cm gun
including a long-range
in
production were
SdKfz 23
by Hitler
initially rejected
On 28 January
to use the
to enter
built
Kfz. 1 3
relented.
made
quad
two
47
and 40 Kfz. 1
20mm
first
single
The
"8-rad".
the SdKfz. 23
SP
II
1945
1944
Kfz.
Mdbelwagen
the heavy
armored
car
the
and
earlier
appended
to the designation,
and the
later
ones
later
losses
levels,
Armored Cars
The
armored
cars
initial
foray into
civilian chassis.
The light
1939
by
8mm thick
1940
SdKfz 250
SdKfz 251
94
232
337
1941
1942
1943
1944
389
1,374
2,895
1,701
269
813
2,574
7,153
9,486
1,285
1945
WORLD WAR
&
armored
France.
in
UE light
useful for
As
operations.
a result, they
only rarely
left
machine gun,
One
if
been a
been
lost.
security units
and
The
particular the
one-man
in
comprised of 2,934
11
most
part,
sending out
the Balkans
Captured Vehicles
first
TKS
tankettes
intact,
and
to
have
dozen
The
fall
B- 1 and 300
FCM 36,
160 Renault
needed.
The
the
The remainder
German service. A
creation of
ttactors.
to
to flame-throwing tanks
clear if the
Germans
initially
became
It is
planned
it
not
to use
certainly
French
tactics, in
towing
and 16 converted
to
briefly used
combat
use.
few
armored
them.
cars, the
vehicles
it
number
was taken
The same
capturing unit
of spates rendered
the
Army
tanks;
light
M-
4/42
AB-43 atmored
tractor
One company
consisted of:
was
a smaller
useless.
them
in
command vehicles
number
would use
and
945.
little
into
The Komsomolyets
by individual
to self-
in France,
West
over to security
factories.
ofT-26s.
as aid
propelled mounts.
number
Normandy
in the
with German
into
fell
threat of an
The
fold,
this
Production
Allied
cars;
after this
bombing and
supplying
materials.
95
&
JANE'S
TANKS OF WORLD
WAR
II
Originally
known
tractor) to disguise
was the
its
PzKw
development, the
post-WW I German
of the
first
tanks.
hand-operated
in a
to be
to engine overheating
PzKw IB
after 8
line
by the
The Pzkw IB
Maybach
unit.
command
superstructure.
thin
were carried
vehicles with a
With
air-
00-hp water-
tall
in
fixed
start
carriers,
PzKw
but were
light
5.8
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
tank
Length (m)
4.42
Side
Width (m)
2.06
Engine
Height (m)
1.72
HP
13
13
100
40
The successor to
the
PzKw I
was
The
hundred (models
first
in the light
tank
role, this
and
b)
were
five
independently-
D added a
km/hr) and
The
later
new suspension
model F reverted
to the
model
(30mm).
All were
armed with
a single
2cm
As with
transceivers,
later
German
tanks,
all
had
useful as
Weight (tonnes)
8.9
PzKw
96
IIF light
tank
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
Length (m)
4.81
Side
Width (m)
2.22
Engine
Height (m)
1.99
HP
15
15
140
40
PzKw
The
B.
JANE'S
Tank (SdKfzi4i)
III
first
Daimler-Benz
vehicles),
as trials
Model B
(l 5),
Model
(l 5)
and Model
D (30).
( 1
Most
first
Model
MG rounds.
The vehicle
introduced the
combined with
was
( 1
plates
to
FAMO)
tank with
50mm
gun (PMK)
Above: PzKw
IIIJ
medium
Above: PzKw
IIIN
30mm armor
initially
refitted
with the
1941.
the
the
last
in
1940 and
August. These
still
had the
and
Fs.
similar,
simpler transmission.
armor
last
5cm
gun (PMK)
medium tank
99
37mm
IlIF
brought in
welded
with
Above: PzKw
the
The Es and
number built
made
that,
agile.
complex transmission
IlIF
The
turret.
quick and
built.
with a coaxial
in a
E, for
MAN) were
and the
built in
thick frontal
to
front to bring
it
up
to
armor.
M were identical
to the late-production
of the
in place
50mm.
PzKw
PzKw
IlIF
IIIJ
IIIN
Weight (tonnes)
19.8
21.5
23.0
PzKw
5.65
Length (m)
5.38
5.52
Width (m)
2.91
2.95
2.95
Height (m)
2.44
2.50
2.50
30
50
57
30
30
30
300
300
300
40
40
40
Front
Side
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Engine
HP
medium
75mm
gun
97
TANKS OF WORLD
JANE'S
WAR
regarded
as
successful tanks
the
a result of
last as
was
difference
Designed
armament:
in the
a coaxial
rounds tor
its
the
terrain.
leaf-
less
a short-barrel
75mm KwK37
support
role, the
Pzkw IV earned 80
HE and smoke.
IVD
hull
1
from
(229 built
frontal
armor thickness
in
to
May
The PzKw
75mm
gun (PMK)
5mm to 20mm.
and an added
uniform
(50mm) armor on
1f^J^
to
PzKw IVF
September 1 940
built
the
turret) as a
production feature.
the
Model F2
the
KwK40
L/43 gun.
to the Panzerwaffe.
This was
including supplemental
in
thick hull
differed
80mm
AA mount for an MG
final version
of additional
fuel stowage.
PzKw
IVD
PzKw
IVG
PzKw
Weight (tonnes)
20.0
23.5
25.0
7.02
IV
Length (m)
5.92
6.62
Width (m)
2.84
2.88
2.88
Height (m)
2.68
2.68
2.68
Front
30
50
80
Side
20
30
30
300
300
300
40
40
49
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Engine
HP
(3,774 built to
98
75mm
gun
JANE'S
&
PzKw V Panther
The Panther was produced successively in
first
the
all
opening
an
and
Model A, which
on
torsion
a front sprocket.
1
production shifted
to the
mount on
a ball
replacing
him
models used
a redesigned
gun mantlet
that eliminated a
Aside from
reliability
problems,
Model G,
War
II.
about average.
short engine
life,
First
column PzKw V
D,
A.
Column PzKw V G
45.5
Weight (tonnes)
43.0
44.8
Length (m)
8.86
8.86
8.86
Width (m)
3.40
3.42
3.40
Height (m)
2.95
2.98
2.98
Armor (mm)
Side Armor (mm)
100
110
110
45
45
50
HP
700
700
700
46
46
46
Front
Engine
Middle:
99
&
PzKw VI Tiger
The
initial
model, the
PzKw VI Ausf. E
used a suspension
The
rear.
hull extended
in
The
turret
mounted
the
turret.
coaxial
May
of other
in the Panther.
improvements were
detail
also
made during
command vehicles,
turret,
vision slots
Is
by one with
were completed
as
(also
known
as
Tiger
II
and
vehicle.
made
thickness,
The
turret
powerful
this,
combined with
it
almost
side.
gun
(for
which 72 rounds
MG34. A second
Tiger
II
however, reduced
its
effectiveness
and the
II
predecessor.
column PzKw
First
VI E,
57.0
Length (m)
8.45
10.3
Width (m)
3.70
3.76
Height (m)
2.93
3.08
100
180
Front
Side
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Engine
HP
Middle:
100
VI B
Weight (tonnes)
68.0
80
80
650
700
38
35
as its
by
WORLD WAR
SturmgeschCitz 7.5cm
This, the original
an armored superstructure to
barrel
engine. In the
2
1
to +20.
and automotive
the chassis
the short
used
mount
(SdKfzi42)
gun
&
WORLD WAR
IIIF.
The Model B
Model
The Model
for radio
intended
as a battery
The Model E
MG.
useful vehicle in
its
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
20.2
Front
Length (m)
5.40
Side
Width (m)
2.93
Engine
Height (m)
1.98
HP
50
30
300
40
Sturmgeschiitz 40
The
initial
Model
E and
(SdKfzi42/i)
F,
replaced
gun.
The comprehensive
revision
came with
the
PzKw
IIIJ.
was increased
to
of-6
to
ammunition. Starting
in early
943 an external
This was
later replaced
mounting.
early
944.
by a remote -control
skirts
were usually
fitted
ii69
in the field.
the
the
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
23.9
Front
Length (m)
6.77
Side Armor
Width (m)
2.95
Engine
Height (m)
2.16
(mm)
HP
80
30
300
40
StuGIIIF(PMK)
101
Sturmgeschutz
WORLD WAR
IV (SdKfzi67)
made
changes as were
applied to the
control
StuG
StuG 40 Model
to the
StuG 40 were
also
remote-
IV, including
to the superstructure
position was
moved forward
driver's
into a protruding
cab.
fighting
compartment
ammunition stowage
in the
that allowed
to be increased to
87
StuG IV had
main armament
traverse
as the
profile
the
same
made
PzKw IV to
the
A destroyed StuG
StuG
it
the
IV.
IV being inspected
by a Gl
Armor (mm)
(mm)
Weight (tonnes)
23.0
Front
Length (m)
6.70
Side Armor
Width (m)
2.95
Engine
Height (m)
2.20
38
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Engine HP
Road Speed (km/h)
200
HP
80
30
300
Sturmgeschutz 8.8cm
(SdKfz 184) (Ferdinand/Elefant)
The SttiG 8.8cm took the
unsuccessful Porsche
it
(L/71) gun.
side
and could
elevate
traverse of l4 each
from -8
armament was
initially fitted,
to + 14. Fifty
No secondary
943
were given a
ball
mount
it
mixed
also
had
and
rear
102
Kursk
Weight (tonnes)
65.0
Front
Length (m)
8.14
Side
Width (m)
3.38
Height (m)
2.97
battle.
80
600
30
JANE'S
Jagdpanzer
B,
IV (SdKfz 162)
PzKw IVF
tank.
superstructure,
chassis, that
The main
The gun
and
to
provided
May
total
+ 15.
the
traversed 20
of the
removed
in the field
A command version,
model but
fitted
with an
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
60
Weight (tonnes)
24.5
Front
Length (m)
6.85
Side
Width (m)
3.17
Engine
Height (m)
1.85
40
Weight (tonnes)
25.8
Front
8,50
Side
40
Width (m)
3.17
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Engine HP
80
Length (m)
Height (m)
1.85
HP
30
300
Jagdpanzer IV
Jagdpanzer IV/70
There were actually two versions of this vehicle
in
IV/70 (A)
built
vertical portion
hull
on
on the lower
easier to
of5
to + 15.
The
The
(A)
model 90
barrel,
and
the
first
as a
two
steel
Jagdpanzer IV/70(V)
300
35
103
Bi
JANE'S
II
upward
to create a
into
the
-8
to +15,
and
for
made during
horn two
mount,
to one,
and horn
the production
a small
slots
welded sun
The Jagdpanther
thick, well-
accurate gun.
killer or
the war.
Jagdpanther (PMK)
Jagdtiger
The heaviest AFV
to see
Weight (tonnes)
46.0
Front
80
Length (m)
9.90
Side
50
Width (m)
3.42
Engine
Height (m)
2.72
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
HP
700
46
(SdKfz 186)
Tiger
II
elevation of -7.5 to +
had
The vehicle
it is
from thcTiger
88mm on
II
it
ranges at which
1
the Tiger
II
met on
it
the battlefield at
all
hit.
S=
The
-*^
but, lacking
Weight (tonnes)
70
Length (m)
104
10.65
Width (m)
3.63
Height (m)
2.95
Front
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Engine HP
Road Speed (km/h)
Side
250
80
700
38
Sturmpanzer
The 1 5cm heavy infantry gun
effective close
while to
IV (SdKfz166) (Brummbar)
come up with
Bi
WORLD WAR
it
took a
assault carrier.
built-up
a traverse
of
cramped and
ammunition. Starting
were produced with
front face
and
in
ball-mounted
MG on the
AA MG mount.
Early production
Brummbar
gun
slightly.
without
MG
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
28.2
Front
Length (m)
5.93
Side
Width (m)
2.88
Engine
Height (m)
2.52
on
HP
100
50
300
40
front face
4.7cm
This was the
first,
conversions to an
Pak(t) auf
PzKw IB
47mm
a traverse
of 1 7.5
and
effective for
its
somewhat
theaters
inefficient.
and remained
The
vehicle served in
in service in
all
diminishing
Weight (tonnes)
4.7cm(t) auf
PzKw
6.4
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
Length (m)
4.42
Side
Width (m)
2.06
Engine
Height (m)
2.25
HP
13
13
100
40
IB
105
WORLD WAR
compartment
II
II)
PzKw IIF
to create a
in the center
and
rear.
on supporting
range of 32
75mm Pak40,
The gun had
girders.
and 25
left
right
mounted
a traverse
of center and
A light MG was
carried.
PzKw IID
chassis
were
tall
lateral
and
vehicles
and
rear
fire,
left
came
into service,
Armor (mm)
(mm)
Weight (tonnes)
10.8
Front
Length (m)
6.36
Side Armor
Width (m)
2.28
Engine
Height
2.20
(tn)
HP
30
15
140
40
II
final
open-topped self-propelled
the pinnacle or
5cm
ammunition were
armament was
gun, which
total
and an
40 rounds of
carried.
Secondary
a single light
MG that could be
to
traverse of the
main gun
disadvantages, but
remained
in
Nashorn 8.8cm
106
it
its
carried tactical
Pak43 could
met
slice
at all practical
through
ranges and
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
24.0
Front
Length (m)
8.44
Side
Width (m)
2.86
Engine
Height (m)
2.65
HP
30
20
300
42
JANE'S
and
built
three
up
a large,
and
plates that
traverse of
was open
was placed a
2.5
left
and
right of center
at
5cm
wheels). In this
tanks
lOmm-thick armor
the rear
and
Pzkw IB
fire
(Bison)
for
&
and an
mode
if required,
last
was
finally lost in
943.
Weight (tonnes)
sIG auf
PzKw
Bison
100
2.80
40
4.67
Width (m)
Height (m)
PzKw
II
Front
Side
13
13
(SdKfz124) (Wespe)
2.06
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Engine HP
8.5
Length (m)
PzKw II
to the
this relatively
high
elevation lor an
SP mount gave
10,500 meters.
of ammunition.
carried,
a range of
close-in defense.
without guns
as
carriers to carry
90
required.
little
trouble
if
popular in
all
where they
light
SP
howitzer
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
11.0
Front
Length (m)
4.81
Side
Width (m)
2.28
Engine
Height (m)
2.30
HP
30
15
140
40
107
JANE'S
TANKS OF WORLD
WAR
5cm sFH
8/
on
chassis, essentially a
hybrid
piece
mounted
the
PzKw III/IV
PzKw IV lengthened
slightly
center.
a traverse
of 1 5 each side
maximum
theoretical
carried,
The
range.
A light MG was
driver
Hummel
The
at the rear.
gun but
ammo carrier to
as
an
-<
MI
weapon horn
firing with
uppermost (eighth)
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
24.0
Front
Length (m)
7.17
Side
Width (m)
2.97
Engine
Height (m)
2.81
Road Speed
30
20
charge.
HP
(km/fi)
300
42
artillery.
were used
1
for the
5cm howitzer,
for
12 lor the
7.5cm Pak,
alterations
sides, the
only
all
using
real
gun, and a
recoil
spade
5cm sFH
powerful
sFH
18.
It
and
to
mounted
had
As
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
8.49
Front
Length (m)
5.31
Side
Width (m)
1.83
Engine
Height (m)
2.23
HP
10
9
70
34
JANE'S
&
FlakPanzer IV
There were three variants of this
vehicle, the
earliest
3.7cm Flak43
surface
when
the crew
The
firing.
when
mounted
quad
housed
major drawback.
20mm in an open-topped
within
its
The
work
was
in action
to provide a
much better
a lethal
weapon
a longer
crew
ro three.
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
24.0
Front
Length (m)
5.92
Side
Width (m)
2.95
Engine
Height (m)
2.73
30
30
300
HP
38
for action
Light Armored
Car Family
(SdKfz.221/222/223/260/261)
There were three basic family members that
entered production in
935-36,
all
based on the
Horch 80 1
fitted
with an open-topped
2cm autocannon,
MG
a coaxial
turret
with
and
and
a third
radio cars,
in favor
moved
accommodate a long-range
to create the
chassis
radio
and
all
armament
antennas.
With
thin
fire)
light
last
last
223
222 being in
in
built in
January 1944.
Weight (tonnes)
4.8
Front
Armor (mm)
(mm)
Length (m)
4.80
Side Armor
Width (m)
1.95
Engine
Height (m)
2.00
HP
8
8
75
or
90
85
armored car
109
WORLD WAR
first
of the
cars, these
The armament of
the SdKfz 23
and 232
(6-rad)
was a 2cm
The
a fixed
MG 13 instead of a turret.
large
in the
antenna.
and
mast
a telescoping
or four,
They were
service in
940
combined with
it
ii
TM*nvi
iMJTW _
_<_
thin armor.
Weight (tonnes)
5.35
Front
Length (m)
5.57
Side
Width (m)
1.82
Engine
Height (m)
2.25
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
HP
8
8
65
70
large vehicles
and
withdrawal.
with a
gun
all
were provided
tor
in a turret
for the
was
fitted
turret. Early
frontal
main
The
added
quick
without the
to
30mm. A
turret, the
side
was introduced
110
in late
942.
ttaverse each
Weight (tonnes)
8.3
Front
Armor (mm)
(mm)
Length (m)
5.85
Side Armor
Width (m)
2.20
Engine
Height (m)
2.35
HP
15
8
150
85
JANE'S
El
chassis
was developed
in four
armament. The
turret with
turret
side.
fitted
similar to the
cars carried
480
ammunition. Although
had
for
such vehicles
decreased dramatically.
Armor (mm)
30
Weight (tonnes)
11.5
Front
Length (m)
6.00
Side
Width (m)
2.40
Armor (mm)
Engine HP
Height (m)
2.10
220
80
250
built in a
The only
major change
dining
its
production run was the replacement of the multiangled open-topped body with one with fewer
(albeit larger) plates to simplify
The
production.
Demag D7
half-track,
removed per
side.
The variants
room
for four
units (250/4
and 250/5),
a carrier for
7.5cm ammunition
rounds (250/7),
fitted
gun
70 rounds of
carrier
for
with 42
with 2cm/light
MG
Weight (tonnes)
5.8
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
Length (m)
4.56
Side
Width (m)
1.95
Engine
Height (m)
1.66
HP
14
8
100
60
111
role (250/9),
1),
and
(250/12),
versions with
on
ammunition
carrier
observation vehicle.
A number of improvised
5cm
Pak.
Although
the larger
SdKfz 251
chassis
wat
and
in favor
81mm
their
of the
latter.
mortar carrier
112
of
production
250
(continued)
JANE'S
&
3-ton
tractor.
The
on the
built
first
chassis of
passengers in
its
D, introduced
reduce the
basic
commander and
APC configuration.
ten
The Model
manufacturing rime.
Due
amenable
to modification to a
it
was
command
mounting the
1), artillery
1 / 1
7)
artillery
2cm
(251/15), flame-thrower
Flak on
observation (2 5
AA mount
1 / 1
8) ,
telephone
MG151
mount 1.5cm
anti-tank
or
2cm
7.5cm Pak40
It
was one
of only
In
production to the
carriers
US
half-track series.
Weight (tonnes)
7.81
Length (m)
5.80
Width (m)
2.10
Height (m)
1.75
Armor (mm)
Side Armor (mm)
15
HP
100
Front
Engine
53
style
113
ISSk
Hungary
The Trianon peace
treaty
machine gun
carrier, Fiat
3000B
tankettes
from
by a
purchase of 25
larger purchase
CV33
of CV35s,
as the
37M
Ansaldo light tanks. They were used in the opening phases of Operation
Barbarossa, but were quickly found to be so tactically limited that the fact
that they broke
the treaty. In
long-distance
much of a loss.
that
would
treaty.
of
A key feature
was the creation of two motorized brigades each of which, by 1941, would
include 13 armored cars and 36 light tanks.
light tanks
An alternative
Hungary already,
in
and armored
V-4
light
tank in 1936.
trial
world
in the early
this lead
cars in
had
still
largely evaporated
respectable
Nevertheless,
its
in the
and
some
it is
by
not
reservations
quickly solved, but others could not be rectified in the time available.
A production license was acquired from Landsverk and the tank was
designated the 38iYl Toldi A20. Several
set to
work
80
tanks, using
WAR
TANKS OF WORLD
JANE'S
Once
this
was
Below: Hungarian L3s before the
accomplished
Germany to speed
and the
first
two were
940. By
but, as production
covering 42 from
were placed
differed
as the
ramped up
additional orders
II
B20. These
on the
A review or operations up to
front, indicated
The major
known
to rebuild
la
as the
to build
38M Toldi
the designation
it
II
query
to
38M
The need
medium
war and
in
arrived in
939 contacts
June
prototype of which
Modifications were
known
as the
made
to the design,
Raba
1
in April
94 1
for
,
70 each
WM and
August
A repetition of the
now
Hungarians
a refusal.
1 1
license-building
tank, but
interest in the
to proceed.
tor a
in
light tanks,
was allowed
Operation
cancelled as
start of
Barbarossa.
III
Toldi
to
end of 1 94 1
the
more
in detail,
C40, and
months
later
due
to their
'
W>-^ "*'
*A
116
JANE'S
efforts
began on schedule
was not
942 due
in
cars,
40mm.
guns
Toldi
&II to Toldi
lla
Ganzand
19 from
In
49 were
delivered,
II.
In
Raba
May
:ion
development of the
36
80
15
10
was changed
in
PzKw
IB
PzKw
IIF
PzKw
38(t)
108
PzKw
IIIM
10
PzKw
IVF1
22
PzKw IVF2
10
never
8
-
PzKw VIE
8mm
12
10
StuG40
40
StuG40G
weapons
new
on
as
the Turan
A prototype of the
I.
M Turan
was
II
production program.
WM
for
90
The
initial
over to
contract was
205,
tanks,
i62 tanks,
In July the
May
1942 to
in
war
in.
February 1943 to
in
.deteriorating
May as 222
92),
(WM
The
situation, in particular
power
completed
after
mid-
the
Honved
in
1940 an
(designated the
MAVAG.
Hungarian
licenses
L-60
initial
40M
40mm gun
it
made sense
for
to
both
WM's
1942 proposal
chassis
was thus
prototype ran
air
defense
role, the
referred to as an
unsuitable.
for anti-tank
The
first
Nimrod
armored gun
the
battalion
and a tank-
40/43M Zrinyi
in late
Artillery Battalion
was
tests in
The
1st Assault
raised in mid-year
and
The
battalion, an
it
envisioned.
to
The
light
utility as a
the versatile
(if small)
to
the long-barrel
the
Zrinyi
be
fit
fact,
as a
armored autocannon
1944,
production
50
50
JWM's
handed
II
Hetzer
given to
L-160
Marder
successfully tested in
30
12
PzKw V
September the
to use the
PzKw IVH
a coaxial
specification
30
15
LT-35
Somua S-35
to the
gust
Hotchkiss H-35/39
as a result
move
18
desire to
60
71
Imports
Renault R-35
and
120
46
MAVAG)
TK/TKS
10W
24
Conversions
May
65
190
tank
medium tank
Zrinyi assault
again to 124 in
110
Nimrod SP
tanks, along
A the
32
80
II
III)
1945
1944
1943
50
Turan
(Huba
50
with 24 SP
1942
medium
light
1941
Turan
24
,i>*^.
Production
1940
1939
to design changes.
The
versions.
gun
versions
and 9 howitzer
delays, however,
II.
continual
117
JANE'S
Sv
vehicles were ever built.
In early
944
With
WM was commissioned
Turan, in
much
the
930s to license-
initially
imported.
tankettes
Hungary in March
943
it
Csabas.
In the
meantime, the
raising of a
second
was given
came with
is
not clear
if they
were ever
Medium- range
but
it
built.
armored
car.
Csaba
configuration to pioneering
of local designer
Straussler.
An initial
WM
in
was placed
in 1940.
50 vehicles (including 27
was placed
in
1941 but
command
command vehicles)
later cancelled.
so an
to be
purchased
PzKw 38(c)
from
their inventory
in the
command
tanks and 22
PzKw IVF
in
Hungary
after
To speed up
which
essentially ceased.
and 12 PzKw
PzKw I
StuG 40
(short-
by 40 more StuGs
assault
guns
IVH
in
in the
summer
to build
sold four
in
(long-barrel)
III,
PzKw IVF2
all
flanks of Stalingrad
and
of these
on the
barrel) to
vehicles,
II
in
Hungarian origins
118
to
gun
battalions,
and
up
in
(plus 50
more
in early
units.
II,
JANE'S
im
38M
Light Tank,
This was a modified license-built version of the
choice of the
208 rounds
a coaxial
as the
The
original
minor
detail
A20
II,
improvements. The
undergunned and
poorly armored.
a coaxial
8mm machine
was ready
Toldi
38M
it
Ila
light
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
8.5
Front
Length (m)
4.75
Side
Width (m)
2.14
Engine
Height (m)
2.05
13
13
HP
155
50
tank (PMK)
the
armor thickness
slightly,
The
radio.
turret
fitting a
was enlarged
to
the
to
40mm
in the
41
M Turan
II
was
similar,
The
M short-barrel
accommodate
it.
ATuran
III
with
long
75mm
Turan
Turan
19.2
Turan
II
Turan
II
Length (m)
5.50
5.50
Armor (mm)
Side Armor (mm)
40
40
prototype stage.
Width (m)
2.44
2.44
Engine
260
260
Height (m)
2.39
2.44
43
Turan
40M medium
Front
HP
60
60
tank
119
m.
WORLD WAR
a license-built version
mounted
cannon
a single Bofors
three-man
turret.
120
40M
in
It
self-propelled
of the
defense vehicle.
(also license-built in
60 tank (Toldi
Nimrod
air
that of the L-
service).
40mm
in a
Although designed
fitted.
German Biissing-NAG
units
46 having
Ganz VIII
engines.
as air
ammunition
AP
Although nimble,
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Engine HP
Road Speed (km/h)
Weight (tonnes)
8.0
Front
Length (m)
4.75
Side
Width (m)
2.14
Height (m)
2.10
13
10
155
50
Assault Gun,
The
m.
40M Zrinyi
chassis of the
accommodate
the
gun
46cm
105mm 40/43M
howitzer fitted in a
ball
mount
AP
somewhat.
ground defense
it
it
profile, in
of
rate
a useful
weapon,
An anti-
a halt.
Weight (tonnes)
Zrinyi
40M 105mm
21.5
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
Length (m)
5.90
Side
Width (m)
2.89
Engine
Height (m)
1.90
HP
75
n/a
260
40
earlier
ACTI,
The
Hungarian AFV.
drive system
and two
drivers,
The two-man
mounted
rounds.
Of 93 Csabas built,
vehicles
12 were
command
The
provided
little
rifle
it
use.
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
5.9
Front
Length (m)
4.52
Side
Width (m)
2.10
Engine
Height (m)
2.27
HP
9
n/a
90
65
121
Italy
Pre-War Vehicles
Italy's
I.
came at
The
designation of Fiat
3000 and
resultant vehicle
army
the
the very
designation
An
6.5mm machine
to 100, these
Maneuvers
in
underpowered.
armed with a long-barrel 37mm gun. The new tank, known as the Fiat
3000B
or
replaced the
to the
Model 21 but
37mm
new gun
930. Most
appear to
as well.
when
with
designated the
kits for
CV.29
another 2 1 vehicles in
in kalian service,
an exclusive
Fiat,
had
was
set
Carden-Loyd
their
up
own
to
carriers
ideas.
to
developed a modified version of the CV.29 that seems not to have violated
the license,
single
the
The
first
model,
known
as the
CV.33
(later
L3/33) carried
line
by
first
is
in the
in the following
its
downside. With
Below:
showed the
vulnerable to almost
all
in a turret,
gun
in a turret.
to
tank in the
first
it
behind
to
close as
combat.
The
until
The
by
would become
the
9 November
of 110 Lancia
(medium)
tanks.
would be L
The L
tanks
939.
it
Parian! directed
in a turret, to
first set,
conform
but with a
armored
37mm
L/40
Ethiopia and
began formulating
announced
Two
battalions,
None survived
car was
with two
the hull.
MG
their
armor proving
in
there to be destroyed
requirement for a
70 were kept
and
tank.
war
the
turret,
in the
form two
mod 30
on the
in Italy to
also seen
many stayed
MGs in a
least a
8-
Fiats
one
61
produce the
the
The
gun and
Two types of M
1917.
Fiat
turret with a
47mm
to the revised
specifications.
The
on the survivors
gun
and
modifications of the
(light),
CV series of vehicles.
37mm gun suitable for use against known, nonmoving targets, with twin MGs in the turret. In
clear policy
would weigh
in military
also,
For armored
heavier
deliveries to run
inefficiency
M tanks envisioned
it
fire,
not clear
armament. Thus,
47mm gun in a
with a
turret.
It is
L3-series to be
kinds of enemy
little
Battles in Spain
M tanks a 20mm
M tank a 47mm
gun
of a heavy
incentive or
of the
pre-war time.
full
WORLD WAR
as
found
known
prototypes,
new
and shown
in
May
The
improvement
to be a significant
1 1
one
1939.
forces.
As
vehicles, to be
these were
a third
coaxially
weapon
was placed
for
24
AB 40. Most of
8mm Breda M38
as the
machine guns
and
known
mounted
in the rear
in the turret
compartment.
Thus, when Germany invaded Poland in
Italian
on the
little
still
L3
ineffective
on
Partial
medium
tanks.
Other
vehicles
were
no match
for
Wartime Tanks
940
the Italian
'This also laid the foundation for the Italian designation system, which comprised an
an
124
-ton
medium
tank adopted in
939.
or P), followed by the weight in tons, then the year of adoption. Thus, the
/39 was
Right:
Two M1
WORLD WAR
Mod 21
and 34
tanks,
armored
and
cars.
more modern
vehicle, with
armament and
1/39 into
turret-mounted
many of the
gun
The former
greater weight.
to 7.5
The adoption
due
of the
more powerful
turned out
it
first
in late
it
in quantity until
as Italy
940
prepared for
they proved
1939. In March
ordered
that
felt
The
was
it
to the
47/32 gun
a further
its
241 were
entrance into
North Africa
in early
94
1/39.
end of the
The
first
year,
its
the
M 14/4
improved
which
M-
completed
as
final
medium
to
be
tank weapon.
a variety
as a
the
finally replaced
reliability. Initial
The
differed
in
The
of
What had
in
5s,
line until
medium
the
L 6 was
old
L3
a significant
series,
1943
North Africa.
a light
Although flawed,
improvement on the
weapon comparable
contemporaries
in
to
a radio.
man
crew.
With
commander,
efficiently be a
a gunner, a loader,
such
as security,
to pull
Italian pracrice
Nor can a
normal unit
in this
trailers
medium
-*:
(except those in
North Africa),
to
The L 6s were
Left:
An
M 11/39 probably in
Northern
Italy,
1939
125
JANE'S
as to
M 13 when
6 January
February.
The
1
in late
was granted on
it
94 1
initial
for
30
assault
command vehicles,
another order,
first
The
May 94
on the
June by
this
December two
March
The
first
in parallel
with the
chassis.
By late 1942
M 14
and
in
introducing a
new organization
Russian Front by
Italy.
SP
this diversion.
They were
made up
for
built at the
Ansaldo works,
Fiat.
little
as limited as
new showed up
was tested
in
earlier
finally the
to
four
months
1941
to
this
was
initial
to rise to
36/month. In
fact,
5/month,
once
Italy
joined the
1941 production of
it
had
lost
Two
Semoventi
it
most of the
fleet.
role the
105mm L/25
75/18 was
production dropped
and
destroyer.
therealter.
been any
to have
effort
One
anti-tank
Some were
rifles in
retrofitted
with
20mm
One
howitzer.
issued.
Both
75mm
path
L/34 gun
it
into a tank
the fighting in
to be replaced
The second
by
tankettes.
that there
artillery.
gun support
at
Army was
for
to the
province of the
after
30/month and
of new tanks
126
be produced at an
were
M 13s
first
one
produced by the
and none
as
and,
also
be relieved of producing
them
company of M
if the
more
types, however,
Germans.
all
formed
improvements
a single
to the basic
1942/43.
was only
Assault
The
Guns
on
the assault
is
gun
some dispute
in
Above: An
Italy,
1941
JANE'S
1940
1943 a
1942
1941
IvV
with a Breda 38 machine gun.
Total
It
appears not to
Production
Light Tank L6/40
n/a
n/a
234
475
376
319
104
n/a
n/a
Semoventi 75/18 on
M40
710
695
220
115
n/a
Semoventi 47/32
402
n/a
n/a
282
60
60
to
162
162
Semoventi 75/18 on
M42
188
190
Semoventi 75/34 on
M42
60
61
Semoventi 75/34 on
M43
produced a number of SP
Italy also
mountings
30
30
for
30
30
guns, but
Command
Vehicle
M1 3/40
30
30
Command
Vehicle
M1 4/41
49
49
rear
Command
Vehicle
M15/42
45
45
stabilizing jacks.
Ammunition
Carrier
M43
L6
30
30
250
302
72
624
52
32
82
all
bed of
a military truck
During 940
Imports
1
109
33
33
12
12
12
12
infantry Tank
R-35
109
Assault
a
ro 800.
cars
and
number of tanks
was reduced
Cavalry Tank S-35
and adding
mm
gun on the
Foreign-Built Vehicles
Conversions
L3/35 to 20
made
Semoventi 90/53
Semoventi 105/25 on
stage.
The Germans
rejected this
12
12
50 S-35s
began
thorugh July
in
used
initially as
inefficient
6/40
to the
effective,
and the
but
where
At the
it
left Italy,
being deployed
was used
to
plagued the L
in all theaters
from
car,
the Italian
(Lynx),
which
differed
the Lince
38 machine gun
Italian attempts to
Pz
III
procure a production
and/or Pz IV proved
German
up by the
and
to develop a near-copy.
was destroyed.
lighter
light tank. It
turret that
scout
chassis
one-man
An
monopoly on
ranks. Indeed,
no further
L 6/40
light tank. It
fire
Another
built,
Carriers
cars
the
and armament,
it
seems
to
have
light tanks.
fell.
The
up
in Sicily
Italian
to the Italian
Army there,
undertaken.
came
4x4 AS37
fitted a light
armored body
to the
in the
first
summer and
the Blackshirts,
IIIN, Pz
fill
who
but
out the
AS37, which
Africa
apparently used to
few
An
and
when North
in fact
they were
Hermann
actual deliveries
III.
to
127
JANE'S
second Centauro Armored Division in July
the
fall
of Mussolini.
promised 25 Pz
on
forces
III
came
III to
once again
after
to replace
unclear
The Germans
and 7 StuG
Sardinia, but
this actually
it is
if
also
the Italian
it is
not
known
if
to pass.
Post-Armistice
vehicles,
car
the
for their
M-
4/42 and
not well
appear to
reliable figures
is
as pillboxes);
M- 14/42 chassis;
55
semoventi 75/34;
vehicles;
and
109
1 1
semoventi 75/46; 91
semoventi 105/25,41
M- 14/42 command
in
North Africa
29 Lince scout
cars.
German Army.
Tankette, L 3/35
Based on the Carden Loyd machine gun
the
on the
right
In the earlier
single
6.5mm
Fiat
side-by-side with
L 3/33
the
Model 14
armament was a
aircraft
machine
upgraded
Breda 35
total
small
their
slightly to a
carrier,
combat.
it
was
traverse a
number of L 3/33s
in
MG replaced by a 20mm AT
ot each
model were
Some
as
and
made
the
L3
(in
series a
deathtrap in combat.
Weight (tonnes)
Length
128
3.2
Front
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
3.17
Side
Width (m)
1.40
Engine
Height (m)
1.28
(in)
HP
13
9
43
42
JANE'S
had some
it
and
limited
its
scouting
in
significant limitations
had
It
a crew of two:
gunner/commander, which
both
effectiveness
roles.
in the
combat and
par
consisted of a
the suspension
The armament
8mm Breda 38
fitted to
it is
accommodate
not clear
if all
were
so equipped.
with
career.
Weight (tonnes)
6.7
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
Length (m)
3.78
Side
Width (m)
1.92
Engine
Height (m)
2.03
HP
30
14
70
42
Medium Tank,
The
Ml
1 is
medium
The
designed in the
late
M38
meaning
that
The
on
three,
M 11/39
to
crew of
aim and
quickly
lost.
all
were
mediums, four
pairs
of small roadwheels
side,
making high-
.^
if a
111/39
Medium Tank
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
10.9
Front
Length (m)
4.73
Side
Width (m)
2.18
Engine
Height (m)
2.30
HP
30
14
105
33
129
[ANE'S
was the
on the
left
Italian
in the hull,
pair or
as a
meant
penetration was
in
in
breakdown
It
armor
its
47mm
underpowered.
The
mid-
both an infantry
less
TheM
tank gun.
it
as
in the
The compromise
a coaxial
right
in the turret.
made
it
also
in the desert
quality,
1942.
The
The
air cleaners to
final version
5/42,
by a
time, electrically
versions
1
powered
traverse
diesel engines,
but the
new M
M 15 entered production in
far
too
little
and too
late.
A-;v4>
column M13/40
First
14.0
15.5
Length (m)
4.92
5.04
Width (m)
2.20
2.23
Height (m)
2.37
2.39
42
42
Front
Side
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Engine
HP
25
42
125
192
32
40
Top:
Gl
Middle: An
M 13/40
on the move
130
its
JANE'S
Heavy Tank, P 40
Actually a
medium
standards, the P
rank by international
moderately effective
gun.
The hull
much
featured a
better shape
still
used
The diesel
and
on
two-man
commander/gunner.
the driver
and the
The P 40
in capabilities to the
US
less reliable
and
at
Armor (mm)
60
Weight (tonnes)
26.0
Front
Length (m)
5.75
Side
Width (m)
2.75
Engine
Height (m)
2.50
40
30
36
Armor (mm)
HP
50
420
Semoventi 47/32
This was the smallest of the assault guns, being
based on the L 6/40 light tank.
three:
It
had
medium
the
tanks, for
which 70 rounds
crew of
driver.
it
had
a total
to
The small
size
difficult target to
ancillary
radio.
the
engage but
equipment, such
left little
as a
made
room
it
for
machine gun or
in
which
8mm Breda 38
the
Length (m)
3.80
Width (m)
1.86
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Engine HP
Height (m)
1.72
Weight (tonnes)
6.7
Front
Side
14
70
131
JANE'S
^Y
Semoventi 75/18
The original version of the
this vehicle initially
mated the
tank with
howitzer.
left
and 20
-12
right,
the
75mm
a traverse
L/
of
8
1
on an open
M 13 medium
to +22. Forty-four
and
chassis
carried for
AA mount.
Here
dismounted use or
again, the vehicle
crew of 3:
chassis.
8mm (M
and twin
13.2mm (M
second
13) or a single
Armor (mm)
(mm)
Engine HP
Road Speed (km/h)
Weight (tonnes)
14.4
Front
Length (m)
4.92
Side Armor
Width (m)
2.20
Height (m)
2.37
30
25
125
32
improvements
The
8 models, but
use of a
increased
105mm
L/25 howitzer
its
role considerably.
The
and 1 8
right.
armamenr
in
vehicles suffered
earlier
M 15 chassis.
The
as the
about a dozen
First
column 75/34
Height (m)
Weight (tonnes)
15.0
15.8
Armor (mm)
Side Armor (mm)
Length (m)
5.04
5.10
Engine
Width (m)
2.23
2.40
Semoventi 105/25
132
Front
HP
1.80
1.75
42
50
42
25
192
192
40
35
JANE'S
TANKS OF WORLD
t\
WAR
Semoventi 90/53
M 14/41
tank fitted
mounted
the
and
traverse
artillery
40 each side
The
shortcomings.
only
six
the
many
the chassis.
commander,
a driver.
rounds of ammunition
(all
AP).
ammunition
vehicle based
on the L 6
by the semoventi or
L 6, with
tank
light
towed
being
13
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
17.0
Front
Length (m)
5.20
Side
Width (m)
2.20
Engine
Height (m)
2.14
HP
40
25
154
35
Semoventi 90/53
Armored Car, AB 41
The wartime armored cars used a conventional
frame structure on to which were bolted armor
plates.
Drive was to
all
compartment but
all
models had an
rear of the
8mm
crew
and
common)
a coaxial
MG,
with a
20mm autocannon
MG.
47/40
Cross-country
inefficient:
two
rear), a hull
one
in
driving
who, due
rear-
to limited visibility,
much else.
15
Width (m)
2.33
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Engine HP
Height (m)
2.40
76
Weight (tonnes)
7.4
Length (m)
5.20
Front
Side
80
133
J!
Japan
The Japanese were
were about
all
as curious
as they
cars;
and Whippet,
St.
Chiyoda
built about a
NC tank, ten
00 early-type armored
cars based
on
their
and
related
Okubo district
to design
to tank-building
the time, a
service in
medium
1929 and
tank.
deliveries
began
what was,
for
production of the tank was handed over to Sagami Arsenal, which built
some
Type 89 were
89B with
89A with
some cases,
a gasoline engine
was the
first
tank to be
at
89B and
in
89A and
8 Type
89B
Type
often chaotic.
Mediums, Type 95
Light,
but
89B and 97
output of tracked vehicles (by value) was made by Kokura Arsenal until
1943,
when
all
to Sagami.
rest
civilian
JANE'S
machine gun
in the turret,
French
tow a tracked
trailer as
vehicle or, by
could
It
an armored resupply
undertake
trailer,
scouting missions.
environment of
the campaigns in
satisfactorily.
The Type 95
light
medium
tanks.
and accommodated
a third
where he could
gun but do
larger
in the hull,
little else
accommodated a
a
crewman
large
to serve as
all
cases but
one the
secondary
The only
as the
It
from an A-
raring), although
Kameari works,
armored (although
contemporaries), but
for the
end
In 1942 the
Hino Heavy
D rating (a
returned to a
partially
really
its
was
thinly-
no worse than
low-velocity
effective
dropped
57mm
A companion heavy
and never
armor
number of
vehicles,
most
of
them
as a side-line to their
Nan man
left it
and the
the reconnaissance
new
With
Move: The
its
its
all
car.
By
and
tankette, developed
to
its
passed
as the Type
its tests
98 the
usefulness in
two
The
by Hino
a heavier
for a
make
the still-thin
fact,
made
by the
undoubtedly
cost only
its
low
price.
50,000 and
to
98,000
it
late
930s
was
AType 94
tankette
for a
for a basic
The shortcomings
more
the tankette
turret really
main
(albeit at
to
and 146,000
presumably intended
the
942.
compared
until
1938
it
combined
of the
in
94
MG and
machine-gunner. Although
useful as a
would
turret,
weapons
in a slightly
permit a coaxial
gun.
role.
tiny Type
two-man
to
very thin
combat
vulnerable to almost
utilized a
Type 97,
unsuited to
large
mount
The Type 94
improvements.
one of a
retained the
modified
is
It
a failure
hull
its
136
it
1938
years
fiscal
produced about
built in
B-4inl945.
known
three bogies.
for the
(also
and
low
Tokyo
in
Union
Type 95
light
tank
Type 97 medium.
of the Type 89
medium
JANE'S
Right: A
column
(thin armor,
Type 89s
of
in
China 1937
armament) were
readily apparent
and
as the
a better suspension,
It
retained,
machine gun
in the rear
Looking
would permit
of the turret
to the future, the
upgunning. This
later
also
gunner
Production began
as well.
to
at
in 1938.
It
Japanese
medium
to the
undertaken by
companies and
this
in
with the
in
turret
and gun
on
to the
in
and an
new 4th
(light)
still
Combat
Car,
Type 92
artillery battalion.
The tank
light
Equipment problems
a period
of
development work
modified)
44
32
200
70
56
217
284
300
246
31
80
53
115
422
89A
31
30
15
15
Medium
Tank, Type
89B
11
61
80
28
36
29
19
20
110
202
315
40
30
10
22
34
Type 95
Tank, Type 97
The
incident
made
it
Tank, Type
Medium
Medium
Light Tank,
at
1940
1936
49
Tankette, Type 97
1939
1935
42
Tankette, Type 94
1938
1934
1932
1937
1933
1931
little.
in. Little
achieved
against
Two
in
medium units, of
which three
Java and
complacency set
two of which
Manchuria with
light
German
were
the
in
continuous duty
With
the
as well as seeing
943-45, leaving
By
(actually battalions).
new
in
conquest of
role in the
China were
formed
major
Tank Regiment,
forces played a
probably
(it
Burma,
light tanks
proved simple
closely-derived successors,
it
its
clear that a
medium
Type 97
Pole-Planting Vehicle,
Type 97
Armored Railway
Car,
production
installed
in
all
new
turret,
was
1942
turret)
as
Type 95
Armored Engineer
Type SS
Vehicle,
-
40
11
seats
Pre-War Production
of
AFVs by
Fiscal Year
were provided
137
WORLD WAR
left* Sometimes small size
is
an advantage.
75mm Type 3
90
field
in
A tankette
armament
medium an
the
is
China, 1938
made
Sherman was
to
meet
the tank
in
combat
in
29 1 Type 3s
than half of
had
to
form the
basis
tanks.
to
Little
Type 2
was done
light
for easier
powerful
37mm gun,
Type 95
the Type
was
1,
it
fitted.
57mm gun
to place a
impractical as
in the
proved
as
944
it
a different tack
was
their short
them on Type 95
light
chassis.
57mm gun,
tank
these vehicles
had entered
could have
inefficient
produce
if these
two-man
but only
turret.
1 1
was
An
regard to
slightly.
a larger chassis
medium
tanks
Retooling to
was made to
try to
wring the
last bit
Although
it
it
also limited
%W:AType
138
of
97 Chi-Ha
them
maximum
Ho-Ni Self-propelled
75mm gun
in
that the
The
first
medium, which
it
wheel on each
more powerful
Type
until
the
did not
line in
the
Sagami
last
line
the
88 L/56
anti-aircraft gun.
75mm thick
vehicle,
it
With
but production
at
them
into early
committed
stand
little
to
combat,
month
945.
it
was
chance against an
clear that
medium
47mm gun,
and
taller turret
would
M4 Sherman. The
it
was designed
new, larger
to accept the
later.
at
frontal
armor
a formidable
Mitsubishi
build
with
Nanman Arsenal
to
some
75mm Type 5
Manchuria continued
used
it
installed a
medium
the 30-ton
first
filled
and
The
of light tanks.
in the field
tried,
(at
to start until
Kobe-Seiko
(at
5/month)
and two of
Type
5 Chi-Ri, with a
and
a turret
and
later
an
with
37mm gun
75mm Type 5 gun
hull-mounted
(initially) a
May
in
to defer
WAR
HE
Where
4.
at a
development of self-
The Type
impressive.
Ho-Ni
on
accomplished by mounting
97 medium
from
a tank,
first
105mm Ho-Ni II
Ho-Ni I and
line in
June
in July
effective, if vulnerable,
was
its
weapon
SP gun, Ho-Ni
entirely enclosed
by adding
plates,
for
sides
designed a
series
first
a turret
to see
and moved
different gauges.
vehicle.
in
in or out to
fit
on railway
accommodate
also served in
Burma,
as well.
developed to
to the
only 57
of unique
and featured
car.
vehicles (and
95
for
The
II
as
in the
75mm
killer
gun
used
designed as a tank
stiffen
a conversion
942. The
I,
hinged rear
tank.
family was
support to mobile
105mm Type 9
shield
it
fire
wire in
The
the conversion of 25
Type 97
initial
chassis in a
manner
1 5cm Type 38
May
first
1945.
Ho-Ni
vehicles,
and the
An
300mm SP
35
705
655
239
24
79
29
507
28
limited
turret
The
a short-barrel
new
called the
Type 2
Gun
to
427
Medium
Tank, Type
15
155
Medium
Tank, Type 3
55
89
15
16
112
70
12
Gun
Tank, Type 3
14
20
18
32
Armored Observation
Vehicle, Type
Armored Railway
Type 95
Tree-Clearing Vehicle
Wire-Laying Vehicle,
435
385
16
29
10
80
70
29
16
100
Type 97
20
-
126
-
28
Ho-K
40
15
21
55
60
50
45
10
14
40
Gun
30
Conversions
Tank, Type 2
SP
1
Car,
SPHow,
built in July
24
Carriers
26
Mortar,
300mm
Type 4
15
150mm, Type 5
503
their close
Armored Personnel
useful,
initial
1945
Medium
successors.
15
1944
but with a
The
1943
Production
Tankette, Type 97
1942
12
production ceased.
Wartime Production
of
AFVs by
Fiscal Year
139
embed
One was a
terrain.
had
large
100
artillery
Type 97
All
tankette,
were produced
in small
the
light
tank to a small
gun
in the
for tank
until
Once on
land the
latter
942. For
the
40 troops on
use of these
feature prevented
had
it
carried
the
is
was obsolete
as a tank,
120mm Type 38
howitzers.
50mm of
in
Efforts
120mm
were
also
made
to
"Ho-Ha"
half-track vehicle
diminished.
"Ho-Ki".
It
more capable
vehicle, but
produce armored
was
with their
carrier.
It
gun
slight.
units.
47mm Type
this role
The Type
could be
frontal armor.
east.
it
and
designation of Type
the
armored personnel
would seem
built
by Hino, the
and the
full-tracked
smaller. Ho-Ki,
Tankettes
These vehicles could be used
with a tracked
trailer, in
for
scouring
or,
The
armed with
12mm
to
a single
6.5mm, and
in
later
tendency
to
shed
its
tracks resulted in
its
Type 94 gun
engine was
in lieu
moved
the
37mm
to the rear,
which
The
made
resupply vehicle
equipped with
slightly.
combat
which
it
It
its
usefulness in
its
thin
turret
97 tankette were
Type 94 Tankette
140
a radio, limiting
made
of the Type
to the
The
It
This
tractor.
beach.
Ka-Chi amphibious
tables ot
rear
in the Special
939
and
in China,
to the front
vehicles.
killer
on
numbers only.
tank
tree-clearing
vehicle based
to provide bouyancy.
WAR
First
column Type
94,
Height (m)
1.62
1.79
Armor (mm)
Side Armor (mm)
12
12
10
10
HP
35
65
40
40
Front
3.2
4.2
Length (m)
3.08
3.70
Engine
Width (m)
1.62
1.90
JANE'S
TANKS OF WORLD
WAR
and the
attempt
first
the cavalry.
It
to enter production
later vehicles)
7.7mm weapon in
and
in the hull
in
fast
the suspension
for high-speed
The
weak.
one-man
turret
As
the
combat
car
saw very
little
a result,
3.2
Weight (ton)
An
early
MG
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
Length (m)
3.94
Side
Width (m)
1.63
Engine
Height (m)
1.87
45
HP
40
the hull
in
Light Tanks
The little Type 95
light
clue to
complexity, which
its
made
it
suitable for
and
and
machine gunner/mechanic
commander/gunner/loader
in the
in the
small turret.
or Type 98
had
lines. It
gun
machine gun
and
7.7mm
along with
The
major improvement
turret
with
a coaxial
in
using a
larger,
machine gun,
two-man,
in turn
layout,
had
its
in large
thin
armor
on
to the
to soldier
First
column Type
light
MG
show
Armor (mm)
Side Armor (mm)
Front
6.7
6.2
Length (m)
4.30
4.11
Engine
Width (m)
2.07
2.12
Weight
Type 95
Height (m)
95,
Second columnType 98
(ton)
HP
2.28
1.82
12
16
12
16
120
130
40
50
141
JANE'S
TANKS OF
WORLD WAR
the
in
first
two main
built simultaneously
Type 89 A with
versions, the
89B with
a diesel.
with
armor and
a low-velocity
however,
57mm gun.
could
it
still
A Type 89 medium
Shanghai 1937
in
Type 97 Medium
The Type 97 was configured with
crew
in the hull
and was
irregularly shaped,
with the
Engine
Height (m)
2.56
HP
17
118
25
(Chi-Ha)
in the hull
plate.
V-l 2 air-cooled
diesel
The
of riveted
fighting
compartment was
The Type 97
role.
2.18
17
57mm low-
rear.
was
Width (m)
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
transmission.
Side
The
Front
5.75
left
11.8
Length (m)
two-man
in the turret.
velocity Type 90
Weight (ton)
useful
support
HE round
Allied soldier
142
in
Weight (ton)
14.3
Length (m)
5.55
Width (m)
2.33
Height (m)
2.23
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Engine HP
Road Speed (km/h)
Front
Side
25
25
170
38
WORLD WAR
JL
Type 97 Improved
(Shinhoto Chi-Ha)
&Type 1 Medium
(Chi-He)
a^p&ZE**-
47mm Type
rear-facing turret
The
the crew.
ground
gun.
It
now mounted a
to
tracks were
pressure.
looked
armor on the
turret
and
hull
and
also replaced
by
more
7.7mm
service use in
until 1943,
for
Type 97 Imp
Type
Length (m)
5.55
5.73
Armor (mm)
Side Armor (mm)
Width (m)
2.33
2.33
Engine
Height (m)
2.38
2.38
Weight
was
(ton)
14.8
15.2
50
25
25
25
HP
170
240
38
44
Front
medium once
chassis of the
Type 97,
as
thicker
Type
medium.
room
for a full
significantly, the
finally replaced
underpowered
gun. To accomplish
sacrifice
that,
75mm Type 90
they had to
for
its
Sherman on even
terms, but
would have
Length (m)
5.73
Width (m)
2.33
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Engine HP
Height (m)
2.61
Weight
(ton)
18
Front
Side
50
25
240
39
143
WORLD WAR
(Ka-Mi)
it
light.
and
rear for
large floats
were attached
swimming. Once on
and
water was by
means of two
was
position.
gun
in the hull
as
install
the floats.
Weight
(ton)
Length (m)
Type 2 Amphibious Tank with floats removed but
intake extension
still
mounted on
Front
Side
Width (m)
2.80
Engine
Height (m)
2.30
floats.
(less
placed the
12
115
37
(Ho-nj)
a shield
chassis
HP
12
Note
rear deck.
air
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
9.15/12.5
4.80/7.50
less
on the
the hull
a traverse
of 10
5
early
It
was similar
in configuration to the
artillery
weapon
(with range
drums calibrated
to
The Ho-Ni
II
subsriruted the
05mm Type 91
as well as the
open
The Ho-Ni
in close-
carried
II
54
20
rounds.
Ml
Weight
Ho
144
Ni
SP 75mm gun
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
14.7
Front
50
Length (m)
5.55
Side
25
Width (m)
2.33
Engine
Height (m)
2.39
(ton)
HP
170
38
JANE'S
TANKS OF WORLD
WAR
4 (Ho-ro)
it
mounted an
5cm Type 38
on
in
howitzer, for
the
which 28
driver,
crew.
one the
-10
to +20.
The maximum
range
is
and
meters only.
fitted.
Weight
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
15.5
Front
Length (m)
5.52
Side
Width (m)
2.33
Engine
Height (m)
2.36
(ton)
HP
25
20
170
38
to
Ho-Ha was a
have borrowed
little
is
suggestive of the
German
Japan received
carried a crew of 2
half-tracks,
of which
7,7mm machine
were seated
down
the
compartment
common with
the
the
against the
German
half-tracks,
relying
for mobility.
ssgrr*
Weight
Type
(ton)
7.0
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
Length (m)
6.10
Side
Width (m)
2.10
Engine
Height (m)
2.00
HP
6
1
134
50
Carrier
145
Poland
The
Polish
By July 1939
FTs
in Polish service,
battalion.
in the
there were
still
102
trains
1921-22
fighting, but
all
clear
and
delivered whole
service
after trials
Vickers
Of the 50,
38 were
components
for local
license.
Poland purchased 50
as
assembly that never came about. All 38 were the twin-turret version with a
7.92mm wz.25
Hotchkiss
accomplished in 1934.
The
(47mm) guns
37mm L/21
newer wz.30)
tank. In
made improvements
March 1935
deliveries
the
to the design
order, for
first
later
first
7.92mm MGs
(albeit the
in 1937.
The original
engineers
to convert twin-turret
and launched
it
as the
Polish
7TP light
by the PZInz
Due to delays in
factory. All
subsequent orders
and about
straight
7TP
had been
floor into
with one
00
test vehicle,
little else
vehicles.
formed
The
first
in February
batch of 49 arrived in
a tank battalion.
The German
1939
May and
invasion
Another purchase from Vickers was a Vickers Carden Loyd machine gun
carrier in
carrier.
was
attractive, the
implementation was
criticized. After a
few
called
that differed
weapons
failed attempts at
theTK-3
as a
prototype
in the provision of a
JANE'S
raised
armored compartment
was accepted
for service as
vehicles
to the
life
last
had
also
that
this unit
retrofit
was
their
cars
major
were
improved
half-
cars.
Military
built
mounts
The octagonal
car.
The
prototype of the
also built in
938
1
trials
939.
for
also
and
at
weapons, one of
third
about 75 to allow
by
a turret for a
turret
featured a
invasion.
on the
for a half-track,
German
medium
the
(CWS) and
the
CWS in Warsaw.
08
by the
all
To complement
rear
also
1
in the
armored
mounted
role in the
conversion to armored
immediately rebuilt
be
and
were
vehicles
facilities to
tests
German invasion.
had played
Armored
1 1
to convert the
trials
tracks.
was decided
928
as a small
it
prototype ran in
a result
armored
it
and
detail changes.
of the rubber
As
Designated
in
improved TKS.
until
short
939
this
anti-aircraft fire,
although
as ineffective.
Tankette, TK/TKS
TheTK followed the concept of the Carden-Loyd carrier on which
based, a
it
was
his
right.
pintle-mounted
The
later
7.92mm
TKS model
machine
gun, a slightly more powerful engine (42-hp Fiat replacing the 40-hp
Ford),
armor plate
a little thicker (1
vehicles, the
TK/TKS were
and
and employed
as
German
Weight (tonnes)
TKS
148
tankette (PMK)
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
10
2.56
Side
n/a
Width (m)
1.76
Engine
Height (m)
1.33
Length (m)
2.6
HP
42
40
JANE'S
Light Tank
7TP
more powerful
ciiesel
7.92mm wz.30
water-
cooled
MG.
There
and one
additional stowage.
two-man
would soon be
1
939
it
the
turret, the
a radio
would meet
in
that
to
it
combat.
Weight (tonnes)
7TP
Light Tank
9.9
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
Length (m)
4.56
Side
Width (m)
2.43
Engine
Height (m)
2.30
HP
17
n/a
110
37
from an
earlier half-track
armored
narrow, fitting
in the front
him.
its
the driver
The small
turret
for
accommodated
the shorr
fleet.
The
7.92mm wz.25
slightly in
components. The
of the worst
in
the
2.
armored
it
was an
drive provided
the
wooden
little
cross-country performance,
floor provided
no protection
and
it
carried
no
radio.
Weight (tonnes)
The
little
2.2
Front
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Length (m)
3.62
Side
Width (m)
1.95
Engine
Height (m)
2.22
HP
8
n/a
23
55
149
Union
Soviet
chassis as
cars
to build the
FT light
known
mid- 1 927,
alternatively as the T-
A modernized
8 and
MS-
of the
was accepted
928-32
modest
this
470
Within
light tanks
in
1932 was
to total
no
less
than 540
tanks.
Pre-War Tanks
Lacking an acceptable indigenous design, the Soviets turned
to imports. In
1930 they purchased from Britain eight Vickers Garden Loyd Model 1931
amphibious
two Christie
fast
The Mk VI
as
theT-27
T-27A.
Model E medium
at
Initial
in
Mk II
US by subterfuge.
Zavod 37
tanks, fifteen
Moscow, and
and placed
in
production
maneuvers and
efforts
in
a turreted vehicle.
little
production begun
August
933
as the
T-37 and
as
reconnaissance
were
fitted
with
The
result
was theT-38, lower and wider than the T-37 yielding better
still
Production ceased in 1938, but started again in 1939 with the improved
the
power
train
GAZ-M1 An even
.
TANKS OF WORLD
JANE'S
some
number used
and
to develop
the
layer version.
93 1 (known
as the
version, the
gun with
tanks proved
turret
Army and
in
OKiVIO, was
up
in
the
known
Leningrad to make
Red
1934/35
1
26, the
first
version, the
Known as
Model 1931,
the T-
also
of early Model
batches of the
Model 1933
also
The
and
added two
turret
the turret.
improved
turret
little
armor
power
train.
Ml 933)
only
a slightly
in the
The
final
but
The Soviets
in
shock catised
the
26
to
on the
T-26 Model
M1931)andOT-130/131/132/133/134(based
mid- 1930s.
the
45mm
as
detail
a coaxial
in the
The
radios.
built in
152
weak armament
a radio for
the small
known as
165, or about
12%.
The efforts
WAR
fast
number were
OT-34 was
built,
but
the
production license.
and
chassis
of two iVIodel
The
with a
JANE'S
to
complement
The
other components, and the tank was placed in
production
as the
BT-2
light tank.
The
DT
machine guns
in the
one-man
By
conventional.
made
powerful
rwo-man
turret
a coaxial
to
mount
Nomonhan
in
more
rendered
The
to
be quite vulnerable to
Their
to
Kazan
(several
as part
of which
of a secret
\:
all,
vulnerable to
it
but
Even
the
in light
of
a continual
proved unreliable in
it
program of
fixes failed to
all
its
Light Tanks
acceptance
thin
tank for
to the tank,
ongoing
was
also
some 600
reliability
in
difficult to
It
was
automotive components,
this
were
such
in late
938,
a special
team
set
out
develop an
to
this
they were
T-40
battlefield,
under development.
April 1933.
light tanks
production of
train.
engineers.
armor had
AYO-5
regard to
and
a result
now
A fearsome
failed to eliminate
as
German
USSR. As
service
in
to
larger tank
official
later.
BT series were
was chosen
at
armament proved
in
A new
latter
first
the
as
this
The
the
known
933.
to the
1932 gun.
was designed
tank
medium
7.62mm
work on
initial
turret
Wk
in July
better
amphibious
capabilities.
for service in
December
of
by
to
August 1940
by October. By
with
and
being
153
WORLD WAR
1931
1934
1933
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
the
Tankettes
T-27
393
1,693
1,242
T-37 basic
125
rendered unit
161
429
209
34
41
1,046
17
112
165
T-38 basic
problem began
turret
100
950
575
616
511
at Factory
essentially a beefed-up
turret.
By
this time,
become apparent.
-
477
553
No.38
T-70 with
96
457
735
826
550
716
336
T-26 flame
115
430
10
290
103
T-26 bridge
55
80 showed up,
to
20
approach a
Soviets
Fast Tanks
396
BT-2
224
761
860
20
243
BT-7 basic
260
345
406
720
865
240
699
222
378
478
BT-7A
149
BT-7M
T-28
41
50
32
101
T-35
10
15
medium
in the
it
had
autumn of 1 943,
producing other
76
light tank
battlefield,
the
industrial assets
8T-5 basic
make a
In order to
44
two-man
1942 and
in
957
effective
the tank
this
Light Tanks
T-26 twin
677
T-37 flamethrower
target
which made
retained
it
946
one-man
assault gun,
chassis.
SU-
built before
stopped.
4
39
96
131
10
11
Heavy Tanks
Medium Tanks
In
October 1937
a design
team
at Factory
183
Armored Cars
-
FAI
676
BA-20
BA-6
BA-10
n/a
n/a
n/a
301
335
n/a
489
904
n/a
wheel-track tanks, to be
the
on
known
a track-only variant
as the
also
known as
A-20. At
began work
the A-32. In
Both tanks
trials.
fact,
it
the A-32
thicker armor.
production.
later
The Russian
in
(as
they were
The
resultant vehicle
34 and the
later.
first
was decided
was the A-
had been
to
T-60,
it
seemed
eliminate
swimming
"free".
hull, thin
With
features
the
on the
tank to
it
it
armament and
test.
On 30
now known as
thinly
armed.
The
was given
to Factory
goal was to
No.38
come up with
in late
German
it
45mm
against
panic
among
leadership.
production
to build
for service in
March
942.
in fact,
completed
it
On 5 June
Committee passed
was never,
German
a vehicle with
testing
94 1 The
the
passed a 2,000-km
still
it
March 1940
built,
country, was
provided
in
They had
it
start
and
military
a resolution
demanding
600 tanks
that year,
00.
JANE'S
was not plain
All
The organization
in early
940
Committee
however.
called for a
tables
promulgated
mix of KV heavy
tanks,
BT light
important
as the
new T-34.
requirement.
and subjected
performed
to testing as
well.
theT-50, where
940
plants
the
to continue at the
subcontracts
to fabricate, the
83
built only
none
at
1 1
T-34s
in
diesel,
it
was
to
provide
Kharkov on
V-2
diesel
the
STZ
its first
attack,
last
Kharkov-built
and
In the
months
significant
so,
in late
it
to build
was evacuated
1941, where
to
built 14 more.
it
was
finally cancelled.
TheT-50 was
size
a capable tank,
Model V-4
the
difficult to
first rail
left
it
the Urals in
mass production. In
managed
main production
two
Omsk in August
diesel
difficult for
940 and
German
V-2
its
start
Krasnoye
but in
facility,
all.
Thtee days
On
it
built only
that exact
to develop a
compromise resolution on
least as
939
issued a
50.
tanks.
meant
94 1
STZ
producer of T-34s.
would win
now
the T-34
the Soviet
Union
942
that
production, and
it
delivered
surprisingly quickly,
its first
tank
on 22 August. In July
and
was ordered
to
line in
1940
1941
1942
1944
1943
1945^
Light Tanks
-
T-26
1,549
BT-7
706
T-40
41
638
T-50
48
15
1,385
4,660
T-60
-
T-70
4,913
level
well-shaped
its
hull. Reliability
being largely
rectified.
problems were
The one
area in
which
3,483
Medium Tanks
was
15,820
maneuverability and a
of protection for
4,100
10,615
21,108
its
main armament.
T34/76
117
3,020
12,527
T-34/85
13
ballistics to the
1,860
585
621
In
weak by
May
1943
early
1943 the
141
KV-1
1,258
KV-1S
102
100
KV-8
102
35
KV-85
148
67
40
35
2,210
1,150
1,908
7,155
3,552
760
1,899
IS-2
built,
85mm AA gun.
there were
reach fruition.
KV-2
IS-1
943
In fact, by mid-
An
initial
26
85mm gun
SU-85
SU-100
25
611
SU-122
SU-152
704
men,
ISU-122/152
35
to the
as the T-34/85.
Self-Propelled Guns
SU-76
to
is
2,510
1,530
so that a
for three
January-September
in.
1,835
detail
changes
& SP
Artillery
which
The
155
JANE'S
excellent mobility.
if any
/jt
P2WI
\_
Heavy Tanks
when
transmissions failed. In
in larger
feet,
theT-34 was
Above: A T-34/76
of the
st
Ukranian Front
in
July
944
OKiVIO
turret
45
on
a thick
column
mm gun. Simultaneously,
SMK,
own initiative.
In the
autumn of 939
The
both twin-turret
the three
156
main
invasion. In
turret carried a
The
designs with a
mounting
produced
,.
replaced
Tank Brigade
Finland
The
to the
trials
20th Heavy
combat
evaluation.
JANE'S
which
the KV-85,
WAR
TANKS OF WORLD
of the IS-
Tiger tanks
tank with
when
armor steel.
initial
May 940
1
number was
that
even though
operational testing.
200
The
were
tests
finally
However,
in the transmission.
started
continued.
the standards of
940 and
KV
94 1 the
mediocre performer by
late
all
stressed
number of bridges
it
train.
huge
in a
IS-
answer
in
an IS-2 was
fact,
AP and
HE rounds.
the
medium
13, a 3
howitzer
shape.
turret.
KV continued right up to
to the
KV-1 due
Development continued
February
in
When
KV-
its
better
and
starts
to
demand
in April
the
German
a halt,
model mounted
The selected
the
on the Komsomolets
its
shield
on
and adding
two
tests against a
yet
by the
in July
KV did prove
gun used
AA
88mm
German
vulnerable to the
in the
range.
on
armor
plates
of 25-35mm thickness
extended to other
being
known
94 1 and
KV split
beginning to
concept of a
from
production.
IS-
which made
hull developed
added
In
the
122mm A- 19
field
gun on
The
the
first
could justify
its
KV to improve its
add
a larger
gun
that
resulted in the
to
than the
KV- 1
as a result
of
and
new
turret.
after
only about a
proved
result
a successful
00 had been
built.
1944
The
IS-2
its
partially solved
by redesigning the
glacis plate,
was
also
worn
tractors
had
to
be collected
German
end,
tank of
on
firing.
and
tractor
Komsomolets
production, so
mounting the
KV-le models.
as
was
this
to
was the
additional
was amended
.6).
live-fire
ZIS-30
On
in Soviet service.
and
were
German
F-34 gun
fits
similar to the
of creating a
killers,
brought development to
established in
mandate
Design of tank
the Experimental
Guns
production
Assault
the
until
Evolution of the
as the
mid-
KV-2 was
152mm short-barrel
developed, with a
KV-85
line in
KV-lS and
of a
For
the
943
KV-1S and
tank combat. In
began
September 1943.
and the
time.
By that
the
until the
finally
By
movement
The KV-85
Spring of 1 943.
undertaken in
mostly
increased to
prevented significant
it
its
in trials in early
proved incapable of
hand
at
it
and
this
lengthened
built
the
it,
fitting
of
Improvements
yielded
to the
automotive components
improvements by the
compartment, yielded
the
157
JANE'S
installed in the
to yield the
the
SU-85M.
Finally, the
in
Autumn and
installing the
D- 10.
larger
began
problems with
in the
for a
to reassert itself.
weapon based on
Development of such
KV-1S heavy
943
it
was accepted
Chelyabinsk.
in service.
in
for service as
March at
It's 1
could
it
German
rank, although
chances of getting a
its
marginal.
In fact, the vehicle proved so useful that
the
when
in
30
in Kirov
GAZ,
and Factory 40
In addition, captured
chassis
turret
assault
but also
for
in Mytishchi.
with an
made
ability to destroy
gun was
placed. This
Factor}'
Number 37 built
20 more
as
was known
8
SU-76L
as the
assault
guns plus
long-range radio.
until early
in
combat
for training.
22. In April
the
German
was
that
Germans were
any
to
December
develop a
instead a
chassis,
the
00mm D-
trials in
demand
particular, the
its
ammunition
BR-412B armor-
was too
production so
as
was thus
in the vehicle,
The ISU-
mounted a
an excellent tank
was
SU-122, which
ISU-122 made
in the infantry
although
support
its
main use
role.
Armored Cars
Given the
armored
civil
cars
late to restart
not
war and
its
aftermath. As
The
by the
first
availability
cars
was determined
of commercial
suitable chassis
chassis.
The
Izhorskiy
By
SU-85
an expedient the
it is
proved popular,
largely
it
It
development of armored
that time
ML-20.
was not. In
August 1 944
Baltic Front in
surprising that
was
in the
started in
new weapon,
122mm A- 19 corps
new
simple matter to
combat
Nevertheless,
plate,
first
produce the
Factory
at
was adequate.
the ISU-152,
summer of 1 943.
85mm D-5
turret of the
MS-1
became known
as the
BA-27.
came with
920s: the
Model
of Ford vehicles
Model A
AA
.5- ton
in the late
latter also
GAZ-
to the
this
the
45mm gun.
at the Izhorskiy
and
local
its
1930 provided
production as the
sound
D-12 were
rwo man
small
the
turretless vehicles
numbers
in the early
armed with
is
detail
almost indistinguishable
fact,
BA-6M
to
7.62mm
in
The
hp, while
300
A total or
became
available in the
form of the
64 proved
common with
Landsverk L-180
series) the
the BA-20,
and
The
light
significantly better
armored
car.
ratio
of the vehicles,
On
was
role.
result
war
early
mount a variant of
unit.
critical for
improved
in a
portion
the reconnaissance
its
armament
for the
GAZ-M
maximum armor of
1941
after
BA-64Bs
followed by 5,206
agile, reliable
and popular.
GAZ-
built,
form of the
chassis.
remained
were
in the
in cross-
from the
September 1943.
when
in
improvement was
area of
64 "jeep"
top-heavy, although
engine was
The major
this
less
to
crew size
in
They were
absence of a radio
heavy armored
built in small
930s.
improvements and
first
The price
a reduction in
armor.
was
the use of a
GAZ-A in
built
step.
Model 1933
BA-6
was an interim
its
WORLD WAR
in
second-generation armored
in July
car,
form of Lend-Lease
shipping close to
400,000 such
942.
earlier
The
BA-20,
thicker, better-sloped
10,000 2.5-ton
The
the
under
and the
went into
hull
US
vehicles,
tanks,
the BA-64,
made by the
built.
began development
Lend Lease
first
service in
With
its
poor performance
in
snow,
it
was not
popular
''1
4x2
drive.
The
three
and
first
a coaxial
built in
a turret
with a
37mm gun
an armored compartment
surmounted by
at the rear,
in
1941
159
JANE'S
Protocol Period
Oct 41
Jun 43
WAR
TANKS OF WORLD
Jul 43
-Jun 44
to operate.
The
mainly for
its
Shipped
Lost At Sea
Arrived
Shipped
Lost At Sea
Arrived
20
20
III
113
113
915
221
694
The
mostly
CS
II
III
156
31
125
161
25
136
135
135
211
211
106
520
71
449
113
121
1213
170
1043
175
10
165
201
201
635
18
617
carriage with
roles,
lor
74
66
45
19
26
24
127
105
Light Tank,
M3A1
Light Tank,
M5
25
25
Light Tank,
M24
III
151
105
Bridgelayer, Valentine
to
duties
in Soviet service.
faster,
was
preferred. In
in
producrion
after
1943
In
June 1944
a ddition,
Britain
is
16
carriers.
inirial
in early 1943.
An
US
provided starring in
May
no subsequent
Interestingly,
issued
deliveries.
Army rarely
ammunition
to the
and
provided
% similar T-
Medium
Tank,
M4A2 (75mm)
2,007
Medium
Tank,
M4A2 (76mm)
2,095
M26
1,000
Tank Destroyer,
M10
Tank Destroyer,
M18
snow,
as
,755
M3A1
light tanks,
52
5
342
Half-Track,
M3
Half-Track,
M5
421
Half-Track,
M9
413
650
M2
permitting, as a scout.
and 1,355
100
MGCM17
Carrier, T-1
began
1,386
MGCM15A1
US shipments
M3A3
US
and
to sink in
as a result
1.676
AA vehicles available
M3A1 scout car was used
Tank,
Half-Track
96
3,340
LVT
Recovery Vehicle,
Figures include -143
M32
M3A1
115
light tanks,
deliveries
88,000 HVAP.
mount,
.50cal
Medium
Heavy Tank,
machine
quad
occasion.
Canadian production
Tank Shipments
its
while the
role,
British
command
in the
mainly
II
was
motor gun
106
and simple
234
reliable
in
With
417 medium
tanks,
M3 mediums were
JANE'S
TANKS OF WORLD
WAR
mounting a
single
GAZ-AA truck,
maintenance and
logistics.
TheT-38iY12
movement
in the water at
about 6
GAZ-M1
provided
km/h.
simplifying
Platoon and
fitted
with
and
their
ineffectual in
still
as
were
in
3.2
Weight (tonnes)
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
Length (m)
3.75
Side
Width (m)
2.10
Engine
Height (m)
1.82
HP
40
35
a parade
armor and
thicker
much better-shaped
to a
hull.
12.7mm
chatacteristics
there than
its
power
theT-40S.
train
The chassis,
non-amphibious T-60
thicker
and
suspension and
it
light tank.
Armor was
20mm TNSh-
a coaxial
7.62mm DT.
to
GAZ-M. Although
in
most
1.95
1.74
Armor (mm)
Side Armor (mm)
14
33
25
HP
85
76
44
44
Height (m)
column T-40,
vehicles, the
Front
6.4
Length (m)
4.11
4.10
Engine
Width (m)
2.33
2.30
Weight (tonnes)
161
WORLD WAR
a small
remedy shortcomings
was
in the T-60. It
a coaxial
7.62mm DT.
(later
It
was
more
the
As
consequence, the
to the
it
was
built in
large
man
turret restricted
It
was succeeded
which featured
in
its
operational usefulness.
production by theT-80,
two-man
turret,
strengthened
By this
built,
First
column T-70,
Height (m)
10.0
11.6
Side Armor
Length (m)
4.42
4.42
Engine
Width (m)
2.47
2.50
Front
Armor (mm)
(mm)
HP
2.03
2.18
60
60
45
35
140
170
45
47
fitted
turrets
small and
mounted each
position.
Each carried
DT machine gun.
December 1 938
retrofit the
T-28
fleet
were
In
to
76mm L-
experiences
to be a decided
increase frontal
to
turret
to the
this
162
proved unreliable in
service.
in
the
Weight (tonnes)
27.8
Front
Length (m)
7.44
Side
Width (m)
2.81
Engine
Height (m)
2.82
but
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
HP
30
20
500
45
JANE'S
All
large springs
suspension, but with torsion bars in lieu of the
that featured so prominent!)'
number of subvariants.
featured a welded
turret that
The
the loader.
two-man
(caliber
In the
hinged to fold
command
In
his
76mm gun.
DT
to the
Model
and
summer of 1943
in the
all
TheT-34/85
of the
earlier
in
1943.
as the
gunner.
D5-T on
the
first
in later versions
First
26.5
32.0
Length (m)
6.68
8.15
Width (m)
3.00
3.00
Height (m)
2.45
2.60
Armor (mm)
Side Armor (mm)
52
90
52
HP
500
75
500
53
55
Front
Engine
941
at
at
speed
in
in
1942
1
942
in
1978
163
Christie
US wheel/crack
the
turret, usually
coaxial
to yield the
5/7
turret
series
and
was
fast
main production
relatively
armament. The
and possessed
ability to
By the time
for
greatest test in
powerful
with a two
fitted
was undertaken
man
new one-man
man
BT
Fast Tank
The original BT-2 was
WORLD WAR
94 1
it
939
it
fighting
was called on
First
column BT-5,
Height (m)
11.9
13.8
Armor (mm)
Side Armor (mm)
Length (m)
5.80
5.66
Engine
Width (m)
2.23
2.23
Front
HP
2.24
2.42
15
20
10
15
365
450
53
50
Model 1931
with
7.62mm
left turret.
turret
in
second
The
As a
two-man
turret
crew was
was not
popular with
its
crews. Nevertheless,
good gun
its
for
equal of the
It
Army in June
T-26 Model 33
had
Russia in 1941.
in the Soviet
Weight (tonnes)
1941.
light infantry
it
tank
9.4
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
15
Length (m)
4.62
Side
15
Width (m)
2.44
Engine
Height (m)
2.24
HP
90
35
JANE'S
sported no
less
central turret
as
than
was identical
The main
five turrets.
to that
MG turrets at the
of theT-28,
left
right rear.
front
and
carried a
main
turret
and two
45mm turret.
in each
would seem
it
76mm gun.
939
it
was
clear their
By
for a
end
it
was
they
first
saw combat
abandoned
after
in
their
made
mechanical
&&'
;*
breaking down.
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
30
Weight (tonnes)
50.0
Front
Length (m)
9.72
Side
Width (m)
3.20
Engine
Height (m)
3.43
30
Weight (tonnes)
46.1
Front
9.83
Armor (mm)
(mm)
160
Length (m)
Side Armor
Width (m)
3.07
Engine
Height (m)
2.74
HP
30
500
Heavy Tank IS
The
initial
D-5T gun,
85mm
still
proved
to a design with
consisted of the
a coaxial
the turret
rear.
mounted on
May
hull front,
Armament
1944.
the
commander's cupola
starting in
slowed the
rate
IS-il
HP
110
600
37
heavy tank
165
JANE'S
Heavy Tank KV
KV (later KV-
The
The
archaic T-35.
1 )
initial
medium-velocity L-l
guns, one facing
three-man
as the
commander
do loader
to
crewman was a
it is
duties
gunner, A
DT was placed in a ball mount in the hull front, where
as the
it
to the
rear, in a
commander doubled
rear
model KV- 1
940 replaced
the
the
new cast
gun
in a
was
fitted to
to the
and used
940. In July
the F-34
Applique armor
version of the
1
ATO-4
starting in late
KV- 1 E. A flame-thrower
the KV-8, in
MG,
which an
and
fitted
152mm M- 10 Model
ammunition
was the
available
propellant charge.
It
fortifications
built in large
a redesigned
numbers.
It
also received a
new
turret
76mm gun.
The KV-85
the
KV- IS
85mm
First
for
ammunition.
column KV-1,
KV-1S
Weight (tonnes)
47.5
52.0
Length (m)
6.90
6.95
6.90
Width (m)
3.32
3.32
3.35
Height (m)
2.71
3.25
2.64
75
110
75
75
75
75
600
600
600
Armor (mm)
Side Armor (mm)
Front
Engine
HP
166
42.5
35
35
43
Bottomilhe massive
turret
it
Gun SU-76
Assault
There were
SU-76,
all
factory designation
also
known by its
engines,
one each
enclosed
armor
gun.
at the rear
mounting
the
76mm ZIS-3Sh
unreliable
and
after
switched to the
clutches
350
vehicles production
SU-76M
was
with improved
From
compartment
to save
numerous
variant.
and
train.
the
most
Above: SU-76 assault gun
easy to produce
terrain. It
although
as
its
light
armor made
it
(left),
Loader (center),
Commander
(right)
it
proved
role,
very vulnerable
Weight (tonnes)
11.2
Front
Length (m)
5.00
Side
Width (m)
2.74
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Engine HP
Height (m)
2.20
35
16
140
44
an anti-tank weapon.
167
^
9L
IAN
E'S
fitted the
which was
commander at
at the rear to
It
ammunition.
howitzer.
of
left,
Fort)'
was replaced
in
production by the
at the
it
^^^ia''n'flBBii
larger hull
-ii'r'
machine gun.
First
column SU-85,
Height (m)
Front
29.2
30.9
Side
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Length (m)
8.15
6.95
Engine
Width (m)
3.00
3.00
HP
2.45
2.32
45
45
45
45
500
500
55
55
&
WORLD WAR
to
mount
the
It
was
similar,
slightly
gun and
roomier
accommodate
the larger
the tank
moved towards
to
to the
The hull
it.
It
gun armament. The SU-l 00 was quite noseheavy due to the large gun and the limited
rank
with
killer,
it
a tactical
protection.
its
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
45
Weight (tonnes)
31.6
Front
Length (m)
9.45
Side
Width (m)
3.00
Engine
Height (m)
2.25
48
Weight (tonnes)
45.5
Front
8.95
Side
Width (m)
3.25
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Engine HP
60
Length (m)
600
Height (m)
2.45
43
HP
45
500
Gun SU-1 52
Assault
S heavy tank.
common
fire
and
although the
usage.
The gun
Both AP and
about
carried.
initially fitted,
but
52, with
its
massive
It
as
of the projectiles
made accuracy
role.
less
than
60
169
^^
JAN
IIS
oftheIS-l tank.
SU- 52 moved
1
The
slightly taller
to the chassis
compartment was
fighting
The armor
trunnion mountings.
due
the same.
maximum
to higher
122mm A- 19 gun
152mm weapon. TheA-19 was modified
for the
.5 to
of the A- 19 the
in lieu
rate
this
was
fitted
for a
2.7mm
column ISU-122,
Height (m)
killer as well.
ISU-122
Weight (tonnes)
45.5
2.48
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
2.48
Front
90
90
46.0
Side
90
90
600
600
37
37
HP
Length (m)
9.85
9.18
Engine
Width (m)
3.07
3.07
GAZ-Ml
vehicle
car/pickup chassis.
had
The normal
machine gun.
it.
atmored body on a
thin armor, poor
limited
fast
its
on the
vehicles,
than an
and
its
drive
to
it
was
available in large
a radio
improving
reconnaissance
more
roads, reliable
stowage and
little
crewman
usefulness.
numbers. The
7.62mm DT
latter in a small
with a ball-mount
in all
role.
Weight (tonnes)
Radio-equipped BA-20s
170
in
the
2.5
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
Length (m)
4.31
Side
Width (m)
1.75
Engine
Height (m)
2.13
HP
6
6
50
85
JANE'S
in the
which
smaller,
increased
its
it
Crew size,
armament,
mounted
The only
to the floor
and the
a small
The
BA-64B was
similar,
improved cross-country
improvements. As a
field
expedient small
removed
their turrets
BA-64B
fleet
were
fitted
with
Weight (tonnes)
RP
71-TK models
A BA-64
of the Polish
Army
in
2.4
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
Length (m)
3.67
Side
Width (m)
1.52
Engine
Height (m)
1.88
HP
12
12
50
80
the East
BA-6M and
and
hull
gunner
the
for
carried.
DT machine gun
coaxial with the main gun and a second DT in
Secondary armament was
its
pairs,
The BA-IOM
Weight (tonnes)
A BA-10 advancing
in
5.1
Front
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Length (m)
4.66
Side
Width (m)
2.07
Engine
Height (m)
2.21
HP
10
10
52
53
fitted
171
* r
^'
Sweden
The success of tanks
notice
and
in the
in the First
summer of 920
1
back to Sweden
a delegation visited
SEK
Swedish
service.
purchased in 1928
Germany
as the
fm/22
rank, the
as the
it
proved disappointing in
trials.
fm/21-29,
for
spares.
began clandestine
capacity.
efforts to
Germany
Of particular note,
foreign intermediaries.
treaty,
the firm of
Dutch subsidiary,
no previous experience
in
work is
armored
unclear, but by
vehicles
1930
a firm
with
had
known
as the
mounted a
as the L-l 0.
Both
1,
which became the m/31. Although advanced, the L-30 suffered from the
complexity that plagued similar designs around the world and was not
proceeded with. The L-l 0, on the other hand, was further developed into
a series
By
it
five
was becoming
hardly sufficient.
The
tank strength
tanks were
initially
the Svea Livgarde infantry regiment and from 1928 under the
Livgardes.
into
support of each.
ir
was
felt
under
Gota
JANE'S
On
1 1
Sweden of the
delivered to the
led to
from consideration,
their attention to
CKD
from
Swedish standards
vehicle.
With
Army in
as the
full
In fact,
as
the
a
SEK2
command and
and the
to disband
one
the Sodermans
for only
split the
October 1939
reserve vehicles).
in
made
and on
in tanks.
known
contract, these
as the in/39.
According
to the
battalion
with Volvo
command and
meant
an m/38
(HQand
two
Company. The
it
objective, presumably,
fitted
to give
The
need for
in
expense of the
The outbreak oi
strings
Gota
at the
was
When
most numerous
in
although
in
Above: hn m/37
to
ofCzechosIovakia.
company made
their
174
By
this
show
94 1
its
age.
The two-man
armor rendered
it
turret
and thin
unsuitable as a main
Swedes turned
war
industries
to
combat
CKD.
were starting
to
this
CKD.
Nevertheless,
TNH
939
for
JANE'S
however, the Germans had second thoughts and
initially
Germany permitted
prototype
mild
in
steel
was delivered
in
June
known
as the Lago,
00 was placed
Temporarily
about-face, the
left in
November 1940
Landsverk. In
modified again,
transmission,
German
January
this
a contract was
00 more L-60s,
autumn of 1 94 1
a contract
16TNH
however,
a 10-ton tank
it
was
atmed with
of
recommended
had been
by
An
to create
additional
armored
first
time)
medium
m/4l
were to
S-II,
as assault guns).
942
for
and
m/42
m/42s). By
The
as the
an additional 80
armored brigades on
cavalry)
would
1 s
tanks
m/4
formed the
Karlstads
to tank units
1942
all
license-built
60 were
now full)'
(to
last
in
in
Volvo.
requirement.
known as
Below: An m/38
November 1 94 and
The decision
to
in
1941.
this effort,
design,
&
in early
tanks)
this
and
a heavy
company
8 light
( 1
relegated to a special
company on Gotland,
production
as
it
after testing,
was adopted
theToldi, with
some components
and
few
for local
Sweden providing
of 80.
175
JANE'S
1937
1938
1939
m/37
48
m/38
16
m/39
m/40
m/41
1940
1943
1942
1945
on pre-war maneuvers
20
80
220
282
100
m/42
1944
(KAS)
twin-mount Bofors
lengthened L-60
new
40mm on
chassis. Optimistically
A slightly
in the need
smaller version of the L-60 with a 20mm AA
for anti-aircraft tanks.
gun,
known
as the
production there
purchased
six of these
inspired the
Through
all
an order for
62, was
more
example
in
successful.
the L-
Hungary purchased an
it
^V
in
was placed
in
939.
at a
succession of varying
5 *
gun on
the
m/4l (TNH)
8 production vehicles
known
m/4 Is on
to convert
another
line to the
starting in
August
September
><
j.
for L- 1 20s
1
'.-
was
t
j.*.'**
ffH^'
that
as
176
When
chassis.
official interest.
also
of this the
Swedes
deliveries
:
*
the production
*,
*
<v
JANE'S
TNH
tank
built
under licence
in
Model
1933
L-181
Lithuania
1934
L-181
Denmark
1935
L-181
12
L-180
L-180
Ireland
1936
L-180
Estonia
1937
L-180
14
1938
Lynx
Denmark
1939
L-180
Ireland
Lynx
Denmark
Lynx
Lynx
30
artillery
6-gun
batteries.
not
m/43 on
come
the
m/42
to tuition until
chassis,
role,
this
did
armored
cars
A batch of 30
vehicles,
rhe
German occupation
946.
interest in
but
deliveries
to
as the Pbil
1939
m/39. The
to
The Swedes
purchased
cavalry.
known
in the early
as the Pbil
m/3 1 were
a three vehicle
distinct
models of armored
Landsverk embarked on
series
mounted
Bofors
chassis
and
Denmark
Netherlands
Denmark
Sweden
the development of a
Netherlands
Qty
1940
truck chassis and
Customer
Year
Sweden
m/3 Is,
cars served
through
m/39 Lynx,
m/3
but stagnated
may have
been due
in part
Landsverk.
It
growth
in the size
became
heavier,
to the
more
dedicated
facilities
economically with a
improvements. This
to the
thereafter.
1 1
tons until
By 1944
end
ol the
medium spectrum
in
their
the
most
countries.
r j
>
"
:
i
i<
11
:l
'
II.
ii
1
,i
ii
177
m/37
Strv
WORLD WAR
the
AV-IV
tankette
significant changes.
moved up
to the turret.
firepower as
two
possessed,
it
machine guns,
machine gun be
in the turret
more so,
if not
Equally important,
8mm m/36
opened up
it
km/hr) and
radio, the
agile,
equipped with
930s.
it
was nearly
useless.
the
driver,
commander and,
to
if
company commander. As
needed, platoon or
replaced the
and he had
service they
to an
the)'
independent company
Weight (tonnes)
on Gotland with
Strv
5-tank platoons.
six
m/37 (KAS)
m/38-39-40
Strv
in several batches,
differing slightly
from the
others.
Landsverk
The
each
initial
16
two-man
turret.
The
similar,
from the
left
third batch of
main
The
right.
differences
from the
The
earlier batches
were
and
would
By using a Swedish
50mm.
Atlas-Diesel Lysholm-Smith
Strv
m/40L (KAS)
4.5
Front
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Length (m)
3.40
Side
Width (m)
1.85
Engine
Height (m)
1.95
HP
15
10
85
60
JANE'S
m/40 became
world
to use
the
first
an automatic transmission.
it
was
built
known
as the
fine
The
m/40K,
weapon
when
the
in the late
m/40 began
obsolescent and by
to
by Karlstad Mekaniska
delivered)
it
was
all
more
deliveries,
944 (when
but
useless.
it
was
the
m/40K was
The small
hull
meant
feature,
and
to
weight used a
compensate
The
efficient
three-man turret
fitted.
60
series
tank force
as its
tank until
it
late
continued
1
as the
most numerous
944.
suspension elements.
that a
be
Bofors
Weight (tonnes)
37mm gun
was
9.1
Armor (mm)
Front
Armor (mm)
Length (m)
4.90
Side
Width <m)
2.08
Engine
Height (m)
2.05
HP
15
10
142
45
m/42
Strv
families,
weak armament,
development of a heavier
L-60
series,
but required a
match the
to
fact,
original configuration
the
of two
more
two
denoted whether
HP Volvo
160 HP Scania-
it
(M)
transmission.
m/42TM,
70 TH and 10
EH from Landsverk,
and 55 TH and 47 EH from Volvo. Armament
was a medium-velocity Bofors 75mm gun that
was a great improvement on the 37mm weapons
Strv
m/42
machine gun
The m/42
contemporary battlefield
in terms
of tank
killing.
third
weapon
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
22.5
Front
55
Length (m)
6.22
Side
n/a
Width (m)
2.34
Engine
Height (m)
2.59
HP
320
42
179
WORLD WAR
Sav m/43
The success ot German and Soviet assault guns
spurred the Swedes to develop their
own
of the
TNH (m/4l).
Scania-
mounting
rather cramped,
assault
gun
rather small
rounds of ammunition.
actually
somewhat thin
an
for
of a machine
design and
it
it
was apparently
remained
in service
until 1970.
L-180/181
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
12.4
Front
Length (m)
4.60
Side
Width (m)
2,14
Engine
Height (m)
2.29
HP
30
15
140
43
Armored Cars
930s
model
theL-lSl, used
gun
armored
Daimler-Benz
armed with
cars.
in the
The
chassis.
first
The
20mm Oerlikon
Netherlands used a
37mm
Bofors gun.
chassis.
all
L-
vehicle
five
army
was made
m/40
Lynx.
By
mid
good armament. By
conclusively
showed
An
L-1
80 with Oerlikon
20mm
Weight (tonnes)
commercial truck
chassis
on
gun
the limitations of
the battlefield
vehicles to
Length
7.4
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
5.87
Side
Width (m)
2.24
Engine
Height (m)
2.48
(in)
HP
9
9
180
65
JANE'S
*&
in
middle on the
"Lynx"
machine gunner.
turret, to give a
20mm
left side.
as the
featured
in the
car
a driver
and
a hull
iVladsen automatic
turret
mounted
cannon and
Denmark in April
1
to
German
Swedish use as
lot-
for their
Swedish Army.
Weight (tonnes)
Pbil
7.8
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
18
n/a
Length (m)
5.10
Side
Width (m)
2.30
Engine
Height (m)
2.20
HP
140
73
SKP m/42
To provide
truck chassis.
its
in
low-sided, open-topped
on
a 3-
in
6 passengers in a
compartment
at the
they were at
As
fit
rear.
hull to
least reliable
and easy
to maintain.
Length (m)
6.80
Width (m)
2.30
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Engine HP
Height (m)
2.28
Weight (tonnes)
SKP m/42
6.7
Front
Side
15
15
105
50
181
United
States
Pre-War Tanks
There were two centers of tank design during the prewar period. The
Army's in-house
facility
was
at
also
the
less
resulting in
track
new
Christie,
however, obsessively pursued the increase of speed, largely through the use
of his patented new suspension that used large road wheels with long
arms and
large springs.
Another characteristic of
its
facility
new suspension
his
Rock
the
Island as
as
theT4 medium
and
and
British
were able
to prove a
its
1933
in
and the
dead end
covertly)
at
to
was
and
Soviets
was
built a
cars.
As a
a light
result the
had
development of two
similar,
but
wheels on two bogeys each side and armed with a .50cal and
machine gun
side
by side
in a turret
and a second
a .30cal
in
its
as the
JANE'S
Ml
combat car
in
right.
The
next modification
to increase
ground
production as the
1940
as the
The
this
and lowered
went
increased the
Finally,
to ride
into production in
M2 Combat Car.
16mm
to
10.5 tons.
The
final
in early
a light
incarnation of the
armament, while
M2 light tank
increased to
in
mid-year
Combat
Combat
the
combat
car,
Light
but carried
and added
mount
1932
1933
Car,
M1
Car,
M1A1
armament on
two
the
turrets,
left,
Above: An M2A2
August 1939
light
one with
and the
other,
NY
1936
1937
41
19
30
24
10
1938
1939
-
M2A1
Light Tank,
M2A2
125
104
Light Tank,
M2A3
73
T3
(convertible),
Medium Tank
(convertible),
T3E2
Medium Tank
(convertible),
T4
10
16
18
Medium
weapon, on the
1935
Light Tank,
Medium Tank
1934
in
and
.50cal
armed with
The vehicle
to prove an
the
was
22mm,
Medium
Tank, T5
Tank,
M2
Fiscal Year
Foundry
13cm
wooded
areas,
to the
weapon
and the
were
to
resulting vehicle
Troop
930s.
The T4
retained the
The
at
Rock
Island Arsenal in
was similar
turret
Combat Car in
of the
to that
iVI 1
by a
The tank
much more
was
It
than the
M2-
was
tank.
The convertible
launched
in
May
on
was placed
theT5 Phase
with
MG.
In
MG
a .30cal
theT5 Phase
II
sheets
that in turn
rolled
medium
production of 18 to begin
tank
M2, with
mid- 1939.
in
were cancelled
in light
development in the
US
and
of the
M2
built, the
development
left
the
all
would
serve as the
&
no longer
The
resultant
at
model of light
not
which were
demand
The
also in
made it
M3 during its
tank. The
March 1942
Indeed, in
all
to
fuels.
by directing that
official
possible
was
turret,
as far as
later
diesel
at the
same
and
the references to
when
and
"Stuarts") as
US.
as the loader)
commander
would
rotate with
power
in place the
in practice,
the
gun
deck
to
accommodate
systems.
a redesigned
The
forward, yielding
resultant
light
and cooling
movement towards
the
more room
moved
adding a bustle
M5A1
accommodate a
At the same time,
M5 hull had
built
M5A1
and
M3A1
The
new tanks
but with
M5 and
M3A1
M5
at Cadillac in
and
fitted.
designated the
fitted.
This
assistant driver
The
the engines
on the
providing
reliability.
fixed
in
lend-
were
traverse.
field,
hull.
needed.
the
replaced by one of
The cupola on
overseas.
Light Tanks
it
(who doubled
standardized as the
mechanism on
US did
After
so
manual
lease
optical range-
The
to reduce
large-scale
in the
fixed gun.
the problem.
.30cal
and
officially recognize
the
retained in the
recoil
some
result,
at
in rotating sponsons.
turret
in
traverse
1020
superstructure. In
ground
W-670
roadwheels
aria)'
some combinations
US or
to the
and the
made
bewildering
feature
under a program
their
and
medium
the
M2A4. As a
armor
of the T5
in the
pressure,
continually
standardized as the
These contracts
grudgingly,
finally,
36
Ametican Car
series light
firepower.
cost
it
the
vehicle
a further
94 1 None appears
combat by
in
was dropped
ground
936-37.
trials
improvements
idler
been used
and
tanks,
added
329
for
in the early
1939
T3s
later
to have
was
standardized as the
in
in heavily
WAR
TANKS OF WORLD
JANE'S
new
to the tanks as
soon as
M3A1
(gas).
The M3 and
themselves
fast
experiences in
showed them
reliable.
Even
early
be undergunned.
It
was made
185
JANE'S
painfully clear in
North Africa
that earlier
in
a project
was begun to
fit
breech-loaded 8 1
Phase
to
more
attempt mounting
effective
1942
In late
on the
new gun
theT24
to yield
M5) and
US
design practices.
Ir
used a torsion-bar
T13E1
25H
that
bomber.
performance
thin,
was
had
75mm
the
but
heat up
in half.
service
life,
A new concentric
gun in
mounting of the
a tank turret.
in
M5Als previously
light
M24
in July.
the best
and well
armed.
that
fell
outside the
light
promulgated
May
in
1941 and
Marmon-
The Marmon-Herrington
substantially cheaper
the
September 1944
It
as "limited standard" as
In retrospect the
cannot be considered
was
in April
offer
T9E1, began
M22
It's
round. There
is
it
no record of attempts
to
HE
mount
never used
Rosswalden
in
to
10th Armored
Germany, 20
April
1945
On
would be quickly
the one
to the
M4 Sherman.
was
clear that
Rock
Island Arsenal
US armored
force,
one
the
hammered home
M2A1
armor and
tank with
37mm
its
the obsolescence of
main gun.
A pressing need
for a
tank with a
III
medium
pack howitzer
tank,
which had
in the hull. It
940
the
was
Army.
On 7 June
On
if they
1
in
mass production
August
the}'
M2A1 mediums,
the construction of a
for the
to include
brand-new purpose-built
mounted
a turret to
Medium Tanks
it
hand theT5
further developed to
latter to the
as the
the
who
III
vehicle, designated
crossings.
term,
as the
combat by
the British
panzerwaffe in
cancelled.
end of the
dispatch.
performance.
T9E2, was
until the
light tank.
in
new light
efforts
75mm gun
November 943
Only 1 3 days
later the
M2A1
new M3 medium
M2Als
for
JANE'S
in
1940
1942
1941
1945
1944
1943
Combat
Car,
M2
34
325
40
capabilities.
M2A4
Light,
M-H
Light,
M3
(gas)
Light,
M3
(dieset)
Light,
10
M3A1
M3A1
240
7-ton
2,072
2,454
479
802
(gas)
(diesel)
machine guns
40
211
3,425
M3A3
M5
2,074
M5A1
Light,
784
Light,
M22
(gas)
1,963
4,063
2,801
M3
2,915
1,033
M3
12
Medium, M3A3
322
in the
Medium, M3A4
109
284
replaced the
307
475
6,082
191
1,785
4,496
2,811
4,408
834
514
1,176
2,420
2,432
5,067
M4 (75mm)
651
casting instead of rivetting sections together,
and
1,255
2,171
-
M4 (105mm How)
few were
1,241
400
1,045
1,994
Heavy,
M6A1
M6A2
Heavy,
Heavy, T26E1
249
Another solution
40
was
to
would
fit
into the
12
M3
16
28cm
10
the bogeys. This configuration was designated
2,162
40
M26
-
Heavy, T26E2
Heavy,
but only a
1,172
built before
star pattern.
M6
M3A2,
1,321
Heavy Tanks
Heavy,
in the
1,594
Medium, T25E1
Heavy,
3,370
Medium, T23
Ordnance Committee
59
Medium,
16
was
Medium,
that in turn,
configuration.
British
Medium, M3A2
Medium, M3A5
fixed
Medium, M3A5
Two
hull to be fired
crewmen.
300
Medium, M3A1
turret with a
topped by
gun.
667
309
British
surmounted by a
coaxial
88
as the
field
due
75mm gun
same ammunition
1,930
Medium Tanks
Medium,
897
the
were discarded.
be a
to
150
M24
Medium,
velocity
680
Medium, M2A1
in their rotors
Light,
tanks were
4,370
-
Light,
Light,
AGF
Light,
Light,
mid- 1944
opposed
actively
Light Tanks
until
185
As was
27
T26E5
theM3A4.
become common with
to
necessarily indicate
US
the
WartimeTank Production
doctrine and
Ground
the decision
left to
the
this
the answer to
to fight
was building
new Tank
Forces, responsible
tactics, that
combating
enemy
tanks,
From
arm
Locomotive
Locomotive M3Als.
The armored
force submitted
its
187
JANE'S
M 3 replacement in August
requirements for an
1
M3 had entered
from the
The
to
move
automotive essence
as possible in
manufacturing
A prototype,
lines.
theT6 medium
December 1941
tank. In
in
two
when
the
availability
GM 6-71 arrangement as
on the M3A3,
this
M4A2.
Tank
in April
dirt,
Nevertheless, the
theaters
meant
that
most
for
to the
GAA
British
and
Soviets.
it
fact, it
somewhat
easier to
made
first
final
month
model
of
M4A3
in
production model
the tank
line in
August,
basic-model
M4. The
first
installed in the
accommodate
the large,
of
Department
built
two
them
Shermans
to
for test in
considered the
tests successful
recommended
the manufacture of
and
of
by change
in
nomenclature.
were many.
First,
76mm, and
fly.
The
the
reasons
commanders
most had
,000 such
the
Armored Force
By this time
the
at
the
work on
T-20
series
as
it
Sherman waned
that
it
interior.
Sherman,
M4 and in July
943 an
Ordnance Department
produced over-optimistic
as a result
effect of sloped
Army Ground
that
to
US
weapon
that
promised
well.
Sherman
third
to
of tanks
as envisioned
to
do with the
late
76mm-armed
in
The 76mm
did,
to give
ammunition meant
in the tank,
75mm HE,
the larger
blast frequently
As
way around
tanks with
this,
call,
a useful
reason,
in
Appeals
Initial tests
on
conducted
in
of an
in
of 500
initial lot
of the
led
fill
Shermans
to
the explosive
enemy tanks
against that
its
McNair
false
adamant stance of
anti-tank capability.
armor
figures for
penetration by the
Ordnance
after
would weaken
German
began to
clear
bitter recriminations
became
Sherman
dust.
a Tiger,
it
for either a
All the
issue
Normandy invasion
After the
in the field,
the
most numerous
most contentious
combat
i.e.,
the
E8
chassis,
be built.
Sherman up
Certainly, the
hard
yielding
British-
in
M4A3E8.
it
cross-country mobility
Sherman
Panther or
it
the
(an
assistant
that the
as
Sherman
and
that such a
Shermans
variants, the
M3
September 1941
in
on
hoods
noticeably and
using the
for protruding
order to speed
showed
The
transition
driver.
to use as
make
75mm
the
second was
chassis,
was
first
noticeable was to
May
HVSS. The
tanks
traverse, this
to enter
38mm of armor
turret
with walls
50mm
JANE'S
thick.
since
role,
It
it
was intended
75mm M3 gun,
components
to
compensate
254
for the
M4A3E2
Europe the
final drive
weight of 42
combat. Once
dozen British
Fireflies
in Italy received
from
in the final
their counterparts
60
when a
Woolwich Arsenal
in
reduced ro 80)
936
was
officially rescinded.
In
US Shermans. The
and
May
T26 E3 platoon
enters
Germany on the
1 st
March 1 945
and then
Canada
in
940
testing
as the
M6 and M6A1
the
12M6Alsand20TlEl
models, the
M6s,
last
Subsequent
to
in
Although
recommended
scrap.
approved
in
recommended
weeks of the
British design. In
about
first
Below: The
Heavy Tanks
built
in iMay-July
in
war ended.
April, but
unreliable,
ever
left
tests
showed
theTlEl
all
a 3"
M7 gun.
the models to be
especially so,
and none
the US.
189
a failed series
Sherman.
replace the
to spring
to
transmission,
theT23 with
transmission,
all
track.
to
M3 half-
the
North Africa
for
effect
and the
useless
latter acceptable,
but only as an
electric
to
M4A2
mounting
medium
the
month
ETO informed
the
a 3"
carriage in
June
Once
The
942.
the
first
658
built
had
to
destroyer.
it
Tmk
Destroyer
be returned
motor gun
as
Of those,
numbers unsuitable
large
more thinly-armored
production
logistics chaos.
Ik
made
of which
for
interim weapon.
with
their incarnations,
75mm M
WAR
At 80 km/hr
it
was the
fast
tank
fastest tracked
Nevertheless,
Army Ground
was
Forces fotighr a
90mm tank
successful. Production
0s,
for the
of the
most
first
part,
20 T26E3s
which began
was awarded
Although
tank.
American rank
still
flawed,
it
in
light, fast,
March
M26 heavy
on
was
Panther or
had begun
in
new chassis
suspension and a
brief combat
career.
system
Tank Destroyers
Starting in
the
94 1 the
US Army assigned
mission of destroying
the
until
as the
it
was
theTD
from
to pressure
76mm gun
not standardized
as
AA weapon.
to large
German
ability to
76mm gun
knock out
tanks.
certainly
had
a limited utility.
less charitable.
As
vehicles in
enemy
its
a result,
1944 and
a further
407
numbers of
in 1945.
turret
passengers.
It
prime mover
The need
served as a
for the
for a
towed 3"
AT gun.
on
modified
M10 in December.
in time. It
fight
was
also
The SP
tank
by
destroyers, so
truck,
and the
for.
The
37mm
Carriage, 3-inch
Carriage, 3-inch
Carriage,
Carriage,
Carriage,
90mm
Carriage,
90mm*
1942
1943
5,380
611
4,382
28
1,685
76mm
90mm*
were the
M6
1944
812
1,695
1,213
conversions
results
1945
200
187
-
This
and
modification of the
tanks
Some commands
to a torsion-bar
theT70. In response
much of its
conversion of 233
the
to the
known
as
to
lost
using a Christie
was rejected
to
the .50cal
had
M4A3astheMl0Al.
standardized as the
the
in
It
theT26E3 was
US Army.
these were
was authorized
vehicle in the
begin until
Fisher for
let to
lighter than a
724
the
September 1943. In
until
Marmon-Herrington Tanks
vehicle, however,
WAR
TANKS OF WORLD
JANE'S
operating
suppliers
production of the
0.
the termination of
number of
the
for
initial effort
and
forecast
production of 1 1 ,547.
Dropping new
on
turrets
the
turrerless vehicle
2,862 tank
M 10 chassis
chassis
on
standardized as the
July.
Normandy pressed
home
using
M36B
end of the
Starting in
five
this
May 945
1
and
was begun
this
in
to
M10
start
the
big
immediately popular. In
used
as a
gun proved
fact, it
was
so often
the open-topped
turret, a
coaxial
armor
theETO
bow
M36Bls
its
built
had
Sherman
bow
considered a success.
hull).
the
M36
highlight
had the
8 was
fast
little
and
vehicles.
Two
the
in
To expand
their
man
as the
home
in
943.
export drive,
and one
one
side,
be used in the
twin
fitted to the
of the
Dutch
was
that
received 3
six to
was stopped
in the
scrapped.
driver's
CTMS to Cuba,
shipping eight
and
in
was
to
China. In
CTLS
-4TAYwith
and the
time the
tanks
An
first
production
to
12 to Ecuador,
Mexico, but
(temporary) export
May 1 94
the
US
Lend-
line,
this
-4TAC with
(in lieu
19
ordered 240
MTLS
Indies.
arc, the
The
American Ordnance
left.
full lot
a two-
Because the
production of the
CTMS and
in the hull.
itself in the
.30cal
Sim could be
and
known
39
producer.
left
Army
Designed
war
the
but when
This
arrived.
tank
useless vehicles
KNIL,
to Java
starting,
Army.
them
(all
1942, getting
last
turret
far
was
when
Marmon-Herrington round
point of
as the
it
and
tanks.
Of the
CTL-3s
in a turret.
fruitless,
and
there
Indies
1941
modern
received 149
machine guns
M36B2.
its
retrofitted the
twin .50cal
the
British
M36s, but
more powerful
CTL-3A, and
to
of these in December
and
0A1 s
new production
yielding the
the
two-man
CTLS, 74
90mm
fighting in
vehicles,
further
The
building
M lOAls
Marines bought
their
slightly
0A1
37mm gun
in the tutret.
mounting
Their
at tanks.
^ ^'^i^^
300 incomplete
hand
II
The last
effort that
been used
to
in July
and the
191
JANE'S
/.eft
1
An
M3
operations
Morocco
in
in
landing
in
still
vehicles.
were due
as they had,
up with tanks
in
notably
rough
M4 mortar
The
on board
firing
no
proved popular
provision was
made on
revised vehicle
M4A1
vehicles
was
remedy
this a
M4A1
in
to
limitation of the
issued
some
of
them
(left
hand
and
turret)
in
US Army tank,
theT-9 (M22).
litrle
to aid the
built over
substandard, and of
were identical
in
terms
The
and the
Further, massive
afrer the Pearl
Harbor
US
come until
carrier,
the
on armored
White T7
underwent
tests in
vehicles,
its
but
half-
use of
half-track personnel
September-October 1938.
first
it
was found
to be
trials
192
mount for
was added
its
M2) and
the
M5
trials
2,209
as
the
M9 (equivalent of the
M3).The
this
of the
this standard,
used
an "Al"
M2, M3,
1,261
to the
M2s and
Al model.
propelled mounts.
gun
897 gun
Carriage. Their
(equivalent of the
With
components. After
machine gun
the .50cal
to the designations
built.
to the basic
underpowered.
"pulpit" ring
75mm M
if
few were
appearance of the
relatively
Although the
switching over to
Half-Tracks
of the vehicle
mortar
large-scale
designed, this
M3 personnel carrier,
M21, although
940, the
To
this
M4 and M4A1
for a .50cal
and T- 15
for
amount, and
943. Most
added was
turret)
mount
the floor
hand
firing
The primary
in
Mounted
combat, however, so
in
January
130 mils on
role
in
an armored shield
as the
M3 75mm Motor
support and,
all
the
converted to
M3A1
fire
45 when
the
firing
,360 were
their usefulness
had
finally
ended,
to the
57mm anti-
Similar arrangements
out as international
aid.
mounted
the
37
JANE'S
*T~rn*j\*Jr
reliability,
1940
Car, Half-Track,
M2
Car, Half-Track,
M2A1
Car, Half-Track,
M9
Car, Half-Track,
M9A1
...
-
M3
Carrier, Personnel,
M3A1
Carrier, Personnel,
M5
Carrier, Personnel,
M5A1
M4
Carrier, Mortar,
M4A1
Carrier, Mortar,
M21
Carriage,
Carriage,
Carriage,
Carriage, twin
4,735
1943
1944
3,115
1,407
5,681
152
M1
M14
571
SP weapons
until the
M7 full-tracked vehicle.
920
1,859
1,100
indifference.
600
110
50
912
86
1,350
766
500
324
928-34 (including
for the Persian
CarTl and
The
,638
Armored Cars
4,473
110
1,103
1,600
20mm, T10E1
it
656
987
4,959
but
2,026
1945
arrival of the
2,037
Carriage,
3,565
1,859
Carrier, Personnel,
Carrier, Mortar,
1942
1941
cars
chassis
were
by
M1 5
600
M15A1
1,052
600
Holabird
M16
2,323
554
M1
400
600
80
the
T2 by
Cadillac,
6x4
9mm of armor
and
and the
it
latter as
performed
an
role.
944.
The
.50cal
M3,
first
US
self-propelled anti-aircraft
resulting in the
arrangement
to yield the
M3 vehicle)
6 gun carriage
and the
new mount
that carried a
anti-aircraft
mount, on the
.50cal
37mm
MGs.That
the
M17 (on
designing
built in
05mm M2A1
gun of the
75mm
and
105mm gun
carriage.
first
armored car
to
Ml
in 1933.
first
turret-mounted .50cal
6mm of armor,
art at the
it
MG,
represented state-of-the-
final
With 4x4
M5 as the vehicle,
The first
The
was the
It
of mobility and
Ml 3 gun carnage. A
armored car
(along
Ml 3s).
artillery
The
Ml 6s
machine guns.
1 1
a turret
5A1 Although
.
there was
mount,
1933
1932
Armored
Car,
M1 Cunningham
Armored
Car,
T11
Armored
Car,
T11E1
Armored
Car,
T11E2
Scout
Car,
T7
Scout
Car,
T9
Scout
Car,
M2
Scout
Car,
M3
Scout
Car, T1
Scout
Car,
28
1936
1937
1938
1939
----------
1934
1935
1940
76
20
2
74
38
825
M3A1
little air
Pre-War Product on of/ trmored Cars & Scout Cars by Fiscal Year
1
5,
6 and
all
proved very
193
JANE'S
Scout
Car,
M3A1
Scout
Car,
Canadian 3
1941
1942
1943
1944
1,908
7,046
10,174
941
320
749
1945
a utility version
of
Armored
Car,
Armored
Car,
M8
4,299
T17
32
218
Armored
Car,
T17E1
Armored
Car,
T17E2
Armored
Car,
T18E2
28
Armored
Utility Car,
1,624
M20
157
841
3,383
38cm
2,687
789
211
830
1,337
in July
1943.
a Canadian production
War Time
Production
of
105mm
but no
desert tests,
stop-gap measure
thereafter
armored
cars
fell
all
this
different
initially
4x4
designed for
942, and
300
more
than
the
all
Allied
recommended
cars
there were
a
in France
available. In
January 1941
a large
trials
car.
8x6
vehicles to be designated
theT13 armored
automotive perspective,
large
and heavy
it
was found
in July
contract.
Needing an
all
vehicles
and
and
942.
British
motor torpedo
(as
boats) as
a requirement
additional
as T17E2s
and
for
The
theT17E2
mount in a powered
turret
and
in
January 1942
development, theT21
longer adequate
the
M8
armored
December
US
Tank Destroyer
the
tests,
left
and
development. All
for the
and
after
reconnaissance vehicle
modification as
as the
theT22E2 was
M8 armored car in
The production
The armored
in
May
1942 but
start
force
weapon on
the chassis of
for a
chassis the
resultant vehicle
the limited
building the
undertaken by Pressed
Steel, staffing in
1944,
M4A3 medium
M7,
designated the
M7B
this
was
US SP
in early
944 and
M37
motor howitzer
carriage.
the
in
classified as
A small
June 1942.
vehicles,
from the
clear
Production
in April 1944.
projects
(designated die
and an
cars in
used on
theTl7E2. 500
mid- 1 94 1
normal
was
As
howitzers were
reliable.
in
under
medium (T17/T17E1)
was drafted
British,
far too
brought
no designs
in
it
development of such
the
as prototypes.
that this
artillery,
some 105mm
solution.
vehicle proved
in
White Motors.
after
officially
Exempted from
194
no serious
develop an SP
January
to the
155mm Ml
effort
105mm
howitzer.
was made
to
until
TANKS OF WORLD
JANE'S
Right: An
M7 SP 1 05mm
France, in August
carriage
1944
Cadillac in May.
1945 and
June
in
a contract issued to
of the
chassis
at
the
tested in early
was standardized
it
WAR
as the
Production was
155mm
Although the
gun on the
1
94 1 The
on
the
tests in
pilot
began
studies
100)
now known as
the
Ml 2. Simultaneously, a
number of
unarmed
carriers
vehicles to serve as
ammunition
M30 Cargo
Carrier. Nevertheless,
the vehicles
Normandy
in
74
weapons on the
chassis.
hull.
M 12 guns
The
1945.
to
where
performed
the)'
as the
finally spurred
AGF
more of the
tests
to Europe,
well.
Carriers
old
showed
that the
overall configuration
of the
Ml
2,
accommodate
it
1945-
OneT83
The
with the
the
T65E 1
two
105mm How
Motor Carriage
155mm How
155mm Gun
155mm Gun
M37
How Motor
40mm
Cargo
(AA)
Carriage
Gun Motor
Carrier,
M30
M43
Carriage
M19
chosen was
and an open
turret
standardized as the
945.
at
300
vehicles,
all
trials,
which proved
(which were
but
turrets
Amphibians
not
was
with
9 in
at Cadillac did
ETO in the
to
1943
1944
1945
2,028
786
500
176
664
162
"
51
55
40
418
48
60
November 1940,
60
40
8"
finally
1942
1941
105mm How
in
to the
series
M7
Motor Carriage
series
105mm How
successful
The configuration
gun of
called for.
standardized as the
M40inMay
was designed
a similar
model Sherman
resulting vehicle
and
late
built using
300
-
942
vehicles,
it
was not
until
September
,900
War Time
reliable
The
LVT-2.
initial
195
WORLD WAR
Left: An
kit'
of extra
machine-guns on Okinawa
M5
to replace the
M8 motor gun
75mm pack howitzer as the
carriage with
LVT(A)-4.
its
its
costs.
installation
The
turret the
in
order to
pits
had
fit
to
the
be plated
was not
turret.
mounted
were intended
assault
amphibious
requested
wave.
assaults,
first
their use in
modifications were
to construct the
M5
light
steel,
and
tank
two
rear
MGs. Although
carrying capability.
unarmed. The
carrier,
196
In addition, a
notwithstanding, both
were to be included
To permit
.30cal
services used
provided
US
ball-mounted .30cal
shields.
MG was
No official
as
LVT(A)-4 Marianas
and a gyro-stabilizer
LVT(A)-5.
for
mounted
at rear, so the
only
way
to load
and
sides, a
in the
ramp
installed in the
LVT-1
1941
1942
1943
72
851
302
1944
LVT-2
LVT-3
LVT-4
11
288
200
250
1,489
LVT(A)-1
LVT(A)-2
LVT(A)-4
LVT{A)-5
1,540 1,422
1
1945
733
2,230
4,980 3,360
219
done about
bouyancy.
this
little
that could be
LVT(A)-1 The
.
little
Production of
Tracked Amphibians
401
269
JANE'S
Ml
combat
hull gunner,
The
car
had
crew of four:
commander and
mounts and
separate
and
a .30cal
known
as the
mesh
The M2
transmission.
and used
new
fitted to either
turret design.
model.
retrofitted to the
the
idler down
dropped the
M2
Guiberson
No
level
radio was
combat
Obsolete by
tanks.
replaced
In July
also
ground
to
fleet as well.
or with a
The MlAl,
flat
A second .30cal MG
constant
MG in
was
driver,
turret gunner.
cars as
940
light
M 1A1 light
combat.
M1A1
Light
16
4.14
Side
n/a
Width (m)
2.39
Engine
Height (m)
2.36
Weight (tonnes)
10.5
Front
Length (m)
4.42
Side
Width (m)
2.46
Height (m)
2.49
8.9
HP
250
75
Tank
Light Tank
M
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
Length (m)
Weight (tonnes)
combat
car,
light
M2
The
"*
common mount in
two main
pressure.
M2A4,
the
37mm
MG.
10 of traverse on the
quick engagement.
commander doubled
man
turret.
mount at
mount
to
The tank
two-
It
also
in
had thicker
armor
command
M2A4
Light Tank
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Engine HP
Road Speed (km/h)
25
n/a
250
50
197
JANE'S
M3
Light Tank,
The M3 series of light tanks evolved
turret, a
second
turret,
was
target,
by the
driver.
The
It
in the
The commander
then the gunner would complete the aiming with the free
gyrostabilizer was
020
diesel.
added
G u iberson T-
turret
M3A1
The
periscopic sight.
turret
M3
made by
two main
Above:
M3
fitted.
M3s. Once
Above:
as
variants,
gasoline engine and the other with the Guiberson diesel. In the rush
to get tanks to the field
no
free traverse
Stuarts), rendering
them
turrets
but
hybrid
useless.
to the British as
it
the
retained the
W-670
hull design
radial
of the
engine and
thus did not feature the raised rear engine deck characteristic of the
latter.
inward
as they
while additional
range.
A new turret was also developed for the M3A3, the main
formerly housed in
accommodate
the radio
also redesigned to
The
M3
M3A3
Weight (tonnes)
12.5
14.4
Length (m)
4.52
5.03
Width (m)
2.24
2.51
Height (m)
2.51
2.29
37
37
Front
Armor (mm)
Engine
HP
1941-42,
after that.
25
25
250
250
60
60
Above: M3A1 Light Tank
198
JANE'S
Light Tank,
This was an evolution of the
M5
M3 series of light
distinguished the
turret
was
essentially the
although
it
was
a little
same
as in
and power
The
M3A1
with
traverse,
was
fired
by the
in the
Dual
driver.
and
assistant driver.
and
devices. The M3
M5 were fast and reliable, but by late 942
turret
Weight (tonnes)
than
M5
fist tanks.
Light Tank
Light Tank,
15
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
Length (m)
4.34
Side
Width (m)
2.24
Engine
Height (m)
2.29
HP
50
28
220
60
M22 (Locust)
The crew of
traverse
and gun
to save weight.
such
as
powered
stabilization,
turret
consisting of a
.30cal
MG,
The US
carrying the
in
came
into
HE round
carry
1
The small,
enemy tanks by
either.
non-
were eliminated
The armament,
and
it
in the
Weight (tonnes)
M22
Light Tank
7.5
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
Length (m)
3.94
Side
Width (m)
2.16
Engine
Height (m)
1.85
HP
25
25
162
67
199
Light Tank,
The best
light tank
The
WORLD WAR
M24
M24 was a
earlier
US lights.
good cross-country
a coaxial ,30cal
mount.
AA
the
mount, and
.30cal in a ball
a .50cal
turret roof.
cupola with
six vision
a low-profile
Unlike the
it
iJ^S
it
many armies.
M24 was
an
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
18.4
Front
25
Length (m)
5.49
Side
25
Width (m)
2.95
Engine
Height (m)
2.46
HP
220
58
CTLS
The
driver's
hood
to
be built, the
the driver
on
mounts
machine gun
in the
theTM
tanks.
late
By
way in
totally obsolete.
Weight (tonnes)
A CTLS
(right
hand
US Army on maneuvers
200
in
Alaska
over by the
7.2
Length (m)
3.50
Width (m)
2.08
Height (m)
2.11
Front
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Engine HP
Road Speed (km/h)
Side
13
13
146
52
WORLD WAR
u-c.v..v
Medium Tank M2
The archaic
design of the
#T #
M2 medium tank
on
weapons were
all
Surmounting
gun and
around.
this
a coaxial
was
and aimed
a turret with a
37mm M6
37mm and no
comprised a
driver, tour
M2A1
armor
version, the
featured a
(32mm vs.
thicker
training.
Height (m)
column M2,
Weight (tonnes)
17.3
21.4
Length (m)
5.33
5.33
Armor (mm)
Side Armor (mm)
Engine HP
Width (m)
2.59
2.59
M2 Medium Tank
2.84
2.82
25
32
n/a
n/a
350
400
43
43
3.12
3.12
3.12
50
50
50
37
37
37
340
340
40
370
Front
An
one fixed
M3A1
and
model used
Wright
became
Burma
available,
942
and continued
in the infantry
until
Shermans
to serve in
of the war.
First
Height (m)
Weight (tonnes)
26.1
26.8
27.3
Armor (mm)
Side Armor (mm)
Length (m)
5.65
5.6
6.15
Engine
Width (m)
2.72
2.72
2.72
Third
M3 Medium Tank
Front
HP
40
40
201
WORLD WAR
facilitate
The
base
model
gasoline engine.
to the
diesels in light
hull.
twin General
units.
model
tor the
themselves.
WC multi-bank
the Chrysler
accommodate
this
massive unit.
RD- 820
The
75mm M3 gun
the
M4A4
radial diesel.
(for
mount on
pintle
in the hull. In
76mm M
of the
January 1944
A2 and A3 with
was deleted
detail
fire
fitted
in these
with a
M4
in
E8
performance,
etc.
reliable,
it
to sink in
M4
M4A3
M4A4
Weight (tonnes)
28.5
28.4
29.7
Length (m)
5.89
5.89
6.04
Width (m)
2.62
2.62
2.62
Height (m)
2.74
2.74
2.74
50
75
75
37
37
37
350
450
40
43
370
40
Front
Side
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Engine
HP
Middle: The
76mm
with
HVSS and
gun
Bottom: A late-production
202
muddy ground.
M4 (105mm
howitzer)
medium
WORLD WAR
gun and
second .30cal
weapon on an
powerful
German
anti-aircraft
the turret.
vehicles, the
guaranteed
mount on
as the
to the earlier
improvement compared
it
numbers
US
90mm M3
MG in the turret, a
coaxial .30cal
Although the
it
in the closing
its
in small
Its
in
main weakness
left
the
on
hilly terrain.
500
2.78
44
41.8
Front
Length (m)
8.79
Side
Width
(in)
Height (m)
3.51
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Engine HP
Weight (tonnes)
102
76
(Tank Destroyer)
Sherman,
a superstructure
with
its
and
bow
machine gun
left it
very vulnerable to
infantry. Nevertheless,
it
8s
gun
until
British
enemy
Ml 0s with
Weight (tonnes)
30
Front
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Length (m)
5.97
Side
Width (m)
3.05
Engine
Height (m)
2.46
HP
50
25
375
50
Carriage
203
WORLD WAR
with
Fast
its
it
armor could be
penetrated by .30cal
AP ammunition at close
open-topped
range, the
turret left
and
it
it
vulnerable
76mm Ml
gun had
lost
much
Its
of its "sting" by
tactic
was
to use the
superior
German
These
tanks.
notwithstanding, the
Ml 8
faults
"Hellcat" proved
MlO,
which
compared
to
had power
it
but
faster,
18.2
Front
Length (m)
5.28
Side
Width (m)
2.97
Engine
Height (m)
M1 8 Motor Gun
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
n/a
HP
12
12
400
83
Carriage
the
depot-stock
them with
new
0A1 tank
turret
destroyers
and
mounting the
fitted
90mm
armor cover
retrofit kit
fielded vehicles
and
featured a folding
M36B1
M36B2
had power
A light
was developed
later
for
production vehicles
(complete with
turret
an open top.
The
turret.
M4A3 tank
while the
MlO. The
use of a
new
made
vehicle.
The
the
not need
1
that
204
German
Carriage at speed
tanks in
944,
Weight (tonnes)
26.4
Front
Length (m)
5.97
Side
Width (m)
3.05
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Engine HP
Height (m)
2.72
55
25
375
50
JANE'S
II
M7
Howitzer Motor
The standard self-propelled
of the
artillery piece
tank with
Continental R-975
its
engine.
and 30
right,
and could
traverse 15 left
elevate
from -5
to
armament was
a .50cal
commander,
MG in a pulpit mount at
and
driver
five
The
M7B
of the
carried,
M3/M4
but
it
of the
Late-production
M7
19.9
Front
Length (m)
6.02
Side
Width (m)
2.87
Engine
Height (m)
2.54
by a
fire
M5
larger
HP
12
12
350
40
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
open-topped unit
M2 or M3 howitzer to
support.
light
The
M8
barrel of the
large flash
from -20
carried.
+40
to
The two-man
right.
The
driver
left
and
the front.
larger turret
howitzer-armed Shermans.
_
Carriage
.
M8
for
the turret.
until
Howitzer Motor
105mm
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^"
Weight (tonnes)
16.4
Front
Length (m)
4.34
Side
Width (m)
2.24
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Engine HP
Height (m)
2.29
30
25
220
60
205
JANE'S
chassis
of the
M3 medium
moved from
vehicle.
This
left
55mm M
8M
on which
9 1 7,
gun (depending on
availability)
hinged spade
at the rear.
Only 10
carried
seats
two
on the
projectiles
on the
Ml 2, so a
firing
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
26.4
Front
Length (m)
6.73
Side
Width (m)
2.67
Engine
Height (m)
2.69
50
20
HP
350
40
The Ml 3 was an
down, and
plates to fold
turret
on the
The
Maxson twin
6 was the
3 but with
the
quad .50cal
In
all
cases traverse
Each gun
fired at
loaders.
with an
electrical.
driver,
gunner
is
400-500 rounds/minute.
.50cal
rear bed.
M3 personnel carrier
This
the
air
US Army to
206
gun mount.
standard
to the
cal
machine guns
First
column M15,
Height (m)
Armor (mm)
Side Armor (mm)
Engine HP
Road Speed (km/h)
Front
Weight (tonnes)
9.45
9.0
Length (m)
6.17
6.50
Width (m)
2.24
2.16
2.39
2.34
12
12
128
128
67
67
12
JANE'S
support
fire
was-10
right.
to
left
No
armament was
carriage
was
machine gun
fitted.
identical,
and 21
traverse
M5 mount,
to -6.5 but
each side.
tracked vehicles,
September 1944.
It
remained useful
in the
M3 gun
full-
in
it
for
Front
Length (m)
6.22
Side
Width (m)
2.16
Engine
Height (m)
2.51
HP
12
8
128
75
motor carriage
M9
Half-Track Car
Carrier
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Weight (tonnes)
M2,
components, the
M3, and
in all
on
rear.
firing ot the
mortar toward
an arc-shaped plate
a .50cal
The
M2
Third
column
M5
9.0
9.1
9.3
6.12
6.32
6.32
Width (m)
1.96
1.96
1.96
Height (m)
2.26
2.26
2.31
12
12
12
12
128
128
143
67
67
63
Weight (tonnes)
Length (m)
Armor (mm)
Side Armor (mm)
Front
Engine
HP
Above: An
M2
207
WORLD WAR
one
.50cal
and one
MG plus an 81 mm
.30cal
practice,
armament
of the
M3
The
adapted to
fit
the 8
around the
was replaced by a
driver's position
ring
mount over
and fixed
M5 and M9 vehicles
The M2 and
"
suffix.
while the
rail
the co-
artillery,
proved to be
little
M3/M5 vehicles.
208
compared
compensated and
to the
German
powered front
carrier
axle
Below: Interior of an
M4A1 mortar
carrier,
had
relatively
note the
at the rear
JANE'S
^k
using a commercial-type
body
on
set
a channel-section frame.
The driver
while the
six troops.
body
interior,
a .50cal
Armored shutters,
and
the radiator,
with direct-vision
slots
No overhead
windshield.
protection was
quickly found to be
too large,
armed
However,
it
was
M3A1
too poorly
command
life as
ambulance, repair
vehicle,
tasks
Weight (tonnes)
5.6
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Front
12
8
Length (m)
5.61
Side
Width (m)
2.03
Engine
Height (m)
1.98
84
HP
87
37mm M6
a .30cal
gun
in a
gun and
M1919A4 machine
combination mount
in a
power-
operated
turret.
mount on
TheT-17E2 was
was intended
as
an AA
mounting two
.50cal
Although
built in quantity
who
called
at
theT-17El and E2
to
43 per second.
US Army,
13.9
Front
5.49
Side
19
Width (m)
2.69
Armor (mm)
Armor (mm)
Engine HP
21
Length (m)
Height (m)
2.31
92
97
209
5=55CSk
WORLD WAR
Armored Car M8
This 6x6 vehicle had
the
on the
gunner
to the left
commander
in
right, the
right.
moved
The manually-operated
mounted
steel turret
coaxial .30cal
cast
mount
for such a
units
weapon
added
a ring
in the field
and
later
lip.
for
its
A turretless
M20 utility car, could carry five to
seven
crewmen
for
command and
other duties.
Weight (tonnes)
M8
7.9
Length (m)
5.00
Width (m)
2.54
Height (m)
2.24
Armor (mm)
(mm)
Engine HP
Road Speed (km/h)
Front
Side Armor
role.
sought
to
shortcomings,
its
short mechanical
ride
on
in the
life.
M3A1
The new
light
and
that
land.
That
still left
tank
a better
had
to be used to load
tall
sides to
the engine
difficulty. Unfortunately,
available in
numbers
Extremely useful
even
when
fitted
and small
it
did not
become
until 1945.
LVTs,
suffered grievously
210
jeeps
when used in
75mm
19
19
110
92
JANE'S
The LVT(A)-1 was similar to
6-
TANKS OF WORLD
WAR
5=33vSk
made of
turret
of the
roof, along
M5A1
light
for ,30cal
carrier version
MGs. The
of the
accommodate
its
75mm howitzer.
it
LVT(A)-4 replaced
.30cal
at
In order to
suppressed, leaving
the
similar to the
M8 howitzer
two shielded
the front.
First
column LVT(A)-1
column LVT(A)-4
Weight (tonnes)
14.8
14.4
18.0
Length (m)
7.95
7.95
7.95
Width (m)
3.25
3.25
3.25
Height (m)
3.07
2.46
3.07
13
13
13
250
250
250
40/10
40/10
40/10
Armor (mm)
Side Armor (mm)
Front
Engine
HP
Road/Water
Speed (km/h)
its
37mm
gun
211
Other
Countries
Afghanistan
comprised the armored strength until 193 1 They bought sixT-26 Model
.
93 1 tanks and
a small
the Soviet
35
tractors
this
eight
37mm gun and a .30cal machine gun. An only slightly better vehicle was
purchased in 1939, in the form of a dozen CV.35s from
Italy.
The only
the
in
Afghan
purchasing commission in March, but were never delivered due to the war
situation.
Argentina
was delivered
in the early
920s, and
six
no further
Crossley 6x4 armored cars were purchased and these were distributed in
came with
Argentina's pro-Axis
to develop
tilt
Model 34
were made
the purchase of 12
Modelo 1938.
light tanks
final
from
Czech LTH
series,
but the
that academic.
kept
it
75mm
and
it
medium
tank with a
944.
The overall
first
DGFM
JANE'S
from Czechoslovakia
remained in service
in
armored
until the
German
and
the take-over.
The
take-over.
ADGZ for
fell
into
German hands
after
appear to
Italian vehicles
cars
ADGZ armored
units.
1942
to replace losses
security forces.
Belgium
resources,
1
EB
it
aircraft
1931-32 by
FMA,
armament was
the
arsenals
had
in large
It
had been
after
of surplus
at
low
built.
Austria
known
Schwarlose
in
locally as the
The first
from the
armament:
Right: A Nahuel in a
of twin
in the
to 60,
in the turret,
next
and two
be
medium
light
ball
mounts
these
mm basis.
which rhey
commercial two-man
to
the time
and
By
1 1
920s had
in the bow.
at
75mm L40
Bofors gun, but too few were available. A
unique feature of the tank was the triple Ml 927
prices.
be purchased was
the
full-scale
to
214
tall
conical turrets to
light tanks,
mount
modified with
the French
in
followed by a
1
as
theT 15
JANE'S
Right: An
ADGZ armored
car
a contract
and
in
this
tractors
were
initially
47mm
in a shield
SP
as
with
Mod
were
1,
main
of 1 50 vehicles,
series
Mod 3,
featured a
(6-1
3mm)
as
theT 13
all-
a revised suspension.
armor
Mod 2. The
thin
known
CV3/33
time
tankettes,
Italy
tanks were
ACG models
Lease program in
they had
man them
as a result
only eight
made serviceable.
Each of the
allocated six
six cavalry
13
Mod 3,
Mod 3.
to
be the Italian
machine guns
tables
first-
7mm Madsen
heavy
light
regiments was to be
in
M3A1
MG of
13.2mm Breda
By January 1941
division, although
scout
Worn out by
19
MGs,
Lend-
radio tank.
65
Brazil
seven with
could be
cars,
US
arrived.
further deliveries
difficulties
when
went
on.
An
initial
in
M3 light tanks
delivered.
of 74
M3A1
in
1945.
36
A total
in
A total of 4 17
No detailed breakdown
is
available,
but by
AT
In addition, the
15s and 16
13s.
Bolivia
In
gun
carriers
were
latter consisting
lost in
Mk VI machine
1933
of one twin-
in the
treaty
ceasefire
The
and the
and a T 13
Mod 3 SP gun
215
WAR
TANKS OF WORLD
JANE'S
/.eft- The
Bolivian twin-turret
Central American
None of these
medium
(PMK)
On the outbreak of
E tank
US
programs
Lacking
numbers or of sophisticated
in large
program thus
The
These comprised 19
M3A1
design.
light tanks
M3A1
vehicles.
scout cars, 30
and 14 Marmon-Herrington
The
largest force
was
in the
Cuban Army,
series;
delivered in
One
Battalion,
comprised 20
M8s and
54 T- 17s,
into an
car.
other
was made
oi the unit
had
by the
difficult
radios:
fact that
few
Costa Rica
20 M5s delivered
Cuba
Guatemala
Haiti
12
Guatemala
Haiti
and 3
in
M3s delivered in
The
to Italy
1944.
was
In early
tanks.
Dominican Republic
to the
supply 25
91
PzKw I
PzKw I,
armored
five half-tracks.
(for training),
10
PzKw
cars.
No PzKw
III,
Honduras
Cuba
inventory, so the
Germans
substituted 19
El
Bulgaria
The
first
captured
acquisition of AFVs came with a 1934
CV33
form the
1936
1st Tank
a second contract
and
in
Company.
tankettes
to transport
In
September
was signed,
this
time
provided
the
MGs.
April 1943
later,
followed by ten
1
models
fill
to
in
August-
form 3rd
battalion.
97
PzKw IVJ,
Nicaragua
55
Marmon-Herrington
Cuba
Guatemala
cars.
CTMS
4
Tanks
4
1)
battalions
in
US Shipments
1943,
to
Central America/Caribbean
By 1944 the
force
had expanded
months
started in
with
program
Salvador
armored
armored brigade.
light tanks
objections.
delivery a few
216
The
ol the vehicles
all
and the
Kosovo
in the
Ironically,
to
Chile
an
only combat
Germans,
in Serbia
and
autumn of 1944.
The Hotchkiss
handed over
to the
war were
Mk VTb machine
gun
its
five
carriers
Carden-Loyd
M3A1
The US
delivered an initial 25
in 1942.
1943, comprising 30
more scout
cars
M3A1
and 10
M5
scout cars
in late
light tanks, 18
half-tracks.
The
final
1
mechanized battalions.
China
vehicles).
1940 (two
armored
cars
government purchased
the central
and December
93 1
in
tanks).
(1
The first
machine gun
1930,
in
carriers
with
first
government
central
early
(single turret,
no
6-tonners. Finally, in
of several
1933 the
later
single-turret
with radios.
delivered in
to
50 tanks arrived
at
and
a contract
1941
for the
two-man
at
Canton
in
March 938
complement, remained
Finally, in
Burma in
standard
1942.
Italy,
half
the other
1938, Based
initially at
a .50cal
this
line in
little
first
March 1942
.30cal turret.
one came
it
off the
had the
to
(1,100
CTLS
later.
end of
of
production
tanks.
earlier.
933 the
example. In
lew months
first
and another 32
invited to re-establish
US and British
was approval
hand. Apparently,
four
result
priority,
accepting
and
36 M3Af
ordered a single
radio),
immediate
1937
Lend-Lease.
for
requirements had
while in late
light tanks
unclear.
is
use.
MkVI
more amphibian
the
were ordered
in
was
was approved
(eight
in
vehicles
armed with
amphibian
February
little
when 12
trailers
in
government came
Rangoon
apparently saw
By 1 940
been
their first
vehicles)
to have
and improvised
WORLD WAR
Australian production in
all
from
formed
in India
and Burma.
The last
October 1936.
36 as-yet-undesigned armored
placed for
armored
cars.
to spare,
cars, arrived in
Canton
in
Renault UE chenillettes
(fitted
a light
superstructure
gun) and
Provincial
in
37mm SA-
to Japanese pressure.
fl/0/if:The Renault
by the
gun and
the
later
due
machine
there
936
with a small
few months
the central
Yunan
December 1 937.
an order in March
to
AMR-ZB combined a
modified
AMR with
217
TANKS OF WORLD
JANE'S
WAR
II
Left:
the
German
service
936
three Lynxes in
until the
when
dissolved in 1943,
in
the
The
occupation.
saw no combat
in
the)'
army was
duties.
Ecuador
until
942.
immediately
after Pearl
Harbor brought
and eight
M3A1
US
Lend-Lease Equipment. In
CTMS tanks
a four-vehicle
US
assigned
,000
M3A3
light tanks to
42
M3A1
light tanks
and four
and
Italian
Semoventi 75s.
made
it
to
Shermans
in late
16
for
Denmark
Eire
Other than
Denmark's
first
use in Burma.
purchased in August
Colombia
Patrol Tanks
Equipment
twelve
M3A1
light tanks
was assigned
cars,
M3A1
The
tracks.
scout
tanks
cars in
1944.
and
unsatisfactory,
a tendency to shed
in
937. Attention
January
reliability
armed
Ustasha
it
These vehicles,
chassis,
By 1937
for
armored
German
regional
command furnished a
8 ex-Polish
used.
1
With
to
TKS
R-35s were
including about 26
Semoventi 47
seized
L 6/40
variants.
numbers of AFVs,
light tanks
and
this
the
army
two armored
cars),
regiments.
and an
built
at
DK 100,000
on Biissing-NAG 6x4
Cut
early part
off
of
They
one
in each of the
two cavalry
initial
in
Ford
chassis. Built
a single light
constructed of mild
steel,
ball
In 1943 17 Beaverette
in April
DK
939.
cars
Mk III
st
- 3rd Armoured
worth of Universal
December 1938.
armed with
218
armored bodies
truck chassis.
The
fitted to
chassis,
each.
part)'
were locally
turrets
and
The
4x4
the
cars
1935
produce 28
L-180 armored
In
six
end of WW2.
commissioned Thompson
training duties. In
April
Royce
purchased for
Croatia
thirteen Rolls
official
handed over
company, with
and two
in early 1943.
arrived in mid-year
forces
Lend-Lease program.
Britain
armored
in
to the
infantry battalions.
last
two batches,
Estonia
By 1939 Estonia
trucks
still
in 1919. Five
of these
JANE'S
Rights
FT tanks
purchased
in
of 13 armored
cars built
on Crossley 4x2
chassis
(four with
1927-28, and
purchased
in
six Polish
TKS
tankettes
trucks, the
three
Company with
or optics.
six TKS.
The
first
without armament
12 were delivered in
first official
purchase of 32
and 18 with
FT
procurement of
in
8mm MG)
37mm
Although
in
Winter War,
1921. In
trials: a
Mk VI* MG
carrier, a
mid- 1936
contract was
placed for
and
32
37mm
were ready in
of 1939/40.
service.
six
in
considerable
number of
amphibian
M1931 and
T-37A and
13 T-38
War
45mm
fied into
the
45mm
mounted
gun.
MG
crew member
Some
man
to
and
a fourth
it.
more
amphibian
all
tanks, 53
BT-7M
fast
tanks (not
single
tanks.
during the
all
The
five
War
from Renault.
The
in 1939.
Finland
Finland's
were single
fairly
rest
were added
An
in 1944.
a big
box extension
it
to the rear of
known
as the
Left.
BT-42, was
was cramped,
difficult.
was placed
Model
it
to the separate-loading
As
as
in
mid- 1943
assault guns.
for
45 StuG40
Only 30 of
these
BT
light
fire
support
tank
219
WORLD WAR
Left.
to be
Not
the Marmon-Herrington
4x4
kits
Iran (Persia)
his motorization
Army
and two
Army placed
FT
a contract
1933 the
with American-
was
The effort
rejected.
Marmon-
to
37mm
a thinly-
chassis of a
surmounted by
gun and
to a general
and the
failed
truck,
with solid
still
tanks. In July
program
possessed four
coaxial
M-H
4x4
in
July-September of
DT
trials
batches of
one
war broke
During
models.
Germans renewed
1944
The StuGs
the
a result,
PzKw
received extra
armor
BT-42s were
single
was
retired
from
and
in
1936,
cars
of
BA-20 and
vice.
car park
and
One
unusual vehicle
to
be purchased
gun on
Landsverk tank
40mm
Bofors
chassis. Six
delivered in
and
remained
Right.
An
Iranian AH-IVtankette
tanks, but
Winter War.
Italy they
The
British
and
Mk VIB light
in service
carriers
also
to
in
to be
in
January
to several tank
was increased
to
manufacturers and
awarded
26
promised
Only
cars.
out.
at local
service.
all
The
all
IV Model
The much
Renault
as the
delivered in 1935.
220
Greece
the spaced
to
50 of each, with
theTNHs
Deliveries
May
1937.
JANE'S
Right An
Iraqi
With
be the
intact.
last
M3A1
scout
cars
in
Iraq
modest mechanization
was begun
effort
in
cars,
repairing
some
Italy.
After
damage
extensive water
placed in service in a
new
light tank
The
Force.
1
tankette
Mechanized
company took
company.
motorized
part in the
cars to
March 1935 18
Chevrolet
In
MG-armed
light tanks
vehicles.
four
form an
MG,
model
943
the
TG.130
in three
squadrons),
in
model.
models
CKD
May 1937 a
for 2 LTL
1
was changed
to the
LTH
company
vehicles),
an
were
at the
939
outbreak
WW
Medium
Mk VI
Vickers).
light tanks
donated by Britain.
and 26 Humber
I,
II
In early
20 Valentine
British transferred
in
Army.
independence
in
Mk V
Composite and two Medium Mk B,
five
The
in
when
1
7)
six Fiat
3000A
and eight
purchase of
Vickers, each
Italy.
Two
of these were
fitted
needed and
Army ordered
37mm
Vickers
for the
L-
its
CKD returned
LTL model. In May 1937 CKD was
with
its
awarded
a contract for 2
1940. By
this
Baltic states,
Union and
first
time Lithuania,
like the
other
first
They
with
arrived
16
in
unarmed
7.92mm Maxim
December 1933
Ml 933
armed with
MG. A
light tanks
a single
the
from
7.92mm
cars. Six
L-l 8 Is on Daimler-Benz
were ordered
in
in
March of 1926
gun-armed with
first
now aged
chassis
armored
first
Lithuania
in
all
aside in the
1940.
The
Latvia
On
B),
point
(six Fiat
1945 the
this
Ml 936
Latvia's
and
To
solely with
16 tanks
Ml 936
a further
a 2pdr. In
were bought
May 936
Vickers and in
armored
start
of World
War Two
force consisted of an
company with
the Lithuanian
armored car
company
M
Vickers M
Vickers
into the
company with
the
221
JANE'S
TANKS OF WORLD
WAR
II
Dutch
M39 armored
car
2 M38s.
1st
the
Regiment,
manned
known
as the
'Yellow Riders"
the Carden-Loyds,
some
basis.
Army)
Manctiukuo
up by the Japanese
set
930s,
when
In
three
Company.
armed with
in
Dowa Automobile
known
as
armored company.
were designated
Mexico
Included
Six
Marmon-Herrington
form the
(sole)
tank
CTL (two-man)
in
company
with the
the
to
1942
in late
of four Marmon-Herrington
arrival
following year.
by six
M3A1
The US
authorized 24
and
these were
delivered in 1944.
Netherlands
Committed
country, the
vehicles.
for testing,
and
fitted
for
armored
with
M08/ 1
Carden-Loyd
Right:fV\ Overakvagen
active in their
They ordered 2
armored truck
of the
of 1 2 L- 1 80
turrets.
These
in the
L-
installed.
as
Overvalwagen were
major order
more of
for tanks
was placed
in
The
first
1937,
two-man MG-armed
Vickers,
vehicles
same time
Lend-lease
began
222
KNIL
actually purchased
armored
cars
in
with Vickers,
this
80
broke out
in
Europe the
British
time
when war
government
JANE'S
Right
Berliet
GNR in 1942
confiscated
all
made
it
KNIL
200
CTLS
(two-man,
Marmon-Herrington
for
CTMS (three-man,
37mm-armed)
further
34
in
MTLS
Of these,
models
CTLS
however, only a very few of the
(four-man,
37mm-armed)
tanks.
separately,
and
50
it is
unclear
Due to
if the
arms
delays in the
lor
arrived
gun-armed
US
Herrington
Middle-East stocks,
all
up on
invasion, the
KNIL at the
time of the
both
at
Bandoeng.
The improvised
The tank
2
and
airfields.
March 1941
against Japanese
forced to retreat.
on
occupying
initially successful,
armored
cars
on Java,
tanks were
363-man tank
when
the
they were
Tanque 38/39. A
battalion with
Army
cars,
army
Autumn of 1943 30
cars.
including
after World
War Two.
The
mix of armored
6x6
armored
five
Humber IV
Romania
in 1919,
division,
Portugal
tractors
a tank
on hand were
76
until the
FT tanks purchased
and security
was acquired
one
in
in training
cars.
for
two 12-tank
remained
dozen
real.
to have
Carriers
and
36 having been
single-turret)
tanks,
delivered by
These appear
supply 24
Paraguay
to
II
1944, although
as the
late
all
its
damaged,
followed
one twin)
single turret,
Mk VI MG carriers. In
six
more
M3A1
but
Army
Carden-Loyd
and
reconditioned Valentine
after
theories of
light tanks),
modern
to
Peru
An early convert
Marmon-
to build
roles. In
1937
300 Renault
albeit
a license
UE armored
at the
Malaxa
the supply of
vehicle
126
critical
in
223
JANE'S
Left:h
vehicles, including
TNH-series from
tankette
CKD. All
fell
through. In
partial
their holdings in
October 1 94 1
the
first
04 more
StuG
III in
By mid- 942
1
Romanian tank
to
half of 1944.
it
Germany appears
to have
first
donated about 50
stocks in the
half of 1941.
in
CKD and
but
AH-IV tankettes,
,
to
be
known
for
CKD for 35
locally as the
126 S-II-aR
R-
(a
as
1937-38.
the R-2.
It
was
hoped
to
fleet
had
in
Malaxa
to establish a plant to
co-produce 200
these vehicles
to
import 41 of
the supply.
in
1939
The Romanians
of Skoda and
CKD/BMM
to provide
much
help.
to design
some
on the
to the early
initially
gun power
insufficient
February 1939.
The
known
December 1938
was
it
944.
PzKw
2 each
sold in
ill
stopgap
mount
to
chose theT-60
andT-60A chassis,
since
booty,
and the
known
as the
Ml 936 L/51
captured
gun.
The
result
was
BT tanks, while
FH.2 model.
34
An
943.
Twenty
first
half of 1 944.
role.
This
45mm Soviet
tank gun in place of the short 37mm piece. In
turret
forward to accommodate a
lost,
so
weapon
224
tank destroyer
(PMK)
Right: Spanish
weapon.
PzKw
WORLD WAR
tanks on parade
German/Czech
five
Hetzer, was
begun
in
known
1943 and
as the
Series
cancelled
continued
sides.
Allies,
Romania
no
Spain
The
first
of Spanish forces
Morocco
in
in
with
1 1
On
18
920s included
seven
six
Model 1923
disasters. In
Schneider
St.
CA- 1
in the
tanks and
diamond wheel/track
version of the
Armored
cars
were procured
in
battalions,
an American
made
tanks,
the
first
German-
88
PzKw I
command
A and
tanks. Italy
German and
Italian, that
the
armored
had been
the
and 291
totalled
1931).
formed
armored
arrived in
lor the
May 1938
The
to
latter,
and 27 gun-armed
combination of Pz
Is
andT-26s,
in the
2nd
turret.
and one of 14
new armored
car
group.
equipment
Republican
civil
the
war brought
shipment of 50T-26
USSR arrived in
total
unloaded
were
in
March 1938.
also delivered in
a flood
On the
was
In addition, 50
BT-5s
but none
225
JANE'S
light
tank
in
Switzerland
later
the
army
940. As
rolls in
March
trials in
light tanks
six
a search
armored
cars.
937
and 20
PzKw IVH
Chevrolet
Ills.
cars), a light
squadron (10T-26).
to strength
other items, 50
which
among
10 StuG-IIIG.
German
establishing an
officially
done
The
1st
Armored
reconnaissance battalion.
the 10
StuGs were
them
Right:Vne
on
difficult)'
Pzw 39 with
AA mount
its
of transporting
With
medium
tanks;
60 L3
937 armored
On arrival
tank
PzKw
the
cars;
16 T-26B
tankettes; 80
and 10 StuG
company of
to
vehicles in each
these
cannon.
contract for
24
vehicles
was placed
twelve
first
in
Pzw 39 were
The
remainder
fitted their
locally-designed
24mm
Swiss
The
assault
school of artillery.
Pzw39
gun mounted
The
first
92 1
as in a
chassis with a
German Marder,
Switzerland
purchased
Germany
for,
PzKw I A/B,
assure
in 1942,
To
Germany
226
park consisted of 93
was launched
A competition between
in the
and the
Model 35
75m
but
it
A second prototype,
in
1944 bur
also
SP 2pdr AA guns on
proved
WORLD WAR II
display
dead-end.
Thailand
The
first
1929 when 10
Mk VI
machine gun
carriers
loyal Vickers
purchasing
six
armored
cars (on
years,
6x4 Morris
8mm MG)
1930
in
lor
November 1932
for
became
tracked,
the world's
armored
January 1933,
it
first
purchaser of a
anti-aircraft vehicle
when,
in
bought 26 thinly-armored
to
October
933.
to Vickers to
and 10
Mk VI
trailers, these
machine gun
being delivered
1938
for 12
more
war
in
the
Europe.
delivery of 36
Type 95
the supply
from
taking
Turkey
in
1933
tanks, five
armored
cars.
caused
this
Britain 16
R-35
made
available in the
form ol 170
Stuarts,
Stuarts
in
500 Shermans
By
this time,
to
also requested
divisions.
Germany, and
Left:
A Vickers medium
inspection
a general shortage
in
of armored
MG carriers at
Thailand
^K
227
JANE'S
1940
M3
1943
1944
1945
50
Renault R-35
British Light
1942
1.941
MkVIB
further 48 in
16
Stuart
920 and
NC-
23
354
100
22
Valentine
Sherman
34
PzKwIII
22
PzKw IVH
22
Bishop SP 25pdr
48
man
crew and a
938. These
Turkey
to
After the
fall
in
and Valentines,
all
tired vehicles
from the
Persia/Iraq theaters,
that were
no longer
fit
for service.
945,
war
the 1st
until late in
and 34
the
M3A1
light
all
in the
Mk IX.
between
H-35
light
Two Carden-Loyd
Italians
and
Venezuela
in
tank battalion.
in
delivery of six
half-
purchased
Uruguay
in the
Mk VI MG
carriers
were
tracks
US
The Valentines,
M3A1
armored vehicles
year,
until the
US
and
Stuarts (five
scout
car.
1945 an additional 40
to
Left:
One
of eight
Skoda
(PMK)
Index
229
NDEX
Page references in
tions.
Where an
illustration
is
immediately
is
AMR-33
AMR-35
scout tank 81
Bison heavy
scout tank 81
anti-aircraft vehicles
Britain
45-46
28,
cm
Pak(t) auf
PzKw
anti-tank vehicle
IB self-propelled
105
self-propelled
assault carriers,
armored
cars
Britain
Bison heavy
fire
37L
tractor
83
127, 133
United States
38-40
45
Forces
17-19
prewar tanks
Sweden 181
187,188
tanks 32
25-26
26
Union 157-158,167-170
Sweden 180
Austria 214,
57
Brummbar armored
BT
fast
assault carrier
tank 164
Bulgaria 216
215
Avenger tank 26
Canada
Carden-Loyd
AEC
BA-10 armored
armored car 44
214
tankette 66
medium
tank 80
Britain 28-29,
car
159, 171
France 83
BA-20 armored
car
170
Italy
BA-64 armored
car
171
Japan 145
Beaverette 28
195-196
carrier
19,
carriers
bis
19-20
guns 4
133
carriers,
126-127, 131-333
Soviet
20-23, 33-37
20, 30-32
light tanks
193-194, 209-210
guns
Italy
28-29, 46-47
medium
Hungary 121
34
guns 25-26
Union 158-159,170-171
Army Ground
28
27-28, 42-44
cars
B-l
Afghanistan 213,
230
AH-IV
assault
armored
carriers
Britain
armored
27-28,42-44
armored personnel
A9 cruiser tank 33
A10 cruiser tank 33
Al 1 infantry tank 38
A12 infantry tank 38
AB
anti-aircraft vehicles
cruiser tanks
assault
45-46
anti-aircraft tanks
Sweden 180-181
120
47
Carrier
17-47
Hungary
Soviet
cruiser tank
Germany 105
Poland 149
Gun
Britain
216
215-216
Al 3
Bren
France 81-82
self-pro-
106
armored
106
anti-tank vehicle
214
Argentina 213-214,
II
Brazil
67-69
light tanks
Bolivia 215,
69
anti-aircraft tanks
given.
fire
46-47
127
Sweden 181
Cavalier tank 35
80
46
59-60
105
INDEX
Dingo scout
Centaur tank 36
Dodge armored
Challenger tank 37
car 61
Germany 84-113
76
car
CharB-1 tank 72
UE
armored
assault carriers
armored
cars
94, 109-1
assault
East Africa
captured vehicles 95
Chi-Hetank 143
Ecuador 218
Eire
Chenillette
83
Chile 216-217
El
183
11,
16-17, 24, 40
Churchill tank
57
pre-war 85-86
218
Salvador 216
Elefant assault
gun 102
Estonia 218-219
141
fast tanks,
36
Soviet
light
Union 164
combined-arms operations 14
Comet tank
37
20, 23,
57
States
102
219
Finland 219-220,
Firefly
Cromwell tank 36
flame-thrower tanks
26
20-23, 33-37
armored
cars
Crusader tank 35
car
121
tank 200
81-82
83
cavalry tanks
80
infantry vehicles
Czechoslovakia 62-69
light tanks
light tanks
D
D
medium
67-69
66
tank 79
medium
carriages,
Guy Wheeled
Light
Tank 27
H-35 tank 74
H-39
light
Haiti
216
tank 77
hah- tracks
71-73
77-79
tanks 79-80
scout tanks 81
United
Hamilcar
94, 111-113
States
glider
192-193,207-208
19, 31
tracked tractors 83
Italy
Soviet
wartime production 75
Union 156-157,165-166
Free France 76
Denmark
Hetzer tank 69
FT
177, 18
United States
206-207
Germany
76
Free France
Cuba 216
tankettes
gun motor
carriers
Csaba armored
68
Grille tank
151,152
France 70-83
light
Greece 220
Guatemala 216
tank 25
Croatia 218
CTLS
12
86-90, 96-100
tanks
tank 70-71, 79
Federated Malay
size
105-
107-108
FCM
crew
92-93
programme 18
expertise-expansion
93-
94, 109
106
cars
Japan
94-95, 111-113
half-tracks
Colombia 218
combat
105
1
light
tank 77
190,
204
231
NDEX
Centurion
17
CKDTNH
Comet
IS
IS U-
37
23,
ISU-152
Jagdpanther 104
Italy
PzKwV
98
PzKw VI
100
Tiger
guns
carriers
Ho-Ni
self-propelled
Ho-Ro
self-propelled howitzer
145
medium
145
129-130
RSI 128
77
tanks
car 27,
Hummel
Lend-Lease
124-126
108
04
Hungary
assault
guns
light tanks
medium
121
121
tanks
Japan
120
self-propelled guns
134-145
cars
light tanks
artillery
India
II
self-propelled
107
50, 56, 61
135
141
14
medium
tanks
pre-war
134-135
142-143
self-propelled guns
144-145
tankettes
140
23-24,38-40
Union 164
France 77-79
Italy
129
141
Soviet
149
Union 153-154,161-162
185-186,197-200
United States
Soviet
20, 30-32
Britain
Poland
infantry tanks
Japan
Britain
03
Hungary 119
chaotic production
combat
Czechoslovakia 67-69
145
carriers
104
1 1
45
light tanks
67-69
119
Union 159-160
cars
24-25
Britain
Soviet
Hungary 114-121
armored
128
self-propelled artillery
80
Latvia 221
127
43
Humberette 28
self-propelled artillery
Humber armored
pre-war 123-124
11,
180
29
Honduras 216
Hotchkiss tank
127-128
car
armored car 82
Laffly
tanks
tankettes
129
tank
light
L-180 armored
27
light tanks
(Italy)
127, 133
personnel carrier
106
232
L3 tankette 128
foreign-built vehicles
Ho-Ha armored
L3 tank
158, 170
L6
cars
124
170
122-133
assault
Somua S-35 74
gun
assault
armored
Panther 99
Hetzer 69
PzKwlV
218
64
Lithuania 221
Locust tank
Lorraine
37L
99
tractor
83
Covenanter 21
Iran
220-221, 220
Kama
Iraq
221,227
KV
proving ground 85
FT
light
tank 77
LT-35
light
tank 62-63, 67
LT-38
light tank
67
INDEX
LVT
196, 210-
M 17 anti-aircraft half-track
206
32
Britain
France 79-80
Ml 8
Ml 8
M22
M24
M26
M36
Malaya 57
Mexico 222
Manchukuo 222
Mobelwagen
211
Lynx armored
car
177, 188
M
m/31 tank 176
Hungary 119
personnel carrier
Japan
142-143
Soviet
Union
200
light tank
II
mark
tank 45
light anti-aircraft
light
mark
M2 half-track 207-208
M2 light tank 184, 197
M2 medium tank 201
M3 half-track 182-183, 192,207-208
M3 Lee/Grant medium tank 20
M3 light tank 198
M3 scout car 209
M4 half track 207-208
M4 Sherman medium tank 186, 202
M5 halftrack 207-208
M5 light tank 199
M7 howitzer 195
M7 self-propelled artillery 205
M8 armored car 15, 210
M8 self-propelled artillery 205
M9 half track 207-208
mark
II
mark VII
mark VII
light
light
gun
car
anti-aircraft
62- 1 63
tank
109
45
80
197
tank 197
129
tank 30
45
mark
II
mark
II
light
mark
II
mark
III
mark
III light
mark
III
Ostwind
gun
120
anti-aircraft tank
109
self-propelled
16-17,
P- 1 6 armored car
24,40
mark IV
cruiser tank
mark IV
light tank
light tank
mark VI Crusader
mark VI
light
mark VIII
34
Panhard
30
V Covenanter cruiser
mark V
54
34
tank 30
mark IV Churchill
mark
Nicaragua 216
Nimrod
tank 30
cruiser tank
New
33
cruiser tank
106
mark
assault
combat
54- 1 56,
Nashorn
33
cruiser tank
mark
Ml
Ml
Morris
Marder tank 68
m/43
129-130
Italy
199
106
m/42 armored
190
carriage
Marder
motor gun
Hellcat
tank 34
35
tank 18, 30
tank 31
light
tank 31
78 armored car 82
Panther tank 99
Persia
220-221, 220
Peru 223
Poland
146-149
armored
lis;hr
cars
149
149
tanks
148
Marmon-Herrington
tankettes
armored car 58
Portugal 223,
CTLS
light
pre-war
tanks
191-192
tank 200
Paraguay 223
30
cruiser tank
74, 8
223
Britain tanks
17-19
medium
Germany 85-86
tanks
19-20
233
INDEX
123-124
Italy
Soviet
134-135
SdKfz 140
Union 151-153
japan
SdKfz 142
Union 155
United States
assault
gun
101
assault
SdKfz 184
assault
assault carrier
102
Shinhoto Chi-Ha
SdKfz 223
light
armored
Singapore 57
Slovakia
car
R-40
light tank
78
SdKfz 250
armored
light
10
tank 79
light
SdKfz 261
light
car
Germany
m/43
assault
92-93
gun 180
105-106
SdKh
Britain
121 tank 96
107
26
Germany
artillery
Italy
108
93, 107-108
127
Britain
156-157,165-166
164
infantry tanks
159-160
Lend-Lease
medium
153-154, 161-162
tanks
154-156,162-163
Germany
tank destroyers
157-158,169
225
self-propelled guns
artillery
164
Spain 225-226,
self-propelled artillery
157-158,167-170
pre-war 151-153
tanks
light tanks
Germany
158-159,170-171
cars
heavy tanks
110
93-94, 109
Sav
14,
fast
Union 151-171
armored
assaultguns
SdKfz 260
42
41
Hungary 120
181
66
59
Soviet
half-track
113
car
personnel carrier
Royce armored
tank 143
202
110
half-track 94,
medium armored
186, 188,
1 1
111-112
SdKfz 25
Hummel
108
medium
108
III/IV
light
Renault
PzKw
SdKfz 222
78
tank 59
18/1 auf
109
26
light
light tank
Ram
sFH
SdKfz 221
artillery
self-propelled artillery
car
133
sFH
11-12
105
artillery
gun 132
self-propelled artillery
R-35
radio
108
gun 102
gun
assault
Sexton self-propelled
artillery
234
Semoventi 90 self-propelled
Semoventi 105
131
144-145
87
production tonnage
Japan
69
anti-aircraft tank
Straussler,
Miklos
Straussler,
Nicholas 20
Strv
m/37
115, 118
tankette
174, 178
Strv
175, 178
INDEX
T-80
light rank
UE
Soviet
Sturmpanzer IV armored
assault carrier
105
Czechoslovakia 66
SU-12
Japan 140
SU- 1 5
SU-76
assault
gun
67
Poland
assault
gun
67
Sweden 178
SU-85
assault
148
Thailand 227,227
180-181
181
226
200
tank 200
T-17 armored
car
209
T26
tank
pre-war 183-185
194-195, 205
self-propelled artillery
100
tank destroyers
148
190-191, 203-204
119
Uruguay 228
Transjordan 57
178
Switzerland 226-227,
light
186-189,201-202
ranks
178-179
light tank
185-186, 197-200
15, 89,
TK tankette
Toldi tank
181
tankettes
T14
T16
Tiger rank
guns 180
carriers
tanks
carriers
light tanks
medium
Tetrarch tank 31
armored personnel
size)
Sweden 178-179
Sweden 172-181
cars
189-190,203
Sudan 57, 57
armored
206-207
192-193,207-208
heavy tanks
124-126
Italy
169
carriages
half-tracks
169
gun 168
assault
191-192
gun 168
destroyer
197
cars
gun motor
128
gun 167
SU-100 tank
combat
193-194, 209-210
cars
assault
assault
armored
tankettes
Italy
195-196
amphibians
gun 102
Sturmgeschutz IV assault gun 102
Chenillette 83
25-26,41
Britain
90, 101
SU- 122
162
tank destroyers
Turkey 227
Venezuela 228
type
type
144
Vickers carriers 47
type 3
Vickers
type 4
Ho-Ro
type 89
medium
type 92
combat
tank
car
type 94 tankette
163
medium E rank 32
self-propelled howitzer
type 2
145
189
10, 137,
142
Windsor
carrier
Wirbehvind
141
60
anti-aircraft
tank
109
138, 140
141
T-37
light tank
161
type 97
T-38
light
tank
161
T-40
light
tank 161
T-60
light
tank
161
type 97 tankette
T-70
light tank
162
medium
Chi-Ha
Yugoslavia
227,227
tank 143
140
141
121
235
Production tables
236
PRODUCTION TABLES
armored
27
Britain
Czechoslovakia 64
assault
half-tracks,
Soviet
21,
22
France 73
armored
27
cars
light tanks
orders pre-war
scout cars 27
self-propelled artillery
Britain 22
Czechoslovakia 64
tank destroyers 25
Soviet
tanks by firm 21
United
medium
22
variants
carriers, Britain
216
21,
22
armored
half-tracks
Britain
19
heavy tanks
France
73
light tanks
medium
93
92
94
Commonwealth 24
1
93
87
187
tanks
187
137
Union 154
scout cars
193, 194
self-propelled artillery
195
shipments destinations 25
shipments to Caribbean 216
27
guns 91
94
196
193,194
cars
Britain
64
Germany 88
types),
exports to British
scout cars
Germany
(all
armored
Zealand 50
United States
Union 155
Soviet
France 73, 76
25
tanks
Japan
Czechoslovakia 64
160
Germany 86
22
177
tanks
87
pre-war
29
conversions, Britain
New
216
States
160
176
tankettes, Czechoslovakia
Union 155
Soviet
155
Canada 50
177
Germany
21, 22
Britain
26
cars
export orders
Britain
light tanks
19
155
tank destroyers
Union 160
Soviet
22
pre-war
54
tanks
Free France 76
24-25
Lend-Lease
24-25
Britain
22
infantry tanks
tanks
armored
Lend-Lease
22
cruiser tanks
155
medium
Sweden
wartime 139
conversions 22
160
137
pre-war
29
carriers
155
Lend-Lease
Japan
guns 25
heavy tanks
self-propelled guns
127
Italy
Union
light tanks
infantry tanks
Britain
Union 155
South Africa 50
Union 155
Britain
Soviet
50
India
91
assault
93
Hungary 117
25
Australia 50
States
Germany
assault
tanks pre-war 86
Soviet
guns
Britain
Britain
Germany 93
heavy tanks
Germany 94
26
tanks 88
77
armored
self-propelled artillery
tank destroyers 91
cars
Germany 94
Germany
160
90
tracked amphibians
196
92
237
Jane's
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All the
Combat vehicles
of
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Covers tanks, personnel carriers, scout vehicles, mortar carriers and armoured
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Over 200 vehicle profiles providing detailed technical data and production
alongside summaries of the vehicles' capabilities and points of vulnerability
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World War
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