Symposium on Emerging Trends in Electronics 9:40-10:30, Dec.

2, 2014

Organic-Transistor Based Systems

and Platforms
Takayasu Sakurai
Center for Collaborative Research,
University of Tokyo
E-mail: tsakurai@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp
http://lowpower.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/

T.Sakurai

Outline
Organic transistor based systems
Large-area electronics applications
Bio-compatible applications
Other nano-electronics devices
What is lacking : platform for systems

T.Sakurai

Acknowledgement (organic FET part)

Circuits and systems design

T. Sakurai

H. Kawaguchi M. Takamiya

K. Ishida

H. Fuketa

Process and device technologies (team Someya)

Yokota

Sekitani
Someya

The University of Tokyo & JST/ERATO

T.Sakurai

Electronics to support peoples life

Organic electronics: more physical-space apps
Transportation

Rescue
Disaster
Prevention

Travel
Building

Cyber-space

Automotive

healthcare
City
Environment

Physical space
Home

Body

Agriculture

Medical
Education

Robot
Natural user interface
IoT, IoE, CPS, M2M, Ambient, Swarm, whatever you name it

T.Sakurai

Flexible organic electronics

Message Boards

Flat Panel
Display

Gyricon

Organic LED Display

Samsung

Sony

OLED Lighting

Organic RFID tag

OSRAM

Poly IC

Organic Photovoltaic
Sensors
University of Tokyo

Wearable
Electronics
Pioneer

Heliatek

T.Sakurai

Organic transistor

Advantages
Low-cost manufacturing for large area
(Cost per transistor > 104 of Si)
Mechanical flexibility
Disadvantages
Low density
Low speed

(<10-4 of Si: 10nm vs 10m)

(<10-4 of Si: 100GHz vs kHz )
T.Sakurai

VDS-IDS characteristics
Modeled by level 1 SPICE MOS model with 200k
30

L=100m
W=2mm
VGS= -40V

IDS [A]

20

Pentacene (PMOS)
Organic semiconductor

Insulator (polyimide)

Source

Gate

-30V

10

-20V

Measurement
Model simulation
Level 1 SPICE
MOS model
S
200k
G
200k
D

-10V
Drain

0
-40

-30

-20
VDS [V]

-10

Cadence layout tools

T.Sakurai

Organic semiconductors
P-type: low molecular weight
S
Pentacene
1 cm2/Vs
(stable and high mobility)

F
F

N
Cu N
N
N
N
N

S
-6T

Cu-Pc

N-type: low molecular weight

F
F

F3C

CF

0.7cm2/Vs

perfluoropentacene

trifluoromethylphenyl groups

Polymer: soluble
C8F17

C8F17
S

0.02 cm2/Vs

poly(9,9'-n-dioctylfluorene-alt-bithiophene) (F8T2)
T.Sakurai

Double-gate OFET and control of VTH

By adding one more gate, VTH can be controlled.

S.Iba,T.Sekitani,Y.Kato,T.Someya, S.Takagi, H.Kawaguchi, M.Takamiya, T.Sakurai, Control
of threshold voltage of organic field-effect transistors with double-gate structures,
T.Sakurai
Applied Physics Letters 87,023509, 2005.

Bending proof
-30

More than 50,000 cycles!!

Bending proof

I DS ( A)

-20

-10
radius = 20, 10,
5, 2, 1, 0.5 mm
0
20

10

-10 -20 -30 -40 -50

V
(V)
GS

Normalized IDS

1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0

2mmflat 2mm
flat 2mmflat
10

100 1000 10

10

# of bending cycles

Less than 3% of IDS change for bending over 0.5mm radius

No IDS change for 50k cycles of bending & flattening
T.Sakurai

Heat cycles
/ 0 (Mobility change)

2.0

Measurement temperature: 30 oC

1.5

In N2 (Parylene)

Parylene:10m
Cu

1.0

D
Gate

In air

0.5

(Parylene/Metal)

Base film

In air (Parylene)

50
100 150 200 250
o
Annealing temperature ( C)
Up to 150C with good encapsulation
T.Sakurai

Organic TFTs with SAM

Source
2.1 nm

P OH
OH

Al gate
Substrate

Drain

T.Someya with Hitach

Hitech Ltd.

Pentacene (pMOS)
F16CuPc (nMOS)
SAM (2 nm)

VOUT (V)

Gain=42

Pentacene
SAM (2 nm)
AlOx (4 nm)

1
00

Al (18 nm)
1
VIN (V)

10 nm
* SAM: Phosphonic acid-based self-assembled monolayers

Substrate
T.Sakurai

Technical advances in organic circuits

Year
Target
FET VDD
ISSCC
2004 e-Skin
PMOS 40V
Scanner
2005
PMOS 40V
Sheet
Braille
2006
PMOS 40V
Sheet
Wireless
2007
PMOS 40V
Power
Comm.
2008
PMOS 30V
Sheet
EMI
2009
CMOS 2V
Furoshiki
2010 FPGA paper CMOS 2V

New
New
technology
circuits
FET on plasticActive matrix
Logic
Photo-diode
Double WL/BL
Double gate SRAM
Arti. mussle Adaptive VTH
Plastic
Diff. amp.
MEMS
Level shifter
Organic
NVRAM
+Si LSI
SAM
OTFT+Si MOS
Stretch wire Direct connect
Printing wire FPGA arch.
T.Sakurai

Non-volatile memory using double SAM gates

SAM
Al
AlOx
SAM
Al
AlOx

T.Someya: IEDM09

Floating gate

T.Sakurai

Organic FETs (OFETs) vs. Silicon

Organic FETs Si MOSFETs

Normalized ON current

20 m
Flexible, thin &
stretchable
3 nA / m @ 3 V

1 mA / m @ 1 V

Gate delay

0.1 s @ 3 V

10 ps @ 1 V

Cost / area

Low

High

Cost / transistor

High

Low

Lifetime

Months

Years

Minimum gate length

Mechanical flexibility

45 nm
Very limited

Large-area electronics
Bio-compatible applications
T.Sakurai

Unique manufacturing process:

Printing large-area
organic transistor array

T.Sakurai

Manufacturing process

T.Sakurai

Printable electronics
Screen printing

T.Sakurai18

Inkjet printing
Gate electrodes & Word line
28 x 28 cm2

Gate electrodes : 45 x 45
Word line : 45 lines

3 mm
T.Sakurai

Examples of organic circuits & systems

T.Sakurai

Large-Area OFET Applications

T.Sakurai

Large-area electronics
Human-scale interfaces

E-skin
IEDM03
ISSCC04

Comm sheet
Braille display
Sheet scanner
Power sheet
IEDM04
ISSCC05

IEDM05
ISSCC06

IEDM06
ISSCC07

IEDM07
ISSCC08

Organics + Si co-design
Pressure sensors + OFETs
Actuators + OFETs
Photodetectors + OFETs
Coils + MEMS + OFETs

T.Sakurai

Large-area electronics
Human-scale interfaces

Hyper-skin
IEDM08

Organic FPGA
Energy Harvester
Power meter
EMI Furoshiki
ISSCC09

ISSCC10

ISSCC11

System on a film
Org CMOS + Si CMOS
direct communication
Sheet-type ultrasonic
Manufacturing IC
sensing without touch
at home with printer

ISSCC12
Energy harvesting

T.Sakurai

Large-area electronics

Electromyogram
Flexible bio-sensor
ISSCC13
Human vital data
measurement

ISSCC14

ISSCC??

Solution for totally wireless

System: energy, data,
Sensor & ESD protection

T.Sakurai

E-skin: large-area pressure sensor

T.Someya, H.Kawaguchi, T.Sakurai, "Integration of Organic Filed-Effect Transistors and Rubbery

Pressure Sensor for Artificial Skin Applications, IEDM, 8.4.1-8.4.4, Sept. 2003.
T.Someya, H.Kawaguchi, T.Sakurai, "Cut-and-Paste Organic FET Customized ICs for Application to
Artificial Skin," ISSCC'05, paper#16.2, Feb. 2004.

T.Sakurai

Artificial Skin Systems

Pressure sensitive
rubbery sheet

Top electrode

Column selectors

16 x 16 FET matrix

Row decoders

T.Someya, H.Kawaguchi, T.Sakurai, "Cut-and-Paste Organic FET Customized ICs for

Application to Artificial Skin," ISSCC'05, paper#16.2, Feb. 2004.
T.Sakurai

Cut-and-paste feature (16x16 sencels)

16x16 FET matrix

Row
decoders

Row
decoder
s

VCO

Register
16x16
files
matrix

1.2mm
Column
selectors

Column selectors
T.Sakurai

Cut-and-paste feature (convex shape)

Convex sencel matrix

Row
decoders

Row
decoder
s

VCO

Register
Convex
files
matrix

1.2mm
Column

4x4
matrix

selectors

Column selectors
T.Sakurai

Photograph of artificial skin system

Row
decoders

40mm

Cuttable here

40mm

16x16
sensor
matrix

Connecting
tapes
4 x 4 version

Widened wires for

connecting tapes

Column
selectors &
output

Cuttable
here
T.Sakurai

Scalable circuit (row decoder)

R3R3 R2R2 R1R1

1 out of 16
row decoders
Sencels
R R V GND
0

DD

R1R1 R0R0

1 out of 4
row decoders
Sencels
V GND
DD

3
D0 D1 D2 D3

C
D
E
F
D0 D1 D2 D3

T.Sakurai

Access time measurement

Decoder-out (word line)
23ms
20V
40V
Without pressure

Bit-out (DX)
(bit line)
With
pressure
Measurement

Voltage [V]

40

21ms
3ms 10V

20V

0
Time [ms]

L=100m
L=25m
Simulation

R x , Cx

40V

40V

R, C

50V

Decoder-out &
bit-out (Dx)

Access time in 16 x 16: 23ms

~2s (16 x 4 x 30ms) to scan sheet @ L=100m
~0.3s to scan sheet @ L=25m

-20V
40V

T.Sakurai

e-skin works for years by now

T.Sakurai

Braille display by organic FETs

Y.Kato, S.Iba, T.Sekitani, Y.Noguchi, K.Hizu, X.Wang, K.Takenoshita, Y.Takamatsu,

S.Nakano, K.Fukuda, K.Nakamura, T.Yamaue, M.Doi, K.Asaka, H.Kawaguchi, M.Takamiya,
T.Sakurai, and T.Someya, "A Flexible, Lightweight Braille Sheet Display with Plastic
Actuators Driven by An Organic Field-Effect Transistor Active Matrix," IEDM'05, Paper #5.1,
Dec.2005.
M.Takamiya, T.Sekitani, Y.Kato, H.Kawaguchi, T.Someya, and T.Sakurai, An Organic FET
SRAM for Braille sheet display with back gate to increase the static noise margin,
ISSCC06, Paper #15.4, Feb. 2005.

T.Sakurai

Conventional methods for Braille display

(A) Piezo

(B) Solenoid

Voltage input

Current input

Thick and heavy

~5cm / ~1kg
T.Sakurai

Plastic actuators (artificial muscle)

Up Braille dot

Actuator
Down

100F

Nafion

Equivalent circuit
Displacement takes seconds slooow to drive 144 dots.
T.Sakurai

Braille sheet display

Soft actuators powered by OTFT-AM
Lightweight

Thin

Flexible

Inexpensive

The displacement of
actuators to read
Braille is 0.2 mm.
T.Sakurai

Wireless power transmission sheet

with plastic MEMS switches and OFETs

T.Sekitani, M.Takamiya, Y.Noguchi, S.Nakano, Y.Kato, K.Hizu, H.Kawaguchi, T.Sakurai, and

T.Someya, "A large-area flexible wireless power transmission sheet using printed plastic
MEMS switches and organic field-effect transistors," Paper#11.1, IEDM 2006, Dec. 2006.
M.Takamiya, T.Sekitani, Y.Miyamoto, Y.Noguchi, H.Kawaguchi, T.Someya and T.Sakurai,
"Design Solutions for a Multi-Object Wireless Power Transmission Sheet Based on Plastic
Switches," Paper#20.4, ISSCC, Feb. 2007.

T.Sakurai

Position-sensing and selective activation

Large coil

Receiver coil
1 inch2
Efficiency ~ 0.1%
Electro- magnetic induction works

30x30 cm2 X 1 coil

Many coils
& one selected

Receiver coil
1 inch2
Efficiency > 60%

inch2

X 64 coils

Selective activation is the key.

T.Sakurai

MEMS switches
~ 5mm x 10mm

T.Sakurai

Making two coil sheets to one by circuit ideas

OBLSEL[2:0]

MBLSEL[2:0]
WL

3-to-8 Decoder

b0

b1

b7

SRAM

OWLSEL[2:0]

LS

LS

b7
SRAM

LS

SRAM

Data
out

c0

0V

On

3-to-8 Decoder
SRAM

LS

b0b1
a0
a1

LS

LS

LS

LS

LS

3-to-8 Decoder

BL

MEMS switch

Off

a7
c0

a0

3.5 13.56
MHz MHz

LS
LS
LS

3-to-8 Decoder

MWLSEL[2:0]

SRAM
a1
SRAM

RES

a7
SRAM
LS
LS: Level shifter

VMON

For lower cost

T.Sakurai

Wireless power transmission sheet

Contactless
Large-area & Low cost
position sensing

High power

Size : 21 x 21 cm2
Thickness : 1 mm
Weight : 50 g
Efficiency : 62.3%
Max received power : 29.3 W

Lightweight & Printable

T.Sakurai

Xmas tree w/o a battery wirelessly powered

21 LEDs
13.56 MHz
Received power : 2 W
T.Sakurai

Wirelessly powered room in the future

Providing infrastructure ubiquitous electronics

In the wall
TV on a wall
Mobile phone & PC & e-accessories
(data can be wireless but USBs wire delivers power)

In the table

Home-care robot

Ambient
illumination

Vacuum cleaner

In the
floor
T.Sakurai

No electrical shock

I touched it by my hand. No problem

T.Sakurai

Stretchable wire with carbon nanotube

Current control > 500 mA

30mm, 12

Pull

42mm, 17

Stretch (+40%)
T.Sakurai

Carbon
nanotubes

Elastic conductors
Fluorinated copolymer

10 nm
Ionic liquids

R = n-C4H9,
X=(CF3SO2)2N

48

T. Sekitani & T. Someya, Nature Materials (2009).

T.Sakurai

2V Organic & Si CMOS collaboration

3input to 8output CMOS decoder
A2
A2
A0
A0
SEL

ISSCC 2009

Binary-code input from PC

output

Sel. 7
Sel. 6
Sel. 5
Sel. 4
Sel. 3
Sel. 2

To Si
CMOS
LSI

Sel. 1

4.6mm

Sel. 0

20.2mm

128 CMOS (256 organic TFTs)

T.Sakurai

Prototype of EMI measurement sheet

Rubber sheet
(Silicone elastomer)

Antenna coil
12cm

Si CMOS LSI
EMI
measurement
circuit
Stretchable
Interconnect
(CNTs)

2V organic CMOS decoder circuits

K. Ishida, N. Masunaga, Z. Zhou, T. Yasufuku, T. Sekitani, U. Zschieschang, H. Klauk, M.
Takamiya, T. Someya, and T. Sakurai, "A Stretchable EMI Measurement Sheet with 8 x 8 Coil
Array, 2V Organic CMOS Decoder, and -70dBm EMI Detection Circuits in 0.18um CMOS,"
T.Sakurai
ISSCC'09, paper#28.3, Feb.2009.

EMI measurement sheet EMI Furoshiki

Conventional

Proposed

Probe

EMI

Mechanical
scan

Wrap

Analog

DC to DC converter
Magnetic field probe

EMI measurement sheet

Easy without mechanical scan

K. Ishida, N. Masunaga, Z. Zhou, T. Yasufuku, T. Sekitani, U.Zschieschang, H. Klauk, M. Takamiya, T.

Someya, and T. Sakurai, "A Stretchable EMI Measurement Sheet with 8 x 8 Coil Array, 2V Organic CMOS
Decoder, and -70dBm EMI Detection Circuits in 0.18um CMOS," ISSCC'09, paper#28.3, pp.472-473,
Feb.2009.

T.Sakurai

Movie of proposed EMI measurement

No EMI

EMI detected
T.Sakurai

EMI measurement

T.Sakurai

Integrated circuit fabricated by

home-use printer

Ink is provided by Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd.

K.Ishida, N.Masunaga, R.Takahashi, T.Sekitani, S.Shino, U.Zschieschang, H.Klauk, M.Takamiya,
T.Someya, T.Sakurai, "User Customizable Logic Paper (UCLP) with Organic Sea-of
Transmission-Gates (SOTG) Architecture and Ink-Jet Printed Interconnects," ISSCC'10,
T.Sakurai
Paper#7.3, Feb. 2010.

Prototype of Logic paper

Paper with via array
Interconnects are
customized by Ink-jet printer

Film with
10x10 organic CMOS
Sea of Transmission Gates
Each user can fabricate ones own logic circuits
by ink-jet printing interconnects on paper.

T.Sakurai

Interconnection customized paper is stacked

on plastic Sea of Transmission Gates

T.Sakurai

Ink-jet printed interconnects

Ink-jet printing

Nozzle

Conductive Ag
nanoparticle ink
Interconnects
formed under
room temperature

Paper

Ink-jet printer

Pre-coated
nanoconductive base

200m

L/S = 200m/200m
200m

Via hole

Printed interconnects
UCLP

Sheet resistance: 0.2/square

Via resistance: 2.7/via.

57

T.Sakurai

Schematic of SOTG unit cell

VDD

PSW
PSW

VSS
IN
L :20m
W:150m

p-switch
OUT
n-switch

6 transistors
4 terminals

NSW
Transistor-level schematic

= IN

OUT

PSW and NSW can

be connect to VSS,
NSW
VDD, and any signals.
Symbol definition

SOTG unit cell includes a couple of complementary

transmission gates and 4 terminals.
T.Sakurai

Comparison of unit logic cell

SOTG

3mm

6mm

9mm

Gate array

3mm

S
Via

Via

6mm

9mm

Number of transistors
Number of vias
Area*

Gate array
(Conventional)
4
9
81mm2

SOTG
(This work)
6
4
36mm2

*Calculated on a fixed via spacing of 3mm.

T.Sakurai

8x8 SOTG cell array

73mm
PSW

OUT

IN

NSW

6mm

pMOS LED driver

VDD

VSS
73mm

6mm

8 x 8 SOTG cell array

pMOS LED driver

PSW

OUT

IN

NSW

Fabricated organic CMOS on polyimide film

T.Sakurai

Examples of logic function in SOTG

VDD

VDD

VSS

AB

AB+AB
AB
VSS
A

Y
Inverter

VSS

VDD
A

Y
Buffer

A
B

Exclusive OR

Buffer can be implemented with one unit cell.

Any 2-input logic function can be implemented
with only 2 cells.
T.Sakurai

D flip flop in SOTG

D

VSS

VSS

CK

VDD
Latch (Master)

VDD
Latch (Slave)

Configuration of D-flip flop (Positive edge triggered)

A D-flip flop can be implemented with 4 unit cells.

T.Sakurai

Power monitoring of each electric outlet

Past

Current commercial
AC power meter

Large size, hard...

Future
(This work)

Flexible, low cost...

Printable organic devices on flexible films have

potential to realize low-cost System-on-a-Film.
K.Ishida, T-C Huang, K.Honda, T.Sekitani, H.Nakajima, H.Maeda, M.Takamiya, T.Someya,
T.Sakurai, "100V AC Power Meter System-on-a-Film (SoF) Integrating 20V Organic CMOS
Digital and Analog Circuits with Floating Gate for Process-Variation Compensation and
100V Organic PMOS Rectifier," ISSCC'11, paper#12.2, pp.218-219, Feb.2011.

T.Sakurai

100V AC power meter: System-on-a-Film (SoF)

Analog circuits (20V organic
CMOS with floating gate)
AC connector

Rectifiers
(100V organic PMOS)
Bar indicator (OLED)
Logic circuits (20V organic CMOS)
T.Sakurai

Organic 100V AC power meter (SoF)

T.Sakurai

Organic insole pedometer

Energy harvester for wearable systems
2V organic circuits
22cm

PVDF* sheet
(Piezoelectric
energy harvester)
*PVDF:Polyvinylidene difluoride
K.Ishida, T-C.Huang, K.Honda, Y.Shinozuka, H.Fuketa, T.Yokota, U.Zschieschang, H.Klauk,
G.Tortissier, T.Sekitani, M.Takamiya, H.Toshiyoshi, T.Someya, T.Sakurai, "Insole Pedometer with
Piezoelectric Energy Harvester and 2V Organic Digital and Analog Circuits, " ISSCC'12,
T.Sakurai
Paper#18.1, Feb. 2012.

Proposed insole pedometer

K. Ishida, et al., ISSCC 2012

Insole
pedometer

Stepping on

PVDF for
power supply
Pulses

PVDF for
pulse generation
(step detection)

Pulse shaping
Count up the number of pulses ( =steps)
T.Sakurai

Harvesting experiment

I touched it by my hand. No problem

T.Sakurai

Bio-compatible applications
with flexible OFETs

T.Sakurai

Integrated on skin with 5m thickness

500m

100m

36m

Dae-Hyeong Kim, John A. Rogers, et al., Science 333, 838 (2011).

5m

Thickness

T.Sakurai

Amazing robustness: Crumpling

10

-5

10

-6

10

-7

10

-8

10

-9

VDS=-2 V
Before
crumpling

After
crumpling

10

-5

10

-6

10

-7

10

-8

10

-9

IGS (A)

-IDS (A)

Minimum bending radius 5m

10

-10

10

-10

10

-11

10

-11

10

-12

10
-2

-12

0.5

-0.5 -1 -1.5
V GS (V)
T.Sakurai

From Robotics to Human

Robotics E-skins
2003

Bionic Skins
2013

Thickness1/1000

t=12 mm
T. Someya et al., IEDM #8.4, 203 (2003).
T. Someya et al., PNAS 101, 9966 (2004).
T. Someya et al., PNAS 102, 12321 (2005).

t=2m
M. Kaltenbrunner, et al., Nature 499, 458 (2013).

T.Sakurai

Electromyogram measurement sheet

Prosthetic hand

Surface electromyogram measurement sheet (SEMS)

45 mm

8 x 2 amplifier array
8 x 8 EMG electrode array

Stacked 2 sheets

EMG electrodes

(0.7mm x 0.7mm)

1m thickness
ultra-flexible PEN
film

Organic transistors
40mm

Electrode pitch = 5mm

H. Fuketa, K. Yoshioka, Y. Shinozuka, K. Ishida, T. Yokota, N. Matsuhisa, Y. Inoue, M. Sekino, T. Sekitani,

M. Takamiya, T. Someya, T. Sakurai, "1um-Thickness 64-Channel Surface Electromyogram
Measurement Sheet with 2V Organic Transistors for Prosthetic Hand Control, ISSCC, paper#6.4, 2013.

T.Sakurai

Electromyogram (EMG) measurement

T.Sakurai

Electronic Diaper: Background

Wet sensor for biomedical, nursing-care, elderly-care, etc.
Thin and mechanically flexible
Wireless power and data transmission
Low-cost (disposable)
Organic flexible fully integrated circuit
Can be applied to various bio-sensors
Elderly care

For babies

T.Sakurai

Electronic diaper
Diaper

Sensing
Wireless power
Wireless data
ESD
78 mm

Electrodes

53 mm

Organic
circuits

40 mm

12.5mm thick PCB

Fully integrated thin

and flexible system
w/o external
components

H. Fuketa, K. Yoshioka, T. Yokota, W. Yukita, M. Koizumi, M. Sekino, T. Sekitani, M.

Takamiya, T. Someya, T. Sakurai, Organic-Transistor-Based 2kV ESD-Tolerant Flexible
Wet Sensor Sheet for Biomedical Applications with Wireless Power and Data
Transmission Using 13.56MHz Magnetic Resonance, IEEE ISSCC14, Feb. 2014.

T.Sakurai

Electronic diaper use-case

Disposable
diaper
Diaper cover
In repeated use
Ex.BLE

Reader
Organic sensor sheet
Battery operated
Organic diodes
Magnetic resonance (13.56MHz)

Integrated large C
Integrated large R

AAC
Data
receiver

Wet
sensor
s

ESD

Wet sensor
T.Sakurai

Sensing: RC oscillator

No oscillation

Dry : RSENSE
Wet : RSENSE

MIM capacitor
(7nF)

MW (normal saline
Oscillation

Sensor electrodes

21 mm

VDD
OSC

7nF
GND

Organic pseudo-CMOS* inverters

* T.-C. Huang, et al., DATE 2010.

8 mm
T.Sakurai

Sensing with RC oscillator

Oscillation period (s)

Resistance dependence of oscillation period

0.4

Measured waveform

0.3

3.5%/1M

0.2

0.29 s

VDD=2V

0.1

RS=3.3M

(Measured)
0

10

RS (M)
Oscillation period is proportional to RS.
Power dissipation: 1.4W @ 3Hz
T.Sakurai

Wireless power transmission

Magnetic resonance (13.56MHz)
Power transmission efficiency varies due to:
Increase in distance between reader coil (L1) and sensor
sheet coil (L2)
L1 coil
L2 coil
Bend of sensor sheet coil (L2)
(Reader) (Sensor sheet)
To reduce power consumption of
battery-operated reader
Reader should transmit
minimum necessary power.

T.Sakurai

Adaptive amplitude control (measured)

Worst case

10

B=17mm

8
6

-92%

VOUT

13.56
MHz

AAC

L2

L1

L1 coil

B=0mm

2
0

VIN

(Measured)

10

20

30

40

1M

Conventional worst case design

(constant VIN = 9.7xVOUT)

40 mm

VIN / VOUT (a.u.)

12

Reader Sensor sheet

L2 coil

Distance (D) (mm)

AAC reduces amplitude up to 92% compared with
conventional worst case design.
T.Sakurai

ESD protection
Sensor electrodes may experience high voltage (2kV) by
charged-up human body.
ESD protection is imperative in sensor sheet.
ESD protection has not been taken into account for
organic circuits.

ESD protection circuit is investigated for organic

circuits.
ESD tolerance is checked according to ESD
standard of IEC 61000-4-2.
T.Sakurai

Problem of ESD in organic transistors

Organic transistors are fabricated on insulating film.
ESD protection in organic transistors is difficult.
ESD in Si transistors

ESD in organic transistors

Parasitic
junction diode
Pad

Circuit

No parasitic
diode
Pad

Circuit

T.Sakurai

ESD protection with organic diodes

Schottky diode with copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)
Vertical structure *
- Larger current drivability

- Better frequency characteristic

( Also used for rectifier)

Al (Cathode)
Pad

R
1M

Circuit

Photograph
(top view)
2 mm

Cross section

CuPc
Au (Anode)
Polyimide

2 mm

Large resistance can be used due to slow speed

Limit diode current
* Y. Ai, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 262105 (2007).

T.Sakurai

ESD protection with organic diodes

ESD measurement (IEC 61000-4-2)
ESD tolerance is checked by measuring gate current.

2kV ESD tolerance is achieved.

(Step 1)

ESD
pulse

(Step 2)

0.5~4kV
L=50m
W=500m
Tdi*=70-80nm

ESD

2V

Pass: IG < 100pA

Fail: IG > 1mA

IG

Initial

0.5kV

1kV

2kV

4kV

Without ESD
Protection

Pass

Fail

Fail

Fail

Fail

With ESD
Protection

Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Fail

(*) Tdi: Thickness of gate dielectric (parylene)

T.Sakurai

Electronic diaper use-case

Disposable
diaper
Diaper cover
In repeated use
Ex.BLE

Missing link
Reader
Organic sensor sheet
Battery operated
Organic diodes
Magnetic resonance (13.56MHz)

Integrated large C
Integrated large R

AAC
Data
receiver

Wet
sensor
s

ESD

Wet sensor
T.Sakurai

Outline
Organic transistor based systems
Large-area electronics applications
Bio-compatible applications
Other nano-electronics devices
What is lacking : Platform for systems

T.Sakurai

Japans National Projects for Next-Generation

Nano-electronics Devices
2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

METI / NEDO MIRAI project

2011

2012

2013

2014 2015

EIDEC (Advanced Mask & Resist)

METI Nanoelectronics project

(Non-Si channel, Nanowire, XMOS)
JST Watanabe-CREST project (2007start)
Cabinets Sai-sentan Research
Support Program
METI, MEXT, AIST, NIMS, Tsukuba Univ.
Tsukuba Innovation Arena (TIA)
NEDO ASET 3D Dream Chip Project

Innovative Nano-electronics through Interdisciplinary

Collaboration among Material, Device and System Layers
Started 2013 for 7 years.

JSTs New Nano Program

Sakurai-CREST

Courtesy: Seiichiro Kawamura (JST)

96

T.Sakurai

Nano-electronics CREST
Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology

Collaboration among layers

Low power and novel functions
Demonstration at the end
Neuralnet Bio-inspired
Reconfigurable
Deep learning
Storage-class
Many-core
Auto-pilot
Secure hardware
Ultra-low power Wireless comm.

Plarformization

Constructive
interference
Brain-Machine Interface
Analog processor
Medical
Compressed sensing
System on a film
Vital
measurement
Tera-hertz
Large-area electronics
Mixed signal
Wireless power

Architecture / system

Power supply

Circuit / assembly

Near field
wireless

Interface

Beyond CMOS
Steep-S

Small variation
More-than-Moore
Spintronics
Imager
Interconnect
Compound
semicon.

3D integration
Environment resilient

Nano-device

New storage
Si

Cyberspace

High-mu

High-k

Micro-cube

Physical
space

Power device

Harvester High-voltage Sensor

Decayable
Actuator
Solvable
NEMS
Photonics
Bio-compatibility
Meta-material
Organic material
Oxide
GaN SiC Diamond
semiconductor
Sustainable

Nano-material
T.Sakurai

6 projects on-going so far

Multi-functional sensor platform by nano electric
channel and thermal management (Prof. Ken Uchida)
TFET for integrated circuits with ultra-low power
consumption (Shinichi Takagi)
Innovative magnetic image sensors and app. based on
carbon nano-electronics (Prof. Mutsuko Hatano)
Tera-hertz video imaging device (Prof. Tanemasa
Asano)
Computing by via-switches (Prof. Masanori Hashimoto)
Nano inertia measurement device and system (Prof.
Kazuya Masu)

Open to international proposals

http://www.jst.go.jp/kisoken/crest/en/research_area/ongoing/areah25-2.html

T.Sakurai

Outline
Organic transistor based systems
Large-area electronics applications
Bio-compatible applications
Other nano-electronics devices
What is lacking : platform for systems

T.Sakurai

Electronics to support peoples life

Organic electronics: more physical-space apps
Transportation

Rescue
Disaster
Prevention

Travel
Building

Cyber-space

Car

healthcare
City
Environment

Physical space
Home

Body

Agriculture

Medical
Education

Robot
Natural user interface
IoT, IoE, CPS, M2M, Ambient, Swarm, whatever you name it

T.Sakurai

Wide variety in small quantities

Typical IoT nodes
Battery
Wireless power
Harvesting
Various sensors
Actuators
Speaker
Motor
Display
Ultra-sonic etc.

WiFi
BlueTooth
Zigbee
Special

Power
supply

Analog
ADC/DAC

Digital

RF

Various combinations of non-digital and non-IC

components.
T.Sakurai

High NRE cost

Millions of Dollars
90

Mask

80

Embedded
software

70

Design, test,
verification

60
50
40
30
20
10
250nm 180nm 130nm 90nm 65nm
Technology node

45nm

32nm

P. Garrou, 3D Drivers, Tutorial at 3D System Integration Conference, p.12, Sept. 2009.

T.Sakurai

Market size (# of products)

Integration technology to create new services

100M
1M
10K
100
1

New platform

More-Moore
Integration

Agile micro-electronics
systems platform

Time
T.Sakurai

Electronic system platform example

mbed
Arduino (+ Shield)
>100mW, > 5 x 5 x 5cm3

Non-experts make systems

Non-experts use software
Issue is not on digital nor ICs
http://www.tabroid.jp/news/2014/04/google-ara-project.html
http://www.moff.mobi/
http://www.microfan.jp/booster/clcd-booster

Edison (Intel)
T.Sakurai

Arduino
Experiment of student: Months A couple of days

T.Sakurai

Arduino support package from Simulink

Programming without coding

http://www.mathworks.com/hardware-support/arduino-matlab.html

T.Sakurai

Platform to deliver technologies to services

Application and service layer
Micro chips

Application /
Contents

Electronic
systems

CMOS
Foundary

iPhone
iPad

Arduino

Platform
Components easily combinable to stimulate users creativity
Difficult technologies are made transparent to users
T.Sakurai

Summary
Organic-transistor based systems are good for:
Large-area electronics
Bio-compatible applications
New nano-technologies will be coming in.
Agile micro-electronics system platform is
needed for emerging technologies to be
delivered to peoples life.

T.Sakurai