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Example
Page
No.
528
2 x
2 n x
(ii) cos
k
k
(b) If f (x) is a periodic function of x of period p , show that f (ax ) ; a 0 is a periodic function
of x of period p / a and f ( x b ) ; b 0 is a periodic function of x of p b .
Verify this result for f ( x ) = cos x ; a = b = 2 .
Find the Fourier series of the function f ( x ) which is assumed to have the period 2 , where 536
f (x ) is as follows
1
f ( x ) = x, < x <
(a)
f ( x ) = x 2 , 0 < x < 2
f (x ) = x + x , < x <
(3)
Find the Fourier series of the function f ( x ) which is assumed to have the period 2 , where 537
3
f (x ) is as follows
1 if < x < 0
f (x ) =
0< x<
1 if
x if 2 < x < 2
f (x ) =
0 if 2 < x < 3 2
Find the Fourier series of the periodic function f ( x ) of period p = 2l .
1 if 1 < x < 0
f (x ) =
(2)
f (x ) = x , 2 < x < 2
0 < x <1
1 if
540
540
(1 2) + x (1 2) < x < 0
f (x ) =
(1 2) x 0 < x < (1 2)
Find the Fourier series of the periodic function f ( x ) of period p = 2l
if 0 < x < 1
x
f (x ) =
(2) f ( x ) = sin x if 0 < x < 1
1 x if 1 < x < 2
540
540
n x
n x
f ( x ) = a0 + an cos
+ bn sin
has the period p = 2 l .
l
l
n =1
If p is a period of f ( x ) , show that np , n = 2, 3, ... is a period of f ( x ) .
528
4
1
5
1
6
1
(2)
f (x ) = 1 x 2 ; 1 < x < 1
(2)
Find the Fourier series of the periodic function that is obtained by passing the voltage 540
v(t ) = v0 cos (100t ) through a half wave rectifier.
Are the following functions odd, even or neither odd nor even?
546
10
(1)
x3
(2)
x 2 cos nx
(4)
ex
(5)
ln x
Please Refer:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Erwin Kreyszig.
2.
(3)
xx
Example
Page
No.
Are the following function which are assumed to be periodic of period 2, even, odd or neither 546
(1) = 2 0 < < 2) (2) = |
5| < < 3 = || < < )
even nor odd?
Are the following function which are assumed to be periodic of period 2, even, odd or neither 546
even nor odd?
0
2 < < 2
(2)
2 < < 2
(1) =
< < 0
0 < <
State whether the given periodic function is even or odd. Find its Fourier series.
3
1 =
2
2
3 2
2
< <
0
2
<<
=
2
2
2
3
< 2
< <
<
3 =
2
< <
0 < <
2
< < 0
1 =
2 =
< < 2
2
0 < <
State whether the given periodic function is even or odd. Find its Fourier series.
Show that
547
547
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 + + = ! "#$. 31 21 + + +
+=
! "#$. 33
3 5 7
4
4 9 16
6
547
547
547
547
Find the Fourier cosine series ( Half-Range Expansions) of = 0 < < (
10
Find the Fourier sine series ( Half-Range Expansions) of = 0 < < (
Please Refer:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Erwin Kreyszig.
2.
547
579
Example
4 4
= 1
3
2 0
> 1
Show that the given integrals represent the indicated function.
5
0 < 1
.
32
+ +
0+ =
10
563
.
1 +
0 < <
+0+ = 2
+
0
>
Show that the given integrals represent the indicated function.
.
+
0+
=
> 0
2
/ 1++
Represent the following function as Fourier cosine integral.
1
0 < < 1
=
0
> 1
Represent the following function as Fourier cosine integral.
0 < < 7
=
0
> 7
Represent the following function as Fourier cosine integral.
1
=
> 0
1 + 2
Represent the following function as Fourier sine integral.
0 < < 7
=
0
> 7
Represent the following function as Fourier sine integral.
0 < <
=
0
>
Represent the following function as Fourier sine integral.
0 < < 1
=
0
> 1
/
Page
No.
563
Please Refer:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Erwin Kreyszig.
2.
563
563
564
564
564
564
564
564
Pag
e
No.
Plot Direction field of following. In it plot some approximate solution curves by hand. Then 12
solve the differential equation and compare to get an impression of the accuracy of the
direction field method.
(1)
(2) y = cos x
y = 2 x
Sr.
No.
Example
Show that following Equations are exact and solve them (3- 5)
3
yx 2dx + x 1dy = 0
32
e 3 (dr + 3rd ) = 0
32
32
Are the following problems exact? Also solve the following initial value problems.(6 & 7)
6
7
1
2
2
2
2 xydy = x + y dx , y (1) = 2
3 y 2 dx + xdy = 0 , y (1) =
32
32
32
(a + 1) ydx + (b + 1) xdy = 0, x a y b
32
2 xydx + 3 x 2 dy = 0
32
11
32
12
32
Please Refer:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Erwin Kreyszig.
2.
Example
No.
Page
No.
y + ky = e kx
38
y + 4 y = cos x
38
y + y = e x tan x
39
y + y sin x = e cos x
39
y + 4 y = 20 , y (0) = 2
39
y = 2( y 1) tanh x , y (0) = 4
39
y + 2 y = y 2
39
y +
1
1
y = (1 2 x) y 4
3
3
39
y =
1
y
(6 e 2 x )
39
10
2 xyy + ( x 1) y 2 = x 2 e x
11
A tank contains 1000 gal of water in which 200 lb of salt are dissolved. Fifty gallons of brine, each 39
containing (1 + e 0.1t cos t ) lb of dissolved salt, run into the tank per minute. The mixture, kept
uniform by stirring, runs out at same rate. Find the amount of salt y(t) in the tank at any time t.
Please Refer:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Erwin Kreyszig.
2.
39
Page
No.
51
51
Example
c
x2
dI
+ RI = E (t ) as t be seen directly from the differential
dt
51
51
47
Show that TL =
t
E
L
is the time at which the current I ( t ) = 0 (1 e TL ) reaches about 63% of its
R
R
47
final value.
7
9
10
t
E0
(1 e TL ) reach half of its theoretical maximum value?
R
dI
+ RI = E (t ) with E = E0 = cons tan t and R= 1000 ohms if we
dt
want the current to grow from 0 to 25% of its final value within 104 sec?
dI
Solve L
+ RI = E (t ) with E (t ) = e t when (a) R L (b) R = L
dt
dQ 1
Solve R
+ Q = E (t ) with E (t ) = 0 ,assuming that Q (0) = Q0
dt C
What L should we choose in L
Please Refer:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Erwin Kreyszig.
2.
47
47
47
47
Example
Page
No.
71
(1) yy ,, = 2 y ,
(2) x 2 y ,, 5 xy , + 9 y = 0; y1 = x 3 (3) 1 x 2 y ,, 2 xy , + 9 y = 0; y1 = x
Solve the given initial value problem:
(1) y ,, + 9 y = 0; y (0) = 4; y , (0) = 6 (2) 4 x 2 y ,, 3 y = 0; y (1) = 3, y , (1) = 2.5
(3) y ,, + 3 y , + y = 0; y (0) = 1; y , (0) = 0
Find a general solution:
(1) 4 y ,, + 4 y , 3 y = 0 (2) y ,, + 9 y , + 20 y = 0 (3) 9 y ,, + 30 y , + 25 y = 0
Solve the initial value problem:
(1) y ,, + y , 6 y = 0; y (0) = 10; y , (0) = 0
13
3
75
80
80
8
9
10
(1) y ,, + 4 y = 0 ; y (0) = 3; y = 3
2
(2) y ,, + 2 y , + 2 y = 0 ; y (0) = 1; y = 0
2
(3) 3 y ,, 8 y , 3 y = 0 ; y ( 3) = 1; y (3) =
1
e2
Please Refer:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Erwin Kreyszig.
2.
71
80
Example
Page
No.
k
m
Starting
2
3
4
5
0 ) sin 0 t
B
and represents this in the form y (t ) = C cos(0t ); C = A 2 + B 2 , tan = .
A
If a spring is such that a weight of 20nt (about 4.5lb) would stretch it 2 cm, what would
the frequency of the corresponding harmonic oscillation be? The period?
How does the frequency of the harmonic oscillation change if we (i) double the mass,
(ii) take a stiffer spring? Before you look at formulas first try to find qualitative
answers by physical arguments.
Could you make a harmonic oscillation move faster by giving the body a greater initial
push?
Show that for y (t ) = c1e ( ) t + c2 e ( + )t to satisfy initial conditions y (0) = y0 and
v(0) = v0 we must have
6
7
1 + y + v 0
0
c1 =
2
''
'
(i) 10 x y + 46 xy + 32.4 y = 0
Please Refer:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Erwin Kreyszig.
2.
90
90
90
92
1 y v 0
0
c2 =
2
Show that in the over damped case, the body can pass through y = 0 at most case (see
fig. 42, page no. 88)
Find the critical motion y (t ) = (c1 + c2t )e t that starts from y0 with initial velocity v0
10
and
90
92
92
92
96
''
'
(ii) x y + xy + y = 0
96
5
6
7
Example
Find a general solution : (4 x 2 D 2 + 12 xD + 3) y = 0.
Find a general solution : ( x 2 D 2 + 1.25) y = 0
Solve the following initial value problems in Ex. 3 - 4
4 x 2 y '' + 24 xy ' + 25 y = 0, y (1) = 2, y ' (1) = 6
2
'
( x D 3 xD + 4) y = 0, y (1) = 0, y (1) = 3
Find the wronskian of the given bases in Ex. 5 9 and verify Theorem 2
(page no. 98)
e 1x , e 2 x
e
ax / 2
cos 3 x, e
ax / 2
sin 3 x
x , x ln x
Page
No.
96
96
96
96
100
100
100
100
8
x cos(2 ln x), x sin(2 ln x)
Find a second order homogenous linear differential equation for which given functions
are solutions. Find the wronskian and use it to verify linear independence.
100
9
e3 x , xe3 x
100
10
x 2 , x 2 ln x
Please Refer:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Erwin Kreyszig.
2.
Sr.
No.
Page
No.
Verify that y p is a solution equation of the given differential equation and find a general solution
y '' y = 8e 3 x , y p = e 3 x
y '' + 3 y ' + 2 y = 4 x 2 , y p = 2 x 2 6 x + 7
103
( D 2 + 1) y = x 2 + ln x, y p = ln x
Verify that y p is a solution of the given equation. Solve the initial value problem.
103
10
( D 2 + 4 D + 4) y = e
2 x
x2
, y (1) = 1
Please Refer:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Erwin Kreyszig.
2.
e2
, y ' (1) = 2
e2
, y p = e 2 x ln x
104
3
4
y '' + 2 y ' + 10 y = 25 x 2 + 3
5
6
Page
No.
107
7
Solve the given initial value problem. Indicate the rules you are using.
8
y ' '+1.5 y ' y = 12 x 2 + 6 x 3 x 4 , y (0) = 4, y ' (0) = 8
9
10
108
Tutorial: 12
Topic: Non Homogeneous Equation
Time: One & Half hours
Sr.
No.
Find a general solution of following
1
8 48 + 48 = /
2
8 :: + 28 : + 8 =
8 28 + 8 = / )
3
4
; 2; + 18 = 3 )/
5
6
7
8
9
10
Please Refer:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Erwin Kreyszig.
2.
Example
Page
No.
111
111
111
111
111
111
111
111
111
111
Page
No.
8 + 28 + 48 = 0.2B
117
8 + 8 = CB; C 1
117
8 + 38 + 28 = 20 2B
117
Find the transient motion of the mass-spring system governed by the given equation.
3
4
8 + 38 + 28 = 170 4B
117
Find the motion of the mass-spring system corresponding to the given equation and initial conditions.
State the time when the solution practically reaches the steady state.
5
117
8 + 258 = 24
B; 80 = 1, 8 0 = 1
6
117
Prove that the given functions form a basis of the corresponding given equation. Then solve the initial
value problem.
7
131
1, , , ) ;
GH
0
0
0
8 = 0, 80 = 1, 8
= 0, 8
= 1, 8
= 30
8
131
) , ) , ) ;
0
0
8 + 98 + 278 + 278 = 0, 80 = 4, 8
= 13, 8
= 46
9
131
,
, ,
;
<
; + 48 = 0,
80 = 0, 8 0 = 2, 8 0 = 0, 8 0 = 4
I
10
131
1, , ;
8 + 38 = 0; 81 = 4, 8 1 = 8, 8 1 = 10
Please Refer:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Erwin Kreyszig.
2.
y iv 2 y '' + y = 0
(16 D 4 40 D 2 + 9) y = 0
Example
Solve the following initial value problems and plot the solution
5
y iv = 0, y (0) = 1, y ' (0) = 16, y '' (0) = 4, y ''' (0) = 24
6
Page
No.
137
137
11
Please Refer:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Erwin Kreyszig.
2.
141
Page
No.
198
1
2m
x2m
9
10 m ( x 3)
m=0 3
m =0 m !
204
204
204
Tutorial: 16
Topic: Series Solution
Time: One & Half hours
Sr.
Example
No.
Find a basis of solutions of the following differential equations. Show the details of your work. Try to identify
the series as expansions of known functions.
x(1 x) y + 2(1 2 x) y 2 y = 0
1
xy + 2 y + xy = 0
2
xy + (1 2 x) y + ( x 1) y = 0
3
4
5
6
( x + 2) 2 y + ( x + 2) y y = 0
2 x( x 1) y ( x + 1) y + y = 0
x 2 y + 2 xy 6 y = 0
xy + 3 y + 4 x3 y = 0
7
Find a general solution in terms of hyper geometric functions.
8 x(1 x) y + (4 14 x) y y = 0
8
4 x(1 x) y + y + 8 y = 0
9
10
Page
No.
216
1
x(1 x) y + ( + 2 x) y 2 y = 0
2
Please Refer:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Erwin Kreyszig.
2.
217
Example
Page
No.
257
(1) f (t ) = e
3 t
( 2 ) f (t ) = sin 2t cos t
cosh 5t
(3) f (t ) = 5 sin 2t
257
1
(1) f (t ) = t 2 e 3t
(2) f (t ) = (t + 1) 2 e 5t
(3) f (t ) = 2e t cos 2 t
2
Find the inverse Laplace transform of the following functions
5
ak
0.1s + 0.9
S 4 + 6 S 18
(1) F ( S ) = 2
(
3
)
F
(
S
)
=
( 2) F ( S ) =
2
s + 3.24
S 5 3S 4
k =1 S + K
257
257
(1) F ( S ) =
12
( S 3)5
(2) F ( S ) =
S
1 2
(S + ) + 1
2
x2
6
7
2
x2
Show that L t 2 =
,
S
>
0
,
It
is
possible
to
show
that
e dx =
e
dx
2
50
0
Give simple example of functions have no Laplace Transform. Indicate the reason.
Solve the following initial value problem by the Laplace transform
(1) y ' + 3 y = 5 sin t , y (0) = 0
(2) y '' + ay ' 2a 2 y = 0, y (0) = 6, y ' (0) = 0
1
(1) L1 2
2 2
(S + w )
10
1
( S + 4S )
2
264
264
S w
From this derive:
(S 2 + w 2 ) 2
1
=
(sin wt wt cos wt )
3
2w
1
S
=
(2) L1 2
t sin wt
2 2
(S + w ) 2w
257
(2) F (S ) = 92 S2 + 1
S ( S + 9)
Please Refer:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Erwin Kreyszig.
2.
(3) F ( S ) =
5
4
S (S + )
(4) F ( S ) =
264
265
1
S (S + w2 )
2
Example
Page
No.
Application of the second shifting theorem find Laplace Transforms of the following
2
0; < t <
w
w
Find and sketch the inverse Laplace transform
2 s
5 s
e 3s
e 2s
(1) 4(e 2e )
(3) 2
( 2) 2
s
(s + 2 )
s + 2s + 2
Using Laplace transform, solve the following problems
273
273
273
8 : t. > 1
283
(1) e * e
5
2t
bt
(2) u(t 3) *e
283
s2
e as
6
(2) F ( s) = 2
(
3
)
F
(
s
)
=
(1) F ( s ) =
(s + w2 ) 2
s( s 2)
s( s + 3)
283
t
(1) y (t ) = 1 + y (u )du
283
0
2
10
f (t ) =
300
'
( 2) y1 = 2 y1 + 3 y 2 : y2 = 4 y1 y2 : y1 (0) = 4, y2 (0) = 3
Sketch the graph of the given function and express in terms Of the unit step function u(t)
3,0 t < 2
(1) f (t ) = ( t 2)
3e
:2t
300
et : 2 t < 5
2t sin t : t 5
t:0 t < 2
( 2 ) f (t ) =
2:2 t < 5
7 t :5 t < 7
0 :t 7
Please Refer:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Erwin Kreyszig.
2.
300
Please Refer:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Erwin Kreyszig.
2.