1.

ORAL EXAM CRITERIA 2051 READING AND SPEAKING IN

ENGLISH
ORAL EXAM GRADING CRITERIA
(30% OF THE SEMESTER GRADE)

23-30

15-22

7-14
0-6

CONTENT 30%
Evidence of excellent knowledge of the course book units; can speak without the need for
teacher intervention fully satisfying the purpose of the task set, can handle questions of the
instructor excellently. Excellent ability to conceptualize knowledge and demonstrate
inventive thinking and synthesize course materials.
Evidence of good and appropriate knowledge of the course book units; can speak
according to the purpose but needs to be guided by questions of the instructor. Good
ability to conceptualize knowledge and demonstrate inventive thinking. Comprehensive
synthesis of course materials.
Adequate preparation; task requirements mostly fulfilled; can hardly speak according to
the purpose, can only answer a few of the teachers questions. Some ability to
conceptualize knowledge, demonstrate inventive thinking and synthesize course materials.
Lack of knowledge of the course book units; task requirements not fulfilled; cannot speak
to the purpose, cannot handle teachers questions with success. Limited ability to
conceptualize knowledge does not demonstrate inventive thinking or synthesize course
materials.
LANGUAGE, COMPREHENSIBILITY 30%

23-30
15-22
7-14
0-6

15-20
10-14
5-9
0-4

15-20
10-14
5-9
0-4

Very accurate language and responses are comprehensible, excellent communication of

ideas; excellent use of grammar and use of advanced structures easily. Can move from
one idea to the other smoothly while talking.
Generally accurate language, responses mostly comprehensible, speaker struggled for
appropriate vocabulary. Good communication of ideas. Adequate vocabulary for the task;
moderate usage of grammar and advanced structures. Limited logical sequence.
Frequent inaccurate use of language and responses rarely comprehensible. Moderate
communication of ideas. Limited vocabulary which proves to be inadequate to the task,
makes mistakes even in basic grammatical structures. Lacking logical sequence.
Use of language, vocabulary and grammar is insufficient and responses incomprehensible.
Cannot speak with ease, unable to link ideas together, cannot make a good beginning and
ending.
VOCABULARY 20%
Varied and highly sophisticated vocabulary can make an excellent use of the vocabulary
learned in class.
Adequate and accurate use of vocabulary to ensure powerful expression.
Somewhat inadequate and inaccurate use of vocabulary; mostly repetitive.
Inadequate and inaccurate use of vocabulary.
DELIVERY , FLUENCY AND PRONUNCIATION 20%
Can speak fast and very fluent with very few halts when searching for appropriate words
and expressions, clear and accurate pronunciation.
Speech is at a moderate speed and the presentation can be followed, there are some
pronunciation difficulties but they do not interfere with understanding.
Speech is rather slow and hesitant or too fast and monotonous, making the presentation
difficult to follow; many pronunciation difficulties interfering with understanding.
Inappropriate pronunciation, lack of fluency, speech is to slow to follow.

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2.
NOV

30

2051 SPEAKING ACTIVITY ANSWERS!! IMPORTANT!!!!

2051 STUDENTS YOU SHOULD STUDY THIS BEFORE THE ORAL EXAM!!

SPEAKING ACTIVITY
In the following activities, get into groups and 1. MATCH the right definition to the word and
you may discuss these core concepts from each text 2.Discuss the answers to the questions
below 3. Report your answers to the class and have a class discussion if possible.
A. COURSEBOOK UNITS 1.WHO ARE TODAYS IMMIGRANTS
1.PUSH FACTOR
2.IMMIGRANTS
3.ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS
4.PULL FACTOR

5.DESTINATION COUNTRY

6.LABOR NEEDS

a.Whether an industry demands skilled or

unskilled work
b.People who move across national borders
illegally and who fear being deported
c.The place that the immigrants want to go
d.People who are mobile and go from one
place to another for economic, social or
political reasons
e.A negative factor in the source country
which makes the immigrant want to move to
another country
f.A positive factor in the destination country
which attracts immigrants

1. E,
2. D, 3. B,
4.F, 5. C, 6. A
1.What are the reasons for migration?
2.How do you think todays immigrants are different from those of the past?
3.What is a destination country?
4.What is an immigrant? Why do people immigrate?
5.What are some problems of immigrants?
2.ONE WORLD ONE CULTURE
1.CULTURAL LEVELLING
2.GLOBALISATION
3.HYBRID CULTURE
4.OUTSOURCING

a.Sending some of the work of a company in

one country to be done in another country.
b.Cultural standardisation
c.the development of closer economic,
cultural and political relations in the world
d.Local and western cultural values side by
side

1.B, 2.C, 3. D, 4. A
1.What are the positive effects of globalisation?
2.What are the negative effects of globalisation?
3.How does outsourcing affect workers?
4.Why does cultural levelling ocur? (Because of consuming the same products everywhere?
What other reasons can you think of? Can you give an example?)

5.How does cultural standardization affect local cultures? Are these local cultures under the
threat of extinction? Why?
3.WHEN DOES THE LANGUAGE LEARNING BEGIN?
1.CITIZENS OF THE WORLD
2.LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
3.DECIPHER
4.AUDITORY LEARNING

a.Figure out the hidden meaning of language

b.The term that refers to the universal
potential of babies to learn any language
c.Obtaining or beginning to learn language
d.Learning by listening to the sounds of
language
e.Ability to speak two languages

5.BILINGUALISM
1.B, 2. C, 3.A, 4. D, 5. E.
1.When does the language learning process begin?
2.What are the factors that influence language learning?
3.Can you compare the language learning of adults and babies?
4.RULES OF SPEAKING
1.Speech act
2.Speech community

3.Polite interaction
4.Cultural knowledge
5.Linguistic correctness
6.Communication breakdown

a.No mistakes in grammar or vocabulary

choice
b.Appropriateness of speech; speech that
confirms to the conventions of the society
you are in
c.Actions performed by speaking
d. miscommunication
e.Mastering the situations which differ across
cultures
f.Group of people sharing a language and
rules of speaking

1.C, 2. F, 3. B, 4. E, 5. A, 6. D
What are speech acts? How are they performed? Can you give an example?
What do we need to know in order to communicate effectively in a foreign language?
Is cultural knowledge important for communication?Why?
What are rules of speaking? Are they universal or do they vary (change) from one culture to
another?
5. ECOLOGY, OVERPOPULATION
1.OVERPOPULATION

2.ECOLOGICAL CRISIS
3.ECOLOGICAL DAMAGE
4.DEFORESTATION

a.critically dangerous situation concerning

the plants, animals, humans and the
environment in which they live
b.Solutions that can be continued and
maintained
c.Destruction of forests by cutting down or
burning trees
d.Global problem caused by overpopulation,
deforestation and unwise growth
e.Unplanned growth of the number of
residents in an area

5.SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENTAL
REMEDIES
1. E, 2.A, 3. D, 4. C, 5. B
1.What are the consequences of overpopulation on the earth?
2.What is deforestation? What are its results?

3.What are the solutions to the problem of overpopulation? (Sustainable and environmentally
friendly social and economic development?Prosperity, educational and career opportunities,
adequate health care, financial security are factors that contribute to the financial security of
people and thus solve overpopulation.)
4. What can be done to limit the ecological damage?
(Developing nations should stop the exploitation of natural resources with little thought fort
he future.)
5. What is the duty of the developed countries to fight environmental damage?
(They should provide leadership by establishing a new paradigm of economic development
they should use sustainable policies and offer economic and technical help to the developing
countries.)
6. WATER CRISIS
1.WETLANDS
2.DESALINATION
3.WATER MANAGEMENT
4.RUNOFF WATER

a.Damming, desalination, altering the course

of rivers for irrigation
b.Sanitation systems and wetlands
c.Water with fertilizers and pesticides
d.Ecological areas that filter and clean run
off water
e.Using water resources efficiently

5.HIGH IMPACT SOLUTIONS TO

WATER
6.LOW IMPACT SOLUTIONS TO WATER f.Converting sea water to fresh water

1. D, 2. F, 3. E, 4. C, 5. A, 6. B
1.What are some examples of high impact solutions to the water crisis? Give examples from
countries.
2.Why is the global water crisis the responsibility of all nations? (Because water is not only a
valuable resource but it is also essential to human life.)
3.What are the factors that influence water availability? Or Which factors affect accessibility to
water?
(Atmospheric conditions which create areas of high pressure and low precipitation
(rainfall), proximity(closeness) to water that influences the amount of rain, topography (high
mountains catch water). Periodic droughts (extreme dryness) can reduce the water
supply.Human activity (population growth, urbanization, farming) can reduce water supplies.
4.What are the solutions to global water crisis?
5.How are poor countries affected by the water crisis?
6.How are developed countries affected by the water crisis?
EXTENSIVE READINGS 1. THE AGE OF IMMIGRATION (PAGE 68)
1. Why do immigrants immigrate?
2. What are the pull and push factors for migration?
3. Why did people migrate in the past?
2. LANGUAGES IN CONTACT

1.RAPID LANGUAGE CONTACT

2.BILINGUALISM
3.MINORITY LANGUAGE
4.LANGUAGE SHIFT

a.One language loses ground to another

b.Suddenly meeting a different language
by conquer or by migration
c.The ability to speak two languages
d.The language spoken by a small local
community

1.B, 2. C, 3. D, 4. A.
1.What is language contact? What are the factors that affect it?
2.What are the reasons of the extinction of languages?
3.What are the government policies concerning language?

3.THE MEETING OF CULTURES

1.ASSIMILATION

a.A metaphore which means to become a part

of the dominant culture at the expense of
losing your own identity
b.Not assimilate to dominant cultures;
embrace different cultures
c.The gradual process of a minority group
changing to become a part of the dominant
culture
d.immigrants should retain their own culture
and not adapt to the new culture like a part of
thousand pieces

2.MULTICULTURALISM
3.CULTURAL MOSAIC

4.MELTING POT

1.

C,

2. B,

3. D,

4. A

1.What are the consequences of assimilation?

2.What are the reasons of cultural diversity in todays world?

1. 2051 final revision answer key

A.

READING AND SPEAKING IN ENGLISH -REVISION FOR THE FINAL TEACHERS Copy
Fill in the blanks with the correct word. There are two extras.

deforestatio
n
abundant

paradigms

enforcemen
t

sustainabl
e

ecology

undernourishe
d
exploitation

affluent

irreversible

resolutio
n

fertile

precipitatio
n
reliant
convert

subsidizes

underlyin
g
insufficien subsidize
t
d
highlight

1. The enforcement of discipline at schools is a serious issue.The school authority needs to use
it sensitively.
2.In spring, wild flowers grow abundantly on the hill. You can indeed find plenty of them.

3. When you talk about the ecology of a place, you are referring to the pattern and balance of
relationships between all the plants and animals living at that place.
4. It is necessary to protect the public from commercial exploitation. We are constantly under
a bombardment of advertisements which force us to buy this or that product.
5. Once you decide on your university department; it is nearly an irreversable decision. It s hard
to change.When you find out that you dont want to study in your department, you have to take
the OSS exam again.
6. A solar cell takes the radiation from the sun and converts it into electricity.
7.Our information and research findings on this issue are insufficient for us to make judgements
on it.
8. He was badly undernourished. He looked too thin and unhealthy due to the famine or scarcity
of food.
9. Turkey is so reliant on imported oil from the Middle East, that if it doesnt find alternative
energy sources, thisdependence will cause troubles in the future.
10.Using sustainable energy sources is necessary for a green planet. These are the renewable
energy sources like solar and wind energy instead of using non- renewable energy sources like
coal and oil that are so difficult and expensive to obtain.
11. The first meaning of precipitation is a chemical reaction in which solid particles are
seperated from a liquid. Its second meaning is the rain or snow fall, a technical term in
meteorology.
12. In sociology, there are particular models, examples, or paradigms of society and how it
functions.
13. There are valleys that are so fertile that three crops a year can grow. The farmers can obtain
a lot of harvest in those places.
14. Because she had great determination to refuse the practice, when they asked her whether
she agrees with the matter, she shook her head with great resolution.
15. In every country the government subsidizes education, housing and health provision to make
it cheaper for the citizens so that even the poor citizens can afford them. In schools, school meals
are subsidized so that all students can easily buy them.
16. The worlds rain forests could completely vanish in a hundred years at the current rate
of deforestation. Forests are cut down for many reasons, but most of them are related to money
or to peoples need to provide for their families.
17.The underlying theme of the novel is very serious. Its not directly stated and obvious but you
can discover it if you carefully read it.
B.

Read the text and choose the best answer ACCORDING to the text.

Combating drought in rural Africa: a report

In order to mitigate the problems which drought can bring, there are several short-term
and long-term strategies which can be adopted. A range of policies designed to combat these
problems exist at local, national and international levels. As well as looking at these issues in
general, this report will make specific recommendations in the case of Kenya, where drought has
been a major problem in recent years.
Droughts frequently put millions of people at risk of food insecurity in central Kenya. The
area is so dry that it cannot support agricultural crops. There are few permanent rivers and the
seasonal waterways, which are the result of flood waters in the rainy months, disrupt transport
across the region. The population of this area mainly live off their cattle. Droughts can quickly kill
off their herd, leaving little or no income, and because the area is so vast, infrastructure is
underdeveloped, meaning that Access to the population is difficult.
When drought is predicted in central Kenya, it is important to prepare for it and be ready
to respond to it as quickly as possible in order to minimize casualties. Preventive measures
which may be adopted before a drought include recycling water. This is highly cost-effective.
Recycled water, from the washing of clothes for example, can be given to animals and used to
irrigate land. Once drought strikes, the most important short-term response is to transport bottles
of drinking water into the drought area, although this is quite expensive. Since drought also often
kills animals and crops, it is vital to bring food to prevent people from starving.
Since drought tends to reoccur in the same central areas of Kenya, long-term solutions
are also necessary. Drought monitoring does not have to be expensive, and it should be possible
to gather relevant data fairly cheaply, which can then be used for appropriate planning at the local
and national levels. This usually involves developing irrigation systems for farming communities,
or building canals and dams to benefit villages and cities. On a microscale, the construction of
wells can help provide more water at medium cost and in reasonable timeframes. On a wider
scale, desalination plants, which remove salt from sea water, also make drinking water available,
but at a higher cost. Additionally, harvesting rainwater involves collecting and storing any rain that
does fall. The majority of these strategies are undoubtedly expensive and may only be affordable
for richer countries, which have the technology and expertise to predict and plan for drought more
effectively.
Poorer countries, on the other hand, are generally unable to afford long-term solutions,
and may have to rely on international support and charity in the short- term. Lack of education
and underdeveloped infrastructure may also hamper some of these projects.
As a result of this report, the three following recommendations for Kenya are made. First,
provide training in recycling and harvesting water throughout the country at a local level. Second,
implement a well-construction program, so as to maximize the amount of water available
nationally. Thirdly, lobby the international community to provide funding for a desalination plant on
the coast, to ensure that Kenya can always meet its water needs.

a.
b.
c.
d.

1.Which of the following is an inexpensive strategy for dealing with drought.

rainwater harvesting
bringing in drinking water
water recycling
constructing desalination plants
2. What is the main purpose of this report?
a. to evaluate which solutions for drought are best globally
b. to describe a country which suffers from drought
c. to present a range of general drought solutions and focus on a specific case study
d.to identify water problems in the world
3. Why are the people of Kenya most at risk of drought?
a. because transport is disrupted
b. their way of life means they need to use a lot of water
c. the area experiences low annual rainfall
d. the infrastructure of the country is underdeveloped
4. Which of the points below do you think the report agrees with the most?
a. High-technology solutions are always better than low technology solutions
b. partnership between different organisations is important in preventing drought.

c. Every country should follow the recommendations given to Kenya in this report.
d. Constructing desalination plants is necessary for fighting drought.
5. This in paragraph 3 refers to
a. recycling water
b. preventive measures
c. minimizing casualties
d. preventing drought
6. What does disrupt in paragraph 2 mean?
a. change
b. prevent
c.result
d. support

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2.
NOV

21

MODERN DLLER BLM NOT BAREM

NOT
SSTEM
100'l NOT
90-100
80-89
70-79
60-69
53-59
48-52
40-47
30-39
0-29
DEVAMSIZ

HARF
AA
BA
BB
CB
CC
DC
DD
FD
FF
F0

1 week ago, YTU Modern Diller tarafndan yaynland

SAYI
4.00
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
0.00