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CONTENCIN.
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MUROS EN VOLADO
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Donde:
tan 2 45
Kp
2
Fuerzas Distribuidas
Ea
Es / c
z KA
N
s/c
N
Cohesin
s / c KA
1
Ka
Fuerzas Totales
Ea
Es / c
H2
2N
s/c
H
N
2c
N
Cohesin
H2 KA
2
s /c KA H2
2
2c
N
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EL CLCULO DE UN MURO EN
VOLADIZO CONSISTE EN EVALUAR
PRIMERO SU ESTABILIDAD:
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SUMA DE MOMENTOS
BUSCAREMOS QUE LOS MOMENTOS
RESISTENTES SEAN MAYORES A LOS
MOMENTOS ACTUANTES, DE MODO DE
TENER UN FACTOR DE SEGURIDAD AL
VOLTEO DE 1.5.
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SI EL MOMENTO ES GRANDE EN
RELACIN A LA CARGA, SE PUEDEN
OBTENER TERICAMENTE
TRACCIONES EN
LO CUAL
FSICAMENTE ES IMPOSIBLE,
PORQUE NO HAY NADA QUE UNA AL
SUELO CON LA ZAPATA.
EN ESTOS CASOS, LO QUE DEBE
HACERSE ES TRABAJAR CON UN
DIAGRAMA DE PRESIONES QUE SOLO
TENGA COMPRESIONES (DIAGRAMA
TRIANGULAR).
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-5 O H-6cm.
PARA EL FIERRO SUPERIOR DEL TALN
SER IGUAL QUE EN EL MURO.
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Muros de gravedad
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EL DIMENSIONAMIENTO DE MUROS DE
GRAVEDAD ES SIMILAR AL DE UN MURO
EN VOLADIZO.
EN LUGAR DE TENER MURO Y TALN,
TODO SE CONVIERTE EN UNA MASA DE
CONCRETO (MURO DE ESPESOR
VARIABLE).
SE HACEN LAS MISMAS VERIFICACIONES
DE PRESIONES, VOLTEO Y
DESLIZAMIENTO .
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EL COMPORTAMIENTO EXTERIOR DE UN
MURO CON CONTRAFUERTES ES
PRCTICAMENTE IGUAL AL MURO EN
VOLADIZO.
SE PUEDE VOLTEAR, SE PUEDE DESLIZAR
Y SE PUEDE HUNDIR O SUPERAR LAS
PRESIONES DEL TERRENO.
EL CONTRAFUERTE CAMBIA EL
COMPORTAMIENTO INTERIOR DEL MURO
O PARED Y DEL TALN.
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arc tan(kh/(1-kv))
ngulo de friccin entre terreno y muro
i=
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30
33
Ka
0.333
0.295
Kp
3.00
3.39
KAE
0.434
0.390
KPE
2.57
2.94
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Consideraciones Adicionales
Rozamiento y Fuerzas de Inercia
Tambin se deben considerar las fuerzas ssmicas
adicionales generadas por peso propio del muro y su
zapata. Estas fuerzas pueden estimarse como kh x
Peso, aplicadas a la mitad de la altura del muro o
zapata
Para la verificacin del factor de seguridad al
deslizamiento, se debe considerar en el clculo de la
fuerza de rozamiento que el peso del muro y su
relleno es reducido por el coeficiente kv.
Fuerza de rozamiento = P (1-kv), donde P es el
peso considerado.
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