Business Communication Today, 12e (Bovee/Thill)

Chapter 17 Enhancing Presentations with Slides and Other Visuals

1) Studies show that visuals can improve learning by up to ________ percent.
A) 50
B) 100
C) 200
D) 400
Answer: D
Explanation: D) Behavioral studies show that humans can process images 60,000 times faster
than they can process text. The amounts to a 400 percent increase in learning when using visual
imagery.
Diff: 3
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1
AACSB: Communication Abilities
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
2) The purpose of visuals is to ________ during a presentation.
A) replace your spoken message
B) support and clarify what you have to say
C) distract and entertain the audience
D) provide decorative embellishments
Answer: B
Explanation: B) The purpose of visuals is to support your spoken message, not replace it.
Diff: 2
Skill: Critical Thinking
Objective: 1
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Analytical Skills
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication

3) While you're making design choices for an electronic slide deck, let simplicity be your guide
because
A) simple materials often take less time to create.
B) simple visuals are less likely to be misinterpreted.
C) keeping things simple reduces the chances of something going wrong.
D) all of the above.
Answer: D
Explanation: D) Creating simple materials can take less time. Furthermore, simple visuals are
less likely to distract or confuse the audience and less likely to cause problems during your
presentation.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Discuss techniques for delivering an effective presentation
4) A disadvantage of electronic presentations is
A) they're difficult to include in online meetings and webcasts.
B) they are difficult to store or transport.
C) they can be time-consuming to create.
D) they cannot be customized for different audiences.
Answer: C
Explanation: C) Primary disadvantages of electronic presentations include the amount of time
required to develop slides and the complexity involved in creating advanced presentations.
Diff: 1
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
5) The most popular visual aids for business presentations are
A) flip charts.
B) whiteboards.
C) electronic slides.
D) overhead transparencies.
Answer: C
Explanation: C) Electronic slides created with programs like Apple Keynote and Microsoft
PowerPoint are the visuals of choice in most business presentations today.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication

6) After you've chosen the right media for creating visuals to support your presentation
A) don't hesitate to start creating your visuals.
B) think through your presentation plan carefully before you get to work.
C) search your archives for existing visuals that you can recycle in your new context.
D) check your system for awesome special effects and download anything that's missing.
Answer: B
Explanation: B) Once you've selected a visual medium, think through your presentation outline
before you start creating anything.
Diff: 1
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
7) Which of the following statements about overhead transparencies is false?
A) They can be easy to create.
B) The are easy to edit and update.
C) You can write on them during a presentation.
D) They don't require high-tech presentation equipment.
Answer: B
Explanation: B) You can create overhead transparencies with nothing more than a marking pen.
You can write on them while you're presenting, and you don't need a computer and presentation
software to use them. Unfortunately, they are nearly impossible to edit.
Diff: 1
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
8) Chalkboards and whiteboards are particularly useful for
A) small-group sessions.
B) making presentations for large audiences.
C) formal situations.
D) presentations on controversial topics.
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Chalkboards and whiteboards are effective tools for recording points made
during small group meetings.
Diff: 2
Skill: Application
Objective: 1
AACSB: Communication Abilities
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication

9) Which of the following visual aids would be particularly helpful for recording ideas during a
group brainstorming session?
A) Flip chart
B) Electronic slides
C) Prototypes and working models
D) Chalkboards and whiteboards
Answer: A
Explanation: A) A flip chart is a dependable, low-tech tool for recording ideas and comments
during team meetings and presentations.
Diff: 2
Skill: Application
Objective: 1
AACSB: Communication Abilities
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
10) The best option for creating a training module on the features of a software program would
be
A) overhead transparencies.
B) screencasting software.
C) image editing software.
D) chalkboards and whiteboards.
Answer: B
Explanation: B) You can use screencasting software to make digital movies of computer screen
output. You can also add voice narration, either while you're recording or when you're editing the
movie.
Diff: 3
Skill: Application
Objective: 1
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication

11) Unlike structured slides, free-form slides

A) are completely random and have no design consistency.
B) don't follow a rigid design structure.
C) use the same color for background and text.
D) contain extra-large fonts.
Answer: B
Explanation: B) Free-form designs often have more impact on the viewer than structured
designs because they use visual imagery in a more creative way, relying on visual action and the
relationship between symbolic images rather than static rows and columns.
Diff: 1
Skill: Concept
Objective: 2
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
12) Structured presentation slides are usually the best choice for
A) persuasive presentations.
B) educational presentations.
C) routine presentations.
D) motivational presentations.
Answer: C
Explanation: C) Structured slides are usually the best choice for project updates and other
routine informative presentations, particularly if the slides are intended to be used only once.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 2
AACSB: Communication Abilities
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
13) A presenter who is using free-form slides is
A) released from the constraints of place and time.
B) responsible for conveying more of the content.
C) more likely to present complex subjects in a cohesive, integrated manner.
D) able to rely on each slide to function as a multimedia teleprompter.
Answer: B
Explanation: B) Because free-form slides contain little text on each slide, the speaker is
responsible for conveying more of the content.
Diff: 3
Skill: Synthesis
Objective: 2
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Discuss techniques for delivering an effective presentation

14) Presentations featuring free-form slides tend to contain ________ presentations with
structured slides.
A) more slides than
B) fewer slides than
C) about the same number of slides as
D) simpler slides than
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Each free-form slide tends to express a single idea, where structured slides often
pack a great deal of information into a single slide. Because of this, free-form presentations tend
to require many more slides than structured presentations.
Diff: 3
Skill: Concept
Objective: 2
AACSB: Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
15) A "slideument" is
A) a particularly useful electronic slide that provides lots of information.
B) a slide that is sent ahead of time to introduce the audience to your topic.
C) an electronic slide that tries to function as both a presentation visual and a printed document.
D) a slide that is also printed and distributed to the audience as a handout.
Answer: C
Explanation: C) Slideuments combine visual elements and text to function as stand-alone
documents that readers can fully understand without the need of a speaker to present them.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 3
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
16) Expert presenters often structure specific slides around a ________ that helps organize and
explain the points they are trying to make.
A) general topic
B) key visual
C) situational parable
D) conceptual cluster
Answer: B
Explanation: B) A key visual can work in tandem with your written and spoken messages to help
audiences get your message.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 3
AACSB: Communication Abilities
Learning Outcome: Describe steps for developing oral and online presentations
6

17) Four important design elements to consider when creating slides include all of the following
except
A) choosing color.
B) selecting background designs.
C) writing content.
D) selecting fonts and type styles.
Answer: C
Explanation: C) Content is not a key element to the visual design of a slide. However, do not
operate under the assumption that the labels and text that go on slides are unimportant. The text
on a slide must work hand in hand with the images in order to communicate information to the
audience effectively.
Diff: 3
Skill: Concept
Objective: 3
AACSB: Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
18) When you're considering the use of color in your slides, keep in mind that
A) color can account for a large part of an audience's acceptance or rejection of an idea.
B) color tends to distract viewers, which reduces their retention of the material.
C) you should use as many colors as possible to maintain viewer interest.
D) your choices are not that important as long as your slides are colorful.
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Studies show that up to 60 percent of an audience's acceptance or rejection of
an idea depends on color. Similarly, audiences have been shown to be up to 80 percent more
likely to read a text if it appears surrounded by the right color. Color has also been shown to
improve memory retention by up to 75 percent.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 3
AACSB: Reflective Thinking skills
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication

19) In a presentation designed to reassure your audience after layoffs and bad news about
company profitability, the best color to use would be
A) blue.
B) brown.
C) red.
D) any of the above.
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Blue has been shown to soothe people and create a sense of peacefulness,
tranquility, and trust. This would make blue a good choice for people who have just gone through
a period of wrenching stress and conflict.
Diff: 2
Skill: Critical Thinking
Objective: 3
AACSB: Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Describe the opportunities and challenges of communicating in a diverse
world
20) If you are using yellow for your titles and text, the best background color would be
A) white, if the slide is for a transparency.
B) a darker shade of yellow.
C) dark blue or purple.
D) orange or red.
Answer: C
Explanation: C) With a bright foreground of yellow, a dark, contrasting color should be chosen
for the background. Dark blue or purple is the best choice here for contrast.
Diff: 2
Skill: Application
Objective: 3
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication

21) ________ conveys information that's part of your message; ________ doesn't convey textual
or numerical information.
A) Decorative artwork; functional artwork
B) Background artwork; foreground artwork
C) Functional artwork; decorative artwork
D) Transformational artwork; symbolic artwork
Answer: C
Explanation: C) Functional artwork includes photos, drawings, charts, and other visuals
containing information that is part of your message. Decorative artwork doesn't deliver textual or
numerical information, and may or may not be helpful.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 3
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
22) When choosing a background for your slides, the most effective approach is to
A) use dark colors such as blue.
B) pair complex patterns with intricate borders.
C) choose a simple design.
D) use all of the above.
Answer: C
Explanation: C) A background should stay in the background of a scene. It shouldn't compete for
attention with the items in the foreground of your image. Busy, cluttered, or flashy backgrounds
are bad design; simple backgrounds are good design.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 3
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication

23) Your policy for using clip art in presentations should be

A) not to use any clip art, ever.
B) to use clip art sparingly, if at all.
C) to use clip art as much as possible in those presentations that need spicing up.
D) to use just those pieces that you particularly like.
Answer: B
Explanation: B) Clip art is often cute but rarely appropriate for business applications. Design
experts think that clip art gives slides an unprofessional, cartoon look that is not appropriate for
business audiences.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 3
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
24) In business presentations, all background artwork should be considered to be
A) a good way to keep the audience's attention.
B) the key to good design.
C) essentially decorative.
D) essentially functional.
Answer: C
Explanation: C) In a business context, backgrounds by definition have no purpose other than to
help highlight images in the foreground. Therefore, any images in the background should be
considered unnecessary and decorative, since instead of highlighting foreground images they
compete with foreground images.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 3
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication

10

25) When choosing fonts and type styles for slides, be sure to
A) use script fonts for emphasis.
B) limit your fonts to no more than two per slide.
C) avoid boldface type.
D) do all of the above.
Answer: B
Explanation: B) A single slide should have no more than two typefaces. Use of additional
typefaces causes a distraction for the viewer and makes the slide seem confused and
unprofessional.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 3
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
26) When using thinner fonts in electronic presentations,
A) use a wide variety of them, to keep the presentation interesting.
B) include decorative fonts to help maintain audience interest.
C) use boldface type so that letters won't look washed out.
D) use all capital letters so type will stand out.
Answer: C
Explanation: C) From a distance, thin typefaces tend to disappear into the background. To avoid
this problem use boldface type to make each letter thicker.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 3
AACSB: Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
27) The slide master in presentation software
A) allows you to save design elements so that they can be included on any new slides you add.
B) automatically chooses the same fonts and typefaces for your slides.
C) helps create a consistent-looking design for your entire slide show.
D) does all of the above.
Answer: D
Explanation: D) The slide master allows you to choose fonts, colors, typeface size, and other
design elements in a single slide and then have that same style automatically be featured in all of
the slides in your presentation.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 3
AACSB: Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
11

28) The predefined layouts in presentation software

A) contain placeholders for specific slide elements such as titles and bulleted text.
B) allow you to automate your slide show.
C) allow you to add hyperlinks to your presentation.
D) let you see an entire batch of slides at once.
Answer: A
Explanation: A) You can maintain consistency throughout your presentation by choosing a
predefined layout that makes sure that bulleted lists, charts, graphics, and other design elements
are given the same general space on every slide.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 3
AACSB: Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
29) When preparing text slides for an upcoming presentation, you should
A) try to have a slide to go with every concept you want to convey.
B) be sure to use complete sentences.
C) limit each slide to expressing a single thought, concept, or idea.
D) do none of the above.
Answer: C
Explanation: C) Good design means that each slide conveys a unique idea, and only one idea.
This is the goal to strive for, although if the presentation begins to require too many slides you
may need to: (a) cover fewer ideas or (b) start combining some of the ideas you are expressing.
Diff: 2
Skill: Application
Objective: 4
AACSB: Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
30) Which one of the following is the best example of functional animation?
A) Having each bullet point fly from the left side of the screen
B) Moving a color bar on the screen to highlight the steps in a process
C) Using a cartwheel effect to bring in a block of text from outer space
D) Making a clipart image spin around in circles
Answer: B
Explanation: B) Using carefully controlled functional animation is a great way to demonstrate
sequences and procedures.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept/Application
Objective: 4
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
12

31) To make your text slides more readable,

A) limit the text on each slide to four or five lines with four or five words per line.
B) use complete sentences with capitals and punctuation rather than short bulleted phrases.
C) use the passive voice.
D) do all of the above.
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Clutter and causing your audience to strain to see your text are two things you
want to avoid in your presentation. If your slide seems to need more than four or five lines of
text, consider breaking it up into two separate slides.
Diff: 2
Skill: Application
Objective: 4
AACSB: Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
32) Effective text slides should do all of the following except
A) highlight key points.
B) display your entire speaking script.
C) summarize and preview your message.
D) signal major shifts in thought.
Answer: B
Explanation: B) Keep in mind that slide text is not supposed to display your entire speaking
script.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept/Application
Objective: 4
AACSB: Communication Abilities
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
33) ________ control how one slide replaces another slide on the screen; ________ control the
release of text, graphics, and other elements on individual slides.
A) Agendas; moving blueprints
B) Slide transitions; builds
C) Storyboards; hyperlinks
D) Builds; slide transitions
Answer: B
Explanation: B) Slide transitions control how one slide replaces another on-screen. Builds
control the release of text, graphics, and other elements on individual slides.
Diff: 3
Skill: Application
Objective: 4
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
13

34) If you're planning to use a video in your presentation, make sure that it's
A) a full-length feature.
B) capable of delivering a universal message.
C) brief, relevant, and interesting.
D) suitable for taking the place of your presentation.
Answer: C
Explanation: C) Video clips can add memorable, engaging content to your presentations, as long
as they're relevant, interesting, and brief.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept/Application
Objective: 4
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Describe steps for developing oral and online presentations
35) When adapting graphics for slides
A) reduce the amount of detail.
B) use full numbers, such as 2012, rather than '12.
C) avoid using arrows or boldface type.
D) don't use more than eight or nine graph lines.
Answer: A
Explanation: A) From a distance, fine details on graphics are simply too hard to see and too fine
and subtle to appreciate. Eliminate all parts of your graphic that aren't absolutely essential for it
to convey its message.
Diff: 2
Skill: Application
Objective: 4
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
36) When using slide transitions, you should
A) limit them to text; they are not appropriate for graphics.
B) vary the direction, sometimes going from top to bottom and sometimes going from left to
right.
C) reveal information in a way that helps your audience better understand your message.
D) do none of the aboveslide transitions have no place in business presentations.
Answer: C
Explanation: C) Beware of such things as spinning "newsflash" slide transitions that may be
amusing for recreational audiences but are far too flashy and distracting for a business
environment. As with other design elements, when it comes to slide transitions, simple is better.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 4
AACSB: Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
14

37) Hyperlinks are useful in slide presentations for

A) providing additional details without having to incorporate each detail into a slide.
B) customizing one electronic presentation for several audiences.
C) accessing additional information during question-and-answer periods.
D) doing all of the above.
Answer: D
Explanation: D) In some cases you may want to access a website that is continually updated
during a presentation. For example, suppose you want to be able to quote the current price of
gold in your presentation. A hyperlink to a gold price website allows you to get the current gold
price at just a click of the mouse. When you are done looking at the link you can click back to
your presentation.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 4
AACSB: Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
38) During the revision stage of preparing your slide presentation, you should
A) decide on the background color to use.
B) decide where builds and transitions should be inserted.
C) check for readability and clarity.
D) determine your main idea.
Answer: C
Explanation: C) View the presentation from the typical distance that a person in your audience
will view it. Can you read the text? Can you see the visual images and interpret what they are
supposed to signify? Note that at this stage you should still feel free to delete slides, modify
slides, or create new slides to correct mistakes or deficiencies in your presentation.
Diff: 3
Skill: Application
Objective: 4
AACSB: Communication Abilities
Learning Outcome: Describe steps for developing oral and online presentations

15

39) The title slide of your presentation should contain

A) your name.
B) your department affiliation (for internal audiences).
C) your company affiliation (for external audiences).
D) all of the above.
Answer: D
Explanation: D) In addition to your name and department or company, you may wish to date the
slide.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 5
AACSB: Communication Abilities
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
40) You can create a well-organized presentation by using a ________ at each major section
break to announce the title of the section that's about to begin.
A) storyline
B) pull quote
C) bumper slide
D) hyperlink
Answer: C
Explanation: C) You can insert a bumper slide at each major section break in a presentation,
announcing the title of the section you're about to begin.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 5
AACSB: Communication Abilities
Learning Outcome: Describe steps for developing oral and online presentations
41) Printed materials that you give to the audience to supplement your presentation should be
A) incidental to your overall presentation strategy.
B) an integral part of your presentation strategy.
C) distributed to your audience during your presentation.
D) out of sync with your slides and your spoken message.
Answer: B
Explanation: B) View handouts as an integral part of your presentation strategy so that they
work in harmony with your slides and spoken message.
Diff: 3
Skill: Concept/Application
Objective: 5
AACSB: Communication Abilities
Learning Outcome: Describe steps for developing oral and online presentations

16

42) A title slide

A) is the equivalent of a report's cover and title page.
B) defines the topic of the presentation and informs the audience why you are speaking on the
topic.
C) lists the topics you plan to cover in your presentation.
D) always contains the word "Introduction."
Answer: A
Explanation: A) A title slide serves the same purpose as the title page of a report. It identifies
who you are and what your presentation is about. If you post your presentation on the Internet
the title page will identify you for audiences in cyberspace.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 5
AACSB: Communication Abilities
Learning Outcome: Describe steps for developing oral and online presentations
43) In an upcoming presentation, you plan to cover three important changes to your employees'
working hours. The proper place to list this plan would be the ________ slide.
A) cover
B) introduction
C) agenda
D) teaser
Answer: C
Explanation: C) An agenda slide takes care of local "housekeeping" chores, such as plans for the
company picnic or URLs for logging into backchannels.
Diff: 3
Skill: Application
Objective: 5
AACSB: Communication Abilities
Learning Outcome: Describe steps for developing oral and online presentations

17

44) ________ slides indicate which material has been covered and which section you are about
to begin.
A) Title
B) Agenda
C) Navigation
D) None of the above
Answer: C
Explanation: C) Navigation slides allow you to view how much of the presentation is over and
how much is still left to cover. This not only helps speakers gauge time to see if they should
speed up or slow down, it also allows audience members to participate in the process and say
things like, "Speed up, we're running out of time," or "Slow down, you've got plenty of time
left."
Diff: 3
Skill: Concept
Objective: 5
AACSB: Communication Abilities
Learning Outcome: Describe steps for developing oral and online presentations
45) Which of the following would be an appropriate handout to accompany an oral presentation?
A) An interesting but unrelated news article
B) A list of relevant websites
C) A photo of you, with a caption listing all of your qualifications
D) Any of the above
Answer: B
Explanation: B) Handouts serve the function of covering all material that you didn't have time or
space to cover in the presentation. A list of relevant websites that refer to topics you mentioned in
your presentation would be an appropriate handout.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 5
AACSB: Communication Abilities
Learning Outcome: Describe steps for developing oral and online presentations
46) Thanks to software such as Microsoft PowerPoint, preparing presentation visuals now
requires almost no planning.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Visuals must be planned with the same care and attention to detail that text reports
and messages are planned.
Diff: 1
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication

18

47) A major advantage of electronic presentations is the ability to make changes easily at the last
minute.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: The advantage to electronic visuals is that changes and modifications are easy to
make and as permanent as you want them to be. Using presentation programs you can
experiment with different designs and approaches to see which one works best for your material.
Diff: 1
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
48) Major disadvantages of electronic presentations include the potential for hardware and
software malfunctions and the time and effort it takes to master software programs.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Looked at objectively, the disadvantages of electronic presentations are fairly
minor. That is why virtually all businesses use computer software for their presentations in
today's business world.
Diff: 1
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
49) Overhead transparencies are old-fashioned visuals that are no longer used in business.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Some people still use overhead transparencies. Their one great advantage is that
they can be written on with a pen at any time. They are also permanent items that can't fail, for
example, if there is a power outage in the building.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1
AACSB: Communication Abilities
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication

19

50) It is a good idea to have a separate plan for each slide you make for a presentation.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Individual slides are analogous to individual sections of a written document. Each
slide needs to be thought out well in advance. Slides also need to be looked at in sequence to see
how well they fit together and tell a visual story.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1
AACSB: Communication Abilities
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
51) Chalkboards and whiteboards are old-fashioned and inappropriate for any serious business
presentation.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Many people still prefer a chalkboard for expressing ideas. Whiteboards improve
on chalkboards by replacing messy chalk with ink pens and allowing board data to be saved and
distributed using an electronic whiteboard.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1
AACSB: Communication Abilities
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
52) Flip charts are particularly effective for recording ideas during group brainstorming sessions.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Many group leaders like the process of scribbling ideas on a flip chart and then
flipping to a new sheet to accommodate a new idea.
Diff: 1
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1
AACSB: Communication Abilities
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication

20

53) Screencasting allows you to record what takes place on your screen into a little video that
can be emailed to other users so they can view how to use software programs.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Imagine you are having trouble with your new computer illustration program. An
expert user can record the process of creating an entire illustration and send you the recording so
you can view a step by step video of how to use the software.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
54) It is preferable to work on the design of an electronic presentation before concentrating on
the content.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Content and design should both be conceptualized together. The outline for your
text and sketches for your visuals should be done together to end up with a well-balanced
product in which text and image work well together.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
55) Because they contain more textual information than structured slides, free-form slides
require less preparation and practice on the part of the speaker.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Free-form slides contain less, not more text information than structured slides.
They also require as much or more planning than structured slides. A single free-form
presentation typically requires many more slides than a similar structured presentation.
Diff: 2
Skill: Application
Objective: 2
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication

21

56) "Slideument" refers to a slide set that is intended to be a stand-alone item that can be
appreciated without the aid of a speaker.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Theoretically, slideuments exist as visual-text hybrids that are so cleverly made
that they don't require a speaker to explain their meaning. In real life, many experts think that
slideuments are inadequate both as text and as visuals. Nevertheless, slideuments are popular in
today's business world.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 3
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
57) When creating text or graphics slides, it is important to keep content and graphics as simple
and readable as possible.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Simplicity has several advantages. Creating simple items is usually easier and
takes less time than complicated graphics. Keeping it simple has benefits for the viewer as well,
reducing the likelihood of distraction, confusion, and misinterpretation. Finally, the more
complicated a graphic is, the more chance there is for something to go wrong.
Diff: 1
Skill: Concept
Objective: 3
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
58) Studies have shown that as long as the content of a presentation is compelling and well
organized, it will have basically the same effect whether or not it's presented in color.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Color has an enormous effect on perception, accounting for 60 percent of people's
acceptance or rejection of an idea, for example, in one study. Another study found that color
could increase memory retention by 75 percent.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 3
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication

22

59) Regardless of language differences, colors have the same meaning in all cultures.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Colors have different meanings and interpretations in different cultures. So a
designer should not expect the same response to a color scheme in foreign cultures.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 3
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Multicultural and Diversity Understanding
Learning Outcome: Describe the opportunities and challenges of communicating in a diverse
world
60) The best background for your slides is one with a colorful, interesting pattern that will grab
the audience's attention.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: In general, backgrounds should be plain and unassuming with no artwork at all.
The purpose of a background is to provide is to provide a visual backdrop, not to grab the
audience's attention.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 3
AACSB: Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
61) When selecting fonts and type styles for slides, you should avoid script or decorative fonts.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: In general, all visual elements in a business environment should aim to be
functional, not decorative. That includes decorative fonts that have no place in business visuals.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 3
AACSB: Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
62) In most cases, text slides should contain a maximum of 4-5 lines with no more than 4 or 5
words per line.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: The reason for this limitation is to make sure that the slide does not get
overburdened with text. Twenty words seems to be about the most a slide can handle before it
begins to look cramped and hard to read.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 3
AACSB: Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
23

63) When writing content for electronic slides, it is best to use passive voice whenever possible.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: The passive voice robs a presentation of energy. To make slides seem lively and
engaging, use the active voice.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 4
AACSB: Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
64) On slides for business presentations, you should use as little white space as possible.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: White space should be used generously to give viewers enough contrast and
balance to be able to discern and interpret the slide at a glance.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 3
AACSB: Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
65) Using builds can help prevent your audience from reading ahead during your presentation.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: An excellent use of a build is to have bullet points appear one by one on a list. That
allows the speaker to focus on only one point at a time.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 4
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
66) Including hyperlinks limits your ability to customize a presentation for different audiences
and situations.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Rather than limit customization, hyperlinks enable customization of a presentation
by allowing you to click to alternate websites when convenient. For example, you may choose to
click on a hyperlink that shows the one stock price for one audience, and a different stock price
for another audience.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 4
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
24

67) The "slide sorter view" in presentation software allows you to see a batch of slides, either all
at once or in significant portions.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: The slide sorter function makes arranging slides quick and easy.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 4
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
68) A "title slide" is a basic slide with just the word "Introduction" on it that serves as the first
slide in your presentation.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: The title slide should include the speaker's name, the title of the presentation, and
the speaker's department (for internal presentations) or company (for external presentations).
Diff: 2
Skill: Application
Objective: 5
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
69) You can use "moving blueprint slides" at several points in your presentation, but not at the
end.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: A moving blueprint slide tells the audience where it's been and where it's going. To
review the entire presentation, the blueprint slide can be shown at the end of the presentation.
Diff: 3
Skill: Concept
Objective: 5
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
70) Electronic presentations do not necessarily eliminate the need for you to provide the
audience with handouts.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Handouts of important supplemental material are considered standard in most
business circles.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 5
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
25

71) Microsoft PowerPoint and Apple Keynote are popular software programs for creating
________ slides.
Answer:
electronic
Explanation: PowerPoint is the industry standard. PowerPoint is so popular that slide
presentations are often referred to as "PowerPoint presentations."
Diff: 1
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
72) A(n) ________ consists of large sheets of paper attached at the top like a tablet.
Answer: flip chart
Explanation: When working in groups for such activities as brainstorming sessions, flip charts
are often thought to be an aid to developing "group memory" of the ideas developed in the
session.
Diff: 1
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1
AACSB: Communication Abilities
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
73) Unlike free-form slides, ________ slides follow the same basic format throughout the
presentation.
Answer: structured
Explanation: Structured slides generally present a less imaginative, more consistent approach to
slide design. A single format, or a few variations of a format, recur throughout a structured
presentation. This gives the audience predictable visual cues and a consistent look that is easy to
understand and follow.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 2
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication

26

74) To make the text on your slides more readable, write short ________ phrases rather than long
sentences.
Answer: bulleted
Explanation: Short bulleted phrases can generally be understood at a single glance by viewers.
Long sentences, on the other hand, often must be decoded and interpreted before they are
understood.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 4
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
75) When modifying text for electronic slides, it is best to ________ the amount of words each
one contains.
Answer:
reduce
Explanation: In general, the fewer words that can be used to fully express an idea on a slide, the
better the slide is. So in most cases, decreasing the number of words is the best way you can edit
your slide.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 4
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
76) For electronic presentations in dark rooms, it is best to use dark colors for the ________, a
midrange of brightness for illustrations, and light colors for the ________.
Answer:
background, text
Explanation: In a dark room, you want the text to stand out most, so bright colors for text are
required. Bright text necessitates dark background for contrast. With bright text and dark
background, midrange tones are the best choice for illustrations. Midrange tones won't conflict
with the bright text or disappear into the dark background.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 3
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Describe steps for developing oral and online presentations

27

77) Software programs such as PowerPoint offer a(n) ________ ________ feature that allows
you to preset all your design choices, which are then automatically applied to all new slides.
Answer: slide master
Explanation: Slide master performs the same function as a "style" choice in a word processing
program. The slide master preserves all design choices for slides that get automatically applied to
any new slides you create.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 3
AACSB: Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
78) ________ control how one electronic slide replaces another on screen.
Answer: Transitions
Explanation: With slide transitions, simple is best. Don't get lured into using flashy animations
in business presentations. Your audience will get distracted and annoyed and you will be seen as
unprofessional.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 4
AACSB: Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
79) ________ enable you to make individual elements on a slide appear one at a time rather than
all at once.
Answer: Builds
Explanation: A build can, for example, allow bullet points to appear one by one from a list. The
speaker can pause on one bullet point and discuss it, then move on to the next bullet point when
she is ready.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 4
AACSB: Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication

28

80) ________ ________ are preprogrammed hyperlink icons available in presentation software.
Answer: Action buttons
Explanation: Rather than underlined blue text to indicate a hyperlink, an action button is a
button or other graphic element that functions as a hyperlink.
Diff: 3
Skill: Concept
Objective: 4
AACSB: Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
81) A(n) ________ slide is the equivalent of a report's cover and title page.
Answer: title
Explanation: The title slide should always be the first slide presented. It identifies the speaker
and the title of the presentation.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 5
AACSB: Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
82) ________ slides tell your audience where you've been and where you're going in your
presentation.
Answer: Navigation
Explanation: Navigation slides are useful for both the speaker and the audience. Speakers and
audience members can both use navigation slides to gauge where they are in a presentation.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 5
AACSB: Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
83) A(n) ________ ________ slide signals that you are moving from one major part of the
presentation to another.
Answer: moving blueprint
Explanation: The moving blueprint slide highlights the section you are currently on and shows
the other sections in un-highlighted text.
Diff: 3
Skill: Concept
Objective: 5
AACSB: Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication

29

84) ________ slides appear at each major section break and announce the title of the section
you're about to begin.
Answer: Bumper
Explanation: Bumper slides do not review previous sections or preview future sections. They are
simply section breaks.
Diff: 3
Skill: Concept
Objective: 5
AACSB: Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
85) A good way to give audiences additional information without overloading your slides is to
provide ________ for them to take away from the presentation.
Answer: handouts
Explanation: Handouts function to provide any additional information that the audience needs.
For example, a graph that contains too much detail to be discerned on the screen can be provided
in a handout so the audience can appreciate its details.
Diff: 1
Skill: Concept
Objective: 5
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
86) List at least three types of visuals commonly used in business presentations.
Answer: (1) Overhead transparencies, (2) electronic slides, (3) chalkboards and whiteboards,
and (4) flip charts.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1
AACSB: Communication Abilities
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
87) What presentation tools are often used for small-group sessions?
Answer: Chalkboards, whiteboards, and flip charts are all effective tools for recording points
made during small-group sessions.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1
AACSB: Communication Abilities
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication

30

88) Describe at least two advantages of using color in business presentations.

Answer: Color visuals can account for 60 percent of an audience's acceptance or rejection of an
idea. It can increase willingness to read by up to 80 percent, and it can enhance learning and
improve retention by more than 75 percent.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1
AACSB: Communication Abilities
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
89) A colleague uses dozens of clip art images in almost every presentation. She asks you for
advice on how to improve the quality of her electronic slides. What advice would you give her
on using clip art, and how would you explain it?
Answer: She should stop using clip art, unless specific images that have communication value.
Clip art is probably the biggest troublemaker in decorative art because it is so easy to misuse.
Few clip art images have any informative value, and they can give an unprofessional, cartoony
appearance to your slides.
Diff: 2
Skill: Synthesis
Objective: 3
AACSB: Communication Abilities, Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
90) What two types of artwork can be included in the foreground of electronic slides? Briefly
explain the distinction between these types.
Answer: This artwork can be functional or decorative. Functional artwork includes photos,
technical drawings, charts, and other visual elements containing information that's part of your
message. Decorative artwork simply enhances the look of your slides.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 3
AACSB: Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
91) How can you determine the best font size for the text in an electronic presentation?
Answer: The best size depends on the room(s) in which you'll be presenting. The farther the
audience is from the screen, the larger your type needs to be.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 3
AACSB: Communication Abilities
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
31

92) You're tired of wasting hours making design changes to one slide at a time in your electronic
presentations. What software feature (common in presentation software such as PowerPoint)
would be helpful in this situation, and what is its function?
Answer: A slide master is a software feature that enables you to choose specific colors, fonts,
and design elements that automatically show up on every slide in your presentation.
Diff: 2
Skill: Application
Objective: 3
AACSB: Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
93) Briefly explain the function builds play in electronic presentations.
Answer: Builds control the release of text, graphics, and other elements on individual slides. For
example, you can use them to make bullet points appear one at a time rather than having all of
them appear at once.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 4
AACSB: Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
94) What is a title slide?
Answer: A title slide is the equivalent of a report's cover and title page. It contains the title of
your presentation, your name, your department affiliation (for internal audiences), and your
company affiliation (for external audiences). It may also include the date and an appropriate
graphic element.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 5
AACSB: Use of IT
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
95) What is the potential disadvantage of distributing handout copies of your slides before your
presentation begins?
Answer: Distributing copies of your slides before your presentation begins allows your audience
to read ahead instead of listening to you. Doing so is especially risky if your subject is a touchy
one and you've chosen an indirect approach.
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 5
AACSB: Communication Abilities
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
32

96) Describe seven strategies for writing readable content for slides.
Answer: The first step is to limit each slide to one thought, concept, or idea. For most slides, you
should also limit the content to 4-5 lines of text containing 4-5 words per line, and avoid showing
multiple text-heavy slides in a row. It is also more effective to write short bulleted phrases
instead of long sentences. You should use complete sentences only when you need to share a
quotation or other text word-for-word. When it comes to items in lists, make sure to state them in
parallel grammatical form to facilitate quick reading. Use the active voice rather than the passive
to make your slides easy to read, and include short informative titles.
Diff: 3
Skill: Concept
Objective: 4
AACSB: Communication Abilities
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
97) Describe the eight factors you should consider when completing slides and other visuals.
Answer: First, make sure that your visuals are readable. Consider questions such as, Can text be
read from the back of the room? Does the font color stand out from the background? Second,
look for consistency in terms of colors and designs. Third, check your visuals for simplicity.
Should some information be illustrated by a chart, diagram, or picture? Should some be
eliminated or moved? Fourth, make sure the design elements you've used are appropriate for
your audience. Fifth, make sure the visuals are clear. Is the main point of each slide obvious and
easy to comprehend in just a few seconds? Sixth, check the text of your slides for conciseness
and to eliminate any grammatical errors. Seventh, make sure your slides are focusedeach one
should cover only one thought, concept, or idea. It should also grab the reader's attention in the
right place and support the key points of your message. Finally, verify that each slide in your
presentation is fully operational and that the animations and other special effects work as you
intended.
Diff: 3
Skill: Synthesis
Objective: 4
AACSB: Communication Abilities
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication

33

98) Explain the content and function of the three types of navigation and support slides.
Answer: Navigation and support slides add "finish" to your presentation and provide additional
information to benefit your audience. Title slides are the equivalent of a report's cover and title
page, and they present basic information about you, your organization, and your presentation.
Agenda and program details slides communicate both the agenda for your presentation and any
additional information that your audience might need. Navigation slides tell your audience where
you're going and where you've been in the presentation. They include moving blueprint slides,
which show what material has been covered and which section you are about to begin. Another
example is the bumper slide, which appears at each major section break and announces the title
of the section you're about to begin.
Diff: 3
Skill: Concept
Objective: 5
AACSB: Communication Abilities
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication
99) Explain five types of materials that are often best presented on handouts.
Answer: Materials that are best presented on handouts include: (1) Complex charts and
diagrams. These can be overwhelming if you include them in the presentation, so presenters
commonly use stripped down versions in their presentation slides and provide more detailed
versions in a handout. (2) Articles and technical papers that supplement information in your
presentationproviding these as a handout allows you to highlight material from them during
your presentation. (3) Case studies. Be sure to include references and contact information with
these. (4) Recommended resources related to your topic. It's best to annotate each of these in a
handout, providing a one- or two-sentence summary of each site's content. (5) Copies of
presentation slides. Audiences often like to have small printed versions of a presenter's slides,
complete with the speaker's comments and blank lines for note taking.
Diff: 3
Skill: Concept
Objective: 5
AACSB: Communication Abilities
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication

34

100) Describe some considerations to keep in mind in timing the distribution of your handouts.
Answer: Timing the distribution of your handouts depends on the content of your handouts, the
nature of your presentation, and your personal preference. Some speakers prefer to distribute
handout copies of their slides before the presentation begins so that the audience can take notes.
Doing so can be risky, however, particularly if you've organized your talk with the indirect
approach, because the audience can read ahead and reach the conclusion and recommendations
before you're able to build up to them yourself. Other speakers simply advise the audience of the
types of information they are including in handouts but delay distributing anything until they
have finished speaking.
Diff: 3
Skill: Concept
Objective: 5
AACSB: Communication Abilities
Learning Outcome: Summarize the steps involved in planning, selecting, and producing a visual
business communication

35