sesin

Gramtica
1.The Spanish alphabet.
Pronunciation and
orthography. Vowels and
consonants.
2.The syllable and the
Spanish
phonetic
and
spelling accent.
4. The personal pronouns.
5. Los nombres (Names
and substantives: genre
and number. Artculo
indefinido y definido.

Lxico
3. Personal
Identification.
Presentaciones. The
verbs SER y
LLAMARSE. Lxico
bsico del ambiente
domstico objetos
en el cuarto, objetos
de la casa.

1.The Spanish alphabet.Pronunciation and orthography

The Spanish alphabet is formed by the next letters:

You can see that there are only five vowels.

The names of the letters are feminine: la ele, la jota, la ere/erre...
In general in Spanish there are not too differences between the writing
and the pronunciation.
The letter h isnt pronounced.

A. Groups of letters that represent just one sound.

The next groups of letters represent a just sound:
ch [t]
ll []
rr [r]
champ chocolate

ella llave

perro correr

The letter q always is beside of the letter u (la letter u is not

pronounced). This group is combined always with e and i:
qu [k]

[quatro]
c

queso quiero aqu que

B. Some letters can represent different sounds.

LETTERS
a gato
apagar amiga
o gota
gorra mago
u gustar
agua
antiguo

SOUND

[g]
e guerra

juguete

i guitarra

conseguir

gu

gerundio

In some words
(a few words) is pronounced
the letter u. In these cases
the letter u is written with
diaeresis: vergenza, pingino.

ngel
[x]

g
i

gitano

comer

frgil

poco
[k]

c
u

cuado

cenar

cocina

oscuro
The most
of the Spanish speakers
[]
encima dont pronounce in these
cases the sound [ ] like [s]:
cenar [senr]; cocina [cosina]...
hacer

rr

Always is between vowels and is pronounced in strong

way:
carro

perro

erre

[]

hierro

Its pronounced in strong way at the beginning of the word:

ropa
rer
ro
Roma
[]
and when goes after l, n o sub-:
Enrique
alrededor
[alrrededor] [Enrrique]
subrayar
r
r

Its pronounced in soft way in the rest of cases:

caro

mejorar

empezar

ahora transporte
[r]

crece gracias
seor flor
y

abrazo
pero

salir
poder

aprendo

At the begining of the word and between vowels:

[]
yo
yate yegua
ayer haya leyendo

At the end of word or only:

[i]
hoy hay rey

Paraguay

detrs y delante

C. Different letter that represent one only sound.

c

qu

a
o
u

cama
correr
cubierto

poca
loco
oscuro

e
i

querer
quise

quedar
equipo

k vocal

Alaska

Keroseno (or queroseno) kilo (or quilo)

[k]

whisky (or gisqui)

kurdo (or curdo)

In Spanish there are very little that are written with

k, and a lot of they are written also with c or qu.

cerrar

The most of the Spanish

speakers pronounce in
these cases [] like [s]:
cerrar[sear];plaza [plsa]...

pertenece

[]

a
o
u

zapato
zoo
zurdo

broma
obtener

These are a bit of words

that are written with
ze/zi: zeta, zigzag...

plaza
zorro
zumo

Barcelona
cambio
[b]

vaso

volver

enviar

mujer

gente

[x]
j

ll

lluevellamar

girar

jirafa

pollo
[]

haya

playa

yo

D. La
is a letter that only appear in Spanish:
[]
espaol

nio

ensear

baera

2.The syllable and the Spanish phonetic and spelling accent

The words are formed by syllables. A syllable is a group of
sounds that pronounce at the same time, in a only hit of voice:
ven ho-ja plan-ta
[1 syl.] [2 syl.] [2 syl.]

co-ci-na
[3 syl.]

e-jem-plo
[3 syl.]

or-de-na-dor
[4 syl.]

All the words have a phonetic accent. A of the syllables have

more intensidad:

...

yo
so- f

e-llos

...
s-ba-do

do-min-go

po-l-ti-cos

qu-ta-se-lo
re-ga-ln-do-se-las

In Spanish the rhyme is in general: ...

In Spanish there is only one accent (acento or tilde): (). It is
always written on the vowels of the tonic syllable: , , , ,
(ca-f, m-vil, m-di-co...), considering the rhythm and the ending
of the word:

If it ends in
vowel, -n and -s:
WITH ACCENT
so-f
es-qu
jar-dn
sa-ln
de-trs
fran-cs

If it ends in
consonant
WITH ACCENT ALWAYS
(except -n and -s):
WITH ACCENT:
c-mic
m-si-ca
p-sa-me-lo
l-piz
pl-ta-no to-mn-do-se-las
l-bum

Finally when we have the stressed accent in i or u next to a, e or o,

those vowels (i or u) always have accent:
Ma-r-a

d-a

gr-a

a-h

le--do

o--do

3.Identicarse. Personal Identification

In administrative situation its possible to find:

The verbs SER y LLAMARSE: Present.

Vocabulary about home

Cuarto, habitacin
Cama Ordenador
Cuarto de bao
Saln-comedor
Salita (de estar)
Cocina

Ropero, armario
Televisin
Mueble-bar
Sof Silln
Ventana
Puerta

Escritorio
Mesa
Silla
Pared
Techo
Suelo

Espejo

4. Los Pronombres personales. The personal pronouns

The people who talk:

yo (sing)

nosotros, (pl)
nosotras

vosotros,
vosotras

The people who we talk of:

usted(respect) ustedes(respect)
The people who are talked of: l, ella

ellos, ellas

In Spanish the use of personal pronouns have an emphasis meaning.

5.Substantives and the indefinite and definite article: genre

and number.
In Spanish the substantives have genre: masculine or feminine.
The mark of the genre is the definite article.
MASCULINOS un/el arte, un/el pas
la/una poltica

FEMENINOS una/la mesa,

When a feminine substantive begin for strong a, we use the

masculine singular article: el/un agua, el/un arma, el/un alma.
In Spanish there is a indefinite article (un/unos; una/unas) and
a definite article (el/los; la/las). The use is similar of English. So the
indefinite one is used when we want to talk about an unknown
thing or person by the listener until that moment. In the other hand,
the definite one refers the thing or person just known in the
conversation. The indefinite article is used as well like a pronouns
when doesnt appear in front of the substantive.

By other side, the substantives have also different ends for the
genre:

And all the substantives have its form in singular and plural: