GRAPHS / CHARTS

- The table/chart/graph shows / describes / illustrates/ compares

+ According to
+ As (is) shown in
+ As can be seen from
+ THE chart /
+ It can be seen from
+ It is clear / apparent / obvious from
+ It has been observed from
- Turning now to the figures for the UK,
- The first point to note is
- The most noticeable change in subject percentages is the decrease in the number of
- The trends clearly demonstrate that growth can be expected to continue
- The number of . is negligible, only 3000 per year.
- The largest consumer was North America / The second largest consumer was Latin America
- Africa and the Middle East remained fairly small consumers at 7 per cent of the total volume of sales
- It can be seen clearly that Family pressure was the highest rate which is quoted at 70%
- The most striking / notable feature from the data is that / Another noteworthy feature is that
- Shares were valued at approximately $35
- They dipped a little in mid-1997 and then peaked at $80 per share in mid-98
- perhaps once again reflecting the fact that / which seems to be a reflection of the fact that
- It is worth mentioning that
- In the lower rates, 45% of those individuals agreed that
- This is most evident in photographic film
- Over this span of 20 years,
- From 1977 onwards / backwards .

- the 40-plus age range

From 1950 to the next 40 years = Throughout the 40 years from 1950
Annually/ per annum/ yearly
Per capita = per head
Negligible = insignificant = slight
Level rise
Rate increase
The proportion of women to men in the workforce increased
Less than half as much, namely 34%,
* S gia tng:
- show an upward trend / see an increasing trend
- shot up to 75%
The number of cars
Increased/ soared
Jumped
Rose
Exceeded
Expanded
Climbed
Developed
Gained
Escalated
Doubled / trebled
Multiply
Accelerated
Decreased
Dropped
Fell
Diminished
Lowered
written by chauducdung

Suddenly
Rapidly
Dramatically
Significantly
Sharply
Steeply
Steadily
Gradually
Slowly
Slightly

From to

There was a (very)

There was

Went down
Reduced
Contracted
Shrank
Depleted + O (lam` kiet.)
plunged
Fluctuated / varied
Sudden
Rapid
Dramatic
Significant
Sharp
Steep
Steady
Gradual
Slow
Slight
Negligible (insignificant)

Little
Hardly any
No
Reach

Increase
Jump
Upsurge
Rise
Expansion
Development
Doubling
Growth
Gain
Decrease
Drop
Decline
Fall
Downturn
Depletion
Lessening
Lowering
Fluctuation
Change

In the number of cars from

to

In the number of cars sold

a new high of
a peak of .
its lowest point
an all-time low

- experienced a (similar) boom in production

- the huge increase in the number of (people)
- the biggest gains in (graduate numbers) were made by (Science)
- (A) increased/gained / jumped by over 8%
- a threefold increase in the number of
- rise dramatically / almost to / reach (10%)
- a significantly smaller increase
- The overall trend shows fluctuation with slight increased towards the end of the period
- Music choice gained popularity, slightly improving to get the original strength of 30,000 viewers on screen
- Both gained remarkable recovery after a few fluctuations for 8th and 9th day
- reaching to their peaks of one and a half thousand new viewers for Pop Parade on 11th day / hit a peak
- Chips has been in decline over that same period with a slight increase in popularity since 1985.
- exponential curve (ng s m)
* S gim:
- (Architect) experiences a decrease in popularity with (younger graduates)
- (A) declined by almost / approximately / around (4%)
- the biggest loss was to (engineer), which decreased from 23% to 3% of the whole.
- Tend to decrease
- decline to less than (20%), recovered in 1999 but fell below 20% in 2000
written by chauducdung

- Internet dropped slowly- reaching maximum fall of 40,000 on 7th day. It drops rapidly to 32% up to the
third decade of life
- their value fell consistently
- salaries saw a fall from 29% in 1999 to only 12% of spending in 2001
- consumption was still minimal / maximal
* Khng thay i
- The rates for the next three areas were much higher and quite similar to each other
- France and Italy generally maintain middle positions, averaging approximately similar spending overall
- Italy spending on personal stereos is only marginally greater than that of France, while spending on toys is
equal between the two.
- remain / stay stable / almost constant / relatively unchanged / invariable / unvarying/ unchanging
- it leveled off
- it didnt change to the same extent as
- reached a plateau of around (binh on sau qua trinh tang truong nhanh)
Reach a peak / a high point
Sharp rise

Steady drop

dramatic fall /
Sharp drop

gradual increase

(to) reach a plateau

(to) remain steady
Hit a trough
(to) bottom out - (to) reach the / rock bottom - (to) reach a low point
* So snh:
- (the load capacity) varies slightly between 5 and 6 kilos.
- Low income earners appear to spend less than other income groups
- From the graph we can see that in 1970, fish and chips were twice as popular as burgers
- The chart shows that Britain, among the four European countries listed, has spent most heavily on the range of
consumer goods included
- In contrast, Germany is generally the lowest spender
- Differences in sleep patterns appear to reflect differences in individuals' occupations.
- The highest number of landlines in the graph is in Denmark, the lowest figures
- In all 3 years, the greatest expenditure was on staff salaries.
- The cost of furniture and equipment saw an opposite trend
- in similar quantities
- both far below the level of consumption
* Table and pie charts:
- constitute/account for / made up / comprised 35% and 69% respectively
- a further 80% of global degradation is due to
- These two pie charts show the differences between (two groups) in terms of (their qualifications)
* Kt lun:
- It is clear from the data given that there are some significant differences in spending habits within Europe.
- Ultimately / In the final analysis

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ESSAY
Nhng cu vn nhm thuyt phc tm quan trng ca vn :
One of the most significant current discussions in legal and moral philosophy is
It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the
X is the leading cause of death in western industrialized countries.
X is a common disorder characterized by
X is an important component in the climate system, and plays a key role in Y.
In the new global economy, X has become a central issue for ......
In the history of development A, X has been thought of as a key factor in
Xs are one of the most widely used groups of antibacterial agents and
Xs are the most potent anti-inflammatory agents known.
X is an increasingly important area in applied linguistics.
* Ni v tm quan trng vi thi gian tnh
Recent developments in X have heightened the need for ......
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in ......
Recent developments in the field of X have led to a renewed interest in ......
The past decade has seen the rapid development of X in many .......
The past thirty years have seen increasingly rapid advances in the field of......
Over the past century there has been a dramatic increase in ......
Traditionally, Xs have subscribed to the belief that ......
Xs are one of the most widely used groups of antibacterial agents and have been extensively used for decades to
.......
* Nhn mnh vn trong nghin cu
However, these rapid changes are having a serious effect ......
Despite its safety and efficacy, X suffers from several major drawbacks:
There is increasing concern that some Xs are being disadvantaged ......
Questions have been raised about the safety of prolonged use of ......
* cp n cc nghin cu trc
Numerous studies have attempted to explain ..... (for example, Smith , 1996; Kelly, 1998; Johnson, 2002)
Several attempts have been made to ....... (Smith, 1996; Jones 1999; Johnson, 2001)
Several studies investigating X have been carried out on ......
Data from several sources have identified the increased morbidity and mortality associated with obesity
The relationship between X and Y has been widely investigated (Smith, 1985; Jones, 1987, .......
The causes of X have been widely investigated (Jones, 1987; Johnson, 1990; Smith, 1994).
The geology of X has been addressed in several small scale investigations and .......
Xs have been identified as major contributing factors for the decline of many species (1).
* Expressing your opinion:
- I would argue that
- I firmly believe that
- It seems to me that
- As far as I can see / tell
- People argue that

- Some people say that

- It is understood that it is generally accepted that
- It is widely believed that
- It can only indicate that
- I tend to think that

* Disagreeing with an opinion:

- I am unconvinced that
- It is hard to accept that
- There is little evidence to support the idea that
- It is unjustifiable to say that
- It can not be true that
- It is not true to say that = it can not determine

- I find it hard to agree

- Nothing could be further from the truth because
- Perhaps this is true, but it cannot be denied that
- This is partly true, then again,
- Those who disagree point out / believe / may argue
that

written by chauducdung

* Defining:
- By this I mean
- To be more precise
- What I mean here is
- Here Im (not) referring to
* Supporting an idea:
- As an example / A good example of this is = In particular = particularly
- Naturally
- If this is the case then
- In my experience
- Let me illustrate
- This essay will consider (the second of these questions)
- similarly = equally = in the same way
- in conclusion, it appears that
- is the most significant factor in
- That is = that is to say = namely = to put it simply = in other words = in that case
- deceptive (a)

written by chauducdung

- There are some arguments on both sides, but on the whole I prefer the arguments for/against
- It goes on to say that.
approximately
roughly = about

written by chauducdung