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[Freedom Struggle] Bhagat Singh bogus FIR, Tatya Tope 200th

Anniversary, Ghadhar Party 100 years
Posted By Mrunal On 20/06/2014 @ 11:01 am In History | 30 Comments

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Tatya Tope: 200 th Birth Anniversary

Bhagat Singh: Bogus FIR
Ghadar Party
Mock Questions for CSAT
Correct answers

Tatya Tope: 200th Birth Anniversary

full name: Ramchandra Pandurang Tope
1814: Born near Nasik, in a Brahmin family. So, 2014 marks his 200 th birth
anniversary therefore Tatya Tope automatically most important for UPSC!
(GS1) Discuss in brief, the Role of Tatya Tope in Indias struggle for independence.
(100 words)
1. Last Peshwa Bajirao II=> his adopted son Nana Saheb. Nana Saheb had two trusted
generals: Tatya Tope and Azimulla.
2. During the 1857 mutiny, Nana Saheb and Tatya liberated Kanpur from the British
3. Later, Nana Saheb sent Tatya Tope with 20,000 men to aid Jhansi queen Laxmibai
4. Tatya and Laxmibai together captured Gwalior but they could not save Jhansi from Sir
Hugh Rose.
5. Tatya was an expert in guerrilla warfare. He led attacks in Rajputana, Malwa,
Panchmahal and Banswara districts.
6. In Panchmahal he aimed to organize the Bhils against the British.
(95 words)
After thistwo versions about Tatyas death:

Version #1: Tatya was not hanged

Madhya Pradesh state school
textbook

Tatya lookalike was hanged in Shivpuri, MP.

The original Tatya killed in action (KIA) in a battle.

Tatyas descendent Parag Topes

book Operation Red Lotus

Tatya had died in battle in Chhipa Baroda, near

Guna.
Tatya was living under disguise, using different
names like Ram Singh, Jeel Jung, Rao Singh.
British officer had not seen Tatya, but East India
company had put a big bounty on Tatyas head.
Therefore, Major Meade captured a wrong guy and
hanged him to claim the reward and applaud.
After Tatyas death, Nana Saheb fought in Awadh,
later retreated into Himalayas.

Version #2: Tatya was hanged

1859, April: Tatyas own comrade ManSingh informed the British about his hideout.
Tatya was arrested and hanged.
May 2014: MP Governor Ram Naresh Yadav says Version#2 is right i.e. Tatya was
hanged.

Governor Yadav aims to publish a book Tatya Tope: Ek Swatantrata Sangram Senani,
to correct the error in MP school textbooks.
PS: Tamilnadu class11 textbook also agrees with Governor Yadav. Page 107, Tatya hanged for
Kanpur massacre.

Bhagat Singh: Bogus FIR

Timeline: Bhagat Singh
1907,
Sept
1919
1923
1924
1924,
Oct
1925

Born. Studied in Dayanand Anglo Vedic High School of Arya Samaj.

Visited the Jaliawalla massacre site
Joined National college, Lahore
Runs away from home to avoid marriage
HRA founded. Later renamed to HSRA Hindustan republican association. Founding
members: Bismil, Jogesh Chandra and Sachin Sanyal.
HRA/HSRA members loot cash of British Railways in Kakori, UP. Bismil, Ashfaqullah,
Rajendra Lahiri and Roshan Singh were hanged for this.

1928,
HSRA recruits new members, including Bhagat Singh.
Sept
1928,
Lahore SP Scott orders brutal lathicharge on Lala Lajpat Rai during protests against
Oct-Nov Simon commission. HSRA decides to avenge his death.
1928,
Dec

1. Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, Azad and Rajguru plan to kill SP Scott

2. But they kill DSP J.P. Saunders, because Jai Gopal identified wrong official
3. FIR registered in the Anarkali Police station of Lahore.

1929,
April

Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw bomb in the Central assembly, Delhi to
protest against

Public safety bill: Mainly to stop Communist movement in India by cutting it off from
British & foreign communist organizations.
Trade dispute bill: jail and fine for striking workers and trade unions.
After bombing, they voluntarily surrendered.
(As per Britannica, He bombed to protest against Defense of India Act.)
Bhagat had met Batukeshwar while working in Hindi daily Pratap in Kanpur
For this bombing, they got life sentence. (Bhagat hanged for Saunders).
1931
Bhagat Singh wrote a pamphel Why am I an Atheist while in jail.
From Bhagat singhs letters and writings, we can see he was influenced by Karl Marx,
Mazzini, Garibaldi, Tolstoy, Rousseau, Voltaire and Gorky.
1931, FebruaryGandhi-Irwin Pact (Delhi Pact). Lord Irwin rejected Gandhis demand of
commuting Bhagat Singhs death penalty to life sentence. Chandrasekhar Azad killed in a police
encounter in Allahabad, Alfred park.1931, March 23Hanged along with Rajguru & Sukhdev, at
Shadman Chawk, Lahore. for the Lahore Conspiracy case i.e. Murder of Saunders.
Yes, but Why in news?
May 2014: A Lahore lawyer found out the original FIR from Anarkali Police station.
The original FIR doesnt mention the names of any individual. But it only describes the
physical looks of the assailants.
So, it seems British officials would have added the names later.
Special tribunal had awarded death sentence to Bhagat Singh, without listening to 450
eye witnesses
Bhagat singhs lawyers were not given opportunity to cross examine the eye witnesses
Special tribunal promulgated an ordinance which stopped Bhagat singh from appealing in
High Court.
Now this Lahore Lawyer Imtiaz Qureshi, has filled a petition in Highcourt to prove Bhagat
Singhs innocence in this case.

Ghadar Party
Q. [GS Mains Paper 1] Write a note on the historic contributions of Ghadar party in
Indias struggle for independence. (10 marks | 200 words)
First brainstorm for ideas:
1. Are all years important? no, just focus on three: 1913 (setup), 1914: Komagata
2. Are all freedom fighters important? no, just focus on four: Hardayal, Premanand,
Bhkana, Ras Bihari
3. Canada, oppression
4. journal
5. mutiny idea- ship arrests
6. Ras Bihari fails,
7. two parties in India
Now lets create 200 words
Answer keypoints
During early 1900s, Canadian govt. had started imposing restriction on the immigration
and political rights of South Asians.
1913: Lala Hardayal, Bhai Parmananda and Sohan sigh Bhakhna setup Hindi Association
of Pacific Coast.
They started weekly journal Ghadar, in English and vernacular languages to expose
British exploitation of Indian economy and promote Nationalism among masses. Thus,
became famous as Ghadar party.
1914: Gadar leaders called upon all Indians abroad to return to India and wage an
armed revolt against the British- akin to 1857s mutiny.
But British authorities became alert, passed orders to detain people. This led to arrest of
Ghadarites from Namsang and Toshamaru ships.
1914: Komagata Maru ship was carrying Sikh immigrants to Canada. But Canada did not
allow them to enter. Ship returned Kolkata, but Immigrants refused to go back to
Punjab. Clashes with police, several deaths.
Later Rash Bihari Bose tried to wage an armed revolt but failed.
They also setup Kirti Kisan Party for workers and peasants in Punjab; Revolutionary
Party of India in Bengal and UP.
Despite their repeated failures and oppression under British, Ghadhar party created a feelings of
unity, sacrifice, nationalism and internationalism among the masses within India and abroad.
~205 words.

C2: Naduvattam jail, Tamilnadu

1604: Portuguese visit Nilgiris.
1850s: 2nd Opium war.
British arrested some Chinese, brought them to Naduvattam Jail.
When these Chinese were released, they settled in this area itself.
Started tea and Cinchona plantation. Cinchona used to fight malaria.

Mock Questions for CSAT

Q1. Correct statements about Bhagat Singh
a. He, Batukeshwar Dutt and Azad were the founding members of HRA.
b. He and Rajguru had surrendered after throwing bomb in Central assembly building.
c. He threw bomb in Central Assembly building to protest against Rowlett Act and Simon
Commission.
d. None of above
Q2. Bhagat Singh had bombed Central assembly building to protest against Public
safety bill and trade dispute bill. What was the purpose of public safety bill?
a. It aimed to curtail the sale of chemicals that could be used in making explosives and
firearms.
b. It aimed to curtail the Nationalist movement in India by empowering British police with

powers akin to those under Rowlett Act.

c. It aimed to curtail the communist activity in India by cutting it off from foreign
organizations.
d. None of above.
Q3. What did Tatya Tope do in 1857 mutiny?
1. With Laxmibai, he captured Gwalior.
2. With Begum Hazrat Mahal, he liberated Kanpur from British
3. Tried to organize Bhils of Panchamahal region against the British
Correct choices
a.
b.
c.
d.

only 1 and 2
only 1 and 3
only 2 and 3
All of them

Mains and Interview

1. (GSM1) Discuss the role of Bhagat Singh in freedom struggle of India. Why is there a
view he was hanged for a false case? (200 words)
2. (GSM1) Discuss in brief, the role of Tatya Tope in Indias first struggle for independence.
(100 words)

Correct answers
1. D none
2. C for communist
3. b only 1 and 3

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