CHAPTER 15 The Ferment of Reform and Culture, 1790-1860 Identify and state the historical significance of the following: 1 2 3. 4 5. 6 7 8 9, 10. i 12. 13, 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 2. 23. 24, 25; 26. 21. 28. 29. Dorothea Dix Stephen Foster James Russell Lowell William Miller ‘Washington Irving Oliver Wendell Holmes Lucretia Mott James Fenimore Cooper Elizabeth Blackwell Horace Mann Peter Cartwright ‘Noah Webster Blizabeth Cady Stanton Sylvester Graham Edgar Allan Poe ‘Susan B. Anthony Ralph Waldo Emerson Nathaniel Hawthorne Robert Owen Henry David Thoreau ‘Herman Melville Charles G. Finney William H, MeGuffey Joseph Smith Emma Willard Louis Agassiz Walt Whitman John J. Audubon Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Copyght © Houphion Mitin Company. A gh resend.‘Chapter 15: The Ferment of Reform and Culture, 1790-1860 199 30. Louisa May Alcott 31. Gilbert Stuart 32. Margaret Fuller 33. Francis Parkman 34. Brigham Young 35. Phineas T. Barmum 36. Stephen Foster i Describe and state the historical significance of the following: 37. American Temperance Society 38. Shakers 39, Maine Law 40, Unitarianism 41, Second Great Awakening 42, Hudson River school 43, Women’s Rights Convention 44, Knickerbocker group 48, Bumed-Over Distriet 46, Declaration of Sentirnents 47. transcendentalism 48, Millertes 49. Oneida Community $0. Mormons Il. SINGLE-ANSWER MULTIPLE CHOICE. ‘Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions. ‘Ans: a 51. ‘The Deist faith embraced all of the following except Page: = 321 a, the concept of original sin. b. the reliance on reason rather than revolution. ¢. belief in a Supreme Being. d._ belief'in human beings’ capacity for moral behavior. e. denial of the divinity of Jesus. Ans: a 52. Deists like Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin endorsed the Page: = 321 concept of a. revelation, b, — original sin. c. the deity of Christ. 4, a Supreme Being who ereated the universe, ¢. the imminent end of the world. ‘Copyrght © Houghton mtn Company. Al hts reserved.200 Chapter 15: The Ferment of Reform and Culture, 1790-1860 Ans: 53. By 1850, organized religion in America Page: 321 ‘a. retained the rigor of colonial religion , was ignored by three-fourths of the people. ¢. had lost some of its austere Calvinist rigor. 4. had grown more conservative. ©. had become tied to the upper classes. Ans: 54, Allthe following are true ofthe Second Great Awakening except that Page: 322 it a. resulted in the conversion of countless souls. b, encouraged a variety of humanitarian reforms. ©. strengthened democratic denominations like the Baptists and Methodists 4. was areaction against the growing liberalism in religion €. was not as large asthe First Great Awakening Ans: 55. ans endorsed the concept of Page: 322 a. the deity of Christ. b. original sin, , salvation through good works. 4. predestination. @. the Bible as the norm of doctrine. Ans: 56. An early-nineteenth-century religious rationalist sect devoted to the Page: 322 rule of reason and free will was the a. Unitarian. b. Seventh-Day Adventists ©. Methodists d. Mormons. Roman Catholics. Ans: b 57, Religious revivals of the Second Great Awakening resulted in Page: 322 a. little increase in church membership. ’b. _astrong religious influence in many areas of American life. ©. surprisingly few humanitarian reforms. . greater attention to church history and doe 2 all ofthe above. Ans: 58 Asarevivalist preacher, Charles Grandison Finney advocated Page: 322 ‘8. opposition to slavery. b. a perfect Christian kingdom on earth © opposition to alcohol 4. public prayer by women. e. allof the above. Ans d 59, ‘The greatest of the revival preachers of the Second Great Awakening Page: 322 was a. Joseph Smith. b. Horace Greeley. . ©. Carl Schurz, 4. Charles G. Finney. ©. Angelina Grimke. Copyright© Houghton Min Company. Al ight reserves.Ans: Page: Ans: Page: Ans: Page: 323 323, 323 323 323, 61 60. 6. 64, 65. Chapter 15: The Ferment of Reform and Culture, 1790-1860 204 ‘The Second Great Awakening tended to promote religious diversity reduce social class differences. blur regional differences. discourage church membership. ‘weaken women’s social position. ‘The Mormon religion originated in Utah, ‘New England, Nauvoo, Illinois Ireland. the Bumed-Over District of New York. peoge ‘The religious sects that gained most from the revivalism of the Second Great Awakening were the Roman Catholics and Episcopalians. Unitarians and Adventists. ‘Methodists and Baptists. ‘Congregationalists and Presbyterians, Lutherans and Mennonites. eapsp ‘The Second Great Awakening tended to a. widen the lines between classes and regions. b. open Episcopal and Presbyterian churches to the poor. unite southern Baptists and southem Methodists against slavery. : 44, bring the more prosperous and conservative eastern churches into the revivalist camps. increase the influence of educated clergy. ‘The original prophet of the Mormon religion was Ralph Waldo Emerson. Brigham Young. Charles G. Finney. the angel Moroni. Joseph Smith, paeee Which one of the following is feast related to the other four? Brigham, Young 8 Willan Miller c. The Book of Mormon G.SaleLake Ciy © poleamy (One characteristic of the Mormons that angered many non-Mormons was their highly individualistic life-styles. ‘unwillingness to vote. refusal to take up arms and defend themselves. ceraphasis on cooperative or group effort. flirtation with foreign governments. Copyright© Houghton Min Company. Al igh reserved,202 Chapter 15: The Ferment of Reform and Culture, 1790-1860 Ans ob 67. Many of the denominational liberal arts colleges founded as a result Page: 327 of the Second Great Awakening a. were academically distinguished institutions. lacked much intellectual vitality. ©. eventually gained tax-supported status. 4. offered a new, nontraditional curriculum. ©. opened their doors to Catholic students e 68. Tax-supported public education 325 a. existed mainly for the wealthy. . eliminated private and parochial education in the US. c. began in the South as early as 1800. 4. provided little opportunity forthe poor. ©. was deemed essential for social stability and democracy. Ans: a (69. In the first half ofthe nineteenth century, tax-supported schools were Page: 326 @. chiefly available to educate the children of the poor. 'b. most in evidence in the South ©. continuously opposed by wealthy, conservative whites. 4. open only to tuition-paying children of the well-to-do. €. more academically demanding than private academies. Ans: 70. Noah Webster's dictionary Page: 327 2. had itl impact until the twentieth century. . helped to standardize the American language. ©. was used to educate nineteenth-century slaves. 4. came to the United States from Britain in the 1800s. gave legitimacy to American slang. Ans: € 71, One strong prejudice inhibiting women from obtaining higher Page: 327 education in the early nineteenth century was the belief that 2. they would gain political and economic power through education, b. women were inherently conservative and opposed to social reform. ©. children should grow up without the influence of educated women, 4. the Constitution prohibited women from attending colleges. © too much leering would injure women’s brains and ruin their health, Ans: 72, Women became especially active inthe social reforms stimulated by a Page: 322,328 the Second Great Awakening because 2, evangelical religion emphasized their spiritual dignity and religious social reform legitimized their activity outside the home. bb. they refused to accept the idea that there was a special female role in society they were looking to obtain as much power as possible. ‘many of the leading preachers and evangelists were women. they saw the churches asthe first institutions that needed to be 7 reformed. ‘Copyight © Houphon Mifin Company. Al ighs resend.Ans: Page ‘Ans: Page: Ans: Page: Ans: Page: Ans: Page: Ans: Page: b 331 329 329-330 331 ‘ 331 e 330 B. 74, 45, 16. 7. 2B. Chapter 16: The Ferment of Reform and Culture, 790-1860 203 ! “Two areas where women inthe nineteenth centary were widely | thought to be superior to men were | physical strength and mental vigor. | moral sensibility and artistic refinement \ Political ability and organizational shrewsiness. sexual appetite and physical desire. economic competitiveness and capacity for education | | ‘New England reformer Dorothea Dix is most notable for her efforts on behalf of prison and asylum reform. the peace movement. the temperance movement. abolitionism. ‘women’s education, epese ‘The excessive consumption of alcohol by Americans in the 1800s a, was not recognized as a social problem. b. did not involve women. ©. held little threat for the family because everyone drank. 4d. had little impact on the efficiency of labor. . stemmed from the hard and monotonous life of many. Sexual differences were strongly emphasized in nineteenth-century ‘America because a. frontier life necessitated these distinctions. b. men were regarded as morally superior beings. ©. _itwas the duty of men to teach the young how to be good, productive citizens d. the market economy increasingly separated men and women into distinct economic roles. fe. women believed this emphasis brought them greater respect. (One sign that women in America were treated better than women in Europe was a. that American women could vote. b. thatthe law in the U.S. prohibited men from beating them, ¢. that ape was more severely punished inthe U.S. 4. that their ideas of equality were well received by American men. e. _ that American women eared respect by engaging in male activities. ‘Neal Dow sponsored the Maine Law of 1851, which called for a. the abolition of capital punishment. b. aban on war aban on polygamy. . woman suffrage. © aban on the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquor. 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