Professional Documents
Culture Documents
in MPLS
sbng@cisco.com
ttheera@cisco.com
limfung@cisco.com
Agenda
IETF Update
Transport Evolution
Ethernet Virtual Private Network
Segment Routing
Summary
IETF Update
MPLS
Layer 3 Virtual Private Networks (L3VPN)
Pseudowire Edge-to-Edge (PWE3)
Layer 2 Virtual Private Networks (L2VPN)
Common Control and Measurement Plane (CCAMP)
Path Computation Element (PCE)
Some MPLS related work also defined in IS-IS and OSPF working groups
L2VPN WG
Mature specifications for:
- Virtual Private Wire Service (VPWS): point-to-point L2 service
- Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS): multipoint-to-multipoint Ethernet service
ISIS WG
Responsible for IS-IS for IP
Current proposal to do MPLS label distribution (draft-previdi-filsfils-isissegment-routing)
IETF Summary
Rich set of MPLS specifications covering
MPLS forwarding (unicast and multicast)
Layer-3 and layer-2 services (unicast and multicast)
Seamless MPLS
MPLS transport profile (MPLS-TP)
L2VPN enhancements (PBB-EVPN, VPMS)
Segment Routing
Transport Evolution
Industry Trends
Many transport networks still based on SONET/SDH (circuit switching technology)
Packet-based growing fast and dominating traffic mix (driven by Video, Mobile, Cloud, application
migration to IP)
Increased changes in traffic patterns (mobility, cloud)
Transport networks migrating to packet switching for
Bandwidth efficiency (statistical multiplexing)
Bandwidth flexibility (bandwidth granularity, signaling)
Packet Network
(IP/MPLS)
Transport Network
(SONET/SDH)
Packet Network
(MPLS-TP)
11
12
MPLS
Transport Profile
MPLS Forwarding
P2P / P2MP LSP
Pseudowire
Architecture
OAM
Resilicency
GMPLS
MP2P / MP2MP LSP
IP forwarding
ECMP
New
extensions
based on
transport
requirements
Control plane
Static
Dynamic (GMPLS)
OAM
In-band
Continuity check, remote defect indication
Connectivity verification and route tracing
Fault OAM (AIS/LDI, LKR)
Performance management
Resiliency
50ms switchover
Linear protection (1:1, 1+1, 1:N)
Ring protection
13
IPv4
IPv6
IPv4 VPN
IPv6 VPN
VPMS
VPWS
VPLS
Transport
IP/MPLS (LDP/RSVP-TE/BGP)
MPLS-TP (Static/RSVP-TE)
MPLS Forwarding
2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
14
MPLS-TP Components
Forwarding
Plane
OAM
Protection
Control
Plane
Services
Bi-directional,
co-routed
LSPs
Static LSP
QoS
CC/RDI
On-demand
CV
Route Tracing
AIS/LDI/LKR
CFI (PW
Status)
Linear
protection (1:1,
1+1, 1:N)
Reversion
Wait-to-restore
timer
Static
Dynamic
(GMPLS)
Ethernet/VLAN
ATM
TDM
MS-PW
integration with
IP/MPLS
15
Path Diversity
R2
R1
R1
R2
Packet
Domain
Packet
Domain
Disjoint paths
Signaled
lambda
R1
R1
R2
R2
Packet
Domain
Signaled
lambda
R3
Packet
Domain
Disjoint paths
Optical Domain
R3
Optical Domain
16
GMPLS Introduction
Generalized control plane for different types of network devices
17
UNI
UNI
Head
Tail
UNI-C
UNI-C
Packet
Domain
RSVP
RSVP
UNI-N
RSVP
RSVP
UNI-N
Optical Domain
Control plane
Forwarding plane
18
R2
Packet
Domain
Signaled
lambda
R1
R2
Packet
Domain
Signaled
lambda
Optical Domain
19
UNI-N
Arrival of PATH message without ERO triggers path computation to destination across
optical domain
Establishment of optical path (trail) required for UNI signaling to proceed
20
UNI-C
UNI-N
1
UNI PATH
(upstream label = default lambda)
Head
initiates
tunnel
signaling
UNI-N
Optical path
computation, trail
signaling initiated
Trail Downstream PATH
Optical
impairment check
Optical
impairment check
Trail established
UNI-C
Trail established
6
UNI PATH ERROR
(upstream label = lambda)
UNI PATH
(upstream label = lambda)
Tunnel
established
8
UNI RESV
(Label = lambda)
Per-hop optical
parameters
UNI PATH
(upstream label = lambda)
UNI RESV
(Label = lambda)
Tunnel
established
UNI PATH
(upstream label = lambda)
UNI RESV
(Label = lambda)
21
R2
R1
Packet
Domain
Disjoint paths
R1
R3
R2
R3
Packet
Domain
Disjoint paths
Optical Domain
22
UNI-N
Arrival of PATH message without ERO triggers optical path computation to destination
across optical domain
LSP exclusions used as additional input for optical path computation
Establishment of optical path (trail) required for UNI signaling to proceed
2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
23
UNI-C
UNI-N
1
UNI PATH
(upstream label = default lambda)
Head
initiates
tunnel
signaling
including
LSP
exclusion
UNI-N
Optical
impairment check
Optical
impairment check
Trail established
UNI-C
Trail established
6
UNI PATH ERROR
(upstream label = lambda)
UNI PATH
(upstream label = lambda)
Tunnel
established
8
UNI RESV
(Label = lambda)
Per-hop optical
parameters
UNI PATH
(upstream label = lambda)
UNI RESV
(Label = lambda)
Tunnel
established
UNI PATH
(upstream label = lambda)
UNI RESV
(Label = lambda)
24
RSVP
RSVP
R1
R2
Packet
Domain
Signaled
lambda
Optical Domain
25
Motivation
L2VPN (VPLS) used as data center
interconnect (DCI) solution
Ent DC1
Ent DC2
Multi-homing
Scale (MAC-addresses, Number of Service Instances
Load balancing
Optimal Forwarding
Multicast optimization
Multi-tenancy
PE
CE
PE
SP NGN
DCPE
CE
DCPE
DCE
DCE
SP DC1
SP DC2
Standalone DCI network
Business services
Mobile backhaul
27
E-VPN At A Glance
MAC addresses learned in data-plane toward
access as before
Treat MAC addresses as routable addresses and
distribute them in BGP over MPLS/IP network
Receiving PE injects these MAC addresses into
forwarding table along with its associated
adjacency
When multiple PE nodes advertise the same
MAC, then multiple adjacency is created for that
MAC address in the forwarding table
BGP
PE
PE
PE
PE
28
28
AGG1
PE1
AGG4
M2
PE3
MH-ID=3
M1
AGG5
AGG2
C-MAC2
MH-ID=1
C-MAC1
AGG3
MH-ID=2
AGG6
PE2
PE4
iBGP L2-NLRI
next-hop: n-PE1
29
AGG4
PE1
M1
M2
PE3
MH-ID=3
AGG5
AGG2
MH-ID=1
AGG3
MH-ID=2
AGG6
PE2
PE4
iBGP L2-NLRI
next-hop: n-PE4
PE4 learns M2 over its Agg5-PE4 AC and distributes it via BGP to other PE devices
PE 4 forwards the frame to PE1 since it has learned previously that M1 sits behind PE1
30
802.3
802.1Q
802.1Q
802.1ad
PB
802.1ad
PB
802.1ah
PBB
Service Instances
(I-SID)
224=16,777,216
C-DA
C-SA
C-DA
C-SA
C-TAG
C-DA
C-SA
S-TAG
C-TAG
B-DA
B-SA
B-TAG
I-TAG
C-DA
C-SA
S-TAG
C-TAG
Payload
Payload
Payload
Payload
FCS
FCS
FCS
FCS
Service
Instances
(VID)
212=4,096
Service
Instances
(VID)
212=4,096
802.1Q/ad
service
Instances (212)
802.1ah
service
Instances (224)
31
BE B
BE B
CE1
PE1
B-MAC Routes
LACP
PE3
MPLS
B-MAC = Site ID
802.1Qbp
PE2
32
VLAN 3
PE3
1
B-MAC1
MPLS/ IP
PE2
VPN
B-MAC
NH
Pref
RT3
B-MAC1
PE1
High
RT3
B-MAC1
PE2
Low
RT2
B-MAC1
PE1
Low
RT2
B-MAC1
PE2
High
RI
B
3. Remove
VLAN 2
C-MAC
VPN
B-MAC
NH
CM1
RT3
B-MAC1
PE1 PE2
CM2
RT2
B-MAC1
PE2
FIB
4 Update
33
WAN
O(1M) C-MACs
DC Site 1
DC Site 2
DC Site
N
34
E-VPN
PBB-EVPN
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
All-Active Redundancy
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
P2MP Trees
Yes
Yes
Yes
MP2MP Trees
No
Yes
Yes
Link/Port/Node Failure
Yes
Yes
Yes
MAC Mobility
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Fast Convergence
Seamless Interworking
(TRILL/802.1aq/802.1Qbp/MST/RSTP
Guarantee C-MAC Transparency on PE
35
Segment Routing
Overview
Simple routing extensions (IS-IS / OSPF)
Increased network scalability and virtualization
Use packet encapsulation to reduce network state
Close integration between applications and network
Highly programmable
Highly responsive
draft-previdi-filsfils-isis-segment-routing
2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
37
Segment Routing
Forwarding state (segment) is established by IGP
LDP and RSVP-TE are not required
Agnostic to forwarding dataplane: IPv6 or MPLS
Source Routing
source encodes path as a label or stack of segments
two segments: node or adjacency
38
PE2
IPv4
IPv6
IPv4
VPN
IPv6
VPN
VPWS
VPLS
LDP
RSV
P
BGP
Static
IS-IS
OSPF
Packet
Transport
PE1
IGP
PE2
MPLS Forwarding
No changes to
control or
forwarding plane
IGP label
distribution, same
forwarding plane
39
Adjacency Segments
9105
9107
9107
9101
9103
9103
9105
9105
9105
9107
9101
9103
9105
9105
A
9107
P
9105
9103
9103
9105
9105
40
Node Segment
FEC Z
push 65
swap 65
to 65
swap 65
to 65
pop 65
D
Z
Packet
to Z
65
65
65
Packet
to Z
Packet
to Z
Packet
to Z
65
Packet
to Z
41
Combining Segments
72
72
9003
9003
9003
65
65
65
Packet to Z
Packet to Z
Packet to Z
72
A
72
B
D
Pop
9003
Z
P
Packet to Z
65
Source Routing
65
65
65
Packet to Z
Packet to Z
42
Backbone
C1
C2
E1
E4
1000
E2
E3
Node segment
to P node
Default metric: 10
2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
43
PE
PE
PE
Node
Segment
Ids
Adjacency
Segment
Ids
PE
P
PE
PE
PE
PE
In
Label
Out
Label
Out
Interface
L1
L1
Intf1
L2
L2
Intf1
L8
L8
Intf4
L9
Pop
Intf2
L10
Pop
Intf2
Ln
Pop
Intf5
Forwarding
table remains
constant
44
Tunnel AZ onto
{66, 68, 65}
66FULL
68
65
45
Simplicity
one less protocol to operate
No complex LDP/ISIS synchronization to
troubleshoot
PE2
PE1
46
Simple Disjointness
Non-Disjoint Traffic
A sends traffic with [65]
Classic ecmp a la IP
Disjoint Traffic
A sends traffic with [111, 65]
Packet gets attracted in blue plane
and then uses classic ecmp a la IP
ECMP-awareness!
47
CoS-based TE
Tokyo to Brussels
CoS-based TE with SR
IGP metric set such as
48
Summary
Summary
New MPLS enhancements focus on
PBB-EVPN defines BGP extensions to enhance scale and resiliency of existing VPLS
deployments and meet data centers requirements
Segment routing provides a control plane alternative for increased network scalability and
virtualization
2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
50
Aliasing
PEs connected to the same multi-homed Ethernet
Segment advertise the same B-MAC address.
Remote PEs use these MAC Route advertisements
for aliasing load-balancing traffic destined to C-MACs
reachable via a given B-MAC.
2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
PE
PE
PE
PE
PE
PE
PE
PE
PE B-MAC1PE
B-MAC1
PE
51
PE3
VLAN 2, 3
B-MAC1
MPLS/
IP
PE2
VLAN 2,3
RT3
B-MAC1
PE1
RT3
B-MAC1
PE2
RT2
B-MAC1
PE1
RT2
B-MAC1
PE2
VPN
B-MAC
NH
RT3
B-MAC1
PE1, PE2
RT2
B-MAC1
PE1, PE2
RIB
FIB
Both PEs advertise the same B-MAC for the same Ethernet Segment.
NH
Remote PE installs both next hops into FIB for associated B-MAC.
B-MAC
Each PE advertises a MAC route per Ethernet Segment (carries B-MAC associated with Ethernet Segment).
VPN
52