Professional Documents
Culture Documents
respiratory tracts.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
partition.
The nasal passage opens to the outside through external nostrils.
It opens inside by internal nostrils at the pharynx.
The buccal cavity and the nasal passage open into the
pharynx.
It is a common pathway that opens into the
epithelium.
auditory tubes.
epiglottis.
The oral cavity opens into the oropharynx.
Near the opening of the oral cavity 2 sets of palatine
The larynx is seen just behind the pharynx and the buccal
cavity.
paired).
epiglottis.
tracheal tube.
The ligaments inside the larynx form the vocal folds or vocal
cords.
The vocal cords and the openings between them are called the
glottis.
The vocal cords are involved with sound production.
The air moving past the vocal cords make them to vibrate.
Louder sounds are made by increasing the amplitude of
vibrations.
Frequency of the vibrations can be altered by changing the
length of the vibrating segments of the vocal cords.
The length is altered by muscles attached to the cartilage.
Males usually have longer vocal cords than females.
The sound made by the vocal cords can be altered by the
tongue, lips and teeth to form words.
It is a membranous tube.
The length of the trachea is 10-12 cm.
Its inner diameter is 12 mm.
The trachea extends from the larynx to the level of the 5th
thoracic vertebra.
Wall
The wall is made up of connective tissue and smooth muscles.
The wall is provided support by 15-20 C shaped cartilage rings.
They protect the trachea and keep it open all the time.
membrane.
It consists of ciliated columnar epithelium.
The cilia of this epithelium help to propel mucus and
the carina.
Foreign objects reaching carina stimulate a powerful
cough reflex.
620g.
The left lung weighs 560g.
The right lung has three lobes and the left lung has two.
The lungs are placed within the thoracic cavity.
membrane.
The region inside the pleural membrane is named as
mediastinum.
It is a midline partition, being occupied by the heart,
terminal bronchioles.
gaseous exchange.
0.05mm.
143 m2.
several muscles.