Induction

The analysis of the Strategic partnership between Mongolia and China

Chapter 1
Mongolian-Chinese relations stratification characteristics

1.1. Mongolian-Chinese historical relationship (1949-1990)

1.2. Mongolian-Chinese relations revival period (1990-2014)

Chapter 2
Mongolian-Chinese strategic partnership

2.1. Strategic partnership in the political sector - to strengthen political mutual trust
2.2. Economy, Trade and Investment Cooperation its strategic partnership
2.3. Niigem, a man and a strategic partnership in the areas of regional cooperation

Chapter 3
Analysis of the strategic partnership between China - Mongolian

3.1. China-Mongolian dakhistratyegiin political dialogue partnership between features

3.2. China-Mongolian trade, economy and investment, strategic financial sector partnership
features
3.3. The humanities and culture, education, science and technology, health and tourism
sectors in specific strategic partnership
3.4. International and regional cooperation in the sector specific strategic partnership

Conclusion

Induction

Modern Mongolian foreign cooperation relationship with the priorities of the two
neighbors. Mongolian and Chinese relations in political, trade, economic, scientific,
technological, cultural, educational and community organizations across all sectors of
society, such as developing successfully. Relations between the two countries in the
international relations and foreign policy under the new trends in primary goals sovereignty
and territorial integrity and to protect the integrity of the country's interest does not apply to
anyone who prefer to conduct an independent foreign policy as it is common.

However, the new circumstances, Mongolian and Chinese foreign policy and international
relations widened scope of its regulatory mechanisms, the new form and content, as
determined by the way. In the first decade of the XXI century Mongolian and Chinese
progress than ever to the nature of the communication process, mutually beneficial
pragmatic concept of Mongolian and foreign policy had become the focus areas of the
Mongolian and Chinese relationship is seen as a priority. Thus, relationships with our
neighbors for the past in order to develop and expand its friendly relations with neighbors as
important to the development of a wide range of cooperation.

In doing so, historical and traditional southern neighbors have been contacted and geoeconomic cooperation is important to take into account the unique. Withdrawal of the new
century Mongolian and Chinese neighborly partnership of mutual trust is an advanced stage
of the strategic partnership. Therefore, the relationship between the two countries to
determine the appropriate strategic partnership based on the strengths and weaknesses of
the documents I tried to perform this research.

The purpose of the study: In this paper, we define small Mongolian foreign policy, the
proposed strategy to achieve this goal, the choice could save the country's interests or
values provided in other words, depends on the ability to guarantee security. Mongolian and
Chinese relations have advanced level feature of the importance of the strategic partnership
is to analyze and study other issues.
Research Objectives: The objectives in order to achieve the above goals.
Mongolian and Chinese relations and the legal basis for a contract
Established strategic partnership with China, and the implementation of cooperation
Strategic partnership joint statement
Strategic partnerships, medium and long-term programs
Strategic partnership perspective to study what caused objective analysis.
Research review: Mongolian and Chinese relations and cooperation of many scientists who
produced books, articles, reports, numerous scientific publications is given by the on why.
For instance: N.Altantsetseg "Mongolian and Chinese relations in Century" UB, 2010,
N.Altantsetseg China's foreign policy UB, 2012, J.Bayasakh "Foreign Policy and Security:
Selective literature" UB, 2010, Mongolian Russia and China together for the XXI century
development UB, 2009, Sharad K.Soni Mongolia - China relations: Modern and
Contemporary times 2000, John T.Rourke, Clashing views in World Politic, such as books,
guides, and the Institute for Strategic International Studies scientists and researchers at the
Institute of articles and research agreements between the two countries, heads of state,
officials and news related visits to see the websites. While many works that define the
relationship between the two countries, but the newly formed strategic partnership relations
of my self because of the lack of analysis of the present research is carried out.

The importance of research: Mongolian and Chinese strategic partnership of cooperation

relations between appearance of further study of the nature of international relations is a
new type of strategic partnership of cooperation between the two countries that bring the
research is important.
Research Methodology: The research, based on the work of researchers used statistical
methods to collect, study and document comparability.
The structure of the research: "Mongolian - Chinese strategic partnership between the
analysis for bachelor studies in the introduction, three chapters, nine points, conclusion,
bibliography and appendix sections.

CHAPTER 1

Mongolia - China relations stratification characteristics

1.1. Brief overview of the history of the Mongolia and People's Republic of China
Relations period (1949-1990)

Mongolian and Chinese ancient history and consider the relationship between our two
countries established diplomatic relations on 16 March 1949, the first 10 in history, and it is
comparable with the terms of a short period of time. Our country recognizes emerging and
China, and is one of the first countries to establish diplomatic relations. 10 On July 1, 1949,
China's People's Council declared the establishment of the PRC central government has
stated "... the territorial integrity and sovereignty, mutual respect and interests of both, and
are willing to obey the principle of equality, any foreign government authority is ready to
establish diplomatic relations".1

Mongolian Government accept this declaration and to establish diplomatic relations with
China 10 on May 6, 1949, by Marshall H. Choibalsan, Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs
written note signed by Minister Zhou Enlai by this decision of the response letter from the
government expressed so glad agreed to establish diplomatic relations and diplomatic
solutions to exchange delecates Ulaanbaatar in 1950 and opened by the embassy in Beijing,
mutual our relationship and cooperation can be seen that.

Two of the original agreement between the Government of Mongolian and Chinese people
were very important in the history of friendship and 1952, the "People's Republic of China's
economy and discuss the cultural cooperation" was after the conclusion of negotiations
bilateral economic relations, particularly activated.2 Diplomatic relations established in the
first two years, the highest increase in visits to the two countries about the relationship
developed. In 1960, "China - Mongolian friendly relations Cooperation Agreement", in 1962
boundary line agreement signed by these two important documents of international politics,
and culture laid the foundation expand exchanges and cooperation in the field.3 Since then,
the two countries friendly relationships renowned for its international relationship for many

Batbuyan.Ts "Mongolian and Chinese relations in Century NUM UB School of International Affairs, 2010, p-17
Begzjav.L Mongol - China Relations (1949-1999), 1999 p 2
Batbayr.H "In today's China," UB 1996 3rd parties

years to improve the existing strategic partnership has been developed to expand.
Mongolian and Chinese relations, political, economic, trade, science, culture and humanities
as a positive development across all sectors.

Mongolian decline in the past 65 years, China Relations growth, taking into account the
development of the plot from 1960 to 1949, the mid-year relationship is calculated during the
first years of this generation friendship relations can be called. Relations between the two
countries ruling parties, the MPRP and the Communist Party of China and it was time to take
the lead in the world divided into two systems, staged to coincide with democratic countries.
This relationship was a significant influence of the Soviet Union was at the forefront of
democratic states, and that this high-level visits between the two countries during the
ongoing and new agreements have been established years of economic assistance to each
other. In 1960, the two heads of state and government
"People's Republic of China's friendship, mutual assistance agreement"

our establishment

the border of the two neighboring superpower, equality, friendship and mutual assistanced
current law was a very important event opened with great opportunity.

Agreements and consolidation of cooperation between these two newly developed and
successfully this time of friendship and mutual assistance treaties and border agreements,
economic and cultural cooperation agreements between the two countries, including 40
percent of the legal foundation for the agreement is established. This generation is an
important event in the two countries relations on 26th May 12, 1962, for the first time in
history "Mongolian - Chinese border agreement" was founded yum.5
This border agreement a potent, confidential and friendship of the people of the two
countries, before entering into the contract is essential to strengthen the unity of our country
to protect its borders south spective, however, the Chinese government and any
international boundary line was formally identify unmarked. Mongol foreign relations and
cooperation prevailed before 1990 in Russia's transition to a market economy with a central
role in these sectors since the main partner while China and Mongolian trade and economic
relations and cooperation in other areas are expanding rapidly .

4 Begzjav.L "Mongolian - Chinese relations (1949-1999)", 1999 p 32

5 Begzjav.L "Mongolian - Chinese relations (1949-1999)", 1999 p 32

Mongolian and Chinese relations 1949-1960 year or ten-year period were developed within
the fraternal relations and 1960-1990 term relationship with more than thirty years, was in a
state of suspended time identified. Listed on the first ten years of the Soviet Union and
China-US relations were developed based on the principles of good-neighborly friendly
neighbor of the current in the People's Republic of friendly relations with both good
opportunities and development of Mongolian history is defined by the rapid advancement of
the rest. Determined by a certain number of years, 65-year relationship, but because of the
international relations of the two countries, primarily the Soviet empire, China and the United
States should be noted that it was due to the evolution of the relationship between changes.

Trade and economic approved in 1952 for "economic and cultural cooperation" OF
expanding bilateral cooperation agreement in 1961 increased year-over-year sales volume
has increased 24-fold compared to 1951. This increase trade volume between the two
countries was consistent with the interests of the people of the two countries. By 1960, the
highest level in the history of trade had reached 130 million tugriks.6 People's Republic of
China between foreign

Through this based on the needs and potential of bilateral trade and economic development
of the cooperation in all sectors, to accelerate the development of the productive forces and
bilateral development and contribute to improving the lives of the people of the Mongolian
government policies, China's economic and trade activities focused on the development of
economic cooperation. Thus, Mongolian and China established diplomatic relations over the
first ten years (1949-1960), and interests of the people in Asia and the world peace, over the
years, the interest of security.7

Kitaiskaya Narodnaya Ryespublika. Str- 271

http: //www.lse.ac.uk/IDEAS/publications/ideasToday/04/04_Mongolia.pdf

Communicate with the top leaders of the two countries and the friendship between the two
countries, rights laid the basis for a cooperation agreement, bilateral friendly relations among
peoples of favorable Chinese economic and technical assistance and development of our
country, and was a real role in the production. However, despite some difficulties with
development of period 1949-1960 Mongolian -Chinese relations as a whole advanced by
communication was also an important positive role in the history of relations between the two
countries. Since 1960, the Soviet - Chinese relations, rapid changes in Marxist-Leninist
theory, war and peace issues of domestic and foreign policy began falling on the line.8
USSR - Contest in China, our country has been demonstrated consistently in the latter stood
on the events of the Soviet Union.

The newly established China, from Moscow's influence and strengthen its position in the
communist regime and the "Cultural Revolution" in isolation from the outside world, the
country becoming Mongolian - Chinese relations have basically stopped, all carried out in
accordance with the policy of the Moscow People's Republic of China is basically broke ties.
Because of the boundary line of the People's Republic of China, primarily the SovietChinese confrontation line became the armed forces during this period. Reasons for poor
communication experts considered to be caused by the following 3 reasons. Including:
- First: Mongolian authorities were closely related to their own policy action not in a position
to Moscow.
- Second: In China, the "Cultural Revolution" of the domestic political crisis in the country up
to the outside world isolation.
- Third: Foreign policy framework explained in a fight with the United States and the Soviet
Union.

Soviet - Chinese relations accompany the Mongolian - Chinese relations worsened China's
investment and aid stopped, the Soviet Union and China's Mongolian strengthen its position
was filled in the gap. Mongolian and China's current policy, especially foreign policy, political
leaders, have criticized the apparent position of the standards, but will not interfere in the
internal affairs of China. Deterioration in the relationship described above, "Cultural
Revolution" was halted trade relations and economic downturn. This time, our relationship
has stagnated for obvious reasons, but political relations were deteriorating phase was
dependent on external factors. Mongolia-China relations, considerable progress has been

S.Jargalsaikhan "the People's Republic of China," UB, 2011, p 99

made since 1982, and 1982-1983 railway trade between two countries and a recovery in the
Soviet-Chinese relations grows Mongolian - Chinese relations.9

1985 in China, "Cultural Revolution" ending "Four reform" been reorganizing the
Soviet Union, publicity10 with the Soviet Union and China relations have improved and
positive impact on our bilateral relations, there he forgot all the things that happened before
Mongolian Foreign Minister Ts.Gombosuren official visit to China at the end of the eighties,
Gas completed the second phase of bilateral relations between the two countries Head of
understanding with China, China's fourth-generation leader Hu Jin tao visited in 2003
Mongolian between the two countries "good-neighborly and mutually trusted partnership"
identify and agree to deepen bilateral relations to a new level as what.11 Mongolia is
landlocked country, small commodities exports and imports for most of the day-to-day use.
This was a very difficult time for regional co-operation was essential.
1.2. Mongolian-Chinese relations Revival period (1990-2014), or up to date
communication

Mongolian - Chinese relations completed the third phase, present Cold War could say that in
the second half of 1980. This phase of the collapse of the Soviet Union and the Berlin Wall
collapsed, which is caused by the time of the Democratic Revolution in Mongolia since
relations between the two countries began a gradual recovery. This balanced relationship
between the two countries' political, economic, cultural, science has evolved on the part of
all. This is the first "cold war" ended, the second new countries on the world map, and the
third is toward a multi-polar international relations, the two poles.

Thus, between the Mongolian People's Republic of China in 1994, during the restoration of
the "friendly relations and co-operation agreement" is all about the development since its
establishment12. The Agreement "use of force against one another", "together with a third to
join the coalition against each other," includes many important provisions, such as would
have been moved to a new stage of relations between the two countries. This Gerege
Since 2000, following the current document as its fundamental relationship the two countries
"good neighborly relations" OF I have now been transformed into a strategic partnership

L.Khaisandai "International Studies and articles" UB, 2003. 50 p

10

Transperacy
N.Altantsetseg "China's foreign policy," UB, 2012, p 8
12
J. Baysakh "Mongolian -Chinese political relations in Century" 2010 p 43
11

relations. Thus, the bilateral relations between the two countries advances again the
importance of a number of positive events occurred:

order cooperation and consular relations of the two countries has improved even more.
"Chinese, Mongolian and Russian parties 5, 1996, Chinese, Mongolian ,Russian border
crossing agreement signed by China and Mongolian border issue completely resolved13
developed so much to the development of bilateral relations and consular relations. In 1990,
Mongolian Consulate General in Hohhot, the recovery in 2007 from the Mongolian State
Consulate officially established in Erlian
.
Bilateral economic and trade cooperation developed rapidly. In 1991, the two countries,
"Economic and trade cooperation council" was established cash-commerce trade between
the Government of the year, the two governments agreed to include investment promotion
and protection agreement signed between.14

ocal cooperation continuously improved. Between between local governments and

communities Economic, Trade, Scientific, technological and cultural exchanges will continue
to contribute to the further development of bilateral relations.

Mongolian foreign policy directions and trends in China's southern neighbor relations with
the two countries in 1989, occupies a special place in the political, economic and cultural
relations in all fields completely normal in the 90s after it was released in relationship to a
new level. In May 1989, the Soviet Union's top Chairman of the Board of M.S.Gorbachyev
did an official visit to China15 had a normal relationship between the two countries. The last
thirty years, the first summit between the two countries both foreign and domestic policy
develops the ruling party relationships and strong in all aspects of our relations with giant
neighbor has created favorable conditions for the development forward.

Our northern and north-neighborly relations of three people, including Mongolian relations
and good neighborly relations being made to Chinese development is influenced by external
factors. Relations between the two countries since the resolution of regular high-level
delegation to strengthen mutual cooperation and exchange of all would be important to

13

Sharad K.Soni "Mongolia - China relations: Modern and Contemporary times" NY, 2000. p.105
John Frederick Baddeley "Russia, Mongolia, China": Being Some Record of the Relations Between Them
Death of the Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, Ad, 2007, p.34
15
John T.Rouke "Clashing views in World Politic" p.126
14

recovery. With the political relationship has reached a high level of trade and economic
cooperation promoted to a new level, but this is a huge potential to expand the relationship.

In the 90s culture, humanitarian Mongolian - Chinese cooperation to ensure sustainable

developing relations between the two neighboring peoples and mutual understanding of the
reality of each other and contribute to help you determine.16 Any of friendship and
cooperation, and ordinary people ties, mutual understanding and mutual trust plays an
important role, and travel and tour business to communicate with each other through
extensive opened all those years. Mongolian good neighborly relations with neighboring
China relations and Asian countries surrounding the peace and sustainable development in
a positive yum. In last years, expanding mutually beneficial cooperation between the two
countries, China and Mongolian nation's largest trading partners, and investors such as
during this time, which still continues to be one of the international position of both sides of
the issues and support each other and work together effectively.

China's Mongolian government with the harmony and equality to welcoming friendly
communication has always followed the direction of Mongolian independence, sovereignty
has long been respected. This period of bilateral relations, economic and trade from the
point of view from trade since the 1990s, the structure and content of public bodies believed
to be fundamentally changed while maintaining the stiffness of firms represented by private
trade and commerce, domestic demand is believed to have been exporting agricultural
commodities. Mongolian and Chinese relations in the 21st century, with their unique
features and specifications is independent of every other state interference based on the
path of development chosen independently and social institutions, regardless of ideological
differences, both large and small, equal and mutually beneficial cooperation has traditionally
been a continuing commitment to strengthen oversight. Enter into partnership with the new
relationship with jarand before the development of national interests in the context of mutual
respect, mutual benefit and development on the basis of the principle of equality is facing
new task. Thus, in the first decade of the XXI century Mongolian State has had two
neighboring superpower relations process and the general appearance of symptoms
progress than ever before, pragmatic been mutually beneficial. Boost relations with both
Russia and China since 2006 with the level of strategic partnership with Russia and the
People's Republic of China at the beginning of 2011, and began working in the same way
the development of strategic partnership relations together offer about 2013 medium and
long-term program was approved.
16

John Frederick Baddeley "Russia, Mongolia, China: Being Some Record of the Relations Between
Them of the Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich "2007, p.50

CHAPTER 2

Relationship of Mongolian - Chinese strategic partnership

2.1. A strategic partnership in the political field

Mongolian countries to establish diplomatic relations with China in the first one. 65
years of bilateral relations since the establishment of diplomatic relations, though there were
a number of obstacles to overcome, and prefer to have cordial relations. Today, Mongolian ,
and China, both international and regional economic integration of the economic and social
responsibility for the development and maturing. China, the Mongolian side of the two
countries for the good of the people came out to deepen cooperation and friendly relations to
consistent with the interests of the people of the two countries.17

However, in 2011, established a strategic partnership between the two countries have
opened a new page in our relations. The geographical location of strategic partnership
relations have played a critical role. The main features of Mongolian foreign environment is a
landlocked country sandwiched two locations. This position gyeopolitikt the world has been
defined in the position of Mongolian State. Look back on the history of Mongolian , Russian
and Chinese relations between the three countries under the influence of the global
geopolitical reflection on contemporary conflicts of interest between junction lap and going
.But based on the Mongolian foreign policy, leading the development of cooperation and
friendly relations with her neighbor direction as a concept used to be more precise.

National interests in international relations or service that appears in the relationship

between domestic policy objectives, and the other is about values. Therefore, define the
politics of a small country, choosing the right tools of the strategic goals of the country's
interests or values, provided that can be stored, ie, depends on the ability to guarantee the
safety. And small, national security than internal factors, external environment and the
border with the neighboring countries as well as regional and world-wide, and there are
many foreign countries, depending on the policy in Mongolian Relations with China is an
important issue.

17

Hundred-year history of Mongolian Foreign Affairs Review. UB, p 2011274

If relations between the two countries recovered from the 1994 "China, Mongolia, mutual
assistance agreement" reconditioned "the Mongolia-China friendly relations and cooperation agreement on" the signing of the bilateral political, economic, cultural, educational
and military kindly history out to all sectors.18 This time the Chinese Mongolian government
attaches great importance to developing good-neighborly relations with continued high-level
visit the goal was to strengthen political mutual trust and aimed to intensify relations in other
areas.
Managing two visits is expanding to two people within the country's political climate by
creating even further strengthen bilateral trade and economic cooperation strategy partner
between Govisumber be particularly useful to enhance the country's foreign policy concept,
"Russia and China to have friendly relations with the Mongolian foreign policy priority and
follow the one and one-sided and completely balanced in helping to develop broad
cooperation and good neighborly relations ".Tradition between the two countries, provided
that corresponds to the specific nature of economic cooperation.19
Thus, the concept of foreign policy has been successful.

China's fourth-generation leader Hu Jintao's state visit in 2003 Mongolian between the two
sides during the good-neighborly and mutually trusted partnership to develop relationships
with the Joint Statement issued during the visit included. 20

Communication during this specific priorities of the bilateral relations:

quality of the two countries, each other's sovereignty and territorial integrity based on
the principles of mutual respect and to strengthen political mutual trust. This five of China's
foreign policy from developing countries on the basis of the principle to the development of
additional public trust.
o respect each other's development path selection and development efforts based on
the principles of trade and economy wide range of mutually beneficial cooperation in the
cultural and humanitarian relations,
egional cooperation, strengthening mutual trust with the active cooperation towards
regional integration affairs Strategic Partnership in 2013 and was incorporated to participate
in the development of medium and long-term plans, political, economic, trade and

18

N.Ulaan-Od "Chinese and Mongolian tells you about the state of bilateral relations," "Mongolian , Russian,

China together for the development of XXI century "UB, 2009 217 p
19
20

Mongolian foreign policy concept. Ulaanbaatar, 2011

www.fmprc.gov.cn/pub/eng/topics/hjtcf/t23129.htm

humanitarian cooperation in sectors such as and set out the priorities for the deepening of
political relations, eight proposed.21

In 2011, the Mongolian and Chinese strategic partnership relations between our two
countries established a special event in the history of the two countries, which have agreed
to Mongolian and Chinese strategic partnerships, medium and long-term program for the
development and implementation of continuing to strengthen and deepen the strategic
partnership between the two countries, cooperation in the development of forward planning
stages, Mongolian and Chinese co-development and the building of people's well-being and
protection of national, regional and global peace, stability and development is considered to
be helped to move forward.

In June 2012, the President of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) heads of state
summit in Beijing, Chinese President Hu Jintao, Vice Premier of the State Council Li Kechan
with constructive and effective meetings and bilateral strategic partnership further guidance
how to determine the direction of the development of trade and economic cooperation and
humanitarian relations reach an understanding on deepening integration in 2013, the
medium and long-term programs was approved by JS Co, Mongolia, People's Republic of
China friendly relations and co-operation.22

Agreement between the Mongolia and People's Republic of China, "a joint statement on
strategic partnership" between the two sides and the political other documents within the
concept of mutual respect and mutual support, mutual benefit and win-win principle of
Mongolian and Chinese strategic belief about relations country to make an example of the
relationship between our two countries have agreed to unanimously by the political relations
following.

21

"Mongolia and People's Republic of China to develop the strategic partnership between the medium and longterm program," UB, 2013
22

http: //mobile.news.mn/mcontent/107494.shtml? S = world

Strategic partnerships, medium and long-term programs

1. A. Political Relations

o develop mutually beneficial relationships with the other parties of its foreign policy
priorities and emphasized that one of the areas of strategic and long-lasting relations
between the two countries, and agreed to joint efforts to develop healthy.
arties have each other's independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and
development path chosen mutual respect and be reliant on the vital interests and focus on
the key issues. Any way directed against any military and political blocs joined the other
powers, and any harm to the security agreements and other international powers, in any of
its territories at the expense of the security forces not possession for states.

Mongolian National Security Concept of "Mongolian vital national interests of the Mongolian
people, culture, survival and Mongolian national independence, sovereignty, territorial
integrity and inviolability of borders and national unity and constitutional institutional security
and economic self-sufficiency and ecological development including23 and told Foreign
Policy Concept" in Mongolian exposed to an external military threat conditions to join any
military alliance, territory and not allow any anti atmosphere, impervious to foreign troops in
its territory, to be located and lines of transit through following

"political relations with

strategic medium and long - term program of such an accommodation is a show of political
cooperation in mutual respect.24
This strategic partnership relations and the previous generation process compared to
Mongolian and Chinese good-neighborly friendship and mutually beneficial cooperation in
order to increase the Mongolian and Chinese good-neighborly and mutually trusted
partnership with other sectors to improve as a strategic partnership is intended to strengthen
cooperation. In fact, we are constantly affected by political ties among the two countries,
increasing political mutual trust unshaken resolve to strengthen the basis of this concept has
been contacted.

he Mongolian side of the Chinese government reiterated China as the sole legitimate
government representing. Mongolian side of Taiwan, Tibet, and Xinjiang, China firmly
supports the position on.

23
24

"Mongolian foreign Policy Blue book" UB 2007-2011, p 222

"Mongolian Foreign Policy Concept of" Resolution UB 10, 2011

On the direction of the Mongolia follow one-China policy onTaiwan. In June, 2009 Prepaids a
member of the Ministry of Defense of the CPC Discipline Inspection Committee Chairman
Ha Guo Tsyan during a visit to Mongolian President Ts.Elbegdorj said Mongolian still "oneChina" policy pursued, the Chinese government in Taiwan and Tibet issues raised have
been shown to consistently support the position.

But in Taiwan, the Chinese were apparently unaware of the problem and that some of the
media in Taiwan to develop a strategic partnership to determine fault for medium and longterm program and are encouraged to put forward this proposal. China's foreign policy, the
basic principle of the one-China policy, our official documents and policies, but recognizes
Tibet and Xinjiang's absence from the Mongolian state-specific issues. Most of the Mongols
in China because they live in the history and development of literature and cultural
cooperation between two countries give more importance.

The future development of bilateral political relations and the long-term because of the
important events and meetings and visits between the leaders and high-level visits, using
multiple measures of meeting with leaders of the two countries and other officials on bilateral
relations and in that country, it is important to have regular exchange of views on the region.
In Mongolia, 65th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China
program for high-level official visits and mutual visits by representatives of the Communist
Party of China and the political parties and representatives of the Chinese People's
Liberation Army visiting Mongolia25 bilateral relations and regional issues of mutual interest,
such as to arrange a meeting to exchange views on a regular basis is consistent with the
above conclusion. Thus, further communication and cooperation between the two countries
mutual visits by heads of state and other senior officials will play a very important role.

The content of the strategic partnership relations in the political field of equality and mutual
benefit, mutual respect, and develop sustainable relationships and strengthen mutual
political trust and considers expansion of multilateral cooperation. By political and diplomatic
relations between the two Ministries of Foreign Affairs to implement relations is set to
intensify co-operation.

25

"Mongolian and Chinese friendly event celebrating the Year of the exchange program"

The City Administration, International Relations and Cooperation Department

the cooperation between the Ministries of Foreign

Affairs and Trade. Visit between the two foreign ministers and multilateral international
events and meetings in active work. Vice Foreign Minister-level and the level of consultation
with directors of the relevant Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Trade to continue.

The strategic partnership between the public sector and their relationship is intended to
strengthen the bilateral relations, trust only the heads of state to put a high-level meeting
between officials of international organizations and local authorities to establish friendly
relations between the activities in favor of the advancement in every sector of our country It
is important to address.

Mongolian cultivating friendly relations with China to ensure political stability and economic
stability should take yum. 2003 in China during the visit of Chinese President Hu Jintao in
Mongolian and Mongolian head of state "good-neighborly partnership of mutual trust"26 and
reached agreement on the establishment of this good-neighborliness and mutual trust
meaning of partnership relations with political mutual trust, economic

Government mutually beneficial and mutually beneficial security can be summarized as this
is a strategic partnership of 2011, as mentioned above, and seeks to strengthen the political
credibility problem for a two-state shows the problem is still being dealt with. However,
Mongolian

and Chinese while the other two countries each other's sovereignty,

independence and territorial integrity of mutual respect, peace, development and

cooperation walking through regional and international cooperation, mutual understanding
and mutual support positions following a favorable political mutual trust has formed the
foundation.

26

Gao Shumao "China's foreign relations and the China-Mongolia relations," Strategic Studies, CR, 2006 P 116

2.2. Economy, Trade and Investment Cooperation its strategic partnership

Between the People's Republic of China, "Economic and Cultural Cooperation Agreement"
since the establishment of bilateral economic relations are very vibrant. 1953-1959,
commercial loan agreements, trade and payment agreements, including agreements signed
and implemented for new contract basis for economic cooperation between the two
countries is a solid foundation. In 1960, "People's Republic of China's friendship and mutual
assistance agreement" establishing equal rights with the People's Republic of China and the
development of friendly relations and mutual assistance between the two countries with the
opening of the opportunities in the field of law was an important event.

Mongolia and China economic relations deepen and develop our important high-level visits
between the two countries. Accordingly, Chinese President Hu Jintao, invitation of President
of the Mongolia N.Bagabandi in 2003 a state visit to Mongolia.27 During this visit, between
"good-neighborly and mutually trusted partnership" between the two countries agree to
developed set known trade surplus and rapid development of economic ties and cooperation
in various sectors and channels to facilitate various forms of trade and investment promotion
and mining and cooperation in the field of manufacturing deepen and use of natural
resources and infrastructure to be an important area for further development of cooperation
agree visited Mongolia in 2008,28 and also the head of China Mongolian and Chinese trade
and economic cooperation between medium-term strategic relationship between the two
countries by the current program partnership relations are important to document.

Our economy is entirely dependent on climatic change dramatically, landlocked and

underdeveloped infrastructure and low population density, poor production capacity is seen
as weakness of democracy, and laid a good foundation for market and civil society
organizations as well as activation of the consistently high economic growth rate over the
last few years have observed the positive aspects.

China factor in the development of natural resources, cheap skilled labor resources, open
economies are constant economic growth in recent years. In addition, well-established small
and medium enterprises in China baking and competitiveness of their products, and tight

27

27, "the development trend of China: Achievements and Challenges," UB, 2008. 50 p

Academy of Sciences Institute of International Studies

28

N.Tumur "Mongolian and Chinese economic relations and prospects," Mongolian Chinese relations jarnaas
jarand UB, 2010, p 102

integration between enterprises, and significant advantages such as a focus on reducing

rural poverty, unemployment and the gap between rich and poor, weak points.

But factor in the development of the Russian Federation has rich natural resources, a vast
and relatively high level of education of the population and labor force potential is high, and
economic growth in recent years, the good side of the industry, including outdated
equipment and capacity utilization, and derived products uncompetitive economy based on
oil and natural gas industry is considered as weaknesses. Russian oil and natural gas
through the policy of the country's economy in the world, was built to increase the political
influence of the largest enterprises in China in the manufacturing sector to develop and
produce the final product's policy is to provide a global market.

Mongolian national economy through economic restructuring for creating a new industry
based on the comparative advantages to develop properly considered the interests of its two
neighbors, the natural resources internally to produce the final product, it is important to
resolve the issue for export. Our powerful dynasty is sandwiched between the world's
geopolitical and economic policies, primarily related to our two neighbors to take a clear right
and equity calculated self-interest of both is needed to implement the policy.

Mongolia is considered important for the Northeast Asian region. Because of this region,
Japan, Russia, China, North Korea, and is located in the northern part of the Pacific
countries, including Canada, the United States, and in this sense, Mongolian national
sovereignty, security, and economic and social development is directly related to the
development of Northeast Asia. Here our major trading partners, major investors, the biggest
donor countries - Russia, China, South Korea and Japan are located. Such as Mongolian
globalization, based on its context of development in the era of social problems by
determining the correct line with the global economy, it is necessary to ensure sustainable
economic growth.

Mongolian and China in the World Trade Organization (WTO) member countries. Our
bilateral trade and economic relations coordinator is the main mechanism "Trade, Economic,
Scientific and Technical Cooperation of the Mongolian Government and Intergovernmental
Commission of China" held regularly and are in operation in the economic and trade
cooperation in order to further encourage the development.29

29

"Mongolian , Russian and Chinese: XXI century together for development," UB, 2009, p side - 291

Mongolian membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1997, after China's
accession to the WTO in 2001, according to the world trade organization rules expressed the
Government's proposals to increase trade cooperation between two countries in 2008, and
China in the last ten years Mongolian over30 have been the country's largest trading partner.
China, Mongolian country as a member of the World Trade Organization within the system,
and established procedures for keeping the development of the two countries' markets to
operate more freely and minimize customs duties and port restrictions to reduce the bilateral
economic and trade ties are crucial to improving the trenches. Strategic partnerships,
medium and long-term analysis of the program, investment, mineral resources, energy,
finance, trade, and other sectors in the program present below. Including:

Strategic partnerships, medium and long-term programs

1. A. Cooperation principles, objectives and mechanisms

1. The Parties mineral resources development, infrastructure development, financial

cooperation, with the holistic development of trade and economic cooperation and
consultation in accordance with the general concept of equality and mutual benefit and winwin principle of Mongolian and Chinese trade and economics one with agreed offer to
deepen practical cooperation.

Mongolian mining sector occupies the central position of the national economy. Mongolian
and Chinese cooperation in the mining sector is a major contributor to economic cooperation
between the two countries. Mongolia, China's largest trade partner, as well as Mongolian
nation's largest investor's position has been maintained continuously for many years. The
majority of Chinese investment in the mining sector, however, the Mongolian mining
products are mainly exported to the Chinese market. Mongolian foreign trade export
products mainly to study the factors affecting mineral-catching, too. As of June 2013 foreign
trade statistics, statistics of coal, copper, iron ore, crude oil, gold and molybdenum mining
mining product exports accounted for 88.6%.31

30

31

"The World Trade Organization: International negotiation phase and the Mongolian "

Mongol National Statistical Office, "Foreign trade turnover"

www.nso.mn/v3/index.php?pagenewsmoreid_1053

Mining sector, the country's foreign trade and investment subsidiary branch of mining
resources development, infrastructure development and cooperation developed in
conjunction with the financial cooperation is required. Traditional technologies based on
agriculture and mining production technology and added that it is impossible to develop the
production of natural resource-based income and invest with them should develop.
Mongolian vast area is sparsely populated, rich in natural resources, the mining industry is
able to fully develop exports of mineral products in recent years due to an increase in
temperature of our main export products, such as copper, coal, gold prices surged in
addition to cheap raw materials to provide a short distance is related to China's interest.
Although the mining export earnings are increasing, but due to lack of infrastructure
development adversely affect the ecological environment using a dirt road transportation of
coal exports increased costs first travelling exports increased desertification destroying the
soil reduces the efficiency of the second Desert.

Mongolian mining sector is very high profit opportunities for cooperation between the figures
of Chinese and Mongolian trade is growing from year to year, and $ 2466.3 million in 2010.
In 2011, $ 4439.9 million to $ 4059.7 million in 2012, has grown.32
Total revenues from mineral exports to neighboring countries carefully considered the
position occupied in the economy, there is a need for the development of mutually beneficial
cooperation should be taken into consideration because these mountains mining resources
program development, infrastructure development finance cooperation to develop in line with
set is plausible.

2. The parties to improve the structure of trade between the two countries and to promote
cooperation in priority sectors and projects, and rapidly create more favorable conditions for
bilateral trade and increase stability.

Mongolia is more than forty percent of goods imported from Asian countries, especially in
2008-27.7%, 2009 - 25%, 2010 - 29.9% - a wholly imported from China exports of goods
2008 64.5% , 2009 73.1%, 2010 - 84.4% exported in China.

33

Thus, more than 50% of the

total foreign trade turnover with China, with 90 percent of the imports and exports pass
through the port only about 75 percent of the road-Ud. Therefore, the opportunity to focus on

32
33

"Mongolian Statistical Yearbook" UB, 2012, p 270

E-Trans Logistics Co. Prospectus. "Figure 1 trade growth"

http://www.bdsec.mn/files/pdf/ETrans_Logistics_investor_presentation_Mon.pdf

the infrastructure and support projects that address the need to create more favorable
conditions for bilateral trade to increase steadily.

Strategic partnership in the field of trade and economic cooperation is affected positively in
the next issue should be resolved as soon as possible is to improve the infrastructure
construction projects. The infrastructure of the Mongolian sub structure at an early stage of
development, economic development occupies.

Mongolian mining products, and for use of infrastructure and investment in line with the
development of the three things that Mongolian ability to meet the specifics of .Chinese
Prime Minister Wen Jiabao visited in 2010, in the Mongolian mining, infrastructure and
investment in three directions submitting policy development in accordance with the policy of
co-operation between the two countries are in full compliance.

3. The Parties Mongolian and Chinese trade and economic cooperation renewed as soon as
possible in the medium-term program to develop bilateral trade and economic cooperation
and focused and disciplined development forward.

Mongolian considerable advantage of natural resources by the international community,

China's capital, it is possible technically. Expanding trade and economic cooperation
between the resources and mining, infrastructure, energy, oil and agricultural sectors broadly
and are able to work together quickly. This medium-term economic and trade cooperation to
improve the early stages of development of our bilateral cooperation to the renewal of the
program is crucial.

Long-term stability, efficient, economic and trade cooperation, the two countries is the basis
for deepening public relations material. First, in order to enhance cooperation and mutual
trust between the two countries, especially in the two countries to increase mutual trust
between citizens and their right to party laws of Mongolia to improve its stability and
guarantee the continuity of Chinese-Mongolian economic and trade cooperation between
two sides, one on need to be expanded.

Two. Investment Cooperation

The future of any progress in the country's economic growth will always be linked. Economic
growth is the most important thing is the investment. In particular, the development of
economy, attracting foreign investment could gain significant leverage. Follow the proper
management of its foreign investment in new technology, financial and physical assets,
access control management is the foundation for long-term development. But too short
uncontrolled growth of the economy increased the amount of quantitative real-time without to
undermine the country's economy.

Therefore, foreign investment in the Mongolian economy, efficiency and should be

consistent with the interests of the Mongolian State. Today, Mongolian foreign direct
investment in the economy, especially small and medium enterprises to improve the
production capacity of the country to attract foreign investment and acquire new
technologies of information and an increase in labor productivity of the workforce has the
capacity and increase the competitiveness of national industries to contribute considered.

Our transition to a market economy has steadily grown, particularly in investment to increase
government investment in recent years, as more work is done to attract foreign investment, a
total of 8.5 trillion MNT has made investments.34 Mongolian international cooperation for the
two neighbors of the most dynamic form a joint venture way to material is considered to
invest in sectors of our country.

Since 1990, the retail and food demand for investment, such as low-flow of foreign
investment in these sectors accounted for the largest portion of the total investment capital
was increased in recent years, investment in the mining sector, and thus create more than
60% of the total investment and are likely to continue to rise.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) in the form of direct investment in the property, financial
investments and other investments classified 35 and today Mongolian companies through the
stock market dominated by foreign direct investment in stocks, bonds and financial
investments accounted for a relatively small percentage of purchase .

34

"China's economic situation and future trends and influence of the Mongolian economy"

Mongolian National Security Council's Strategic Research center. UB, 2012, p 51

35

"Business environment and trade White Paper" UB, 2011. 33 p

Increasing foreign investment in our favor is a new factor affecting Europe-centered world of
traditional markets in Asia, especially China is moving toward. Mongolian National
Development Strategy, adopted in 2008, according to the decision to invest a large turnover
of mineral deposits is influenced by a significant increase in investment.

At the same time, we are mining, energy, infrastructure and investment in strategic sectors
such as balance the interests of security measures at the earliest possible time to establish
state black box strategy calculated on the basis of a careful study of the legal recalled the
urgent need for better coordination of strategic partnership It is important to develop.
Figure 1. Mongolian registered in foreign direct investment, 36

According to statistics, China's foreign investment in the Mongolian capital investment of 2.5
billion US dollars, or 71.8 percent of the geology and has been in the mining sector. China
offers another reason for increasing the rate of investment in China, Mongolia, Mongolian
economic structure due to uneven bilateral economic cooperation between the two countries
is a very strong complementarity Effects. For example, in Mongolian copper, coal, iron, oil,
rich in mineral resources, such as China's rapid economic development is the need to
compensate for the lack of raw materials. Advantageous geographical position in China,
increasingly large industries and enterprises to establish the Mongolian market investment,
especially in mining exploration and mining are included.

In this regard, the investment policy with the relevant laws and regulations and to improve
the stability of the two entities maintain relations and to strengthen the exchange of
environmentally friendly, advanced technology development advocated by both parties to
invest in strategic relations with medium and long-term programs include .
36

36 Mongolia registered in foreign direct investment

http://www.mongolianminingjournal.com/content/51030.shtml

The main purpose of Mongolian Foreign Investment Promotion Policy tax discounts and
other incentives to foreign investors and their own rights and legal guarantees to protect the
investment is to eliminate bureaucracy to implement. Mongolian market relations transition
economy with a special focus on attracting foreign investment has long been regarded as a
source of continuing to be an important factor. This concept of the Mongolian Constitution
and the Law on Foreign Investment, joined the Mongolian state is protected by international
negotiations and bilateral agreements will be confirmed. On the other hand, our Government
legal framework was established in 1993 to promote foreign investment in Mongolian
State"Foreign Investment Law" implemented.37

And since 2005, "Investors Forum" of our government is a leading economic importance of
heavy industry, mining, manufacturing, tourism, food, agriculture and infrastructure sectors,
organized in a systematic way within the world for foreign investors and the opportunity to
participate in regional economic integration is essential for giving is considered.38 Foreign
direct investment (FDI) 2011-2012

In reaching its peak in the investment has been declining slightly since 2013 due to several
factors concerned. (see Figure 2)

For example, China's economic slowdown and instability in the Mongolian legal, technology,
machinery and equipment may be due to market demand satisfied certain extent. Negative
impact on foreign investors, particularly legal uncertainty. For example, in 2001 11 and
February 1, 2002, after amendments to the Law on Foreign Investment in foreign direct
investment had declined $ 25 million to $ 7 million.

Was adopted in 2012 as well as the 5th "is operating in the field of strategic importance auin
on the regulation of foreign investment" in the third quarter of 2012, after the introduction
dropped to US $ 1348 million in the fourth quarter was $ 600 million.39 Therefore, the
investment environment is unstable major factor is reasonable to conclude that scares
investors abroad.

37

"Mongolian Overview of the national socio-economic development," UB, 2010. 6 p

38

http://www.politics.news.mn/content/158061.shtml
http://www.mongolianminigjournal.com/content/51030.shtml

39

Figure 2. The Mongolian foreign direct investment (FDI) and seasonal

Source: http://www.mongolianminingjournal.com

Therefore, to improve the investment climate in our country more negative factors affecting
investment identify further edit it in a timely manner, of the medium and long-term measures
to improve the sector to foreign investment in the National Development Strategy in defining
reflect .

Chinese investors interested in any of our raw materials for the primary aim to carry forward
any orientation. Therefore, Mongolian mining and raw materials finishes at home and
international markets to regulate the legal and regulatory framework for neighborhood
interests and equity in accordance with international standards to ensure equal standards
are necessary to determine the principle of mutual benefit.

Mongolian rapid development of large-scale investment is required to attract foreign

investment to implement it, in order to improve the efficiency of our investments is important
to improve the absorptive capacity. This in order to create a positive environment for
investment, of course, the legal environment is very important. Therefore, for the
development of the strategic partnership medium and long-term program to include.
Government to continue developing a more precise agreement between the two supports on
both sides to protect the legitimate rights and interests of investors, transparency and control
activities should be carried out.

Three. Mineral Resources and Energy Cooperation

Mongolian wealth of natural resources, economic cooperation as an important partner of

China. Mongolian exports to China in key products such as coal, copper and zinc
concentrates, such as crude oil and mineral leader (Figure 3).

Figure 3. Mongolian main export commodities

Unit

2009

2010

2011

2012

7113.2

16726.2

21296

20915

1938.5

2070.8

2553.7

3568

Ton

568

2048.6

414.6

821.2

Copper concentrate

1000 Ton

587

568.7

575.9

574.3

Feldspar concentrate

1000 Ton

314

405.6

407.1

428.9

Coal

1000 Ton

Crude Oil

1000 Barrell

Offal products

China out of the country since 1998, proposed the implementation of a strategic policy. In
2001 the official X ten years after the implementation of a five-year plan, China's overseas
assets increased 10 times over. This significant investment and a majority of the Mongolian
mining sector is dominated by energy investments. Therefore, concerns over mineral and
energy investments, and further deepen the cooperation between the two parties are
encouraged to conduct their activities. China's rapidly growing energy demand, support the
development of the mining sector in Mongolia, on the one hand and on the other hand, only
market is heavily dependent on raw materials appendage giant is bringing double the risk.
Mongolian National Security Concept of "energy and mineral resources policy" exception,
"mineral in devoloping to ensure security priority, and to prevent them from raw materials
appendage.40 However, the vast majority of our exports to China are not processing industry
as a complement to our commodity is considered to be the main reason for this high market
demand for energy in order to neutralize the exporting and manufacturing challenges to build
. Pile iron deposit located in Sukhbaatar soum of Sukhbaatar province and type of minerals
zinc and lead mining agreement with the Mongolian government stability and cooperation
with China has signe projects.

41

This communication and cooperation to continue, with

subsequent large and medium-sized projects that seek to implement a strategic program to
reflect on the our bilateral trade and investment in the energy sector accounts for a large part

40

41

"Mongolian National Security Concept" UB 2010 http://www.nsc.gov.mn/?q=node/119

B.Indra "China's neighboring countries in the geo-economic policy challenge," Strategic Studies UB, p 22

of mineral coal. China rock three-quarters of its energy and raw materials, including most of
the coal is extracted, the world's largest coal consumer.42

This strategic partnership on the basis of the development of medium and long-term
programs of the two entities in accordance with market principles, technologies and
strengthening economic cooperation, to the extent possible for the coal industry and coal
chemical industry, and create favorable conditions for enterprises to cooperate actively
financing has agreed to provide support.

2010 BP, the world energy statistics on coal reserves in the United States, Russia, China,
Australia, India, coal producer in China produced 3.05 billion tons of coal in 2009, of the
world's coal used 45.89 percent of the country alone. In addition to rich coal reserves of
China, the world's largest coal producer and consumer.43

Figure 4 Chinese energy sources in 2011

Source: http://www.news.bjx.com.cn/html/20121030/398080-2.shtml

According to the above, although China's coal-rich, high-quality coking coal reserves less.
Thus, imports of high-quality coking coal and densely populated southern seaport and
transport of coal in the state is paying close attention. In 2011, the Mongolian coking coal
exports to China in May 2012, the Mongolian coking coal is exported large quantities.
Considering the type of coal, thermal coal exported to China from Mongolia, 45.72 thousand
tons and 1.2 million tons of coking coal, lignite 43.51 thousand ton.44 Looking at it both

42

43
44

http://www.worldcoal.org/.../-statistics/
http://www.mbendi.com/indy/ming/coal/as/cj/p0005.htm#Companies

"China's energy demand, Mongolian - Chinese relations in the mining sector" strategy UB Science Magazine, p
14, 2013

Mongolia and China coal reserves and resources and to strengthen cooperation in mutual
cooperation is necessary in order to recover.

1. The Parties related entities Tavantolgoi and Oyutolgoi mutually beneficial cooperation will
continue to actively carry out the project.

2. Mongolian mining in the deep processing products and value-added products through
national support industrial development, the Chinese side. The two sides entities in
accordance with market principles Mongolian Sainshand industrial park development and
management, enterprise actively cooperate in such investments.

3. The Parties shall further intensify the cooperation in the petroleum sector. Tamsag and
strengthen cooperation Zuunbayan oil project. Create favorable conditions for the
implementation of projects related to sustainable Mongolian steppe. His Mongolian
enterprises in China to help build an oil refinery in the promotion and mutual enterprises in
China and Mongolia mutual benefit and win-win on the basis of market principles to increase
the amount of oil products were in favor of the study.

China now the world's fourth largest oil producer since 1993, and began to import oil
provides about 20 percent of the energy consumption of oil, of which supplies imported
produce to take sides. Huge oil to meet demand from China, the world's largest oil producer,
using the resources available within the terrestrial currently 85 percent of domestic oil
production and 15 percent is extracted from the sea. Mongolian and Chinese oil supplies.
China's investment in Petro china, Dunshyen Oil Co., the two companies make direct oil
sector of oil extracted and dominated China and Mongolian oil production has been
increasing year by year.

So far, the oil exploration activity continues for more than 10 years to detect, but the
economic benefits of reserves, production, mining and oil operations that fail to invest a
significant amount compared to other metals, can be time-consuming and are at high risk
related to the specific activities of the industry. Commodity prices have increased compared
to the previous year, the oil companies' exploration and production is increasing interest in
investing activities. On the other hand, China's rapid economic and conduct a new energy
policy in order to ensure the safety of the oil industry has a large influence on the
development of our country.

Petro china in 2006 for $ 80 million investment in the oil and Sheng Petroleum Co.
Zuunbayan and White elsiin by the exploitation of the oil deposits in the total planned
investment of US $ 52 million.45

Currently 88 Petro china Co., Sheng Petroleum Co.

83 of 163 Mongolian

46

scope of Tamsag oil operations in the future as increase our

revenues to the state budget, the national specialized personnel readiness, technology
development, and the development of infrastructure in remote eastern region of our country
a major for their cooperation in promoting the need to create favorable conditions for
development and implementation of projects related to sustainability.
Six. Trade Cooperation

1. The Parties shall, increasing trade volume and improve trade structure. Cars, machinery,
light industry and consumer goods increased trade.
2. The Parties, Mongolian and Chinese enterprises and institutions on the other side of the
international tender organized enable them to participate on an equal basis.
3. The two state enterprises and institutions on the other party's organizing exhibitions and
trade fairs provide support and assistance to participate. Chinese Mongolian enterprises and
institutions Eurasian international exhibitions held in China and Northeast Asia Trade and
Investment Expo, Western China International Exhibition, the All-China Import and Export
Fair, Mongolian, Chinese, Russian Trade and Economic Forum be invited to participate
actively in the future. Mongolian and Chinese Economic Forum, the Mongolian side
expressed active in China for the consideration of the proposal to create a mechanism.
4. Each customs, quality inspection, including corporate communications, enable
collaboration, food safety and animal and plant quarantine and strengthened cooperation
mechanisms.
5. Bilateral trade and economic cooperation, the role of the business sector, to enable further
two sides agreed. The parties in their enterprises to conduct trade associations active in
establishing peer support and provide assistance to deal with any problems.

45

S.Enkhtsetseg "Mongolian -Chinese cooperation in the oil sector," Mongolian Chinese relations in Century

UB, 2010, p 122, 124

46

Same

Mongolian Chinese trade turnover in 2012 was US $ 5921.2 million in the Mongolian foreign
trade accounted for 53.2% (Figure 5).

Figure 5. Foreign trade turnover by country (in million)

Country

2010

2011

2012

All

4023.
0

6108.6

11415.9

11123

China

1932.
10

3437.2

6463.7

5921.2

Russia

598

1129.4

1721

1927

USA

14

164.9

541.4

539.5

Canada

11

163.9

219.1

214.5

Japan

1
75

199.2

501.2

507.2

Other

80
.5

1014

1969.5

2013.

71
6
5.
China is our largest trading partner,
Mongolian - Chinese trade and economic co-operation
.6
to expand the scope and level 4of economic relations between the two sides in 2006 with the
goal of improving "Mongolian and Chinese trade and economic cooperation in the mediumterm program," agreeing to establish a unified Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping, the
program was signed during the official visit to our country.

This program mines and minerals, geology, infrastructure, fuel, energy, agriculture,
environmental protection, tourism, and 15 are provided to support the development of
cooperation in key areas. Two sides to increase trade turnover and reduce non-tariff barrier
and create favorable conditions for trade and agricultural product quality and food safety, a
mineral used to open, large-scale mining projects, mining products to develop and produce
the final product depth, road and rail infrastructure in synergies key objectives have been
successfully implemented. And the development of trade and economic relations between
the two countries was approved in 1994 "in Mongolian Foreign Policy Perspectives," a
positive impact on the document, Mongolian foreign policy for the development of goodneighborly relations with Russia and China leading the trend, as stated.

Mongolian and Chinese economic relations in terms and conditions will have plenty of
opportunities. Member countries of the World Trade Organization, the country pursues
political system, regardless of market direction. Following China's rapid economic growth
and development of raw materials, energy demand, which is constantly growing needs of
Mongolian copper and gold mineral and energy resources of oil, coal supply with materials

available to trade cooperation in favor of the development of our bilateral cooperation are
affected.

Trade Cooperation, adopted in 2011, under the 6th Mongolian joint statement on strategic
partnership between China and the economy, deepen trade cooperation, mutual benefit and
win cooperation with sustainable development and cooperation to advance the development
of Mongolian , Chinese strategic partnership for a long announced that term can be47 the
driving force and economic development support strategic investments to improve the
structure of bilateral trade on the basis of mutual trade and investment is essential to
maintain sustainable growth.

In addition, the strategic partnership in the field of trade and economy, medium and longterm investment program of economic and trade cooperation with the minerals and energy
cooperation is proposed for the development of road transport and financial cooperation,
environmental protection, ruraleconomic cooperation and cross-border regional cooperation
and cooperation in other sectors, such as the construction sector parties on further deepen
the process of cooperation tions involved in the program are supported to work with.

On the basis of its economic development strategy for China to improve the structure of
bilateral trade and investment between maintaining stable growth of trade and economic
cooperation pursuing a medium-term program of economic, trade, scientific and
technological cooperation commission, mining energy cooperation Commission and other
cooperation mechanisms of bilateral trade and economic cooperation agreement orderly
development of cooperation between two countries is given special importance.
2.3. Social, humanitarian and a strategic partnership in the areas of regional
cooperation

China Mongolian culture in 1951, the two countries since the establishment of the multisector cooperation and cultural exchanges so far have been organized. In 1994, "China,
Mongolia, and cultural co-operation agreement" in the field of education between the two
countries in 2006-2010,48 "joint action plan" and "Mongolian government and cultural
exchanges between the Government of the Republic of China, 2010-2013 implementation

47
48

"Mongolian joint statement on strategic partnership between China" Ulaanbaatar, 2011

N.Ulaan-Star "Chinese and Mongolian tells you about the state of bilateral relations," Strategic Studies UB,
200842 p 70

plan"49 documents have played an important role in the development of the cooperation
established.

Cooperation in education within the Chinese government to spend the academic year 20082009, 220 students profession improving, Inner Mongolian funded by the Government of the
People's 592 students were studying in China between the two countries cooperate in the
field of education in the plan for 2006-2010 . Strategic partnerships, medium and long-term
humanitarian exchange program for deepening and enhancing the friendly relations between
the citizens and partnership that strengthens the foundations of society and the further
development of this relationship include people and will play a major role in relations
between the two countries China, when the battery level of development in Mongolia.

Mongolian train students in China, the country's economic and social development not only
helpful but also useful for the expansion of relations between the two countries. In addition to
intensify the work of Chinese Studies of the Chinese and Mongolian education is important
to prepare for the implementation of youth cooperation between the two countries. This
cultural days in various exhibitions and film work on alternating days continually being
developed as the capital and cultural center opening match between the two countries
restored traditional humanitarian relations have expanded significantly. As part of this
country to the establishment of a strategic partnership, a joint statement:

active part in university campus in Mongolia and intangible cultural heritage conservation,
the Chinese side expressed readiness to strengthen cooperation with Mongolia Confucius
Institute, Mongolian continued support activities in the Chinese Cultural Center Mongolia
Party expressed.50

Mongolian People's Republic of China in the last ten years, the science and technology
sector with an active program to combat desertification in Mongolia through technology
centers, food plants species have been involved in the projects. Chinese Prime Minister Wen
Jiabao of the State Council in 2010, during an official visit in Mongolian culture, education
and humanitarian relations, cooperation and youth exchange mechanisms discussed in the
next five years, 300 young people expressed focusing on a visit to China, Chinese
Government scholarship to study at least 1,000, and the number of students pursuing a
49

"Mongolian foreign policy activities: bilateral relations," Mongolian foreign policy

blue book 2007-2011UB, 2011, p 29

50

"A joint statement on the strategic partnership between China" China Today, CR, 2012, 1 (6)

bachelor's degree in as shall be not less than 200 reported.51 And children and youth to
strengthen bilateral exchange relationship is of strategic importance for the future
development of the two countries pursuing mutual visits of representatives of young people,
thus it is important to create a mechanism for extending its scope.

Strategic partnership between the two countries, adopted in 2011, not 2013 joint declaration
on cooperation with strategic partnerships, medium and long-term cooperation between the
parties included in the program, scientific and technological cooperation, and Mongolian ,
Chinese Academy of Sciences within the Joint Committee on Cooperation in the Field
bilateral scientific and technological cooperation between the two countries to advance and
considered China's experience of the Mongolian using science and technology to change
the system, science, technology and innovation to work together to create a new system of
thought.

Mongolian establishment of the first science park in strategic planning and advising the
Chinese high-tech enterprises and science in the service sector, Mongolian activities aimed
believed that our two countries. Mongolian - Chinese strategic partnership to strengthen the
social foundations of mutual understanding and friendly approach to the humanitarian sector
to increase communication and exchange of people between the two countries have
deepened and intensified importance day by day.

In this regard, the tourism industry is developing rapidly and tourism is one of the key sectors
of the economy. Tourism tourism in the region is part of natural wonders and historical
monuments and social infrastructure based on the advantages of tourism development has
been followed to develop its own distinguishing features and services field.52

According to the current state of the Mongolian tourism sector relative difference in
developing tourism in China, despite the growing number of tourists and of building the
infrastructure for the development of China's tourism industry is fully updated. In contrast,
relatively weak infrastructure and inadequate transport capacity and location of vehicle travel
and study experience of our neighboring country, the country has a comparative advantage,
primarily to expand the frontier of tourism is important to accelerate the improvement of
infrastructure . Therefore, the development of the region, involving local communities and
51

"Chinese State Council Premier Wen Jiabao visited Mongolian "

http://www.olloo.mn/m/modules.phpname=News&file=article&sid=1172070
52

52 http: //www.touristinfocenter.mn/cate11_more.aspx? ItemID = 9

tourism and tourism education and training, propaganda and training staff preparation and
supply a complete lack of sufficient human resources to improve immediately. This strategic
partnership between the Mongolian and China on the development of medium and longterm programs:
The parties further deepen cooperation in tourism and travel, the people of each
other's economy through tourism, culture, scenic, historic sites, and promote the mutually
recognize the tradition of national and international tourism sector and to establish
cooperation between the institutions to support and assistance to promoted tourism event
held on the other side show people to travel between the two countries to advance
provides.53

Tourism sector of the economy is very important for efficient, create jobs and raise GDP.

Because of our work with the tourism sector in both countries to invest in mutual learning
from China's experience in this field create a favorable investment environment to promote
the development of tourism investment cooperation between the two countries is essential to
the necessary cuts. Thus, trade between the two countries, cultural, humanitarian and
tourism relations and cooperation is expanding day by day. The future of this relationship to
a new stage of cooperation enhance economic development opportunities in the country
and, in doing so remote a link between the infrastructure of the country to make a major
construction joint is where it is important to make a substantial investment.

Was carried out between the Mongolian and Chinese relations is not mentioned among the
branches throughout the two countries' cooperation in international and regional industry.
Strategic partnerships, medium and long-term program, the fifth paragraph international and
regional cooperation in the sector of the priorities in international and regional affairs
coordination, collaboration, and developing countries.

Many provided to protect the interests of the country and regional affairs of mutual trust and
strengthen cooperation, it is important to resolve the dispute through negotiations between
our two countries, but the principle of a fair, democratic and rational international political
and economic order known for co-creating the procedure.

53

"Mongolia - People's Republic of China to develop the strategic partnership between the

medium and long-term program, "UB 2013 http://www.mfa.gov.mn/index.php?opinion=com

In 2011, China adopted a joint statement, the establishment of strategic partnership

Mongolian State in Northeast Asia and East Asia cooperation, actively participated and
expressed support to join APEC regional peace and stability make an important contribution
to the Chinese side that the height of the Mongolian steppe assess the six-party talks as
early as possible to restore the two countries are supported.

Mongolian State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) for the first observer to
participate actively in the activities of the organization is important. Thus, Mongolian , China
to strengthen cooperation within the SCO to strengthen cooperation with other members of
the SCO are Mongolian ready to perform an active role in the development of the SCO.

CHAPTER 3

Analysis of the strategic partnership between Mongolia and China

3.1. Mongolian Chinese strategic partnership in the field of political relations and
feature

Chinese President Hu Jintao in the Mongolian government in 2003 between the two
countries during the visit of "good-neighborly and mutually trusted partnership" Commonly
agreed to develop a joint statement was issued today the two countries established a
strategic partnership in 2011, was a historical event. Furthermore, the head of the
Mongolian government N.Altankhuyag 10 on July 22, 2013 between the two countries made
an official visit to China "strategic partnerships, medium and long-term program," signed
nikhoyor continuing to strengthen and deepen the strategic partnership and cooperation in
all areas of planning and development stages of advancing and regions around the world
have the first opportunity to advance sustainable development to safeguard peace in the
country. China Mongolian exchange relationship with a strategic partnership between the
two countries further expanding bilateral relations increasingly close cooperation thickness in
addition to positive outlook.

Priority to establish a strategic partnership with the public sector and on the basis of our two
countries to strengthen cooperation to strengthen political mutual trust and mutual respect
for the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity and respect for each other's
interests and attention problems respect for the right to equal treatment is needed. Friendly
relations with the people of the two countries, and has played a leading role in the
development of cooperation in all political parties, it is worth noting that. Therefore mutual
visits of heads of state and officials from the two countries, and is essential for the
sustainable development of the cooperation talks.

In March 2013, the Chinese government consists of the newly elected president of the
Mongolian desert, DP re-elected as president of China, Mongolia, two new events in the
process of communication and public relations and cooperation history is considered to be
the best is still.54

54

D.Sharkhuu "China's reform and open policy gap and Mongolian - Chinese strategic partnership,"
International Relations, UB Research Quarterly Journal of Research, 2014, 30 p

And management of the two countries in political, special committees, friendship groups and
agencies to strengthen cooperation and foreign affairs ministries to strengthen exchanges
and cooperation in all areas of the strategic partnership to support the statement announced
by the program and on the basis of bilateral friendly relations The most important subject
which people actively create conditions favorable for traveling consular cooperation between
the forward and the other citizens and legal entities in their own countries, to protect the
legitimate security interests of keeping agreed. Strategic partnership relations has emerged
as a new branch defense, law enforcement and non-traditional security.

In the framework of the partnership program, defense high-level visits between the two
countries, and keep the frequency of meetings, Mongolian and Chinese defense and
security consultative meeting to strengthen mechanisms to improve and enhance mutual
trust to provided. And that promote military-technical cooperation, exchange of staff of the
armed forces of the two countries, and staff training to deepen cooperation in areas such as
border protection and law enforcement agencies to work together to strengthen the
relationship between the criminal Mongolian and Chinese government actively pursuing
negotiations between the illegal drug trade and human trafficking and organized crimes such
as illegal immigration, cross-border operations have highlighted the need to fight together.

It has emerged as a unique relationship between our two countries, and a more wideranging strategic partnership, and what is important to pay attention to in documents
baigaayum show. And defense, law enforcement and non-traditional security sector at the
end of disaster risk reduction, response and recovery industry exchanges and expand
cooperation, earthquakes, forest fires develop cooperation between agencies such as the
fight against disasters strengthen the resilience of the strategic partnership under which
stated that devoloping medium and long-term program approval at the Mongolian National
Emergency Management Agency and the Ministry of Civil Affairs of China between the
Memorandum of Understanding on cooperation in the field of disaster.
Letter to the Speaker of the Mongolian State Emergency T.Dulamdorj signed between the
two countries relations in the field of disaster is a new stage is an important event for the
promotion.55

55

"have signed a memorandum of cooperation in the field of disaster"

http://www.chuhal.mn/r/30744

3.2. Mongolian - Chinese trade and economic, investment and financial sectors in
specific strategic partnership feature

Strategic partnership, economic, trade, investment and financial sectors expand and deepen
mutually beneficial cooperation and win to advance sustainable development cooperation to
develop cooperation with Mongolian and Chinese strategic partnership for a long time
considered to be the driving force and the Mongolian era of globalization by determining its
own right based on specific social issues of development in line with the global economy is
facing the need for sustainable economic growth because of neighbor relationships and cooperation among the most important parameters to develop the strategic partnership,
according to a long-term program to work effectively .

Mongolian Government versatile as a result of a consistent policy to encourage foreign

investment in the social and economic effects of an increase in foreign investment has
improved significantly. Mongolian national policy to promote foreign investment in the basic
purpose of tax and other incentives to foreign investors, incentives and legal guarantees to
protect the investment is to eliminate the bureaucracy to implement. Mongolian country's
transition to a market economy with a special focus on attracting foreign investment
continues to be seen as a source of continuing to be an important factor irsen.2011
established strategic partnership relations in economy, trade and investment sectors include
very clear the importance of unfavorable investment climate to improve the investment
climate in our country more timely identify factors that affect its future maintenance and
improvement measures are required. Currently, the Mongolian state investment, China's
largest trading partner to import and export-led second place. In accordance with an
agreement between the two governments outside the official investment companies, small
businesses, enterprises and individuals independently has invested.56 Likewise, the Chinese
trade trade and joint operating equipment, construction materials, farming is importing goods
and food supply needs constant.

Mongolian first optimize the investment environment for building and investment laws and
regulations need to be improved. Secondly, according to the agreement between the two
governments formally foreign investors operating in safety and dignity of laws and
regulations to protect the interests of improving the well. Third, our investments are included
in foreign investment, especially from China, which is a persistent and effective, eco-friendly,
infrastructure, transportation, etc. should be a major input in the development of energy to
56

B.Tsetsegsaikhan "benefits of foreign investment," Journal of Strategic Studies at UB 54, 2011 p 50

mutually beneficial cooperation, and this cooperation has set a goal to expand the principle
of win.
To this end, the two sides conducted a thorough study of modern scientific, technical,
technology, significant investment and examples, it is important to optimize large-scale
construction. Thus, the results of the effectiveness of China's investment is still one of the
key issues surrounding the issue. Future economic relations between the two countries a
priority in order to produce a new level of quality consistent with the interests of the two
countries, on the basis of mutually complementary and appropriate exercise.
Due to the rapid growth of the mining sector of our economy, 2010-2020 expected to grow
by 12 percent per year.57

The trend observed in recent years, the mining industry, expectations due to a steep
increase in the country's social and economic risks that may be impacted by a variety of
scene showing these foreign and domestic investors, decision makers and policy makers
gargaltdaa very carefully and should be taken into account. Nowadays, the increasing
economic dependence on the mining sector, but decreased dependence on the agricultural
sector. Mongolian reserves, or more than 80 minerals resource deposit been found in some
studies to be more than 6 thousand.

58

Therefore copper, coal, molybdenum, gold, fluorite,

and large quantities of coal mining. Is rich in mineral resources, mineral resources of our
country in the world that is becoming more competitive in the market that Esperanto mining
production increased in recent years, but the export of minerals such as copper, gold
production has remained relatively stable since the beginning of 2000 .

Therefore, our Mongolian and Chinese trade and economic cooperation pursuing a
medium-term program of economic, trade, scientific and technological cooperation between
the Government Commission, Mining and Energy Commission and the use of the
mechanisms of cooperation between two mutual trade and economic cooperation to develop
a systematic. For capturing natural resources and priorities for the development of bilateral
economic infrastructure, mining, energy and agricultural sectors are given the importance of
co-operation. Mongolian financial cooperation and for the people of China and to benefit the
people of the related loan projects and their benefits, both are expected to increase profits.

57

B.Tuwshintugs "Mongolian way of reducing the risk faced by the economy" Journal of Strategic Studies

compiled 58 2012 p 45
58

Husband, Charles and Vera Songwe (2004), Mongolia Mining Sector: Managing The Future, World Bank,
Working paper

This relationship is referred to the strategic partnership relations, brand new financial sector
to develop cooperation and support of their banking institutions to operate in the territory of
the other party and stated that the present Chinese bank to operate a representative office in
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia to actively expand its operations in this framework agreed strategic
partnerships that support the program "at the Mongolian National development Bank, China
development Bank and the general Agreement on Cooperation between the" CEO of the
Development Bank ranked N. Munkhbat signature Draw a certified financial agreements
between the Banks.59
At the end of the financial industry cooperation parties implemented thoroughly currency
swap agreements, bilateral trade estimate currency additional stated that to further
strengthen cooperation in the areas of project finance loans.
3.3. Mongolia and China humanities and culture, education, science and technology,
health and tourism sectors in specific strategic partnership

XXI century is very high technology and science-based development hundred. Education
and knowledge-based economy and to the development of society based on science as
more scientific role and its role in the development of the growing importance of countries,
currently China's development of science integration and expansion of scientific and
industrial cooperation issues Our country occupies an important position in relation
bolloo.ntei among developing strategic partnership between the two countries, as well as
to ensure a long-term "in Mongolian first science park on the collaboration of Mongolian
Education, Culture and science, the relationship between China's ShUTYa Memorandum of
Understanding "in Mongolian Minister of Education Scientist B. Urgamaltsetseg, China from
the Science and Technology Vice Minister Wang Jigan signed.60
Mongolia's first science parks and the development of the study and implementation of joint
projects, exchange of students and scholars to promote bilateral science and technology,
innovation, cooperation and deepen this cooperation is focused. For exchanges, the two
train 300 students per year in accordance with the negotiations between the Government of
southern neighbor, this number was multiplied by three. Thus, 1,000 students per year over
the next five years of state-sponsored training opportunity for young people provide an
important step.61

59

"Prime

Ministers

of

the

two

countries

signed

documents

of

cooperation

http://www.zasag.mn/news/view/3431
60

61

"Mongolia -China strategic partnership to develop medium and long-term program," UB, 2013

"South struggle to educate 1,000 students over the next five years" http://www.ikon.mn/n/vv

talks"

Compared to the previous generation of interactive moments in humanitarian cooperation,

and it came to health and fitness, travel and tourism cooperation. A field of relations between
the country and the world, public health is the most important part of the cooperation.
Mongolian and Chinese strategic partnership program with the project on an extremely
dangerous infectious diseases prevention of infectious diseases prevention and fight
together to study the possibility of establishing a mechanism to organize and unite to fight
against non-traditional security challenges that are provided. On this basis the need to
strengthen cooperation in the health sector and promote bilateral cooperation exchange
related directly to the hospitals and medical research, and professional staffing and training
is needed to deepen their cooperation.

How it is distinct only invest in the two countries' relations, grants, and other mineral and
energy interactions and mineral resources development, infrastructure construction phase
relationship that is discussed every few addition to developing bilateral relations greater
prospects for the future relationship of intellectual development and investment professional
staffing, training and youth of our future generations a new relationship come into squads
sports devoloping collaboration features.

Physical education and sports industry to expand cooperation to enable the exchange of
coaching athletes and sports specific types of athletes organizing joint training exercise
about Chinese and Mongolia assigned to a strategic partnership between the two countries
to strengthen this cooperation further develop relations between the two countries in every
sector with kindness will provide an important opportunity to work.
3.4. Mongolia - Chinese interregional cooperation in the sector and unique strategic
partnership

China considered borders of our country as its northern border is important factor in ensuring
security and stability. Is expected to expand during the last Mongolia - American relations
with neighboring countries such as China, Russia and Central Asia that have been useful to
attract them to gain too much American influence is clear is that it is in the interests of
security. This should not be part of this organization and the very mention of SCO held US
policy to curb the influence of the two neighboring countries, of course. Therefore, the
Central Asian region and American interests in Mongolia with our neighbors, how to cope
actively working to strengthen its influence in Central Asia in the SCO Mongolia
membership is becoming necessary.

Therefore, the Chinese are interested in the Mongolia State Shanghai Cooperation
Organisation and the Non-Aligned Movement in Mongolia by no observed side support.
Therefore, the strategic partnership program to strengthen cooperation within the SCO
Chinese-Mongolia State of the SCO and the Mongolia State to participate in all of the SCO
member countries are set to collaborate with industry support. The provisions of this
strategic

partnership

regional

cooperation

Mongolia ,

the

previous

generation of

communication between China on the 30th of May 11, 1995, compared to a joint statement,
including "regional peace and security, and promote the development of cooperation region
shared the view that community should increase multilateral cooperation.
Shanghai Cooperation Organization, a regional play an important role in the development of
cooperation between countries friendship is great, expressed sector for alliance of mutual
interest with other relevant development within the organization of 62states that "in detail and
present it to a more strategic partnership relationship Mongolia and third neighbors in the
greater impact regional relations are seen as playing a key role.

This good-neighborly relations with its neighbors China and an important guarantee for
China's peaceful development is consistent with the view that it put forward by the CPC 25th
foreign policy, and reaffirmed the development of new strategies.63 Relations between the
two countries in accordance with the principles is growing rapidly and further expansion is
fully justified. Our non-aligned position of its national sovereignty and security key
a more balanced economy is the basis for this policy, foreign relations and regional
cooperation is considered a priority neighborly relations with policy and should be integrated
into a very fine and precisely this principle will be your main point of contact with neighboring
China. On the other hand, our country entering a new phase of development, economic,
democracy, and industrialization processes are happening today, this strategic partnership is
a relationship with a Chinese-more extensive and more effective than in the past, on the
basis of mutual benefit, relations between the two countries and to develop new stage is
important to document.

Many national and regional Mongolian relations, peace and security in Northeast Asia,
China, and deepen the development and managing business relationships on Northeast
Asian regional security issues raised by Mongolia Ulaanbaatar initiatives are ready to
seriously study the strategic partnership talks medium Uri-term development of the
relationship is expressed in the program. Mongolia President Ts.Elbegdorj on 29 4th, 2013
62

63

"Mongolia and Chinese joint statement (2005.11.30)" http://www.forum.mn

63 N.Ariungua "Mongolia immediate surroundings and the external environment in China," Journal of
International Studies, Ulaanbaatar, 2010 P 14

7th Ministerial Conference of the Community of Democracies on the podium, "Northeast

Asian security issues. The purpose of this dialogue in the region overcome by persistent
suspicion dialogue and to promote confidence-building measures and regional security in
Northeast Asia is seeking to create a mechanism for dialogue. Thus ensuring stability and
peace in the region is positioned to undertake in trust real problem. Ulaanbaatar multilateral
security dialogue broad scope of cooperation, including economic, environmental and nontraditional security challenges, and stability in the region and include issues such as
including the principle of open directly pertaining to the security of the region, and interest in
other countries and cooperation with the subject of a systematic, step by step, forwardly.
.North east asian region include a memorandum of understanding to conduct the promotion
of Mongolia foreign policy, the most active area of cooperation. In addition to the two
neighboring countries, Japan, the Republic of Korea, relations with third neighboring
countries located in this region. So raise the security interests of the Mongolia region, so
their opinions, is necessary for him to contribute directly or indirectly own.
Ulaanbaatar discussions "about the initiative to start formally proposed..64
Therefore, the development of medium- and long-term strategic partnership program
Northeast Asia's peace, security and development ties with China Mongolia State deepen
coordination of Northeast Asian cooperation and East Asia, with the highest level of support
to actively participate in the forum, China, Japan, South Korea of co-operation are
encouraged to participate, as appropriate, in 2005 stated that the Mongolia -China joint
statement, "Mongolia regional integration process and its active participation in the East
Asian cooperation, APEC, ASEM membership supports the request of the Chinese side the
statement said.

The two sides of trade and economic cooperation while realms together to actively
participate in the process of regional integration couriered that work "provisions of the
bilateral relations in every sector compared more sophisticated features65 save as within the
regional and global level, China, Russia, the United States and Japan with four Dynasty
Mongolia friendly cooperation relations, particularly in China and the balance between
Mongolia and independent bilateral relations will contribute to the development of goodneighborly relations between our two countries instead Northeast Asia's peace and stability
is very important.

64

65

East Memorandum of talks on North Asian security UB . UB Journal of Strategic Studies, 2013, 114 p
Notes on UB talks on security in Northeast Asia (Memorandum). UB Journal of Strategic Studies, 2013 115 p

Conclusion
Mongolia and Chinese strategic partnership in the history of relations
established a special. Our strategic partnership to develop medium and long-term program
to develop and implement continuing to strengthen and deepen the strategic partnership
between the two countries in all areas of cooperation makes it opens opportunities for
advancing the planning stages. This partnership with Mongolia and China co-development
and the building of people's well-being and protection of national, regional and global peace,
stability and development has become an important document that will help to move forward.
Strategic partnership involving all sectors of cooperation between our two countries, and
implemented a wide range of improvements compared to the historical relations and political
content in the field of equality and mutual benefit, and develop sustainable relationships of
mutual respect and strengthen political mutual trust and multilateral cooperation, to reflect
that.
On the other hand, this country because the highest-level political and diplomatic relations
between the text of this study is to develop collaborative relationships. Today, Mongolia and
China history that are still in good working relationships and strategic partnerships in the
opinion of medium and long-term program was approved in the next two representatives of
the relevant sectors of politics, economy, investment, finance, science technology, railways,
minerals and energy, including 12 signed a strategic partnership document covering many
areas of social benefits shows that it is important to advance.
Including economic, trade and investment sectors This much is given to the importance of
cooperation and mutual benefit and win with goal is to expand the principle. Strategic
partnership to develop in harmony with the interests of the two mutually advantageous
cooperation in the program to highlight a number of things including: First, to build strategic
alliances to increase mutual political trust each other according to the global trend of
globalization in the international arena interest and continue to support each other on
important issues facing the second, two national construction and development challenges,
which are mutually establish the foundation for development of infrastructure, such as
railways, roads and electricity sectors integrated plan of development implementation and
third, he preferred cooperation projects between the two countries, accompanied by
economic and trade cooperation between all the work to develop cross-border trade zone in
order to establish independent research focus and increase the Fourth of foreign currency
financial cooperation opportunities for investment to create and Fifth, education, culture,
youth and community exchanges, deepen cooperation is required.

Novelty strategic partnership with Mongolia and China 1994 "Friendly Relations and
Cooperation Agreement" of 2003 and "good-neighborly and mutually trusted partnership" in
a more multidisciplinary and include: defense, law enforcement and traditional provides
security cooperation in disaster management and parties signed a memorandum of
Understanding between the two countries not only economic, trade and investment, mining
and energy level of cooperation is important, but also other non-cooperation has shown that
there is. And financial cooperation, physical education, sport and tourism cooperation is
reflected in the new strategic partnership relations more effectively study the results of its the
implementation and that the necessary legal framework to ensure the safety and well to pay
attention to important issues Mongolia .
Last summary, to enable proper mechanism for the development of relations between the
two countries and enhance strategic cooperation and discussed issues of bilateral strategic
nature to do so often talk parliaments of the two countries, the government and the party is a
priority level of communication, relations between the two countries, is the basis for the
development of cooperation "Mongolia and China strategic partnership, medium and longterm program" things.
In 2010, it established a strategic partnership between the Mongolia - Japanese relations
and pointing useful complementary relationship between the two countries, but also the
development of the Asian region and the international community is facing political and
economic environment is important to work with a wide range this work considers the
strategic partnership cooperation under the program, the two countries are rapidly
developing a strategic partnership between China and the Mongolia State to this more
effectively and quickly developing the appropriate officials of the contract as well as mediumand long-term program, 11 relations between the two countries signed is to create
opportunities for further development in every sector.

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