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Soil Requirements
Land preparation
Plant peanuts in
May and June if the season
is rainy and between
October and November if
the season is dry. Summer
is more favorable because
in rainy weather, peanut
leaves and branches are
abundant, but the fruits are
few. If there is irrigation,
peanuts should be planted
in February to be able to
harvest big and plentiful
grains. Peanuts may be planted along with other crops, for instance,
watermelon.
Planting
The time for planting the peanut in this locality is practically
the same as for corn, beginning about the middle of March when not
hulled, and the first of April when shelled. A good plan is to break the
shell crosswise; they come up almost as quickly as when shelled.
If the Spanish peanut is shelled and planted early in April, it
will mature about the middle of July, when they can be pulled, the
ground prepared again, reseeded, and a second crop produced.
There are two principal methods of planting the peanut; viz., in
drills and checks. The drill method proved most desirable with us,
giving the largest yield.
For the Spanish we placed our rows from 2 1/2 to 3 feet apart;
for the running varieties, from 3 to 3 1/2 feet apart. Furrows were run
as nearly 4 inches deep as possible, the compost put directly into the
furrow, and the nuts planted on it.
Fertilizer Application
If the land has been well prepared as above directed and is
practically free from weed seeds, the cultivation will be quite simple.
Cultivate only enough to keep the ground soft and mellow and free
from weeds.
There are two methods, however, of cultivating the peanut;
viz., the ridge method, and the flat method. We tried both, and the flat
method gave decidedly the best results.
as for corn; makes a splendid yield when given the same treatment as
cowpeas; does equally well when fertilized the same as for cotton.
For the sandy soils of Macon County, we found the following
compost mixture most satisfactory:
In the fall and winter, a large pen was filled with leavesmuck
from the swampand farmyard manure. The mixture consisted of
one load of leaves from the woods together with the rich top earth,
one load of muck from the swamp, and one load of manure from the
barns, pig-pen, poultry house, etc. The pen was filled in this way, a
rough shed put over it to throw off the excess of water, so that the
fertility would not be washed out. Eighteen tons of this mixture,
together with 100 lbs. acid phosphate, 50 lbs. kainit, and 200 lbs. lime,
were applied to the acre.
Where one must depend upon a commercial mixture, the one
given below gave decidedly the largest yield:
Pest Management
Helicoverpa
Mites
Etiella/Lucerne seed web moth
Whitegrubs/Scarabs
Whitefringed weevil
False wireworms
Leafhoppers /Jassids
Cluster caterpillars
Mirids
Silverleaf whitefly
Thrips
Armyworms/cutworms
Vegetative pests
During the vegetative stage, damage to peanuts is mainly to
foliage and caused by leaf-chewing or sap-sucking insects. Insects that
suck sap can occur any time after crop emergence and include leafhoppers
(jassids), peanut mites and cowpea aphids. Cowpea aphids (Aphis
craccivora) are not considered a pest in peanuts. However, they are
vectors of the peanut mottle virus. While this virus is not usually a
problem in peanuts, it is a major concern in navy beans if these are grown
nearby.
Leaf-chewing pests include helicoverpa, cluster caterpillar and on
some occasions, red-shouldered leaf beetles .
Harvesting
Post Harvest Operations
1. Stripping/Threshing
Farmers aerate and dry newly harvested peanut in the field
which can either handpick or strip/thresh pods from the vine by
beating. To shake off pods from the vines, farmers repeatedly
strike pods against a hard surface. Manual threshing of wet
peanuts is accomplished at the rate of 11 kg/hr per person
while that of half-dried peanuts at the rate of 30 kg/hr. per
person.
For wet-season crops, farmers usually strip/thresh the
pods immediately after harvest so that they can be immediately
dried to the desired moisture content to prevent deterioration.
For dry-season crops, stripping is delayed because farmers
windrow the plants in the field to reduce plant and pod
moisture content.
Picking is done is such a way that the peduncle does not go
with the pod. The pods are then washed and the inferior,
immature ones are separated from the mature and sound pods.
The parent plant or vines are usually either left in the field to
decompose or kept and used as animal fodder.
2. Drying
Sun drying is the traditional and most commonly used drying
method by farmers which is considered as the cheap method
but very dependent on climatic condition. It will take 2-5 days
depending upon the weather condition to dry the crops left in
the field under the sun. In general, drying is done twice within
the chain of postharvest operation; initial drying prior to
threshing and final drying before shelling.
When peanuts are grown as second crop, windrow frying in the
field is sometimes followed by aeration in small shaded huts
prior to threshing and final drying as practiced in Cagayan
Valley region.
Marketing
3. Shelling
Recommended Varieties
The recommended peanut varieties in the Philippines are as follows:
1. UPL Pn-2 - 104-111 days
2. UPL Pn-4 - 105-110 days
3. UPL Pn-6 - 105-110 days
4. UPL Pn-8 - 100-110 days
5. BPI Pn-2 - 97-101 days
6. UPL Pn-10 - 98-100 days
7. PSB Pn-2 - 101-103 days
8. PSB Pn-3 - 103-104 days
9. ICGV 8848 -120 days
10. ICGV 88392 -120 days
11. ICGV 88406 -120 days