CCB 1052

IMPORTANCE OF
ENGINEERING DRAWING

CAB 1052

Why learn ED?

Engineering graphics provide

means to expression of
thoughts and concepts
involving geometrical shapes
and design between the
designers (engineers) and
fabricators (vendors). Drawing
is a tool to communicate ideas

CAB 1052

What are EG?

Engineering graphics are important for:
Visual communication
between

Draftsmen and engineers

/ other professionals

Designers / architects and

manufacturers /
contractors

End-users and
sales/support services

Transmission of coding
technique
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CAB 1052

Relevancy of EG
Every engineer should be able to:
Describe ideas and present them to other
professionals through engineering graphics
Read and understand graphics prepared by
others

CAB 1052

Example of drawing

CAB 1052

CAB 1052

CAB 1052

Three Methods of Communication

THREE (3) methods of communicating the
graphics language:

Free hand sketches

Manual drafting with hand-held instruments
Computer-aided drafting/design (CAD)

CAB 1052

Manual Drafting Tools

For manual drafting and/or freehand sketches, the
following may be required:

Board / table
Media (paper: plain, graph)
Utensils

Pencils / pens
Eraser
T-squares and triangles (set squares)
Compass and dividers
Protractor
French curve
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CAB 1052

CAD Software
Among the popular CAD software used in
technical drawings/draftings are:

AutoCAD (2D, 3D, solid

modeling)

Mechanical Desktop (3D,

solid modeling)

Inventor (advanced solid

modeling)

MS Visio (2D with built-in

blocks/libraries)
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CAB 1052

EG Outputs
The outputs are in the forms of:

Documentation (step-by-step procedure)

Technical drawings

the shape, size, location and other features

of the object(s)

Surface finish, color, assembly or fabrication

methods

Standards and conventions (layout /

template)
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CAB 1052

Two component of graphics

Showing the shape of an object and other
information requires TWO (2) fundamental
components of graphics:

Lines

represents edges, contour and/or

surfaces of objects

Lettering

represents symbols, sizes and notes

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CAB 1052

Scale
Scales are graduated measuring
instruments

Drawing scales refer to ratio between size

of drawing to actual size of object

scale ratio 1:50 means actual object is 50

times larger than drawing object

scale ratio 2:1 means actual object is half

the size of the drawing object

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CAB 1052

Scale (Reaction Vessel Example)

Scale
1:100

Model

Actual
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CAB 1052

Units
TWO (2) major unit conventions commonly
used in drawing are:

Engineering
Millimeters (mm)
Inches (in.)
Architectural
Feet ( ' ) and inches ( " )

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CAB 1052

Units
Some examples to differentiate the units:

Millimeters

2.1

0.021

Inches

2.10

.021

2"

2 1/2"

Architectural

2'-2 1/2"

Note:
A zero is required to the left (but not to the right) of
decimal point for mm. For inches, vice versa.
Symbols are not required for mm and in.
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CAB 1052

Dimensions
Dimensions are used to indicate the length,
radius (diameter) and angle of an object.
Some common terminologies as used in
standard drawing conventions and practices
are:
Linear dimensions horizontal and vertical lines
Angular dimension angles
Diameter places a diameter dimension on circles
Radius places a radius dimension on circles and
arcs

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CAB 1052

Dimensions

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CCB 1052

TECHNICAL SKETCHING

Chapter 2
part a

CAB 1052

Technical Sketching

The process producing a rough preliminary

drawing representing the main features of a
product structure
Lines on the sketch are rough
Shapes & objects sketched are still defined by
the characteristic of an eng. drawing
Size, distance or measurement in sketch are
not accurate

A bearing

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CAB 1052

Sketching Techniques
Freehand
Mechanical (drawing instruments)
Digital (Computer Aided)

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Proportions

CAB 1052

Sketches should be proportional. Dont draw

a square that looks like a rectangle or a circle
like an ellipse. The common technique of
sketching is:

Sketch lightly
Check the proportions (between actual & drawing)
Make correction (erase as necessary)
Darken lines (final drawing)
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CAB 1052

Proportions

Fig. 4-4

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Class Exercise

CAB 1052

Boundary box represent the outer dimensional limits

of the feature being drawn

The correct proportion technique:

1) Concentrate on the overall object size
2) Followed by the medium sized parts
3) Then the smaller ones
4) Darken lines & erase as necessary
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